Code No: RR211901 Set No.

1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
SIGNALS & MODULATION THEORY
(Electronics & Computer Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Show that for an even periodic function, the coefficients of the exponential
Fourier series are real and for an odd periodic function the coefficients are
imaginary.
(b) Find the F-T of given triangular function and plot its spectra.(figure1)

Figure 1:

[8+8]

2. Let φ12 (ι) represents cross-correlation of f1 (t) and f2 (t). If φn12 (τ ) represents the nth
derivative of φ12 (ι), then show that
(j+k) R∞ j
φ12 (τ ) = (−1)k f1 (t)f2k (t − τ ).dt [16]
−∞

3. (a) Prove that a linear discrete time invariant system is stable if and only if the
unit sample response of the system is finite.
(b) Draw the ideal Band Pass Filter characteristics. [10+6]

4. (a) What effect does modulation have on the amplitude of the carrier component
of the modulated signal spectrum?
(b) Describe AM VSB .Compare VSB to conventional AM. [8+8]

5. The FM wave
Rt
S(t)=Ac Cos[Wc t+2πkf dt] is applied to the system is shown in the figure. Assume
o
that the resistance R is small compared with the reactance of the capacitor ‘C’ for
all significant frequency components of s(t) and the envelope detector does not load
the filter. Determine the resulting signal at the envelope detector output, assuming
that kf |m(t)| <fc for all t.(figure2)
[16]

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Code No: RR211901 Set No. 1

Figure 2:

6. (a) State and prove sampling theorem in frequency domain.

(b) Explain the effect of aliasing on sinusoidal signal. [10+6]

7. Write short notes on the following:

(a) 8 QAM
(b) MSK. [8+8]

8. What are the different waveform patterns of digital signals, explain them. [16]

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Code No: RR211901 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
SIGNALS & MODULATION THEORY
(Electronics & Computer Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Which of the following signals is Fourier transformable? Why?

i. x(t) = e−at .u(t), a > 0
ii. x(t)=1
iii. (t) = | n(t)
iv. x(t) = [cos(10t)] Sin (2t)
(b) State and prove convolution and modulation properties of F.T. [8+8]

2. (a) Determine and plot the auto-correlation function of A sin c (2ωt).

(b) Find the auto-correlation function of a gate function given below.(figure1)

Figure 1:

[8+8]

3. (a) Determine the response of a Linear system driving with a impulse function?
(b) A signal x(t) =1 for 0 ≤ t <1 and zero otherwise is passed through a system,
which has impulse response h(t) = x(t). Compute the output y(t). [6+10]

4. (a) Show the variation of the sideband power and carrier power with depth of
modulation in a single tone AM.
(b) What is the relation ship between the modulating signal frequency and the
bandwidth in a conventional AM system? [10+6]

5. (a) A carrier of frequency 106 Hz and amplitude 3V is frequency modulated by a

sinusoidal modulating waveform of frequency 500Hz and peak amplitude IV.
The frequency deviation is 1KHz. Write the expression for the level of FM
wave modulating waveform is changed to 5 peak and the modulating frequency
is changed to 2KHz. Write the expression for the new FM, wave.

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Code No: RR211901 Set No. 2
(b) With neat circuit diagram explain the operation of Foster seeley discriminator.
[8+8]

6. (a) Explain in detail the effect of analog to digital conversion. Compare analog
and digital systems.
(b) A sinusoidal signal is to be transmitted using pan so that the output signal to
quantizing noise ratio is 49.8 dB. Find the minimum number of representation
levels L and binary code word n to achieve this performance. [8+8]

7. (a) A matched filter has the frequency response

jwt
H(f ) = 1−e
jw
i. Determine the impulse response of the filter for the signal response.
ii. Determine the signal waveform of which the filter characteristics is matched.
(b) Why PSK is considered as better system than FSK for binary signaling. Ex-
plain. [3+5+8]

8. (a) Briefly explain return to zero and Non return to zero transmissions.
(b) Contrast the bandwidth considerations of return to zero and Non-return to
zero transmissions.
(c) Contrast the error detection and decoding capabilities of RZ and NRZ trans-
missions. [4+6+6]

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Code No: RR211901 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
SIGNALS & MODULATION THEORY
(Electronics & Computer Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Which of the following signals is Fourier transformable? Why?

i. x(t) = e−at .u(t), a > 0
ii. x(t)=1
iii. (t) = | n(t)
iv. x(t) = [cos(10t)] Sin (2t)
(b) State and prove convolution and modulation properties of F.T. [8+8]

2. (a) Define auto-correlation and cross-correlation functions. Prove that φ12 (ι) =
φ21 (ι), where φ12 (ι) is the correlation between f1 (t) and f2 (t) and φ21 (ι) is the
correlation between f2 (t) and f1 (t).
(b) Find the auto-correlation of f(t)=Sin wt. [8+8]

3. (a) What are the requirements of a system to allow the distortion less transmission
of a signal?
(b) Show the response of ideal low pass filter when unit step is applied. [8+8]

4. (a) Discuss the method of generating AM wave with square law modulator.
(b) A DSB-SC signal (Cos ωm t + Cos 2 ωm t) Cos ωc t is applied to a receiver
consisting of a BPF, a mixer and a LPF cascaded in that sequence . The other
input to the mixer is 2 Cos ωi t & BPF is centered about ωi . Find the signals
at the input and also at the output of the mixer & LPF if ωi = ωc – 3 ωm.
[8+8]

5. (a) Derive the expression for NBFM. Compare the spectrum of this NBFM with
an wave.
(b) Give the power contents of the carrier and the sidebands in angle modulated
carriers. [8+8]

6. (a) Explain in detail the effect of analog to digital conversion. Compare analog
and digital systems.
(b) A sinusoidal signal is to be transmitted using pan so that the output signal to
quantizing noise ratio is 49.8 dB. Find the minimum number of representation
levels L and binary code word n to achieve this performance. [8+8]

7. (a) Determine the minimum bandwidth and baud for a BPSK modulator with a
carrier frequency of 40 MHz and an input bit rate of 500 Kbps. Sketch the
output waveforms.

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Code No: RR211901 Set No. 3
(b) Explain
i. Quad bit
ii. QAM [8+4+4]

8. Write short notes on

(a) Bipolar coding

(b) Manchester coding [8+8]

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Code No: RR211901 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
SIGNALS & MODULATION THEORY
(Electronics & Computer Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Which of the following signals is Fourier transformable? Why?

i. x(t) = e−at .u(t), a > 0
ii. x(t)=1
iii. (t) = | n(t)
iv. x(t) = [cos(10t)] Sin (2t)
(b) State and prove convolution and modulation properties of F.T. [8+8]

2. (a) Prove that the correlation and convolution functions are identical for even
signals.
(b) Show that the auto-correlation function at the origin is equal to the energy of
the function. [8+8]

3. (a) Prove that a linear discrete time invariant system is stable if and only if the
unit sample response of the system is finite.
(b) Draw the ideal Band Pass Filter characteristics. [10+6]

4. (a) Define amplitude modulation and modulation index using a sketch of sinu-
soidal modulated AM wave to help explain the definition.
(b) Show that the maximum power efficiency of an AM modulator is 50%. [8+8]

5. (a) Derive the expression for NBFM. Compare the spectrum of this NBFM with
an wave.
(b) Give the power contents of the carrier and the sidebands in angle modulated
carriers. [8+8]

6. (a) State and prove sampling theorem in time domain.

(b) Determine the minimum sampling rate and Nyquist interval for the following
signals:
i. Sa (100t)
ii. Sa2 (100t)
iii. Sa (100t) +Sa (50t)
iv. Sa (100t) + sa2 (60t). [8+8]

7. (a) With a neat block diagram explain the generation and receiption of DPSK
signals. What merit does a DPSK signal have over FSK and PSK.

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Code No: RR211901 Set No. 4
(b) Show that a QPSK system achieves twice the bit rate per carrier bandwidth
that a binary antipodal FSK system with the same bit error probability and
power level does. [8+8]

8. (a) What are the different coding techniques?

(b) Explain the Manchester coding with a neat diagram. [8+8]

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