,ow "o %et -p A 'ractional Distillation Apparatus .ho .

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Estimated Set-up Time: 10 minutes

Introduction:
"he fractional distillation apparatus is an i!portant co!ponent necessary #wordiness here $when separating co!pounds using the !ethod of fractional distillation. %till need a definition of process. &any students in organic che!istry labs are asked to set up the distillation apparatus to separate co!pounds according to their boiling points. 'ro! here students are able to identify the various co!pounds in a !i(ture) however the !ain focus of this instruction !anual is to learn how to properly set up the fractional distillation apparatus. %o!e safety precautions include wearing a lab coat, goggles, gloves, and close toed shoes. *e!e!ber before you start working, to !ake sure that all the glassware is in good condition, not chipped or cracked. Also, always secure the glassware in a way that they won+t roll away or fall off the edge of your workstation.

Precautions: red is customary for caution (or yellow or orange)

Before working, put on a lab coat, goggles, gloves, and close-toed shoes. You are working with glassware that can possibly break! Check glassware for chips or cracks, if found replace with a new set. Always secure glassware so that it will not fall off your workstation Do not try to ad ust !ultiple glasswares at a ti!e because you do not have control over gravity and things fall easily!

&aterials need to cite your illustrations+ sources.

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;lace the two !etal stands side by side on your workstation. 0:2 092 082

032

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052

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0342

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"ake one of the water- acketed condensers. >ightly fill the inside with stainless steel wool to create the fractionating colu!n. ?f having trouble inserting the steel wool, use a spatula to push it into the condenser.

0372

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;osition the !agnetic stirrer in front of the left ring stand. ;lace the heating !antle on top of the !agnet stirrer. <nsure the heating !antle is evenly placed on the !agnetic stirrer.

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"ake a !etal cla!p. -nwind the screw by turning it counterclockwise. ?n this and previous step, you can co!bine bullets. @o need for the Atake an B.C steps.

"urn counterclockwise until a slit is created.

?nsert the !etal pole #of what/ "he stand/$ into the open slit "ighten the screw back by turning it clockwise. <nsure !etal cla!p is fir!ly attached to the stand.

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>oosen the head of the cla!p. -h-oh. ?+! lost. .hich cla!p/ "he sa!e one you were ust using/ Dr one of the other 3:/ @eed !ore pictures and details. ;lace fractionating colu!n inside head of the cla!p #what+s the AheadC/$. "ighten the head of the cla!p back up. <nsure the colu!n is being held tight enough so that it will not slip through the cla!p. *e!e!ber this is glassware so don+t tighten the screw too tightly or the glass will crack under the pressure!

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>oosen the top of the ther!o!eter adapter

?nsert the ther!o!eter until an inch of its tip is visible. At the botto!/ "op/ "ighten the adapter back up. ?nsert this #this what/$ into the top portion of the distillation head. <nsure ther!o!eter fits snuggly.

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"ake the piece fro! step 6. ?nsert piece into the neck of the fractionating colu!n.

'asten distillation head #what+s the head/$ to colu!n with a keck cla!p #clip/$ to hold it in place.

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Attach hoses to water condenser

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Connect condenser to the distillation head with a keck clip.

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%ecure #secure what/$ in place with the second !etal cla!p. &ay have to ad ust the position of the head to properly hold the condenser.

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Attach distilling adapter to end of condenser with a keck clip.

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;lace receiving flask right underneath the distilling adapter "o add height bring adapter and flask closer together, place flask on a flat stable ob ect, like a wooden bo( or book.

%"<; 39
;lace a distillation flask onto the heating !antle. <nsure flask is located right below the fractionating colu!n.

%ecure flask to fractionating colu!n with a keck clip.

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%et up of the fractional distillation apparatus is now co!plete!

$onclusion:

.ell done! You have successfully set up the apparatus for processes of fractional distribution. "hese processes provide essential guidance to help Drganic Che!istry students achieve separations of two ele!ents during the laboratories. Do not forget to double check if all the parts are attached tightly and that all the precautions have been taken accurately, then you are ready to go! @ow that you know how to set the apparatus up, you can start using it for the different laboratory duties it can be applied for. .e hope you find this !anual useful, concrete, and effective.

ElossaryF

istillation !las"F A round-botto! flask. #ir $ondenserF A tall condenser filled with steel wool that acts as the fractionating colu!n #helps separate the different co!pounds according to their boiling points.$ istilling adapterF "his adapter connects the distillation flask, the condenser, and the ther!o!eter. Also known as a Adistillation head.C %ater-&ac"eted $ondenserF ?s directly connected to the receiving flask. ,oses attached to the condenser are connected to the water supply. "he water flows in the lower hose connection and out the upper hose. 'ecei(ing flas"F "he container used to collect the condensed vapor, can be a round-botto! flask, an <rlen!eyer flask, a bottle, or a graduated cylinder. )eating mantleF An instru!ent used to heat the !i(ture present in the distillation flask, placed on top of !agnetic stirrer. *agnetic stirrerF An instru!ent used to stir the !agnetic stir bar that is in the distillation flask to stir the !i(ture. +ec" $lipF Yellow clasp that holds together the different parts of the set up. 'or e(a!ple, attaches at the head of the distillation flask and the air condenser and holds together *etal $lampF used to hold up and stabiliGe the apparatus to the stand.

*eference >istF
3. HAccessories for IontesJ Brand &icrofle(J &icroscale IitsFF.ater- acketed *eflu( Condenser..H Accessories for Kontes Brand Microflex Microscale Kits::Water-jacketed Fisher Scientific. @.p., n.d. .eb. 3 @ov. :439. KhttpFLLwww.fishersci.co!Leco!!LservletLfsproductdetailM3467:M=5:835MM-3M4N. :. HCondensers O .il!ad >abElass O *ight ;rice Che!icals.H Condensers | Wilmad Lab lass | !i"ht #rice Chemicals. @.p., n.d. .eb. 3 @ov. :439. KhttpFLLwww.rightpriceche!icals.co!Llaboratory-glasswareLcondensers-wil!ad.ht!lN. 9. HDistillation %et up.H Chemistr$. @.p., n.d. .eb. 3 @ov. :439. KhttpFLLwww.che!istry.s su.eduLstrausLD?%"?>>A"?D@P:4ht!sL'ractDist.ht!N. 8. H<relen!eyer 'lask.H Ama%on. @.p., n.d. .eb. 3 @ov. :439. KhttpFLLwww.a!aGonsupply.co!La!erican-educational-borosilicate-glasserlen!eyerLdpLB44A=<Q*%%N. 7. H,eating !antle with !agnetic stirrer !a(. :444 rp!, !a(. 874 RC O C&-A series <lectrother!al.H &eatin" mantle 'ith ma"netic stirrer. @.p., n.d. .eb. 3 @ov. :439. KhttpFLLwww.directindustry.co!LprodLelectrother!alLheating-!antles-!agnetic-stirrer=3748-647196.ht!lN. 6. H,ose - 'luids "ransferring %olution.H &ose - Fl(ids )ransferrin" Sol(tion. @.p., n.d. .eb. 3 @ov. :439. KhttpFLLhosepipes.blogspot.co!LN. =. HIeck &etal %tandard "aper Clip, %iGe :1, 6Lpack.H Keck Metal Standard )a*er Cli* Si%e +, - *ack. @.p., n.d. .eb. 3 @ov. :439. KhttpFLLwww.colepar!er.co!L;roductLIeckM&etalM%tandardM"aperMClipM%iGeM:1M6MpackL< .-46596-:4N. 5. HI eldahl Distilling "rap Adapter. 344!>, :8L84 Soints. >ab Elassware C"echElass.co!.H Kjeldahl .istillin" )ra* Ada*ter/ 011mL2 +3431 5oints/ Lab lass'are C)ech lass/com. @.p., n.d. .eb. 3 @ov. :439. KhttpFLLwww.ctechglass.co!Lctechad4:44449-p-:54.ht!lN. 1. H&Y&AE &agnetic %tirrers T A*" ;roGess- U >abortechnik E!b, U Co. IE V ,o!ogenisieren V Dispergieren V &ischen.H M6MA Ma"netic Stirrers 7 A!) #ro%ess- 8 Labortechnik mb& 8 Co/ K 9 &omo"enisieren 9 .is*er"ieren 9 Mischen . @.p., n.d. .eb. 3 @ov. :439. KhttpFLLwww.!iccra.co!L!y!ag-!agnetruhrerL/langWenN. 34. H*eco!!ended lab cla!p on Alibaba.co!.H Best Lab Clam*2 )o* lab "lass'are on Alibaba/com. @.p., n.d. .eb. 3 @ov. :439. KhttpFLLwww.alibaba.co!LproductsdirectoryLreco!!ended-lab-cla!p.ht!lN. 33. H*ing %tand <Xuip!ent.H Chemistr$ !in" Stands 8 :;(i*ment . @.p., n.d. .eb. 3 @ov. :439. KhttpFLLwww.ho!etrainingtools.co!Lring-stand-eXuip!entLcL3:9LN. 3:. H*ound-Botto! 'lasks - %ig!a-Aldrich Elassware Catalog.H Si"ma-Aldrich. @.p., n.d. .eb. 3 @ov. :439. KhttpFLLwww.sig!aaldrich.co!LlabwareLglassware-catalogLflasksround-botto!.ht!lN. 39. H%afety<!poriu!.co!F ;roduct Details.H Safet$:m*ori(m/com: #rod(ct .etails. @.p., n.d. .eb. 3 @ov. :439. KhttpFLLwww.safetye!poriu!.co!L?>;?M%iteL.eb;ages-%Ldetail.ht!/CE-3474-38N. 38. H"her!o!eter, Adapter, ?nlet O .il!ad->abglass O *ight;riceChe!icals.co!.H )hermometer2 Ada*ter2 <nlet | Wilmad-Lab"lass | !i"ht#riceChemicals/com . @.p., n.d. .eb. 3 @ov. :439. KhttpFLLwww.rightpriceche!icals.co!Lther!o!eter-adapterinlet.ht!lN. 37. H"her!o!eter-clip-art-7.H Best Cli* Art Blo". @.p., n.d. .eb. 3 @ov. :439. KhttpFLLbestclipartblog.co!L:7-ther!o!eter-clip-art.ht!lLther!o!eter-clip-art-7N.

>. Bruce <nglish 964

?nstruction &anual Assess!ent %heetY

@a!esF 3$ Do the instructions have a clear, appropriate title/ :$ Does the introduction to the instructions o o o %tate the purpose of the task/ Describe safety !easures or other concerns that readers should understand/ >ist necessary tools and !aterials/ Y<% Y<% Y<% @D @D @D Y<% @D

9$ Are the step-,y-step instructions o o o o o @u!bered/ <(pressed wL active, i!perative verbs/ %i!ple, clear, and direct/ %o!eti!es wordy <asy to followZcould you do this procedure using this guide/ "oo !any !issing details. Acco!panied by appropriate citations/ Y<% Y<% Y<% Y<% Y<% @D @D @D @D @D

8$ Are the graphics o o o o Appropriate and clear/ -sually Y<% @D >ocated near their corresponding te(t/ Y<% @D Acco!panied by descriptive captions/ Y<% @D Acco!panied by appropriate citations/ Y<% Yes for your steps #? like these$, no for your !aterials section. Add citation.

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7$ Does the conclusion o o ?nclude any necessary follow-up advice/ ?nclude, if appropriate, a troubleshooting guide/ Y<% Y<% Y<% @D @D

6$ ?s the !anual designed effectively, with adeXuate white space/ @D

YAssess!ent %heet, adapted fro! &arkel+s page 7=8

#ssessment -(er(iew (hint: start with a positi(e.what/s wor"ing here0): 1our pictures and design2format loo" e3cellent4 1ou/(e consistently created an easy to na(igate instruction manual for a comple3 procedure4 Some of your steps (see my comments on the I* itself) are missing details or e3planations to clarify the action you want the reader to ta"e4 1ou also can com,ine many of the ,ullets that say 5ta"e a 4 4 46 with the ,ullet that follows4 !or e3ample7 58nwind the screw of the metal clamp ,y turning 4 4 46 in step 94 :'# E: ;<