Topic/Title:Solvingsystemsofequationswithgraphingandsubstitution GradeLevel:AlgebraI/8thGradeMathematics Materials Graphingcalculators Viewscreenwithprojector notebook CoreStandards Content Grade8Mathematics Introduction 1.Studentsuselinearequationsandsystemsoflinearequationstorepresent,analyze,andsolveavariety ofproblems.Studentsrecognizeequationsforproportions(y/x=mory=mx)asspeciallinearequations (y=mx+b),understandingthattheconstantofproportionality(m)istheslope,andthegraphsarelines throughtheorigin.Theyunderstandthattheslope(m)ofalineisaconstantrateofchange,sothatifthe inputorxcoordinatechangesbyanamountA,theoutputorycoordinatechangesbytheamountmA.

mA. Studentsalsousealinearequationtodescribetheassociationbetweentwoquantitiesinbivariatedata (suchasarmspanvs.heightforstudentsinaclassroom).Atthisgrade,fittingthemodel,andassessingits fittothedataaredoneinformally.Interpretingthemodelinthecontextofthedatarequiresstudentsto expressarelationshipbetweenthetwoquantitiesinquestionandtointerpretcomponentsofthe relationship(suchasslopeandyintercept)intermsofthesituation. Studentsstrategicallychooseandefficientlyimplementprocedurestosolvelinearequationsinone variable,understandingthatwhentheyusethepropertiesofequalityandtheconceptoflogical equivalence,theymaintainthesolutionsoftheoriginalequation.Studentssolvesystemsoftwolinear equationsintwovariablesandrelatethesystemstopairsoflinesintheplanetheseintersect,areparallel, orarethesameline.Studentsuselinearequations,systemsoflinearequations,linearfunctions,andtheir understandingofslopeofalinetoanalyzesituationsandsolveproblems. Expressions&Equations 8.EE

Understandtheconnectionsbetweenproportionalrelationships,lines,andlinearequations. 5.Graphproportionalrelationships,interpretingtheunitrateastheslopeofthegraph.Comparetwo differentproportionalrelationshipsrepresentedindifferentways.Forexample,compareadistancetime graphtoadistancetimeequationtodeterminewhichoftwomovingobjectshasgreaterspeed. Analyzeandsolvelinearequationsandpairsofsimultaneouslinearequations.

7.Solvelinearequationsinonevariable. a.Giveexamplesoflinearequationsinonevariablewithonesolution,infinitelymanysolutions,orno solutions.Showwhichofthesepossibilitiesisthecasebysuccessivelytransformingthegivenequationinto simplerforms,untilanequivalentequationoftheformx=a,a=a,ora=bresults(whereaandbare differentnumbers). b.Solvelinearequationswithrationalnumbercoefficients,includingequationswhosesolutionsrequire expandingexpressionsusingthedistributivepropertyandcollectingliketerms. 8.Analyzeandsolvepairsofsimultaneouslinearequations. a.Understandthatsolutionstoasystemoftwolinearequationsintwovariablescorrespondtopointsof intersectionoftheirgraphs,becausepointsofintersectionsatisfybothequationssimultaneously. b.Solvesystemsoftwolinearequationsintwovariablesalgebraically,andestimatesolutionsbygraphing theequations.Solvesimplecasesbyinspection.Forexample,3x+2y=5and3x+2y=6haveno solutionbecause3x+2ycannotsimultaneouslybe5and6. c.Solverealworldandmathematicalproblemsleadingtotwolinearequationsintwovariables.For example,givencoordinatesfortwopairsofpoints,determinewhetherthelinethroughthefirstpair ofpointsintersectsthelinethroughthesecondpair. Statistics&Probability 8.SP

3.Usetheequationofalinearmodeltosolveproblemsinthecontextofbivariatemeasurementdata, interpretingtheslopeandintercept. ISTENETStandards

1.CreativityandInnovation
Studentsdemonstratecreativethinking,constructknowledge,anddevelopinnovativeproducts andprocessesusingtechnology. a.Applyexistingknowledgetogeneratenewideas,products,orprocesses c.Usemodelsandsimulationstoexplorecomplexsystemsandissues

5.DigitalCitizenship
Studentsunderstandhuman,cultural,andsocietalissuesrelatedtotechnologyandpractice legalandethicalbehavior. a.Advocateandpracticesafe,legal,andresponsibleuseofinformationandtechnology b.Exhibitapositiveattitudetowardusingtechnologythatsupportscollaboration,learning,and productivity

6.TechnologyOperationsandConcepts
Studentsdemonstrateasoundunderstandingoftechnologyconcepts,systems,andoperations. a.Understandandusetechnologysystems b.Selectanduseapplicationseffectivelyandproductively

Objectives: 1.Studentswillanalyzeeachcomponentinalinearequation. 2.Studentswillsolvesinglelinearequations. 3.Studentswillusegraphstosolvemultiplelinearequations. 4.Studentswillbeabletousesubstitutiontosolvesystemsofequations. IntroductiontoActivity Tellstudentsthattodayslessonwillbecontinuingtoworkwithsystemsofequations.Thenewmethods thattheywillbelearningaregraphingandsubstitution.Theywillbegiventheopportunitytoexploreboth methodsbyusingtraditionalgraphpaperandgraphingcalculators,aswellasdigitallywiththeonline resourcesthatIhaveprovidedonmywebsite. ProvideInformation Thefollowinginformationwouldbeneededforthestudentstosucceedinthelearningactivity.The informationincludesdefinitionsandexamples. Thefollowingdefinitionswhichareimportantforstudentstoknowtosolveandidentifysystemsof equations: yintercept:thebvalueofanequation,wherethegraphcrossestheyaxis slope:themvalueofanequation,riseoverrun

Thefollowingexamplesareforstudentstopracticetheuseofthedefinitionsandusingthestandard equationforlines. 3y6=x(y=1/3x+2)yint=2,slope= 4x=2y+4(y=2x2)yint=2,slope=2 3y+7=3x+10(y=x+1)yint=1,slope=1

Thestudentswillthenbeintroducedtothefollowingdefinitionsneededtofindthenumberofsolutionsfor eachsystemofequations. numberofsolutions:onesolution,infinitesolutions,nosolution onesolution:equationsintersect infinitesolutions:equivalentequations nosolution:parallelequations,slopesfrombothequationsareequal

Theexamplesbelowdepictthedifferentsolutionsforeachsystemofequations. (OneSolution) 2x3y=2 4x+y=24 ProvidePractice Throughttheintroductionofthelessonthereareguidedpracticeequationsandthenstudentswillbegiven aguidednotessheetthathasexampleproblemsforthemtouseapracticewiththegraphsketch.com resource.Therewillalsobehomeworkproblemsassignedforindividualpractice. ProvidingKnowledgeofResults(Assessment) Immediate: Thegroupswillbeobservedwhiletheyareplayingthegame.Bycirculatingtheroomandlisteningto differentconversations,itshouldbeevidentifthereisanunderstandingofhowtousegraphingand substitution.Also,throughthediscussionattheendofclass,itshouldbeclearonwhethertheconnections weremadeornot.Ifthereisconfusionamonggroupsorcertainconnectionswerenotmadethenthere needstochangesmadetothelesson. LongRange: Withinthenexttwoclasses,therewillbeashortquiztoevaluatewhetherindividualstudentsunderstand thesolvingsystemsofequationsthroughgraphingandsubstitutionwithlinearequations.Fromthequizit willbeevidentifwecontinuetothenextlessonorifthereneedstoareview.Thestudentsneedto understandtherelationshipinordertobesuccessfulfurtheron.AnticipatorySet Toreviewthepreviouslesson,studentswilluseanonlinesourcetopracticetheirknowledgeonsolving singlelinearequations(http://www.mathplay.com/SystemofEquationsGame.html) (InfiniteSolution) y36=9x 3x+y/3=12 (NoSolution) 2y=x+2 4x+2y=6

LearningActivity: Beforestartingthenewlesson,Iwillcheckinwithstudentsonhowthegamewasforthemandifwe needtoreviewafewthingsbeforemovingontothenexttopic.Ifneeded,therewillbetimeforashort review.Otherwisethelessonwillbeginwithafewnotesondefinitions,conceptsandexamples. Wewouldthengothroughthefollowingdefinitionswhichareimportantforstudentstoknowtosolveand identifysystemsofequations: yintercept:thebvalueofanequation,wherethegraphcrossestheyaxis slope:themvalueofanequation,riseoverrun

Oncethereseemstobeanunderstandingofthetwodefinitions,wewillgothroughthefollowingexamples forstudentstoputequationsintherightformandthengraphbasedontheinformationprovided. 3y6=x(y=1/3x+2)yint=2,slope= 4x=2y+4(y=2x2)yint=2,slope=2 3y+7=3x+10(y=x+1)yint=1,slope=1 Thestudentswillthenbeintroducedtothefollowingdefinitionsneededtofindthenumberofsolutionsfor eachsystemofequations. numberofsolutions:onesolution,infinitesolutions,nosolution onesolution:equationsintersect infinitesolutions:equivalentequations nosolution:parallelequations,slopesfrombothequationsareequal

Nextthestudentswillbeprovidedwithexamplesthatwilldepictthedifferentsolutionsforeachsystemof equations.Thefirstthreewillbegivenandtherestthatfollowwillbeopportunitiesforthestudentsto practice.Topracticeontheirown,thestudentswillusegraphsketch.comtosolvemultiplelinear equations. (OneSolution) 2x3y=2 4x+y=24 (InfiniteSolution) y36=9x 3x+y/3=12 (NoSolution) 2y=x+2 4x+2y=6

TheStudentswouldthenbegiventheopportunitytoworkthroughthepracticeproblemsthatareonthe dailyclassworksheet.Oncetheclassisdone,therewillbeachancetocheckinwiththeclass

understanding. Thelastpartofthelessonwouldbesubstitution.Againtheclasswoulddoafewexamplestogetherand thenthestudentswouldbreakofftodotheirownwork.(belowistheworksheetthatstudentswoulduse forthedailylesson). Homework: Tocontinuetheirpracticethestudentswillworkthroughthefollowingproblemsets.Thiswillalsoprepare themforthelessonthatwillfollowabouttherelationshipbetweenleadingcoefficients. Thestudentswillworkwithgraphingcalculators.Wewillstartwithgraphingthefirstdegreefunctionsy1 =1x+0,y2=2x+0andy3=4x+0.Thecalculatorswillneedtobesettosequentialmodesothaty1 willbegraphedfirst.Asthegraphsarerevealed,wewilldiscusstherelationshipbetweenthegraphsand theleadingcoefficientsforeachequation.Studentswillfollowasimilarprocessbychangingthe coefficientofxtobenegative. Nextwewillchangeeachequationtobethefollowingy1=1x+1,y2=2x+2andy3=4x+3.Students willdiscusshowthegraphshavechanged.Whatdoestheconstantexplainabouttheplacementofthe graph? Studentswillcontinuetoworkwiththeirgraphingcalculatorsbutwilltransitiontousingquadratic equations.Wewillchangetheequationsinourgraphstobey1=1x2+0x+0,y2=2x2+0x+0andy3= 4x2+0x+0.Withquadraticswehavethreecoefficientsthatweareworkingwith.Firstwewillexplore thechangeswiththefirstcoefficientbyusingbothpositiveandnegativevalues.Thegoalisforthe studentstorecognizewherethefirstcoefficientplacesthegraph.Thenwewillmakechangestothe secondcoefficienttobey1=1x2+2x+0,y2=2x23x+0andy3=4x2+5x+0andevaluatewherethose coefficientsplacethegraphs.Finallythelastcoefficientwillbechangedtobey1=1x2+0x+1,y2=2x2+ 0x4andy3=4x2+0x+6,andwewilldeterminetherelationshipbetweenthosevaluesandthechangein thegraph. TechnologyIntegration Thestudentswilluseanonlinegametoreviewthelessonfromthepreviousday (http://www.mathplay.com/SystemofEquationsGame.html)aswellasanonlinegraphing program(graphsketch.com)tofindthesolutionsforeachsystemofequations.Thestudentswillalsobe usinggraphingcalculatorstoexploretherelationshipbetweenthecoefficientsofthefunctionsandtheir graphswiththehomeworkset. QuestionsforUnderstanding Knowledge Whatisthegeneralequationforalinearfunction? Whatistherelationshipbetweenthegraphs,slopesandsolutions

Comprehension Createlinearequationsthecrossthroughcertainorderedpairs. Application Studentswillapplyconceptsintheirpracticeproblemsandhomework. Analysis Whatistherelationshipbetweentheequationsandthefunctionofthegraphes? Synthesis Whileworkingthroughpracticeproblems,studentsshouldseepatternsandpredictwhichequationswill intersect,beparallelorcreatethesameline. Evaluation Givenapointonthegraph,writealinearfunctionandaquadraticfunctionthatpassthroughthatpoint.

Throughoutthelesson,theNCTMStandardsforTeachingMathematicswillbeparamount,i.e., Thestudentswillbeengaginginworthwhilemathematicaltasksbothinclassworkandassignedwork.All assignedworkisrelevanttotheNYSstandardsandwillinvolverealisticapplications. Theteachersroleindiscoursewillbepositive,engaging,challenging,andinspiring. Thestudentsroleindiscoursewillbeencouraged,important,andmathematicalandwillfullysatisfythe communicationprocessstrand. Multipletoolsandmethodswillbeusedforenhancingdiscourseincludingmanipulatives,technologyand handsonactivities. Thelearningenvironmentwillconstantlybeonethatwillfostereachstudentsmathematicalpower. Studentswillbeencouragedandassistedinactiveproblemsolving,makingconnections,andin understandingandcreatingrepresentationswhileemployingstrongreasoningandproofskills. Theteacherwillengageinaconstantanalysisofteachingandlearningpreandpostlessonstoensure thatallobjectivesaremet.Strengthsofthelessonwillbeidentifiedaswellasareaswhichmayneed adjustment.