Code No: RR212101 Set No.

1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
MECHANICS OF FLUID
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Derive an expression for the torque and power required to overcome the viscous
drag for a shaft running at a particular r.p.m.
(b) A hydraulic lift shaft of 500 mm diameter moves in a cylindrical sleeve the
length of engagement being 2m. The interface is filled with oil of kinematic
viscosity of 2.4 X 10−4 m2 /sec and density of 888 kg/m3 . The drag resistance
when the shaft moves at 0.2 m/sec is 267.81 N. Determine the internal diameter
of the cylinder. [8+8]
2. (a) Derive three dimensional continuity equation.
(b) The x and y components in a three dimensional flow are given by
U = x2 + z 2 ϑ = y2 + z2
Find the simplest z − component of velocity that satisfies the continuity equa-
tion. [8+8]
3. (a) What is momentum equation? Give applications of the equation.
(b) Water under a pressure of 345 kN /m2 is flowing through a 30 cm diameter
pipe at the rate of 0.25 m3 / s. If the pipe is bent by 1350 to the horizontal,
find the magnitude and direction of the resultant force on the bend. Neglect
losses. [8+8]
4. (a) What is the physical significance of displacement thickness of boundary layer
theory?
(b) What boundary conditions must be satisfied by the velocity distribution in
laminar boundary layer over a flat plate.
(c) The velocity distribution in the boundary layer was found to fit the equation
(u/U) = (y/d)1/7. Find the displacement thickness. [4+4+8]
5. (a) What is the difference between isotropic and adiabatic flow.
(b) A gas velocity of 300 m/s is flowing through a horizontal pipe at a Section
where the pressure is 60 KN/m2 and temperature 400 C. The pipe changes
in diameter and at this section pressure is 90 KN/m2 if the flow of gas is
adiabatic find the velocity of gas at this section. [8+8]
6. (a) Enumerate the characteristics of laminar flow? Give examples where such a
flow is encountered.
(b) Oil of absolute viscosity 1.5 poise and relative density 0.85 flows through a 30
cm diameter pipe. If the headloss in 3000m length of pipe is 20m, estimate
the friction factor by assuming the flow to be laminar. [8+8]

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Code No: RR212101 Set No. 1
7. (a) Explain different laws of fluid friction in detail?
(b) A siphon of diameter 20cm connects two reservoirs having a difference in
elevation of 20m. The length of the siphon is 500m and the summit is 3m
above the water level in the upper reservoir. The length of the pipe from
upper reservoir to the summit is 100m. Determine the discharge through the
siphon and also pressure at the summit by neglecting minor losses and taking
coefficient of friction as 0.005. [8+8]

8. (a) A venturimeter has its axis vertical, the inlet and throat diameters being 150
mm and 75 mm respectively. The throat is 225 mm above inlet and k = 0.96,
petrol of specific gravity 0.78 flows up through the meter at a rate of 0.029
m3 /s. Find the pressure difference between the inlet and the throat.
(b) Explain the working procedure of Bourdon pressure gauge. [8+8]

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Code No: RR212101 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
MECHANICS OF FLUID
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Write a note on viscosity and compressibility.

(b) Calculate the velocity gradient at distances of 0,10,15 cm from the boundary
if the velocity profile is a parabola given by u =Ay 2 + By + C and with
the vertex 15cm from the boundary, where the velocity is 100 cm/sec. Also
calculate the shear stress at these points if the fluid has a viscosity of 8.2 poise.
[8+8]
2. (a) What are the methods available for describing the fluid flow? and explain
each method.
(b) A circular pipe 10 cm in diameter has 2 m length which is porous, In this
porous section the velocity of exit is known to be constant. If the velocities
at the inlet and outlet of the porous section are 2.0 m/sec and 1.2 m/sec
respectively, estimate (i) the discharge emitted out through the walls of the
porous pipe and (ii) the average velocity of this emitted discharge. [8+8]
3. (a) What are the body forces considered in fluid flow problems?
(b) A 15-cm diameter pipe is reduced to 7.5 cm diameter through a gradual con-
traction. The difference between the piezometric heads at the main and con-
tracted section is 4 cm of mercury. By neglecting losses calculate the discharge
of water. [8+8]
4. (a) What is meant by smooth boundary and a rough boundary?
(b) Describe briefly the phenomenon of boundary layer separation.
(c) At what wind speed must a 127 mm diameter sphere travel through water to
have a drag of 5 N. [4+6+6]
5. (a) Discribe area velocity relationship for compressible fluid
i)Subsonic (ii) Supersonic (iii) Sonic flow.
(b) A jet propelled air craft at 1500 Km/hr at sea level. Calculate Mach number
where the air temperature is 150 . [8+8]
6. (a) Sketch the Reynolds apparatus and explain how the laminar flow can be
demonstrated with the help of this apparatus.
(b) A viscous liquid was flowing in laminar regime in a 6 cm diameter circular
pipe. A pitot tube at a radial distance of 2 cm from the axis indicated a
velocity of 0.6 m/sec. Calculate the maximum velocity, the mean velocity and
the discharge in the pipe. [8+8]

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Code No: RR212101 Set No. 2
7. (a) Explain different laws of fluid friction in detail?
(b) A siphon of diameter 20cm connects two reservoirs having a difference in
elevation of 20m. The length of the siphon is 500m and the summit is 3m
above the water level in the upper reservoir. The length of the pipe from
upper reservoir to the summit is 100m. Determine the discharge through the
siphon and also pressure at the summit by neglecting minor losses and taking
coefficient of friction as 0.005. [8+8]

8. (a) A venturimeter is used for measuring the flow of petrol (G = 0.81) in a pipeline
inclined at 350 to the horizontal. The throat area ratio is 4. If the difference
in mercury levels in the gage is 50 mm, calculate the flow if the pipe dia is 30
m. Take Cd = 0.975. Take specific gravity of mercury as 13.6.
(b) Explain the working of Bourdon pressure gage with a sketch. [8+8]

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Code No: RR212101 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
MECHANICS OF FLUID
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Give an example each where air can be treated as an incompressible fluid and
water has to be treated as compressible fluid. Explain.
(b) The bulk modulus of water is 210 KN/cm2 . What pressure is required to
reduce its volume by 2%? Also prove that the increase in the mass density
will be 2% only. [8+8]

2. (a) Derive the continuity equation for 3-D fluid flow.

(b) A fluid flow field is given by
V = xyi + 2yzj − (yz + z2 )k
Determine whether this is a possible steady incompressible fluid flow. If so,
determine the valu of rotation at the point P (1,2,3). [8+8]

3. (a) Define the terms (i) Forced vertex flow (ii) Free vortex flow. Give suitable
examples.
(b) A rectangular duct of width 25 cm has a two dimensional irrotational flow.
It has an elbow made up of circular arcs of radius 40 cm and 65 cm for the
inner and outer walls respectively. Calculate the discharge per unit width of
the duct when the difference in pressure between outer and inner walls in the
elbow is 30 kPa. [8+8]

4. (a) What is meant by smooth boundary and a rough boundary?

(b) Describe briefly the phenomenon of boundary layer separation.
(c) At what wind speed must a 127 mm diameter sphere travel through water to
have a drag of 5 N. [4+6+6]

5. (a) What is the function of wind tunnel?

(b) What is meant by stagnation point. Explain [8+8]

6. (a) Prove that the boundary shear stress is directly proportional to the pressure
gradient and the boundary spacing for the case of laminar flow between parallel
flat plates when both the plates are at rest.
(b) What do you know about Couette flow? Explain. [8+8]

7. (a) ) What is siphon? On what principle it works? Under what conditions would
it stop functioning?

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Code No: RR212101 Set No. 3
(b) A horizontal pipe of diameter 50cm is suddenly contracted to a diameter of
25cm. The pressure intensities in the large and smaller pipe are given as
13.734N/cm2 and 11.772N/cm2 respectively. If the rate of flow of water is
300lit/sec, find the value of coefficient of contraction [8+8]

8. (a) Explain venturimeter in detail with diagram. Also derive an expression for
finding out the actual discharge from a given venturimeter.
(b) What is the purpose of Hot wire Anemometers. Explain the working proce-
dure.. [8+8]

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Code No: RR212101 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
MECHANICS OF FLUID
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Write a note on viscosity and compressibility.

(b) Calculate the velocity gradient at distances of 0,10,15 cm from the boundary
if the velocity profile is a parabola given by u =Ay 2 + By + C and with
the vertex 15cm from the boundary, where the velocity is 100 cm/sec. Also
calculate the shear stress at these points if the fluid has a viscosity of 8.2 poise.
[8+8]

2. (a) Define and distinguish laminar and turbulent flows. Give two real fluid flow
examples of each. How are they distinguished in real fluid flow?
(b) For steady, incompressible flow, verify whether the following values of u and
v are possible:
i. u = 4 x y +y 2 , v = 6xy + 3x
ii. u = 2 x2 +y 2 , v =- 4xy and
iii. (x2−x
+y 2 )
, ν = (x2−y
+y 2 )
[8+8]

3. (a) What is momentum equation? Give applications of the equation.

(b) Water under a pressure of 345 kN /m2 is flowing through a 30 cm diameter
pipe at the rate of 0.25 m3 / s. If the pipe is bent by 1350 to the horizontal,
find the magnitude and direction of the resultant force on the bend. Neglect
losses. [8+8]

4. (a) What is meant by smooth boundary and a rough boundary?

(b) Describe briefly the phenomenon of boundary layer separation.
(c) At what wind speed must a 127 mm diameter sphere travel through water to
have a drag of 5 N. [4+6+6]

5. (a) What is the difference between isotropic and adiabatic flow.

(b) A gas velocity of 300 m/s is flowing through a horizontal pipe at a Section
where the pressure is 60 KN/m2 and temperature 400 C. The pipe changes
in diameter and at this section pressure is 90 KN/m2 if the flow of gas is
adiabatic find the velocity of gas at this section. [8+8]

6. (a) Prove that the boundary shear stress is directly proportional to the pressure
gradient and the boundary spacing for the case of laminar flow between parallel
flat plates when both the plates are at rest.
(b) What do you know about Couette flow? Explain. [8+8]

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Code No: RR212101 Set No. 4
7. (a) Explain the concept of flow through a long pipe along with a neat sketch.
(b) A main pipe divides into two parallel pipes which again forms one pipe. The
length and diameter for the first parallel pipe are 2000 m and 1.0 m respec-
tively, while the length and diameter of second parallel pipe are 2000 m and
0.8 m. Find the rate of flow in each parallel pipe if total flow in the main is
3.0cumecs. the coefficient of friction for each parallel pipe is same and equal
to 0.006. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain venturimeter in detail with diagram. Also derive an expression for
finding out the actual discharge from a given venturimeter.
(b) What is the purpose of Hot wire Anemometers. Explain the working proce-
dure.. [8+8]

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