UL: Electrical Safety Update DoE Meeting, Albuquerque, NM U.S.A.

Tom Childers & Jason Hopkins Special Advisory Services Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Camas, Washington U.S.A.

July 10, 2007

Agenda
Whats going on? A new On-line Capability - Easy to use, no charge - Great information: Guide Book & NEC data ULs Special Advisory Services - New & Unusual - Hazard-based Assessments and POA The Next Decade: Its all about ENERGY!
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So what is going on?

On-line Assistance via an On-Line Directory The New & Unusual Program A New and Unusual Example Summary

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So what is going on?

On-line Assistance via an On-Line Directory The New & Unusual Program A New and Unusual Example Summary

July 10, 2007

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All The Advantages

Customer Satisfaction Product Integrity Better Business Decisions Accelerated Process Special Advisory Services Promotes Standard Development Optimizes & Diversifies Staff Engineering Time Improved Tracking of Product Development
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Clearly Defined Rules & Regulations

July 10, 2007

So what is going on?

On-line Assistance via an On-Line Directory The New & Unusual Program A New and Unusual Example Summary

July 10, 2007

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Wind Turbine Manufacturers

GE Energy, Vestas, Gamesa, Suzlon, Enercon, Siemens, Clipper Wind, Goldwind, Xian Nordex & more about thirty LS-WTEGM 7,000 + wind turbines installed worldwide (07 +/- 8,500)
Commercial, Utility / Govt owned or operated

60 GW global generating ( 72 GW 07) / 10 GW in US ( 12 GW) Limited Available Certification

Use IEC standards that lack robust, up-to-date electrical shock, fire and HBSE / RISK requirements given diverse electrical rating ranges UL Classification program is pending the development of appropriate requirements

Minnesota #3 (< 1 k)

California #1 (3 k)

Texas #2 (2.4 k)
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Source: Renewable 2005, Martinot et al; ACORE

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Wind Energy Generating Capacity

Source: AWEA

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Large Scale WTG Technology Advancements

Source: AWEA

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Technology and Safety Issues Production of larger turbines

1-3.6 MW turbines have blade diameters of 60 to 115 m 3-blade rotor; a 3-stage gearbox is most common
Germanys Enercon produces a single-gear generator

5 MW turbines are the largest; three prototypes are functioning

Site (Terrestrial / Near or Far off-shore)

Large amounts of land required; permit and site issues Offshore wind farms have great potential (Denmark 160 MW)
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Putting It Into Perspective 1.5 MW Turbine

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Perspective

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1.5 MW Turbine
Pitch System

In-Line Heater Gear Box Brake

Generator Wind Vane Anemometer

Top Box

Slip Ring Yaw Drive Winch B u s D u c t

Wiring Harness

Color Key
Site 1 - USA Site GMBH

Cables and Interconnections

DTA

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Internal Diagram 1.5 MW Turbine

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Evaluation @ 1.5 MW - Specifications

Cut-in / out @ 4 & 25 m / s Rated WS @ 1.5 MW: 13 m / s RD: 70.5 m HA / 3-blade upstream Sweep Area: 3 904 m2 Tower: 100 m (1) WP Control: A dynamic blade / pitch control system

(7) Gearbox: A planetary three-step spur gear system

Wind Turbine System M / E Attributes

(2) Fail safe braking system with an e-mech individual blade pitch control system having a dynamic hydraulic parking brake

(6) Generator: Dual-fed 3 asynchronous (5) Yaw: EM system with wind C & D sensors; a PLC system with R / C and monitoring

(3) Noise suppression for blades, gearbox and e-generator

(4) Converter: PW-M, IGBT f-type s-s techno

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WTEG Dynamics
1. Wind Fuel: Wk = ( A V3 ) Betzs Theoretical Limit @ 59.3%
Wk = ( 3 904 m2 133 )

2. Wind Electric Power

Watts = 1/2 ( A V3 ) PW = ( 3 904 133 )

P W converted to M hp

W k = Wind Energy A = Area in m 2 V 3 = Velocity cubed ( kg / m 3 )

3. Refined Electric Power

PW = ( eff p 3 904 1.5 MW = ( 0.7 0.5 3 904 133 ) 133 )

4. Factors
rho ( ) = Coefficient of wind density ( eff ) = Coefficient of machine efficiency

( 70% typical efficiency rating ) (0.5 typical D-coefficient)

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Nacelle And Single Unit 1.5 MW Generator

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Working Space & Clearances

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2.5 MW Turbine - Integrated Lift / Modular Generator

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Wiring From Nacelle Through Tower

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Conductor Bundle and Raceway

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Typical Service Access Means 1.5 MW

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Lighting Protection

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Major Component / Standard / Requirement Strategy

Winch: UL 1340 (Article 610) In-line Heater: UL 499 - Electric Heating Appliances Generator Insulation System: UL1446 - Systems of Insulating Materials Bussway: IEEE C37.23 Metal Enclosed Bus (Article 368) Cartridge Heaters (for gearbox): UL1030 - Sheathed Heating Elements Generator: UL1004B (Article 445) Slip Ring: UL 508 (Article 670) Yaw Drive: UL 508 Gearbox: UL 508 Brake Assembly: UL 508 Anemometer: UL 508 DTA: UL1741 - Inverters, Converters, Controllers and Interconnection System Equipment for Use With Distributed Energy Resources Top Box: UL 508A (Article 409) Pitch Control: UL 508A (Article 700-702) Hub Components (other than Pitch): UL 508A Lightning Protection: UL 96 / 96A (Article 285 / NFPA 780, etc)
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Major Component / Standards/ Requirement(s)

Sub-assemblies: NFPA 70, NFPA 79, NFPA 70B Machine head Tower sections Hub Full Wind Turbine Electrical - OOI / NFPA 79 Fire - OOI / NFPA 79 Lightning Protection - UL 96, UL 96A, NFPA 780, Annex O, UL 1449-3rd Ed., IEC 62305 series, IEC TR61400-24, Germanischer Lloyd-Guideline for Wind Turbines 2003-IV-8-9 Mechanical - IEC 61400-2 Short Circuit UL 891 - Deadfront Switchboards (Article 408) Grid interconnection FERC / Power Purchase Agreements / Local, State Utility or Public Utility Commission / UL 1741 Sub-assembler concerns - IPI related, OEM Classification vs Listing OOI, UL Standards, NFPA 79, IEC 61400-2, etc UL Field Evaluations (various UL Standards, NEC, HBSE, Functional Safety)
July 10, 2007

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So what is going on?

On-line Assistance via an On-Line Directory The New & Unusual Program A New and Unusual Example Summary - and Thank You Very Much!

July 10, 2007

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