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3 445b 0515275 9
FLANGE: A Computer Program for the Analysis of Flanged Joints with Ring-Type Gaskets
E. C. Rodabaugh F. M. OHara, Jr. S. E. Moore
Printed in the United States of America. Available from National Technical Information Service U.S. Department of Commerce 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 221 61 Price: Printed Copy $7.75; Microfiche $2.25
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. Neither the United States nor the Energy Research and Development Administration, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.
ORNL - 5 035
YRC-1,
-5
Re a c t o r Division
FLANGE: A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR THE ANALYSIS OF FLANGED JOINTS WITH RING-TYPE GASKETS
E . C. Rodabaugh Battelle-Columbus L a b o r a t o r i e s
F. M. O'Hara, Jr. S. E . Moore Oak Ridge N a t i o n a l Laboratory
JANUARY 1976
(OR N L
S u b c o n t r a c t No. 2913
for
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 Operated by 3 4456 0535275 9 UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION for the U. S. ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION
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1
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4 7 7
3.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equations for the Annular Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equations for the Tapered Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equations for the Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boundary Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boundary Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Displacements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . FLANGE WITH A STRAIGHT HUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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26 27
7 . CHANGE IN BOLT LOAD WITH PRESSURE. TEMPERATURE. AND EXTERNAL MOMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analysis External
8.
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36 37 37 41
28
Option Control
COMPUTER PROGRAM
. . . . . . . . . . . Input for General Purpose Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . Output from General Purpose Calculations . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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39 43
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iv
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Examples of Application of Computer Program FLANGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flowcharts and Listing of Computer Program FLANGE and Attendant Subroutines . . . . .
52
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FOREWORD The work reported here was performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Division, Subcontract No. 2913 as part of the ORNL Design Criteria for Piping and Nozzles Program, S. E. Moore, Manager. This program is funded by the Division of Reactor Safety Research (RSR) of the U.S. industry to develop and verify analytical methods for assessing the
project engineer is E. K. Lynn. The cooperative effort is coordinated Council under the Subcommittee on Piping, Pumps, and Valves. through the Pressure Vessel Research Committee of the Welding Research
prior years by the Division of Reactor Research and Development, U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration (formerly the USAEC). 1. W. L. Greenstreet, S. of Piping Components, Code Writing Bodies," Mechanical Engineers, 2.
The study described in this report was conducted under the general
E. Moore, and E. C. Rodabaugh, "Investigations Valves, and Pumps to Provide Information for ASME Paper 68-WA/PTC-6, American Society of New York, Dec. 2, 1968.
3. E. C. Rodabaugh, Phase Report No. 11s-1 on S t r e s s Indices for Small Branch Connections w i t h ExternaZ Loadings, ORNL-TM-3014 (August 1970). 4. E. C. Rodabuagh and A. G . Pickett, Survey Report on Structural Design of Piping Systems and Components, TID-25553 (December 1970). 5. E. C. Rodabaugh, Phase Report No. 115-8, S t r e s s e s in Out-of-Round Pipe Due to Interna2 Pressure, ORNL-TM-3244 (January 1971).
6.
S. E. Bolt and W. L. Greenstreet, "Experimental Determination of Plastic Collapse Loads f o r Pipe Elbows," ASME Paper 71-PVP-37, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York May 1971.
vi 7.
G . H. Powell, R . W . Clough, and A . N . Gantayat, " S t r e s s A n a l y s i s o f B16.9 Tees by t h e F i n i t e Element Method," A S M E Paper 71-PVP-40, American S o c i e t y o f Mechanical E n g i n e e r s , N e w York, May 1971.
8. J . K . Hayes and B. R o b e r t s , "Experimental S t r e s s Analysis o f 24-Inch Tees," A S M E Paper 71-PVP-28, American S o c i e t y o f Mechanical Engineers, New York, May 1971.
9. J . M . Corum e t a l . , "Experimental and F i n i t e Element S t r e s s A n a l y s i s o f a T h i n - S h e l l C y l i n d e r - t o - C y l i n d e r Model," A S M E Paper 71-PVP-36, American S o c i e t y o f Mechanical Engineers, New York, May 1971.
W . L . G r e e n s t r e e t , S . E . Moore, and J . P . C a l l a h a n , - S e c o n d AnnuaZ Progress Report on S t u d i e s in Applied S o l i d Mechanics (Nuclear S a f e t y ) , ORNL-4693 ( J u l y 1971).
10.
11.
J . M. Corum and W . L . G r e e n s t r e e t , "Experimental E l a s t i c S t r e s s A n a l y s i s of C y l i n d e r - t o - C y l i n d e r S h e l l Models and Comparisons w i t h T h e o r e t i c a l P r e d i c t i o n s , ' ' Paper No. G2/5, F i r s t I n t e r n a t i o n a l Conference on S t r u c t u r a l Mechanics i n Reactor Technology, B e r l i n , Germany, S e p t . 20-24, 1971.
R . W . Clough, G . H. Powell, and A . N . Gantayat, " S t r e s s A n a l y s i s o f B16.9 Tees by t h e F i n i t e Element Method," Paper No. F4/7, F i r s t I n t e r n a t i o n a l Conference on S t r u c t u r a l Mechanics i n Reactor Technology, B e r l i n , Germany, S e p t . 20-24, 1971.
12.
13.
R . L . Johnson, Photoelastic Determination o f S t r e s s e s i n ASA B16.9 Tees, Research Report 71-9E7-PHOTO-R2, Westinghouse Research Laboratory (November 1971).
E . C . Rodabaugh and S. E . Moore, Phase Report No. 115-10 on Comparisons o f T e s t Data w i t h Code Methods for Fatigue Evaluations,
14.
15.
W . G . Dodge and S. E . Moore, S t r e s s I n d i c e s and F l e x i b i l i t y Factors f o r Moment Loadings on Elbows and Curved Pipe, ORNL-TM-3658 (March 1972). J . E . Brock, E l a s t i c Buckling of Heated, Straight-Line Piping Conf i g u r a t i o n s , ORNL-TM-3607 (March 1972). J . M . Corum e t a l . , Theoretical and E x p e r h e n t a l S t r e s s Analysis o f ORNL Thin-She22 Cy Iinder-to-Cy Zinder Model No. I , ORNL-4553 (October 1972). W. G . Dodge and J . E . Smith, A Diagnostic Procedure for t h e Evaluation of S t r a i n Data from a Linear E l a s t i c T e s t , ORNL-TM-3415 (November 1972).
16.
17.
18.
vi i
19. W. G. Dodge and S. E, Moore, "Stress Indices and Flexibility Factors f o r Moment Loadings on Elbows and Curved Pipe," Welding Research Council B u l l e t i n 179, December 1972.
20. W. L. Greenstreet, S. E. Moore, and J. P. Callahan, Third Annua% Progress Report on S t u d i e s i n Applied Solid Mechanics (fluclear S a f e k y ) , ORNL-4821 (December 1972). 21. W. G. Dodge and S. E. Moore, ELBQW: A Fortran Program f o r t h e Calculation of S t r e s s e s , S t r e s s Indices, and F l e x i b i l i t y Factors for Elbows and Curved Pipe, ORNL-TM-4098 (April 1973). 22 * 23.
W. G. Dodge, Secondary S t r e s s Indices f o r Integral Structural Attachments t o S t r a i g h t Pipe, ORNL-24-3476 (June 1973). A l s o in Welding Research Council BuZletin 198, September 1974. E. C. Rodabaugh, W. G. Dodge, and S. E. Moore, S t r e s s Indices a t Lug Supports on Piping Systems, OKNL-'TM-4211 (May 1974). Also in Welding Research Council B u l l e t i n 198, September 1974.
24. W. L. Greenstreet, S. E. Moore, and J. P. Callahan, Fourth Annual Progress Report on S t u d i e s i n Applied S o l i d Mechanics (Pressure V e s s e l s and Piping System Components), ORNL-4925 (July 1974). 25. G. H. Powell, F i n i t e Element Analysis of E l a s t i c - P l a s t i c Tee Joints, ORNL-Sub-3193-2 (UC-SESM 74-14), College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley (September 1974). 26. R. C. Gwaltney, CURT-11 - A Computer Program f o r Analyzing Curved Tubes or Elbows and Attached Pipes w i t h Symmetric and Unsyrrunetric Loadings, ORNL-TM-4646 (October 1974) . 27.
28.
E. C. Rodabaugh and S. E. Moore, S t r e s s Indices and F l e x i b i l i t y Factors f o r Concentric Reducers, ORNL-TM-3795 (February 1975).
D. R. Henley, T e s t Report on Experimental S t r e s s Analysis of a 24 Inch Diameter Tee (ORNL T - 1 3 ) , ORNL-Sub-3310-3 (CENC 1189 , C o m bustion Engineering, Inc. (March 1975).
29.
D. R. Henley, T e s t Report on Experimental S t r e s s Analysis o f a 24 Inch D i m e t e r Tee (ORNL T-12), ORNL-Sub-3310-4 (CENC 1237 , Combustion Engineering, Inc. (April 1975). D. R. Henley, T e s t Report on Experimental S t r e s s Analysis of a 24 Inch Diameter Tee (ORNL T - 2 6 ) , ORNL-Sub-3310-5 (CENC 1239), Combustion Engineering, Inc. (June 1975).
30.
31. R. C. Gwaltney, S. E. Bolt, and J. W . Bryson, Theoretical and Experimental S t r e s s Analysis of ORNL Thin-Shell Cylinder-to-CyZinder Model 4 , ORNL-5019 (June 1975).
viii
32.
R . C. Gwaltney, S . E . B o l t , J . M. Corm, and J . W . Bryson, Theoretical and Experimental S t r e s s Analysis of ORNL Thin-Shell Cplinder-to-Cylinder Model 3, ORNL-5020 (June 1975) .
33.
34.
E. C . Rodabaugh and S . E . Moore, S t r e s s Indices for ANSI B16.11 Standard Socket- W e l d i n g F i t t i n g s , ORNL-TM-4929 (August 1975) .
R . C . Gwaltney, J . W . Bryson, and S . E . B o l t , Experimental and Finite-Element Analysis o f ORNL Thin-Shell Model No. 2, ORNL5021 (October 1975).
1.
INTRODUCTION
Purpose and Scope bolted flange connections with ring-type gaskets based on a stress The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codel gives rules for designing
ring. The Code rules, however, do not require that stresses due to cusses such stresses.
graphs for calculating stresses due to a moment applied to the flange internal pressure be taken into account, although Ref. 2 briefly disThe computer program FLANGE was written to calculate not only the
stresses due to moment loads on the flange ring but also stresses due to hub and ring; and stresses due to the variations in bolt load that internal pressure; stresses due to a temperature difference between the
differential equations for thin plates and shells rather than on the strain-energy method used by Waters et al.2 loading calculated by the two methods are essentially identical for
hub, straight, and blind flanges. The analysis method is based on the The stresses due to moment
The nomenclature used in this r e p o r t is identified in the remainder In Chapter 2 a description of the general model of
provided.
Chapters 3 , 4, and 5 for tapered-hub, straight hub, and blind flanges, respectively. In Chapters 6 and 7, these expressions are extended to include the effects of thermal gradients and variations in bolt loads.
The computer program FLANGE is described in the last chapter of this and its subroutines are included as appendices.
2
Nomenc 1a t u r e a = o u t s i d e r a d i u s of r i n g
%
B
A = 2a = o u t s i d e d i a m e t e r of r i n g
=
2b = i n s i d e d i a m e t e r of r i n g
C = 2c = b o l t - c i r c l e diameter
C. = constant o f i n t e g r a t i o n
C!
1
D = ~ t 3 / 1 2 ( 1- ~ 2 )
= C./b
I
'ij
E E
= c o n s t a n t s of i n t e g r a t i o n ( b l i n d - f l a n g e a n a l y s i s )
E = E
= modulus o f e l a s t i c i t y of b o l t m a t e r i a l
= modulus o f e l a s t i c i t y o f g a s k e t
=
= modulus of e l a s t i c i t y o f f l a n g e material
6 f
material
go = w a l l t h i c k n e s s of p i p e gl = wall t h i c k n e s s of hub a t i n t e r s e c t i o n w i t h r i n g
g
G
= =
h = l e n g t h of t a p e r e d - w a l l hub
K = a / b = A/B
R O = b o l t length
M = t o t a l moment a p p l i e d t o r i n g , i n . - l b M . o r M . . = moment r e s u l t a n t s , i n . - l b / i n .
p = internal pressure
P. = shear resultants, lb/in.
1
11
p* =
= r a d i a l coordinate, ring
t = ring thickness
tX
hub thickness
vo
r V w
= ASME = = =
W,
W,
=
= =
x1
0,
= (g1
= [3(1
- v2)/b2g:l1j4
b '
E
n
5
= 2~(4J/a)~ = /nondimensional ~ = =
coefficient of thermal expansion, gasket material Poisson's ratio (0.3 used herein)
=
x/h
p =
g,/g,
t = tangential (ring)
r = radial (ring)
= =
membrane
bending
4J
=
+
inside surface of the pipe or hub on the gasket-face side of ring (l/a)
=
nondimensional parameter
Fig. 1. The three parts involved are the pipe, hub, and ring, respectively. The analysis presented here is based on the theory of thin
plates and shells. The pipe is considered to be a uniform-wall-thickness cylindrical shell with midsurface radius b. radius b. a linearly variable-wall-thicknesscylindrical shell with midsurface stant thickness t, inside radius b y and outside radius a. The hub is considered to be
The effects
Three different types of loadings on bolted flanges are considered: 1. Bolt load, represented by W in Fig. 1.
=
moment M applied to the flange ring is converted into an equivalent bolt in the ASME Code calculation meth0d.l
2.
3.
In application, the
pipe and the hub are assumed to be at the same uniform temperature. The different from that of the pipe o r hub. ring is also assumed to b e at a uniform temperature, which may be
These constants are evaluated by the usual discontinuity analysis method boundaries. After numerical values are determined for the constants,
the algebraic equations provide the means for computing the stresses and assumption is made that the bolt load W does not change with pressure or a function of these loadings. Because the relations are linear, it is
-90
---tu4
PIPE
Ar W
0
f
t
ur
used for straight-hub flanges is a simplification of the tapered-hub case in that only two parts are involved, the pipe and the ring.
are not determined by the theory. Displacements, however, are represented fairly accurately.
ring represent only the gross loading effect; detailed local stresses
3.
basic shell/plate equations for the ring, the hub, and the pipe. late the stresses and displacements.
then inspect the boundary conditions, compute the constants, and calcu-
Equations for the Annular Ring plate given by Timoshenko3 is The basic differential equation for the displacement w of a circular
Equation (1) can be integrated to give a relation for the displacement in terms of arbitrary constants:
Et3/12(l
Poissons ratio.
...,
C7(2r in r
r)
2C8r +
c9
r3q + r 16D
(3)
d2w -dr2
C7(2 Rn r
3) + 2C8 -
cg
3r2q + -, r2 16D
(4)
and
d3w -
dr
- c7
i t ) +2C g + 3rq L r
r3
8~
M
and
=-D
d2w
~
v d w - I
dr2
r dr)
and C7[2(l + v ) R n r
+
(1
+ 3v)l
+ C8[2(l + v ) ]
i s g i v e n by
$1/2
(Clbl
+ C2b2 +
C3b3
C4b4) +
1 + a<
>
where P*
= [l
- (v/2)]bp/goE.
+
and
h2(1 + aE)3
2ba2P*
(13)
The bn 's used in Eqs. (11) through (14) are modified Bessel functi0r.s defined in Table 1, which gives equations f o r of argument n = 2y ($/a) n
=
A solution to an equation that is essentially the same as Eq. (10) is given by Timoshenko,3 who credits the original solution to G. Kirchoff in 1879.
10
T a b l e 1.
na
b3
ker'
b4 = k e i ' b5 = b6 = b7 =
n
r)
r)
-n
bei
- 2 ber' n
2 bei'
Q
ber kei
-n
n n
-
2 ker' q 2 k e i ' rl
b8 = rl k e r
bg = 4n b e i rl b l o = -4n b e r b l l = 4n k e i b12 = -40 k e r b13 = - q 3 b e r b14 = - n 3 b e i b15 = - n 3 k e r b16 = - q 3 k e i b17 = - n b e r b18 = b1q = b20 =
-1
8 b e r ' rl +
n2
+
bei'
r)
8 bei'
n2 n2
-
ber'
0
n
n
+ +
8 ker'
8 kei'
n n
n
IT
q2 k e i '
kerf
r)
n
n
24n b e i
24n b e r
n -
n
n
2411 k e i 24n k e r
r)
n - 8n2 b e r '
17
+ 8q2 k e i ' 17
n
-
n -
4 8 k e i ' q - 8q2 k e r f q
+ 2 beif
n n
2 ber'
rl
-n -n
+ 2 kei'
n n
n -
2 ker'
11 Equations for the Pipe cylindrical shell with uniform wall thickness is: The basic differential equation for the radial displacement u1 of a
= bP*.
Hence, C11
C1,
= 0.
and
Boundary Conditions
C2,
...,
12
f o r i n t e r n a l p r e s s u r e loading) i s t h a t t h e displacement o f t h e hub e q u a l s t h e displacement of t h e s u r f a c e of t h e r i n g where i t j o i n s t h e hub. Boundary-condition e q u a t i o n s f o r b o t h of t h e s e a l t e r n a t i v e s a r e [See Eqs. ( 2 0 - S ) . ] In E q . (20-5b) a p o s i t i v e provided i n Table 2 . a d j a c e n t t o t h e hub.
,'
where k = a / b .
In t h i s e x p r e s s i o n , i t i s assumed t h a t i n a d d i t i o n t o
around t h e i n n e r edge of t h e r i n g .
i n t e r n a l p r e s s u r e p , t h e s h e a r r e s u l t a n t P I i s uniformly d i s t r i b u t e d
...,
Clo) i n terms of
t h e dimensions, P o i s s o n ' s r a t i o , and t h e l o a d s ( t o t a l b o l t l o a d W and After a l g e b r a i c manipulation, t h e equations are T h i s t a b l e p r o v i d e s t h e elements reduced t o t h e forms shown i n Table 3 .
f o r t h e m a t r i x e q u a t i o n [A]]CI + I B I = 0 , where t h e terms i n t h e c o e f f i c i e n t m a t r i x [A] a r e g i v e n under t h e headings of t h e corresponding c o n s t a n t s i n t h e cGlumn m a t r i x I C ( . t h e column m a t r i x noted.
1.
IB I .
The l o a d i n g p a r a m e t e r s c o n s t i t u t e
2.
The r a d i a l expansion of t h e r i n g u
i s d e f i n e d i n Eq. ( 2 1 ) .
13
4-1
a4 fd
M
.rl
a ,
P
-0
-7
0
c u
c
u
a ,
u
k
a ,
m
. I
a ,
v.
c
.d
e
.ri
rn
-0 0
.rl
5 5
.d
c
3 5 k
Lo
a ,
n
i
v N v N
0 0
I I
N
n
Er)
a
.d
c
v
ci
a,
+J
a ,
4-l 0
0 0
n
L . 2
x
3
'L
0 II
I1
a
x
3
x
- 3
c rn
v
a ,
3
I1
c
0 I1
h
u
0 II 0 I1
a ,
r:
u
v
rn
v
. i
m a
vi
c
0
T a b l e 3.
M a t r i x c o e f f l c i e n t s o f t h e discontinuity e q u a t i o n s U f o r a f l a n g e w l t h a t a p e r e d - w a l l hub
Load~ ng
.___
(20-2)
b :
(20-7)d
h i + Usb;,
biO
Usbix
bil
Usbig
biz
ush&
u,[2(1 (3
+
V)
en h
U6[2(1
v)]
-U6
2
h-
8qt/2P'/~
(20-8) (20-9)
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
0
bz i n b
2 ( 1 - v ) an a
+
b2
2 ~ + 1 v)
Yn h
-(I - ")/a2
1.0
(3
(20-10)
1.0
3 ( 1 - v'IM - 2 n i t 3 ( a - h)
5 h e s e e q u a t i o n s a r e i n t h e form [ A ] ( C I t h e column m a t r i x o f l o a d i n g p a r a m e t e r s .
15
3.
The ASME Code s t r e s s - c a l c u l a t i o n method u s e s a moment M , a p p l i e d t o t h e f l a n g e r i n g , r a t h e r t h a n a b o l t load W , where t h e c o r r e l a t i o n between M and W i s M = W(a - b ) . a n a l y s i s , however, E q . loading parameter M , r a t h e r than W . Stresses In t h e p r e s e n t
(20-10) from Table 2 i s used w i t h t h e
...,
C l o , t h e s t r e s s e s can be o b t a i n e d anywhere i n t h e
The
r = b) a r e :
a t t h e g a s k e t c e n t e r l i n e r a d i u s , g = G / 2 ; and
wC = ~ 7 c 2 t n c + cgc2 + c g i n c
a t the bolt-circle radius, c = C/2.
+ c ~ O
(47)
16
A J /O
. .
\ D
u
0
u
3 ti
h
I
m
D
wl
n
-9 N
u
U
r .
2 5z 0
. .
0 C
Y
W 0
1 Y O 2
. .
N
h
u
3 w J
C 0
0 i
, a
N
w 3
Ex
a , a
C ar
1
L
D h
17
4.
with a straight hub was obtained by using the previously given basic integration to be established; the boundary-condition equations are
obtained by letting go = g l , this would result in indeterminate quantities in the computer program. Therefore, the direct solution to the ring equations for only the pipe and the ring. There are s i x constants of
displayed in Table 5 [ E q . ( 4 8 ) ] .
are reduced to the matrix-equation form [A] IC[ + [ B I = 0, where the headings of the corresponding constants in the column matrix terms in the coefficient matrix [A] a r e given in Table 6 under the
Solving this set of equations for the six constants (C;, C i , C,, C,, C,, equations for the stresses in the pipe at the pipe-to-ring juncture and derived for the flange with a tapered hub (see Table 4). One can calculate the displacements w
C l o y identified in Table 6.
IC I .
and Clo) allows calculation of the stresses in the structure. The in the ring at the inner edge (r
=
and w
for a straight-hub
...,
Table 5. Equations for the boundary conditions for a straight-hub flange Hub-to-ring juncture Equation Di s p 1acements
(Ul)
=o = o
__ (W)r=b
Equation
=
Eq. No.
(48-4)'
Mrl = -Mho
+ -Pot
(48-3)
(48-5)
Q =
--21~r
(48-6)
lIFor an ASME-type calculation, Eq. (48-la) is used. e Axial displacements; ( w ) ~ = = ~ 0 is the reference point for all other axial displacements
a).
19
a
3
I
P P
+ *
w D
0
0
0
0
c
0
d
D
0
0
3
0
0 0
L
. i
I-'
I-'
k
\
N
m
c M 3 0
N
v
c
.r(
Id
P
\
IA
u
\
3 r .
I
D
3
r.
0
00
v
e,
0
ru
Id
k
%
m
0 0
N I - '
I
a
00
N
n 0
CI
.rl
0
1
m K
1 3
N
c
N
1 3
0
I-'
rd
m
n
\
n v
+J
rr)
00
m o M
U
N
N
m
>
I
D
+
"
I o
n
C
N
"
n
!
+
N
M .
ol K
U
3
rd
0
ol
c
1 3
N
+
c
(
v
I
<
re
Q C
0
F i
c
.r
>
ri
i-
X I
m 3 m
I
I
d
3
+ I
N \
E-
n
F -
X
m m
3
0
w m m
4
+
m 3
f m
N
0
N
v 3
n
3 I
m
U
co
3 9
n
I
N
v
c o w
n
,
U
u
53
n
U
v
c0
3
2
co
20
5.
BLIND FLANGES
A n a l y s i s Method Blind f l a n g e s ( o r f l a t heads) a r e modeled as shown i n F i g . 2 . general equations f o r a circular f l a t p l a t e are:3 The
w = Dlr2 R n r
+ D2r2 + D3
R n r + D 4 + r4p/64D
(49)
d2w - - D1(2 Rn r
dr2
3) + D2(2) - D 3 / r 2 + 3r2p/16D ,
and
d3w - - D1(2/r)
dr
+ D3(2/r3) + 3rp/8D
.
( s e e F i g . 2) a r e g i v e n
and
and t h e s h e a r i s g i v e n by dMr dr Mt - Mr
Q = - -
21
ORNL-DWG
75-4298
r = c TO u
CONS TA N TS :
D21iD22~D237D24
Fig. 2 .
F l a t - p l a t e a n a l y s i s model of a b l i n d f l a n g e o r cover p l a t e .
D , ,
are:
22
M
=
-D{D1[2(1
+ v) R n
(1
3v)l
D2[2(1
+ v)] + D3[(1
- v)/r2]}
(57)
- r2p/16(1 + 3v) ,
and
For a n a l y s i s , t h e p l a t e i s d i v i d e d i n t o t h r e e p a r t s as shown i n
Fig. 2. There a r e f o u r i n t e g r a t i o n c o n s t a n t s f o r each segment. The boundary-condition e q u a t i o n s used t o e v a l u a t e t h e s e c o n s t a n t s a r e shown i n Table 7. These boundary c o n d i t i o n s show t h a t 3 of t h e 1 2 c o n s t a n t s The s e t of simultaneous e q u a t i o n s t o be s o l v e d t o e s t a b l i s h Again, t h i s t a b l e p r e s e n t s
are zero.
Table 7. Equation
Boundary c o n d i t i o n e q u a t i o n s u s e d f o r b l i n d - f l a n g e a n a l y s i s Boundary c o n d i t i o n
No.
2 n r Q = n r 2 p f o r a l l o f Part 1 .
( d w / d r ) I = 0 a t r = 0.
'This g i v e s D11 = 0.
T h i s g i v e s D 1 3 = 0.
(w),
= 0 at r = g
(dw/dr)
= (dw/dr)
at r
g
This gives
(Q)II
= (W/2nr)
- (ng2p/2ng) a t r = g .
(For p r e s s u r e l o a d i n g , W = ng'p;
6
( w ) = ~ 0 ~at r = g
h e n c e D21 = 0 . )
7
8
9
(M,)
I = (M,) I I a t r = g
(dw/dr)I = (dw/dr)II a t r = g
(Q)III
(MJII
= 0. =
=
T h i s g i v e s D31 = 0 . at
= c
10
11 12
(Mr)III
0 at r = a
(wIII = (wIIII a t r = c
Table 8 .
Boundary e q u a t i o n s
f o r a blind flange
Coefficients of D.. 11
No.
3
D12
D14
D2 1
D22
D23
D24
D32
D33
D34
g2
1.0
0
0 0 0
0
2g in g 1.0 g2 Rn g 2 . 6 Rn g
+
+
0
g 2g
0
0
l/g
0 in g
0 0 0
1.0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 0 0
4
5
- 2g
0
0
0 0
0
0
6
7
g2
3.3
-2.6
0
2.6 2c 2.6
0
C2
-0.7/g2
l/c
0
- 2c
8
10
0
0
2c R n c + c 2.6 R n c + 3.3
0
0
0 0
-l/c
0 . 7/c2
0
0 0
-0.7/c2
0
-2.6 2.6
-C2
0
0 -1.0
11
0 0
-0.7 / a 2
-Rn c
12
c2 R n c
Rn c
1.0
0
IC1 is the
1 BI
= 0 , where [A]
i s t h e coefficient matrix,
r = c a r e g i v e n by
0
(5931
and
0
= i 6 M / t 2 = IEtMr/[2(1 - w 2 ) ] D
A t t h e c e n t e r of t h e f l a n g e (r = 0 ) ,
= M
= -DID,2[2(1
v)]>
A t t h e gasket ( r = g),
M and
= -D{D,2[2(1
+ v)]
+ g2p(3 + v ) / 1 6 D }
A t the bolt c i r c l e (r = c ) ,
and
25 D is p 1a c e me n t s
wC
D32c2
+ D33 R n
+ D34
(65)
26
6.
c o n s t a n t t e m p e r a t u r e i n t h e p i p e and hub t h a t may be d i f f e r e n t from t h e assumed c o n s t a n t t e m p e r a t u r e i n t h e r i n g and ( 2 ) a c o n s t a n t t e m p e r a t u r e i n t h e b o l t s t h a t may be d i f f e r e n t from t h e assumed c o n s t a n t t e m p e r a t u r e i n the ring. The s i g n i f i c a n c e o f t h e b o l t - t o - r i n g thermal g r a d i e n t s i s dependent upon t h e dimensional and m a t e r i a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of t h e f l a n g e d j o i n t and i s covered l a t e r i n Chapter 7 . The p i p e / h u b - t o - r i n g Table 3 . ring. temperature g r a d i e n t i s included i n t h e a n a l y s i s by an a p p r o p r i a t e change i n t h e " l o a d i n g parameters" shown i n W e d e f i n e A as t h e d i f f e r e n c e i n t e m p e r a t u r e between t h e pipe/hub and t h e r i n g ; A i s p o s i t i v e i f t h e pipe/hub i s h o t t e r t h a n t h e The r a d i a l expansion o f t h e t a p e r e d hub a t i t s j u n c t u r e w i t h t h e r i n g i s then:
i s t h e c o e f f i c i e n t of thermal expansion of t h e f l a n g e
as i n d i c a t e d i n f o o t n o t e e of
material.
The e f f e c t s of such a thermal g r a d i e n t a r e t a k e n i n t o account by adding (*/b) (bE A ) t o t h e e x i s t i n g terms i n t h e loading-parameter f column i n T a b l e 3 [Eqs. (20-Sa) and (20-Sb)]. The analogous term i s
a l r e a d y included i n Table 6.
27
7.
order to determine the residual bolt load in the joint, it is necessary to calculate the relative displacements of the parts when the joint is subjected to (1) initial bolt loading, ( 2 ) moment loading, ( 3 ) internal The object of the analysis is to determine the residual bolt load
A , and A'; (2) the component Tf, and Ti; (3) the flanged-joint dimensions; and
their nomenclature, with additions as necessary. Reference 6 covers only the effect of initial bolt loading and part of the influence o f
gradients is relatively simple and is covered below. The nomenclature used in this development is: inside diameter of ring
A = cross-sectional area of bolts or gasket
C E
=
=
modulus of elasticity
bolt-circle diameter
W = bolt load
gasket thickness
28
of the right-hand flange in Fig. 3); quantities without a prime are for the other flange. Analysis dissimilar flanges and their mode of deformation. When the bolts are bolt length is
R1 =
are for one of the flanges in a pair (e.g., T; refers to the temperature
v1
+ tl +
t; - 6 , - 6 ;
Fig. 3 . General case of two dissimilar flanges and their mode of deformation.
29
30
Eys. (70a--R) a r e f u r t h e r d e f i n e d a s
g2
in
qb2
-RO
VO
I n Eqs. (70a-R),
t h e term q f l i s a r o t a t i o n of t h e f l a n g e due t o a
u n i t moment l o a d , q i s a r o t a t i o n of t h e f l a n g e due t o a u n i t i n t e r n a l P p r e s s u r e ) and qt i s a r o t a t i o n of t h e f l a n g e due t o a u n i t t e m p e r a t u r e g r a d i e n t between t h e hub and t h e r i n g . The q u a n t i t i e s q f l , qp, and qt a r e o b t a i n e d from t h e f u n c t i o n a l e x p r e s s i o n
where hG = (C - G)/2, C i s t h e b o l t - c i r c l e d i a m e t e r , and G i s t h e g a s k e t c e n t e r l i n e diameter. t h e l o a d s A , P , and M. Values f o r t h e d i s p l a c e m e n t s wc(L) and w g (L) a r e o b t a i n e d from Eqs. (46) and (47) w i t h t h e a p p r o p r i a t e u n i t v a l u e s f o r
For q
condition. condition.
fl
t h e modulus o f e l a s t i c i t y used i s t h a t f o r t h e i n i t i a l
i n i t i a l and f i n a l e l a s t i c moduli; t h u s :
31
The nomenclature
used i n t h e s e e q u a t i o n s i s analogous t o t h a t used i n t h e ASME C0de.l The symbol H r e p r e s e n t s a l o a d , h r e p r e s e n t s a l e v e r arm, and M r e p r e s e n t s a moment. The term
i s t h e h y d r o s t a t i c end f o r c e ( i n pounds) on
t h e a r e a i n s i d e t h e f l a n g e , HG i s t h e g a s k e t load i n pounds, HT i s t h e d i f f e r e n c e between t h e t o t a l h y d r o s t a t i c end f o r c e and t h e h y d r o s t a t i c end f o r c e on t h e a r e a i n s i d e t h e f l a n g e , h D i s t h e r a d i a l d i s t a n c e i n i n c h e s from t h e b o l t c i r c l e t o t h e c i r c l e on which HD a c t s ( a s p r e s c r i b e d i n Table UA-50 o f t h e Code), h
d i s t a n c e i n i n c h e s from t h e b o l t c i r c l e t o t h e c i r c l e on which HT a c t s Symbols, C , B , G , g o , and p a r e d e f i n e d (as p r e s c r i b e d i n Table UA-50). e a r l i e r i n t h i s chapter. Again, a s u b s c r i p t 1 r e f e r s t o t h e i n i t i a l deformed s t a t e , a s u b s c r i p t 2 r e f e r s t o t h e f i n a l deformed s t a t e , and primed q u a n t i t i e s r e f e r t o t h e mating f l a n g e .
hT = [C
(G
+
+
B)/2]/2 B1)/2]/2
, ,
(c)
(d) (e>
( f>
h+ = [C - (G
hG = ( C - G ) / 2
HD2 = 4 B2p
71
HT2
= - ( G 2 - B2)p
IT
(h 1
32
M 1 = Wi hG = HG Ih G '
(R)
M
and
'
(m)
Mi
H' D2 h D '
H+2h+ + HG2hG
(n)
S u b s t i t u t i n g Eqs. (70a--R)
i n t o Eq. (69) g i v e s
'D2
- HT2)
I n o r d e r t o e l i m i n a t e M , and M 2 from Eq. ( 7 4 ) ' Eqs. (73L and m) a r e used; t h e s i x t h term on t h e r i g h t - h a n d s i d e of Eq. (74) t h e n becomes
C o l l e c t i n g terms c o n t a i n i n g
on t h e l e f t g i v e s :
2 hGqf2
(qb2
qg2
qgl
+ hG 2 qfi"1 '
+ T E V + g g o
qg2CHD2 + 3 2 )
33
and
Q,
qb2
qg2
h ~ q f 2 hGqi2
+
r'
- (T
42
g g o + TfEftO
T'E't' f f o
T E R ) b b o
hG - (qp Q2
q')p - hG - (qtA
Q2
q;c')
(76)
conditions, it is necessary to compute the flange moment M 2 or Mi. From Eq. (73m) and the definitions in E q s . (73a-k),
M,
7 4 P[B 2hD
( G 2 - B2)hT
- G2hG]
W2hG
Mi = t p
{(B'I2h;
[G2 - (B')2]h+
G2hG ] + W,hG
34
(78)
The residual bolt load, after internal pressure (acting in an axial on the attached pipes due to a shift in lever arms, is given by:
direction) has transferred the bolt load on the gasket to a tensile load
lever arms and the radial effect of pressure acting on the integral
The total effect of internal pressure due to both the shift in the
The residual bolt load due to a temperature difference between the hub and the ring is given by:
nomenclature, then all* of Eqs. (7Oa-9,) are valid except Eqs. (70f and
9,)
blind flange. If we designate the blind flange as that with the "primed" for 6; and 6 ; .
*For v2 it should be noted that HD2 equation is valid for blind flanges.
35
analysis. For blind-flange analysis, E q . (65) gives a value of w . here -wC is the equivalent of -w
c
+
0 in the
C'
where (-w ) is the axial displacement per unit total bolt load W. c w equation for W2 for a blind flanged joint is then: W Ql =-W,
42
The
+-(TEV
42
+ T E t ~f f O
+T'E'~' - T E E ) f f o b b o
hG - (qp Q2
q'lp
- -
hG
Q2
" A
(83)
gasket to a tensile load on the attached pipe due to a shift in the used is
In E q . (83) the primed values refer to properties of the blind flange. After the internal pressure has transferred the bolt load on the
lever arms, the residual bolt load for the case where a blind flange is
to a blind flange.
The combined effect of all of the above is also obtained from the
36
E x t e r n a l Moment Loading Up t o t h i s p o i n t , a l l l o a d s c o n s i d e r e d have been axisymmetric. f l a n g e d j o i n t s i n p i p e l i n e s , t h e r e i s one o t h e r s i g n i f i c a n t l o a d i n g ; t h a t i s , t h e bending moment imposed on t h e f l a n g e d j o i n t by t h e a t t a c h e d pipe.
To d i s t i n g u i s h t h i s from t h e l o c a l moments a p p l i e d t o t h e f l a n g e
For
M (e)
= F
COS
e , (e
= 0 a t t h e p o i n t of maximum
where 8 = a n g l e around t h e c i r c u m f e r e n c e
t e n s i l e s t r e s s i n t h e p i p e due t o t h e e x t e r n a l moment).
Since t h i s
M ( e ) w i t h t h e axisymmetric t e n s i l e f o r c e Fm
where S i s t h e bending s t r e s s i n t h e a t t a c h e d p i p e due t o t h e e x t e r n a l b moment. The change i n b o l t l o a d W i s t h e n o b t a i n e d by r e p l a c i n g p 2b w i t h p + p* i n Eqs. (79) and ( 8 4 ) . I t s h o u l d b e n o t e d t h a t t h i s e q u i v a l e n t p r e s s u r e i s i n c l u d e d o n l y i n Eqs. (79) and ( 8 4 ) and n o t i n E q .
(80)
*
37
8.
COMPUTER PROGRAM
o u t t h e c a l c u l a t i o n s according t o t h e analyses described i n t h i s r e p o r t . The program c a l c u l a t e s a p p r o p r i a t e l o a d s , s t r e s s e s , and d i s p l a c e m e n t s f o r t h e f l a n g e s , b o l t s , and g a s k e t s when t h e f l a n g e d j o i n t i s s u b j e c t e d t o i n t e r n a l p r e s s u r e , moment, and/or thermal g r a d i e n t l o a d i n g s ; t h u s , t h e program i s much more g e n e r a l t h a n t h a t needed o n l y t o d e t e r m i n e compliance w i t h t h e A S M E B o i l e r and P r e s s u r e Vessel Code. The program a l s o h a s t h e advantage o f i n t e r n a l l y computing t h e v a l u e s o f t h e Code v a r i a b l e s F , V , and f t h a t must o t h e r w i s e b e e x t r a c t e d manually from t h e c u r v e s g i v e n i n Code F i g s . UA-51.2, UA-51.3, and UA-51.6. computer program. The main f u n c t i o n o f t h i s c h a p t e r i s t o d e s c r i b e t h e i n p u t and o u t p u t f o r t h e v a r i o u s computational o p t i o n s a v a i l a b l e t o t h e u s e r . more d e t a i l e d i n f o r m a t i o n , t h e r e a d e r i s urged t o c a r e f u l l y s t u d y t h e examples g i v e n i n Appendix A where a f l a n g e d j o i n t , s e l e c t e d from API S t a n d a r d 605 (Ref. 8), i s a n a l y z e d . S e v e r a l sample problems a r e worked, Flowcharts and l i s t i n g s In the and t h e d a t a i n p u t and program o u t p u t a r e g i v e n f o r t h e v a r i o u s program o p t i o n s along w i t h a d i s c u s s i o n of t h e r e s u l t s . For Loose hubbed f l a n g e s , which a r e covered by t h e Code, however, a r e n o t covered by t h e
f o l l o w i n g s e c t i o n s , t h e i n p u t d a t a f o r o p t i o n c o n t r o l and t h e i n p u t d a t a and program o u t p u t f o r Code compliance c a l c u l a t i o n s and f o r more g e n e r a l c a l c u l a t i o n s are discussed. ODtion C o n t r o l Data Card The f i r s t c a r d o f each d a t a s e t , h e r e i n c a l l e d t h e o p t i o n c o n t r o l c a r d , c o n t a i n s c o n t r o l i n f o r m a t i o n f o r e x e c u t i o n o f t h e v a r i o u s program options. I t contains information specifying t h e type of f l a n g e being a n a l y z e d , t h e boundary c o n d i t i o n p l a c e d on t h e d i s p l a c e m e n t ( u ~ ) ~ = ~ , t h e s t r e s s e s and o t h e r v a r i a b l e s t o be c a l c u l a t e d , and t h e j o i n t conf i g u r a t i o n and which f l a n g e (of t h e p a i r ) i s t o be a n a l y z e d . These s p e c i f i c a t i o n s a r e under c o n t r o l of t h e f o u r v a r i a b l e s ITYPE, IBQ)ND,
38
The a d m i s s i b l e v a l u e s and t h e i r s i g n i f i c a n c e a r e as
# 0 [ s e e Eq. ( 2 0 - 6 ) of t h i s r e p o r t ]
ICgDE ( c o n t r o l s t h e amount of o u t p u t d a t a )
0 f o r a wide v a r i e t y of s t r e s s e s , moments, and l o a d s f o r s p e c i f i e d
moment, p r e s s u r e , and AT
1 (see footnote)*
w i t h S e c t i o n V I I I , Div. 1 of t h e A S M E Code
MATE ( s p e c i f i e s t h e j o i n t c o n f i g u r a t i o n and t h e f l a n g e t o be analyzed)
1 f o r o n l y one f l a n g e t o be analyzed (This i s t h e s i t u a t i o n f o r
ASME-Code r e l a t e d c a l c u l a t i o n s . )
2 f o r two i d e n t i c a l f l a n g e s mated t o g e t h e r
3 f o r t h e f i r s t of two f l a n g e s t h a t a r e n o t i d e n t i c a l , n e i t h e r of
which i s a b l i n d f l a n g e
4
5
The d a t a c a r d with t h e above i n f o r m a t i o n i s followed by o t h e r d a t a c a r d s c o n t a i n i n g p h y s i c a l - p r o p e r t y d a t a , e t c . , f o r t h e p a r t i c u l a r f l a n g e being analyzed. S i n c e t h e program can be used t o a n a l y z e any number of f l a n g e s
I n t h e o r i g i n a l conception of t h e program, IBgND and ICgDE were e n v i s i o n e d a s c o n t r o l l i n g a d d i t i o n a l c a l c u l a t i o n s t h a t were n o t implemented i n t h e p r e s e n t v e r s i o n . A s i t i s now w r i t t e n , t h e program does n o t d i s t i n g h i s h between v a l u e s of 0 o r 1 n o r between 2 and numbers g r e a t e r t h a n 2 f o r e i t h e r IBgND o r 1CQ)DE.
39
card.
the data card set for each flange must start with an option-control data Different types of flanges and different types of calculations have
different input data requirements. These data and their formats are
Input for Code-Compliance Calculations at a time, the input data requirements for the computer program are Since the ASME Code calculation procedures consider only one flange
by the three data cards illustrated in Table 9. The nomenclature is the same as that used in the Code. The first card is the option control card discussed in the previous
pending on the type of flange being analyzed. The next variable IBgND
r will be equal to zero at x = h, as specified by the Code. The third variable ICgDE will always be 2 and will therefore cause the program to compute the stresses
flanges o r paragraph UG-34(~)(2) in accordance with Code paragraph UA-50 for straight or tapered-hub for blind flanges. The last variable
MATE will always be 1 for Code-compliance calculations. This variable program. formed . essentially controls the bolt-load-change calculations made by the determining compliance, when MATE
= 1
the outside and inside diameters of the flange ring A and B, the ring
The second card in the data set enters the physical dimensions of
to-ring juncture g,, the hub length h, the bolt-circle diameter C, and
thickness t, the pipe-wall thickness go, the hub thickness at the hub-
l a h l e 9.
Input d a t a f o r ASME b o l t and f l a n g e s t r e s s c a l c u l a t i o n , u s i n g symbols d e f i n e d i n ASME Code, S e c t i o n V I I I , Division 1 , Appendix I 1 Option-Control Card (Read-in i n FLANGE)
Column number
21-30
31-40
41-50
51-60
71-80
Quantity
Ring thickness
t
Pipe-wall thickness
g0
Hub thickness
g1
Hub length h
HL
Pressure P PRESS
F0
Variable
XA
TH
GO
G1
Column number
0-10
21-30
31-40
41-50
A 1 lowable bolt stress a t design temperature b
61-70e
72d
73-80
Quantity
Gasket factor m
XM
%
AB
Option
Variable
G O U T
SB
INBO
BO
41
stress at design temperature S by temperature S the total cross-sectional area o f the bolts A an a' b' option-selecting variable I, and the basic gasket-seating width b . option variable I controls the calculation o f b and G.
0
The third card inputs other physical data, including the gasket
the allowable bolt i ' the allowable bolt stress at ambient The
Output for Code-Compliance Calculations For Code-compliance calculations, all of the output for each flange The program prints the input data followed by the
being analyzed is printed on a single page (e.g., see examples 1 and 2 of Appendix A). effective gasket seating width b0 and the loads, bolt stresses, and
moments identified under the headings shown in Table 10. For compliance with Code criteria, the value of SB1 must not exceed the allowable bolt allowable bolt stress at atmospheric* temperature. stress at design temperature, and the value of SB2 must not exceed the Immediately below, the program prints the flange stresses needed
=
two headings "ASME FLANGE STRESSES AT OPERATING MOMENT, MOP" and "ASME FLANGE STRESSES AT GASKET SEATING MOMENT." as follows:
2/3(SH)
=
for comparison with the ASME Code criteria. For tapered-hub and straight1 or 2), the program prints five stresses under the
two-thirds of the longitudinal stress on the outside surface at the small end of the hub,
(SH
(SR
ST)/2 = the average of SH and ST, and ST)/2 = the average of SR and ST.
SR
Although "ambient" would probably be a better term here, the word "atmospheric" is used as it is used in the Code.
42
T a b l e 10. ASME Code symbola Output d a t a i d e n t i f i c a t i o n , ICgDE = 2 , (ASME Code s t r e s s e s ) Des c r i p t iona See A S M E Code, T a b l e UA-49.2. (This w i l l be i n p u t d a t a f o r I = 2 . ) b ~G~p/4 2~bGmp -irG2p/4 + 21~bGmp Bolt s t r e s s , TbGy B o l t s t r e s s , Wm2/%
'mi/%
Program symbol
BO
W M 1 1
wM12
m '
WM1
SB1 WM 2 SB2 MOP
'm2
(e)
(d)
+ h%
~ h ~ + H
MG S
[(Am
A , ) S a / 2 ] x [ (C - G)/2]
M G S1
'rn2
x [(C - G ) / 2 1
under the first heading must not exceed the allowable stress for the second heading must not exceed the allowable stress for the flange For blind flanges (ITYPE
=
For compliance with the Code Criteria, each of the above values printed flange material at the design temperature. The values printed under the
five quantities under the heading "ASME CODE STRESSES FOR BLIND FLANGE": SW1
SP
= =
= the stress due to the bolt load Wml only, where W mi rG2p/4 + 2~rbGmp,
43
SOP
SW2
= =
SGS
the stress due to the bolt load Wm2, where Wm2 the stress at gasket-seating conditions.
nbGy, and
For Code compliance, SOP must not exceed the allowable stress for the allowable stress at atmospheric temperature. flange material at design temperature, and SGS must not exceed the
Innut for General PurDose Calculations (i.e., when it is used for calculating displacements and stresses other When the computer program is used for general purpose calculations,
may select almost any combination of admissible values for the four
than those needed specifically for checking Code compliance), the user
variables ITYPE, I B g N D , ICPDE, and MATE coded in the option control data card. The only specific requirement is that the variable I C O E must be less than two for other than Code-compliance calculations. In this case
the input data are structured somewhat differently than those described in the previous section. When I C a D E
=
data cards a r e needed as shown in Table 11. These are the option-control physical-property data cards. When ICgDE
=
analyzed and the user does not wish to obtain bolt load changes), three
card (for which ITYPE may be 1 , 2 , or 3 and TBgND may be 0 or 2) and two
0 and MATE = 2 , 3 ,
...
mated together. The input data requirements include the data cards shown in Table 11 plus the three cards shown in Table 12. These last three cards contain data on the physical properties of the bolts and
and other conditions. For this case, the six cards listed below complete the input data set when MATE = 2 .
gasket, supplemental data on the initial and final state of the flange,
T a b l e 11.
IC~DE
MATE'
1, 2 , o r 3
0 to 2
1 or (2)
[FgRMAT ( 8 E 1 0 . 5 ) ; r e a d - i n i n TAPHUB, STHUB, o r BLIND] 31-40 Flange outer 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80
F 1a n g e
inner
Quantity
Ring
Pipe-wall th i c k n e ss go
Hub thickness gl
Hub length h
Bolt-circle diameter
Pressure P PRESS
GOa'
Glajb
HL',
31-40
41-50
Quantity
Var i a b 1e
XMOA~
E F ~
DELTA^
YM
When MATE = 2 , a d d i t i o n a l d a t a a s d e s c r i b e d i n T a b l e 1 2 a r e a l s o r e q u i r e d .
Last t h r e e i n p u t d a t a c a r d s f o r t h e g e n e r a l purpose a n a l y s i s o f p a i r e d f l a n g e s
31-40
41-50
51-60
61-70
Quantity
Nominal diameter
31-40
41 -50
Quantity
Gasket thickness
V
Variable
VO
EG
d T G
A free
P*
PBE
Column number
41-50
Quantity
Variable
Wl
T F ~
YF2
a .
bThe e f f e c t i v e b o l t load i s c a l c u l a t e d as L o = X L B
'Values
g . * > n'-initial-state temperatures a r e d e r l n e o as zero.
BSIZE + FACE.
f o r G I and A
46
Card No.
Identification Option control card with MATE = 2 Data cards per Table 11
2l
3 6
When ICgDE = 0 and MATE = 3 , the program performs the calculations Data for
MATE
the second flange in the pair will follow an option-control card with
=
Data for
nonidentical flanges (neither of which is blind) consists of the following nine cards. Card No.
data requirements.
2l
3
0, MATE = 3
Data cards per Table 11 for first flange of pair Option-control card, ITYPE # 3, ICgDE
=
0, MATE = 4
for a flanged joint that is closed with a blind flange. For this option,
47
the blind flange is designated as the first flange and the mating flange set is completed by using the data cards described in Table 12. The is designated as the second with MATE
=
cards.
complete input data set for this case consists of the following nine
Card No.
1
3
2l
1CP)DE
0, MATE
1 or 2, ICgDE
0, MATE = 6
"i
When MATE = 1, the output consists of one page of printout, which gives only (the bolt load for blind flanges), pressure loading only, and
(1) the input data; ( 2 ) the three sets of stresses for moment loading
The amount and format of the data printed out are determined pre-
The symbols used on the printout are explained in Tables 1 3 and 14.
flanges); and ( 3 ) the displacements produced by the calculated stresses. When MATE = 2, the output consists of three pages of printout. The
first page gives (1) the input data and (2) the parameters involved in the bolt-load-change calculations. The second page gives (1) the
moments.
loadings, (2) the residual bolt loads, and ( 3 ) the initial and residual The symbols used in the first and second page of printout are
explained in Tables 15 and 16. The third page gives the stresses and
48
T a b l e 13. Theory Symbol Output d a t a i d e n t i f i c a t i o n , s t r e s s e s , d i s p l a c e m e n t s , and r o t a t i o n Description S t r e s s , l o n g i t u d i n a l , small end of hub, outside surface S t r e s s l o n g i t u d i n a l , small end of hub, i n s i d e s u r f ace S t r e s s , c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l , small end of hub, outside surface S t r e s s , c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l , small end of hub, inside surface S t r e s s , l o n g i t u d i n a l , l a r g e end of hub, outside surface S t r e s s , l o n g i t u d i n a l , l a r g e end o f hub, i n s i d e surf ace S t r e s s , c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l , l a r g e end of hub, outside surface S t r e s s , c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l , l a r g e end of hub, inside surface S t r e s s , t a n g e n t i a l , hub s i d e o f r i n g , a t r = b S t r e s s , tangential, face s i d e of ring, a t r = b S t r e s s , r a d i a l , hub s i d e of r i n g , a t r = b S t r e s s , r a d i a l , f a c e s i d e of r i n g , a t r = b Axial displacement a t r = g Axial displacement a t r = c
-6
SLSP
SCSOa
sc sIU
s LLO
SLLI
zc
QFHG
YO
(6 E 0 a t r = b)
Y1
R a d i a l d i s p l a c e m e n t , l a r g e end o f hub R o t a t i o n of r i n g a t r = b
For b l i n d f l a n g e s
THETA
u u u
u
r r
t
r = o t r = g r = g r = c
Stress, r =
0,
r a d i a l and t a n g e n t i a l
Stress, r = g radial Stress, r = g, tangential Stress, r = c, radial Stress, r = c, tangential Stress, r = a, tangential Axial displacement a t r = c ( 6
F 0
at, r = c
a
t
r = a
&C
zc
a t r = g)
49
Output d a t a i d e n t i f i c a t i o n when MATE = 2, 3 and 4 , o r 5 and 6 Description Axial displacement from C t o G , u n i t moment load Axial displacement from C t o G , u n i t p r e s s u r e load Axial displacement from C t o G , u n i t DELTA I n s i d e diameter
Program symbol
QFHG
qP 1hG
tlhG
QPHG
QTHG~
2b
GOa
t
P i p e wall t h i c k n e s s Ring t h i c k n e s s Modulus of e l a s t i c i t y of f l a n g e m a t e r i a l , i n i t i a l state Modulus of e l a s t i c i t y of f l a n g e m a t e r i a l , f i n a l state C o e f f i c i e n t of thermal expansion of f l a n g e materia1 The above n i n e symbols with a prime mark ( I ) on t h e t h e o r y symbols a r e f o r t h e mating f l a n g e . The program symbol has t h e added f i n a l l e t t e r rrp. 11
TH
E f1
Ef2
YM
YF2C
f
(
E F~
( >p
For b l i n d f l a n g e s , t h e s e v a l u e s a r e n o t s i g n i f i c a n t ; an a r t i f i c i a l v a l u e o f -1.0000 i s p r i n t e d o u t . bThese v a l u e s a r e i n p u t d a t a f o r f l a n g e s i d e one, i n p u t c a r d s 2 and 3 ( s e e Table 1 1 ) . For MATE = 2 , t h e s e v a l u e s , along with c a l c u l a t e d v g l u e s o f QFHG, QPHG, and QTHG, a r e used f o r s i d e one and s i d e two ( i . e . , an i d e n t i c a l p a i r ) . If MATE = 3 o r 5 , t h e primed v a l u e s a r e s t o r e d ; t h e unprimed v a l u e s are r e a d i n by i n p u t c a r d s 5 and 6 , and v a l u e s of QFHGP, QPHGP, and QTHGP a r e c a l c u l a t e d . Input from c a r d 6 f o r MATE = 2 , c a r d 9 f o r MATE = 3 and 4 o r 5 and 6 ( s e e Table 1 1 ) .
Program symbol
XLB
AB
a Description
Effective b o l t length C r o s s - s e c t i o n a l r o o t area o f a l l b o l t s B o l t - c i r c l e diameter Modulus of e l a s t i c i t y , b o l t s , i n i t i a l s t a t e Modulus of e l a s t i c i t y , b o l t s , f i n a l s t a t e C o e f f i c i e n t of thermal expansion, b o l t s Gasket t h i c k n e s s O u t s i d e diameter of g a s k e t I n s i d e d i a m e t e r of g a s k e t Modulus of e l a s t i c i t y of g a s k e t , i n i t i a l s t a t e Modulus o f e l a s t i c i t y o f g a s k e t , f i n a l s t a t e C o e f f i c i e n t of thermal expansion, g a s k e t s I n i t i a l t o t a l b o l t load Temperature of b o l t s , f i n a l s t a t e Temperature of f l a n g e r i n g , s i d e one, f i n a l s t a t e Temperature of f l a n g e r i n g , s i d e two, f i n a l s t a t e Temperature of g a s k e t , f i n a l s t a t e Thermal g r a d i e n t , pipe/hub t o r i n g , s i d e one Thermal g r a d i e n t , pipe/hub t o r i n g , s i d e two Internal pressure
*b
C
Eb 1 Eb2
'b
VO
YB
YB2 EB
vo
X GO
XG I
E E
E
g1
82
YG
YG2
EG
w1
w1
TB
TF
Tb Tf2
TL
T
A
TFP TG
DELTA
A'
DELTAP PRESS
equation:
51
Table 16. Output d a t a i d e n t i f i c a t i o n , MATE 2 , 3 and 4 , o r 5 and 6 , r e s i d u a l b o l t l o a d s and moments Theory symbol Pro gram symbol
W2A
W2B
a
E f f e c t included R e l a t i v e change i n t e m p e r a t u r e of b o l t s , g a s k e t , f l a n g e (AXIAL THERMAL) Change i n moment arms ( M O M E N T SHIFT) Total pressure Thermal g r a d i e n t , pipe/hub t o r i n g (DELTA THERMAL)
A l l of t h e above, p l u s change i n modulus of e l as t i c i t y (COMBINED)
w2a
'2b
W2C
W2C
W2D
2 ' d
W2
W2
? ' h e change i n b o l t load ( e . g . , W 1 - W2A) and r a t i o of r e s i d u a l t o i n i t i a l b o l t l o a d ( e . g . , W2A/W1) a r e a l s o p r i n t e d o u t , along w i t h t h e corresponding v a l u e s of t h e i n i t i a l moment (Ml) and r e s i d u a l moments, M2A, ..., M2P. The r e s i d u a l moment i d e n t i f i e r s with f i n a l l e t t e r P ( f o r prime) a r e f o r t h e f i r s t e n t e r e d of a p a i r o f n o n i d e n t i c a l f l a n g e s . I f t h e p a i r o f f l a n g e s a r e i d e n t i c a l , t h e n M2B = M2BP, e t c . The r e s i d u a l moment v a l u e s a r e n o t s i g n i f i c a n t f o r b l i n d f l a n g e s , ITYPE = 3 ; t h e r e f o r e , r e s i d u a l b o l t l o a d s a r e used f o r b l i n d f l a n g e s .
The heading i n c l u d e s t h e v a l u e of t h e
When MATE = 3 and 4 o r 5 and 6 , t h e o u t p u t c o n s i s t s of f o u r pages The f i r s t two pages have t h e same format as f o r t h e c a s e The r e s i d u a l moments on t h e l a s t l i n e of page 2 apply t o when MATE = 2 , except i n p u t d a t a f o r both of t h e ( n o n i d e n t i c a l ) f l a n g e s f l a n g e one; t h o s e on t h e p r e c e d i n g l i n e apply t o f l a n g e two. The l a s t
two pages o f p r i n t o u t are f o r f l a n g e one and f l a n g e two, r e s p e c t i v e l y , and a r e i d e n t i c a l i n format t o t h e t h i r d page of t h e p r i n t o u t f o r t h e c a s e when MATE = 2 .
52
Acknowledgment of the Computer Sciences Division for converting the CDC 7700 Fortran for operation on the ORNL IBM 360 computers. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of 0. W. Russ
References
1. ASME B o i l e r and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII-1971, "Nuclear Power Plant Components," American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, July 1, 1971.
2.
E. 0. Waters et al., "Formulas for Stresses in Bolted Flanged Connections, I ' Trans. ASME 59, 161-69 (1937) .
3. S. Timoshenko, Theory of Plates and S h e l l s , 1st ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1940. 4. E. C. Rodabaugh, F. M. O'Hara, Jr., and S. E. Moore, Analysis of Flanged J o i n t s w i t h Ring-Type Gaskets (in preparation).
5.
E. C. Rodabaugh, F. M. O'Hara, Jr., and S. E. Moore, S t r e s s e s i n t h e B o l t i n g and Flanges of B16.5 Flanged J o i n t s w i t h Metal-to-Metal Contact Outside t h e Bolt C i r c l e (in preparation).
6. D. B. Wesstrom and S. E. Bei-gh, "Effect of Internal Pressure on Stresses and Strains in Bolted-Flanged Connections," Trans ASME 73, 553-68 (1951).
Standard 605, 1st Ed., American Petroleum Institute, New York, 1967.
53
55
APPENDIX A
57
59 62 67 67
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . .
70 70
80 81 83 83 84 84 84 84 93 94 96
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
COMPUTER TIME
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
57
The particular size and rating selected was the 60-in., 300-lb taperedbolt stresses and flange stresses are close to the upper limits set in API-605. Six examples are included: The results show that this hub flange. This particular flange represents a design in which the
The flange selected for analysis is one included in API Standard 60.5."
data of the computer program FLANGE and the significance of the results.
1. A Code stress calculation is performed for a tapered-hub flange at its rated pressure of 720 psi at 100F.
particular flange does indeed meet the criteria given in API-605 at A Code stress calculation is performed for a blind flange to match 720 psi and 100F.
blind flange was selected so that its maximum stress was the allowable flange stress of 17,500 psi used in API-605.
A blind flange bolted to a tapered-hub flange under pressure loading only is analyzed. (a) For an initial bolt stress equal to the API-605 allowable indicate that the flanged joint will probably leak at its
(b)
For an initial bolt stress of 44,300 psi, the results indicate that the flanged joint will pass a hydrostatic test of 1.5 x
720 psi at ambient temperature.
4.
A tapered-hub flange bolted to an identical tapered-hub flange with an initial bolt stress of 46,100 psi is analyzed.
Large-Diameter Carbon S t e e l Flanges ( S i z e : 26 Inches t o 30 Inches, Inclusive, Nominal Pressure R a t i n g : 75, 150, and 300 Zb), API Standard 605, 1st Ed., American Petroleum Inst., New York, 1967.
58
(a)
For pressure loading o n l y , the results indicate that the flanged joint w i l l hold a hydrostatic test pressure of
1.5 x 720 psi.
(b)
59
DETAILS OF THE FLANGE USED I N THE EXAMPLES A s k e t c h o f t h e t a p e r e d - h u b f l a n g e i s shown i n F i g . A . l . dimensions a r e as s p e c i f i e d i n API-605. s i o n s B (and t h e r e f o r e g
0
1
The For t h e
and g ) a r e n o t s p e c i f i e d i n API-605.
was used t o e s t a b l i s h B:
B = D - 2 t
0
( A . 11
where
Do = nominal o u t s i d e d i a m e t e r o f p i p e , i n . ;
t
= p D /2(0.875)S (but n o t
1 0
p, = r a t e d p r e s s u r e a t 100"F, p s i ;
S = 20,000 p s i , t h e a l l o w a b l e s t r e s s a t 100'F.
2.7030 i n .
by t h e e q u a t i o n g i v e n i n APi-605:
h = Y - t + O.176g0 + 0.469
.
For t h i s f l a n g e :
+
0.176(1.2343)
0.469 = 5.4362 i n .
o f a 1/16-in.-thick,
compressed-asbestos, f l a t r i n g - s h a p e d g a s k e t , w i t h For t h e
60
ORNL- D W G 75-4296
t
T
DIMENSIONS IN INCHES
r = 62.9375
= 57.5314
Fig. A . l . Dimensions ( i n i n c h e s ) of 6 0 - i n . , 300-lb API-605 t a p e r e d hub f l a n g e . The terms B y R , C y Do, X , and A are d i a m e t e r s e x p r e s s e d i n inches.
61
o u t s i d e d i a m e t e r i s 65 i n . According t o t h e ASME Code, f o r a 1 / 1 6 - i n . bolts. For an
62
A S M E CODE CALCULATIONS, EXAMPLES 1 AND 2 The i n p u t d a t a f o r examples 1 and 2 a r e shown i n Table A . l . The
Note
t h a t Card 2 i s i d e n t i c a l f o r examples 1 and 2 except f o r t h e v a l u e of t ; however, B , g o , g , , and h a r e not used f o r example 2 ( b l i n d f l a n g e ) , and any number ( i n c l u d i n g zero) can be e n t e r e d f o r t h e s e dimensions. Example 1 i s a Code s t r e s s c a l c u l a t i o n f o r t h e 6 0 - i n . , 300-lb API-605 tapered-hub f l a n g e a t i t s r a t e d p r e s s u r e of 720 p s i a t 100'F. The o u t p u t d a t a a r e shown i n Table A . 2 . 'The v a l u e of SB1 = 20,033 p s i The v a l u e of
API-605 c r i t e r i o n of a c o n t r o l l i n g f l a n g e s t r e s s n o t g r e a t e r t h a n 17,500 p s i . The r e s u l t s , t h e r e f o r e , confirm t h a t t h e 6 0 - i n . , 300-lb API-605 tapered-hub f l a n g e meets t h e s t a t e d c r i t e r i a . The r e a d e r who i s accustomed t o u s i n g hand c a l c u l a t i o n s f o r checking f l a n g e d e s i g n s according t o Code r u l e s w i l l n o t e t h a t t h e program i n p u t does n o t r e q u i r e e i t h e r t h e f a c t o r s T , U, Y , Z from Code F i g . UA-51.1, o r F , V , and f from Code F i g s . UA-51.2, UA-51.3, and UA-51.6, r e s p e c tively. These f a c t o r s a r e c a l c u l a t e d by t h e computer program. and g l / g , , In
a d d i t i o n t o s i m p l i f y i n g t h e i n p u t , t h e program a c c u r a t e l y c a l c u l a t e s F ,
V , and f v a l u e s f o r any v a l u e s of h/h
t h e r a n g e of t h e Code f i g u r e s .
i n c l u d i n g t h o s e beyond
API-605 does n o t g i v e b l i n d - f l a n g e t h i c k n e s s e s .
63
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4
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cd
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k
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k
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cd w cd
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a,
e
b
a,
cd
c,
0 0
Table A . 2 .
FLANGE O.D..A
P L ARGE
73.93750
I. D . ,B
HUB LENGTH,H
5.43620
C1RCLE.C 69.43750
ECLT
PRESSURE. P
720.000
2.75000
3700.0000 0
6 5 . 0 0 000
YR12 4 . 3 3 2 2 D 05
RGS 1 1 . 1186D 0 6
MOHENT,
GOUT
6 0 . 2 5000
wn1 2 . 7 4 3 0 D 06
GIN
20000
SB
.ooooo
20000.00000
SA
136.92000
SB 2 2.9563D 03
AB
1.1875D 0 0
BO
wnt 1 2.3097D 0 6
MGS
SB 1 2.0033D 04
4.0477D 0 5
wn2
1.1719D 0 7
nop
7 . 5 7 4 2 1 ) 06
A S M E F L d N G E S T R E S S E S AT O P E R A T I N G
HOP
8.4402D 03
(SH+ST ) / 2 =
(2/3)*SH=
1 . 5 6 0 8 D 04
ST =
1 . 1 1 7 4 D 04
SB =
1.72930 04
(SH+SR ) / 2 =
1 . 5 9 2 8 D 04
A S U E FLANGE
S T R E S S E S AT G A S K E T S E A T I N G ROCIENT,
PlGS
(2/3)*SH=
1 . 0 0 8 7 D 04
ST =
7 . 2 2 1 6 D 03
SR =
5.0576D
03
(SH+ST ) / 2 =
1 . 1 1 7 6 D 04
(SH+SR ) / 2 =
1.0294C 04
Table A . 3 .
O.D.,A
FLANGE
73.93750
FLANGE I.D.,E
0.0
THICK.,T
FLANGE
H U B AT BASE,G1 0.0
HUB LENGTH,H 0 .o
CIRCLE,C
BCLT
2.75000
BO
60.25000
GIN
20000 .ooooo
SB 1 2.0033D 0 4
SB
136.92000
SB2 2.9563D 0 3
hB
L n
1. 1875D 0 0
un 1 2.7430D
06
SWl 3.37921) 0 3
SOP 1 . 7 5 0 0 ~ 10 4
s w2 4.9865D
02
SGS 3.3763D 0 3
66
be considerably thicker than a mating flange in order for both to meet the Code stress limitations.
This example was included to illustrate that a blind flange may have to
the flange thickness of 7.9044 in. was selected to obtain this result.
BLIND-TO-TAPERED-HUB
Input Data The i n p u t d a t a f o r examples 3 ( a ) and 3 ( b ) a r e shown i n T a b l e A.4. In a d d i t i o n t o t h e b a s i c purpose of i l l u s t r a t i n g i n p u t / o u t p u t d a t a f o r t h e program FLANGE, t h i s p a i r of examples was s e l e c t e d t o show how t h e program can b e used t o estimate r e q u i r e d i n i t i a l b o l t s t r e s s e s . In a d d i t i o n , example 3 ( a ) shows how t h e g e n e r a l purpose o p t i o n (ICODE # 2 ) g i v e s s t r e s s e s a s o b t a i n e d from Code c a l c u l a t i o n s p l u s d e f o r m a t i o n d a t a and a d d i t o n a l s t r e s s e s , Examples 3 ( a ) and ( b ) do n o t i n v o l v e t e m p e r a t u r e g r a d i e n t s o r t e m p e r a t u r e s o t h e r t h a n ambient; hence, t h e modulus o f e l a s t i c i t y i s t h e
same f o r t h e i n i t i a l and f i n a l s t a t e s .
zero.
Values of t e m p e r a t u r e s f o r t h e
t h e f i n a l s t a t e d e n o t e s a z e r o thermal g r a d i e n t .
w i t h o u t c a u s i n g a d i v i d e - c h e c k e r r o r , s o a v a l u e of 0 . 0 1 was used.
h a s been
o f e l a s t i c i t y f o r b o t h t h e f l a n g e s and t h e b o l t s w a s assumed t o be
The modulus o f e l a s t i c i t y f o r t h e 1 / 1 6 - i n . - t h i c k
a 1 / 1 6 - i n . a s b e s t o s g a s k e t may b e a p p r o p r i a t e .
l a t i o n s h i p f o r such a g a s k e t , which i s c o n f i n e d between t h e two r i g i d f l a n g e f a c e s , i s h i g h l y n o n l i n e a r and b o t h time and h i s t o r y dependent. S t a r t i n g o u t w i t h a new g a s k e t , t h e f i r s t increment o f b o l t s t r e s s t o produce a g a s k e t s t r e s s of 1000 p s i might d e c r e a s e t h e g a s k e t t h i c k n e s s
68
IBOND
0
ICODE 0 7.9044 t
MATE 5 1.2343 YM go
57.5314 EF
8E10.5
(6.0656D+6) 4
5
2.7430D+6 ITYPE 1 A
XMOA~
6. D-6
DELTA'
.O1
3. D+7
62.625
5E10.5
IBOND
0
ICODE
0
MATE 6 go gl
73.9375
6
57.5314 EF
5.9375
1.2343 YM
69.4375
720.
(1080.)
8E10.5
(2.0661D+7) 7
8
9
XMOA
6. D-6 YB YG
DELTA'
.01
3. D+7
62.625 XGO XG I AB
5E10.5
.0625
w1
vo
3. D+7 3. D+6 TF
0
6. D-6 6. D-6 TF B
0 EG
EB
TB
TG
0
65.
FACE
60.25
PBE
0
136.92
7E10.5 6E10.5
(6.06561)+6)
2.7430D+6
YF2
3. D+7 3. D+7
YFP2
3. D+7
YB2
3. D+6
YG2
7E10.5
bInitial bolt load is used here since ITYPE = 3; see footnote b t o Table 11 in the text. eSince . DELTA cannot be entered as zero, 0.01 was used as a satisfactorily small value.
69
by 20%, s o t h a t t h e modulus would be 1000/(0.2 x 0.0625) = 8 x l o 4 p s i . Crude o b s e r v a t i o n s i n d i c a t e t h a t , a t a b o l t stress t h a t produces a g a s k e t s t r e s s of 40,000 p s i , t h e g a s k e t t h i c k n e s s i s about o n e - h a l f of
i t s o r i g i n a l t h i c k n e s s , s o t h a t t h e average modulus up t o t h i s s t r e s s i s
40,000/0.03125 = 1.28 x
lo6
psi.
r a t i o of width t o t h i c k n e s s of t h e g a s k e t and t h e time under s t r e s s , p a r t i c u l a r l y f o r low g a s k e t s t r e s s . a n a l y s i s , w e a r e not i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e g a s k e t s t r e s s - s t r a i n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s when t h e b o l t load i s a p p l i e d b u t r a t h e r i n t h e g a s k e t stresss t r a i n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s when t h e g a s k e t s t r e s s i s decreased a f t e r t h e g a s k e t has been under b o l t load f o r s e v e r a l days o r many months. f l a n g e d j o i n t s u s i n g 1 / 1 6 - i n . - t h i c k a s b e s t o s g a s k e t s , t h e assumed modulus o f e l a s t i c i t y of t h e g a s k e t i s n o t v e r y s i g n i f i c a n t provided i t
No
i s n o t u n r e a l i s t i c a l l y low.
t h a t t h e change i n t h e b o l t load depends upon t h e sum of t h e loaddisplacement c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e b o l t s , t h e f l a n g e s , and t h e g a s k e t . The displacements f o r a u n i t b o l t load a r e -
for bolts:
-AbEb
LO
16.15 136.92 x 3 x l o 7
= 3.93 x 10-9
f o r flanges: and
2 x QFHG = Z(1.197 x
= 2.40 x lo-'
f o r gasket:
"0 -
0.0625 467.26 x EG ~
1.34 x
EG
As E
v a r i e s from l o 5 t o l o 7 , t h e s u m of t h e s e t h r e e displacements G v a r i e s as f o l l o w s :
EG
io5
1
7.67
3 x 105
106
106
io7
6.34
6.78
6.46
6.37
70
From t h e above, it can b e seen t h a t changing t h e g a s k e t modulus by two o r d e r s of magnitude changes t h e sum of t h e displacement by o n l y 17%. The i n i t i a l b o l t s t r e s s used i n example 3 ( a ) i s 20,033 p s i , g i v i n g
text). in.-lb.
lo7
g i v i n g an i n i t i a l b o l t load of W 1 = 6.0656 x l o 6 l b .
XMOA, used i n example 3(b) i s 2.0661 x l o 7 i n . - l b .
OutDut Data
Residual Bo 1t Loads The o u t p u t d a t a f o r example 3(a) are shown i n Table A.5. (Table A.Sa).* The
o u t p u t s t a r t s w i t h a p r i n t o u t of a l l i n p u t d a t a on t h e f i r s t page The parameters involved i n t h e b o l t - l o a d - c h a n g e c a l c u The i n i t i a l b o l t load under l a t i o n s a r e t h e n p r i n t e d , followed by r e s i d u a l b o l t l o a d s and moments,
a l l on t h e second page (Table A.5b).
and t h e r a t i o of r e s i d u a l t o i n i t i a l b o l t load i s g i v e n by W 2 / W 1 = 0.39911. hub f l a n g e a r e p r i n t e d on t h e t h i r d and f o u r t h pages (Tables A.5c and A.5d, r e s p e c t i v e l y ) .
For convenience i n r e f e r r i n g t o s p e c i f i c pages of m u l t i p a g e t a b l e s , we have used a l p h a b e t i c s u f f i x e s on t a b l e numbers. For example, t h e f i r s t page of T a b l e A.5 i s d e s i g n a t e d Table A.5a; t h e second page i s Table A.5b, t h e t h i r d i s Table A.5c, e t c .
FLANGE 73.93750
LOAD
FLANGE
I.D.,B
HUB
C1RCLE.C
BCLT
COEFF. OF nELTA N O D . OF H E A N GASKET THERHAL EXP. ELASTICITY DIANETER 2.743D 0 6 6.000D-06 1.000D-02 3.000D 0 7 6.263D 0 1 FLANGZ
O.D.,A
BOLT
ICODE
0
HATE
5
73.93750
I.D.,E
PIPE HOB A T FLANGE THICK.,T WALL,GO BASE,Gl 57.53140 5.93750 1.23430 2.70300
FLANGE
LENG'fH,H 5.43620
ITYFE
COEFF. OF DELTA N O D . OF H E A N GASKET THEREAL EXP. ELASTICITY DIAFlETER 1.172D 0 7 6.OCOD-06 1.000D-02 3.000D 0 7 6.263D 0 1
flOflENT
0
X GO
6
XGI
2.2500D
BSIZE
6.25OOD-02 w1 2.7430D O F
vo
OC
YD 3.0000D 0 7
3.0000D 0 6
0.0
TF
YG
EB
TG 0.0 Y F2 3.0000D 0 7
0.0
TB
6.0250D 0 1 PEE
0.0
AB
YB2 3.0000D 0 7
FLANGE J C I N T BOLT L O A D C H A N G E D U E TO APPLIEC LOADS, BLTND 'IC INTEGER PAIR FLANGE J O I N T SIDE O N E (PRIIIEC QUANTITIES) QFHG= 9.499UD-10 QPHG= 6.5350D-06 Y H = 3.0000D C7 YP2 = 1.1968D-09 QPHG= 3.0000D 07 BOLTTNG
BOLT LENGTH= 1.6154D 01 YE = 3.0000D 0 7
Q T H G = -1.COOOD
3.0000D 0 7
00 EF =
XB = -1.OOOOD 6.0000D-06
00
G O = -1.0000D
00
TH
7.904bD
00
8.0422D-06 YP2 =
X B = 5.7531D 0 1 6.0000D-06
GO=
1.2343D 0 0
TH
5.9375D 00
01
GASKET
VO
= YG
6.2cOOC-02
3.0000D 06
XGO =
*For the convenience of the u s e r , the first page of Table A.5 is designated Table A.5a, the second page is Table A.Sb, the third is Table A.5c, etc. This convention is a l s o used i n the following tables.
Table A . 5b
LOADINGS I N I T I A L BOLT LOAD= GASKET TEMP.= 0.0 2.7430D 06 BOLT T E H P . = 0.0 DELTA= 1.0000D-02 DELTAFz
(continued)
0.0
RESIDUAL BOLT LOADS AFTER THERRAL-PRESSURE LOADS AXIAL THERRAL,U2A= TOTAL PRESSURE,WZC= COHBINED,WZ= Wl-UZR= WZA/Wl= 0.0 1.0000D 0 0 1.0948D 2.7430D 0 6 1.0949C 06 06 Yl-W2B= W2B/U1= 5.1359D 05 8.1276D-01 WI-UZC= UZC/Ul= 1.6481D 0 6 3.9915D-01 UI-W2D= W2D/Wl= 1.0333D 0 2 9.9996D-01 W1-U2= W2/U1= 1.6U82D 06 3.9911D-01
MOMENT SHIFT,Y2E=
2.229UD
06 06
N
DELTA THERIAL,Y2D=
2.7429D
I N I T I A L A N D RESIDUAL MONENTS AFTER THERHAL RESSURE LOADS. Hl= 9.3433D 06 M2A= 9.3433D 06 M2B= 1.1646D 0 7 3.9C15D M2C= 7.7818D
06
M2D=
9.343OD 0 6
M2=
7.78141)
06
%?BP= 4.2880D
07
R2CP=
3.9015D 0 7
H2P=
07
73
m
0
m
0
m
0
m
c
a
m
u m
t
N
N
f
m
m
B
d
\D 0 I I
I I H d
v)
2
ll
v)
fn
m
0
m 0
W
F
; t
m
0
a
m
0
a
0
c
co t m a m
m \D I n
m
m
f
II
H
v)
II
V
V ln
m
II
w
N 0
c
II
e
H
U
x
E-!
I1
N 0 P
N 0
N P
=t k
W
c
a
0
N
m
N I
a
V
VI
v)
II
a
V
m
0
P
II
.
j
m
m I
0
c
a
w
II
ll
%
e
m
m 0 m 0
c
0
H
0
f
m
H
ll
a u
I W
m
ru
PI N
a
W W
ll U
u v)
m
0
c
W
v)
ffi
H W
v)
ll
c
n m
H
2 H
a :
c N
a
0
0
d
2
w
n
w
z H n
m m
d
0
c
0
cl
m
W
2
w u
2
=t
P i
cl
m
Ir
I1
m 7
l n
L7
v)
w a a :
w
cl
ll P
CI
W
I 2 H
v)
a
n
2 H
e
0
ln
u
r4
m
rn
m a
m
a
0
0 0
ll
z
0
v)
cl
0
c
P U'
a
N
& I
cl 3
0 W *
N
0 H H
n 2
0
S
0 I
v)
(3
c
S
a
I
N LT
a
u
V cl a :
U
11 v v c l
m 0
r4
0
S
r'
4 3
n
c
w
a
II H
N
v)
a m
H
m
I =t
14
f
S
a :
U 0
d
fn
ll
V
0
v)
I1
3
N
el
cl
a
V
II H
II
v)
Table A.5d
TAPERED H U B FLANGE CALCULATICNS FOR HOMENT L O A D I N G SLSO= SLLO= STH=
ZG=
(continued)
2.3042D 04 2 . 3 U l l D 04 1.1173D 0 4
S L S I = -2.3042D S L L I = -2.341113
OU
04
SCSI=
5.9379D
03
04
04
03
03
YO=
03
03 Y1= 1.0058D-18 THETA= - 4 . 0 5 7 9 D - 0 3
STP= -1.84821)
ZC= -2.4446D-02
-1.0421D-02
QFHG=
1.4026C-02
CALCULATICNS FOR PRSSSORE L O A D I N G SLSO= SLLO= STH= 1.419uD 0 4 1.8645D 0 3 9.3311D 0 3 SLSI= SLLI= 2.5863D 03 SCSO= SCLO= 1.4398D 0 4 5.5935D 0 2 03 SCSI= SCLI= SRF= 1.0915D 0 4 1.739UD 03 2.7038D 02 6.0715D-18 THETA= - 1 . 8 0 8 8 D - 0 3
5.7979D 0 3
STF= -1.1002D
03
QPHG=
ZG= -4.5114D-03
Z C = -1.0302D-02
YO=
9.7224D-03
Y1=
00
SCSO=
1.0649D-01
1.3977D-01
SCLO= -1.84191)
00
STF= -6.1330D-01
1.5072D-01
Y 1= -1.7259D-06
Z G = -7.4476D-07
Z C = -1.7007D-06
QFHG=
Y O = -2.4965D-07
T H E T A = -2.9860D-07
CALCULATIONS FOR C O H B I N E D LOADING,H2 O R H2P FCR I T Y P E = l OR 2 , SLSO= SLLO= STH= 3.33851) 2.1362D
1 2 F O R ITYPE=3, 1.5860D 0 4
7.7814D
06
CU
04
04
04
04
SCSI=
03 03 YO=
S C L I = -4.1117D
03
03 Y 1= - 1 . 7 2 5 9 D - 0 6 THETA= - 5 . 1 8 8 6 D - 0 3
1.8638D 0 4
04
S R F = -5.2E61D
1.9984D-02
ZG= -1.3191D-02
QPHG=
1.7472D-02
75
=-G2p 4 0
where
W
G o = o u t s i d e d i a m e t e r of g a s k e t (65 i n . i n t h i s example), and
C
= "critical"
b o l t load,
is
1 x 4
C
Because W
i s s i g n i f i c a n t l y g r e a t e r t h a n W2 = 1.0948 x l o 6 l b , t h e
The r e s u l t s i l l u s -
r e s u l t s f o r example 3 ( a ) i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e j o i n t w i l l l e a k a t t h e r a t e d p r e s s u r e with t h e i n i t i a l b o l t s t r e s s of 20,033 p s i . t r a t e an a s p e c t o f ASME-designed f l a n g e s t h a t i s well known t o many u s e r s ; t h a t i s , t h e j o i n t s o f t e n cannot be made l e a k t i g h t ( e s p e c i a l l y i n o r d e r t o p a s s t h e h y d r o s t a t i c t e s t ) by applying an i n i t i a l b o l t s t r e s s equal t o t h e Code-allowable b o l t s t r e s s . 3(b) i s t h e same as 3 ( a ) , except t h a t t h e i n i t i a l b o l t s t r e s s has been i n c r e a s e d from 20,033 p s i t o 44,300 p s i (Wl i n p u t under M O A i n c r e a s e d t o 2.0661 x l o 7 ) ; t h e i n i t i a l moment has been c o r r e s p o n d i n g l y i n c r e a s e d ; and t h e p r e s s u r e h a s been i n c r e a s e d from 720 p s i t o 1080 p s i , t h e l a t t e r b e i n g t h e h y d r o s t a t i c - t e s t p r e s s u r e of 1 . 5 times t h e cold r a t i n g p r e s s u r e . I t can b e s e e n i n Table A.6 (on t h e second page, Table A.6b) t h a t t h e
Example
Leakage i s d e f i n e d as t h e g r o s s t y p e of leakage t h a t occurs when t h e load on t h e g a s k e t i s reduced t o zero. Slow, d i f f u s i o n - t y p e leakage may o c c u r a t lower p r e s s u r e s .
. k
73.93750
FLANGE I.D.,B
69.43750
IBOND
CIRCLE,C
BCLT
PRESSURE, 1080.000
ICODE
COEFF. OF DELTA HOD. OF H E A N GASKET THERMAL EXP. ELASTICITY D I L H E T E Fc 6.066D 0 6 6 . 0 0 0 D - 0 6 1.000D-02 3.000D 07 6.263D 0 1
LOAD
BOLT
ITYPE
MATE 5
3
HUB LENGTH,H
0
EOLT
0
PRESSURE, P 1080.000
ICODE
O.D.,A
FLANGE 73.93750
5.43620
CIBCLE,C
69.43750
IEOND
ITYFE
1 TB
MATE
0
X GO
6
XGI
vo
w1
YE
06
0.0
0.0 Y F2 3.0000I: 07
TG
6.5000D 0 1
0.0
FACE
Y PP2 3.0000D 0 7
01
AB 1.3692D 02
07
YG2 3.0000D
06
FLANGE JCINT BOLT L O A D C H A N G E D U E TO A P P L I E D LOADS, B L I N D 'IC I N T E G E R PAIR FLANGE J O I N T SIDE ONE QFHG=
YH =
( P R I M E D QUANTITIES)
Q T H G = -1.0000D
6.5350D-06 YF2 =
3.0000D
07
EP =
00
XB = -1.0000D 6.0000D-06
00
GO=
-1.0000D
00
'IH
7.90UUD 00
8.0422D-06 YP2 =
QTHG=
9.559OD-05 3.0000D 0 7 EP =
X B = 5.7531D 6.0000D-06
01
GO=
1.2343D 0 0
TH
5.9375D
00
01
Table A . 6b
LO A D INGS I N I T I A L BOLT LOAD= GASKET TEHP.= 0.0 6.06560 0 6 BOLT TEMP.= 0.0 DELTA= 1.0000D-02 DELTAPs
(continued)
0.0
RESIDUAL EOLT LOADS AFTER THERMAL-PRESSURE LOADS AXIAL THERMAL,UZA= TOTAL PRESSURE,WZC= COHBINED,W2= Wl-W2A= Y2A/W1=
0.0
06 06
HOMENT SHIPT.W2E=
5.2952D
06
06
DELTA T B E R H A L , V Z D =
6.0655D
3.59339
7.7038D 05 8.7299D-01
Wl-Y2C=
WZC/Wl=
2 . 4 7 2 2 D 06 5.92421)-01
WI-W2D= W2D/WI=
1.0333D 0 2 9.9998D-01
Wl-W2= W2/W1=
2.U723D 06 5.92401)-01
1.0000D 0 0
I N I T I A L A N D RESIDUAL MOHENTS AFTER THERRAL ERESSURE LOADS. Ml= H2BP= 2.0661D 07 07 #2A= 2.0661D 07 H2B= 2.U115D 07 H2C= 07 1.8319D 0 7 12D= 2.0661D 07 M2= 1.6318D
01
7.0966D
H2CP=
6.5169D 0 7
M2P=
6.5168D
78
m
0
m
0
P
m m m
m
I n
m
m
W
0 t
a m m
W ll I3
I n
H
a : a
W 0
v)
ll
v)
m
n
m
2
m
3
ll
m
0
0
c
m
0
c P
n
=r
I n
c
n
ul
m
n
m
0
I I
m
W
in
u
U m
PI *
PI
(u
II
I1 I3 H
I I
v)
v)
ll
v)
.
V
0
N
0
rN rI n m
0
r L l
a
m
0
0
x
a
m
rQI
rN
N
f
3
W
m
I1
I N
a
U
v)
P
ll VI
a
0
ll Pl
ffi
u
U l
I I
m
0 J
N
m
0
in J \D
m
ffi
E4
n
0
0
PI
P
a
0
0
N
PI
rf 3
a
E
C a m
0
N
e 4 c l
v)
I I
s
m
0 N
ll
f3 0
N
I I
m
0
W
n P
z l
m
(0
c l
W Z
H
n
4
c
W
0 cl
I3 cl
p1
n
I -
W a5
.
H
CI
v)
P
m
a a
1 1
W
0
0 VI
v)
cl
c
a :
I
rn Pl z H rn
0
c
0
f
m
( 0
a a
0
pl
&
a
W
I1
e
c
4
E4
v)
2 %
cl
= r
0
N
a
m
H d
N
a
u )
v)
0
r z . 4
v)
0
0
2.
0
I
a
W
U
v)
II
m
+ I 3 U
ra3
0
I n I
e a :
m
4
d U
P W
I -
a
Ul
PI
v)
o
0
rII U N
4 0
II H
u
m
0
m
4
4
I c
0,
1
a5
n
U
n n r J
N 0 1
I 1
u
N
ffi
It
5 U
a :
m
4
cl
3 .
N
I
I1
a :
li U
ffi
T a b l e A . 6d
T I P E R E D H U B PLBNGE CALCULATICNS FOR MOMENT LOIDING
SLSO=
(continued)
4.0624D
04
S L S I = -4.062UD
04
3.4843D 1.2382D
04 04
SCSI=
%LO= STH=
4 . 1 2 7 5 D 04 1 . 9 6 9 9 0 04
S L L I = -4.12750
04
04
S C L I = -1.2382D
1.4887D 0 4
ZG= -1.8372D-02
QPHG=
2.47280-02
Yo=
S R F = -1.1721D
2.1724D-02
SLSO=
SLLO= STR=
2.1290D 2.7967D
08
SLSI=
3.879UD 0 3 8.6968D 03 03
SCSO= SCLO=
2.1596D 04 8.3902D 0 2 03
04
03 02 6.0715D-18 THETA= - 2 . 7 1 3 2 D - 0 3
03
SLLI=
1.3997D OU
STF= -1.6503D
Z C = -1.5453D-02
ZG= - 6 . 7 6 7 1 D - 0 3
QFHG=
YO=
1.4584D-02
Y 1=
1.'2228D
00
S L S I = -1.2228D
00
SCSO=
1.0649D-01 00
S L L O = -1.3977D-01
SLLI=
1.3977D-01
SCLO= -1.8419D
STH=
1.1087D 00
SRH= -2.7247D-01
1.5072D-01
Y 1= -1.7259D-06
ZG= - 7 . 4 4 7 6 D - 0 7
ZC= -1.7007D-06
9.5590D-07
Y O = -2.4965D-07
W 2 FOR I T Y P E = 3 , 2.5654D
04
5.7309D
04
04
S L S I = -3.2139D
04
04
SCSO=
SCLOt SRH=
5.2489D
04
03
SCSI=
SLLO= STH=
3.9392D 04 3.1463D
SLLI= -2.7898D
S T P = -3.0541D
1.1816D 0 4 9.7592D
S C L I = -8.3712D
03
03 THETA= -9.0565D-03
04
QFHG=
ZG= - 2 . 3 0 5 7 D - 0 2
ZC= -5.3667D-02
3.0610D-02
YO=
S R F = -9.9860D
3.3844D-02
Y 1 = -1.7259D-06
80
r e s i d u a l b o l t l o a d a f t e r a p p l i c a t i o n of a p r e s s u r e of 1080 p s i i s
W 2 = 3.5933 x l o 6 l b .
The v a l u e of t h e c r i t i c a l b o l t load t o p r e v e n t
g r o s s leakage i s
5 x 4
With an i n i t i a l b o l t s t r e s s o f 44,300 p s i , t h e r e s i d u a l b o l t load i s now greater than W an i n i t i a l b o l t s t r e s s of 44,300 p s i i s s u f f i c i e n t f o r t h e j o i n t t o p a s s a h y d r o s t a t i c t e s t t o 1080 p s i , a l b e i t w i t h no margin of s a f e t y . p r e s e l e c t e d f o r example 3(b) t o a c h i e v e t h i s f i n a l r e s u l t . I t is As t h e r e a d e r may have surmised, t h e i n i t i a l b o l t s t r e s s o f 44,300 p s i was p e r t i n e n t t o n o t e t h a t , because of t h e l i n e a r n a t u r e of t h e c a l c u l a t i o n s ,
it i s not necessary t o i t e r a t e i n order t o f i n d a value f o r t h e i n i t i a l
C
lo6
To
7 20
(1.648 x l o 6 )
.
lo6,
and t h e corresponding
81
bolt loading only. The maximum stress due to pressure loading only of the blind flange (Table A.5c) is SORT
=
This also represents a stress at the center of the blind flange due to 13,144 psi.
from the Code calculation (Table A.3) is SP = 14,121 psi. loading (Table A.5c) is SORT
=
A Comparable stress
The maximum stress due to combined bolt loading and pressure 14,749 psi.
stress is not the sum of the stress due to the initial bolt load and the stress due to pressure. Rather, the program recognizes that the pressure changes the bolt load - in this example, from 2.743 x lo6 lb down to 1.0948 x l o 6 (Table A.5b). Stresses for combined loadings are related
equation a c
to stresses for initial bolt loading only and pressure only by the
= a W2+a , b W 1 p
.-
to pressure only.
stress due
+
1.78Wh ) from paragraph UG-34 and Figs. UG-34 ( j ) and (k)] can be deG rived by assuming that the blind flange is a flat circular plate of outside the diameter d is ignored. The plate is simply supported along d and loaded by edge moment WhG and pressure p . Wh is either the
G
The metal
accurate than that used in the Code, and the relatively good agreement between stresses in Table A.5c and those in Table A . 3 is, in part, significant amount of flange material outside the gasket diameter d.
Tapered-Hub Flange Stresses, Example 3(a) to permit direct comparison with the stresses given for example 1 in Example 3(a) was run with an initial moment of 1.1719 x
l o 7 in.-lb
82
Table A . 2 under t h e heading "ASME FLANGE STRESSES AT OPERATING MOMENT, MOP." in.-lb. I n example 1, t h e v a l u e f o r MOP was determined t o be 1.1719 x l o 7 To b e c o n s i s t e n t with t h e Code c a l c u l a t i o n s i n t h i s example
[ 3 ( a ) ] , we chose I B g N D = 0 . C a l c u l a t e d s t r e s s e s f o r t h e tapered-hub f l a n g e a r e shown i n Table A.5d. The Code method c o v e r s o n l y moment l o a d i n g . The s t r e s s e s i n Table A.5d f o r i n i t i a l moment l o a d i n g o n l y a r e t h e same as t h o s e i n Table A . 2 f o r o p e r a t i n g moment, MOP: S t r e s s v a l u e s from Table A.5d SLLO = 23,411 p s i STH = 11,173 p s i
SRH =
8,444 p s i
The Code method g i v e s s t r e s s e s a t t h e small end of t h e hub i f t h e Code f a c t o r f i s g r e a t e r than 1.0; otherwise, it gives s t r e s s e s f o r t h e l a r g e end of t h e hub. The Code method c a l c u l a t e s r a d i a l and t a n g e n t i a l Usually t h e s e a r e h i g h e r
stresses on t h e hub s i d e of t h e f l a n g e o n l y .
t h a n t h e corresponding s t r e s s e s on t h e f a c e s i d e of t h e f l a n g e , but i n t h i s example, STH = 11,173 p s i i s l e s s t h a n STF = -18,482 p s i i n a b s o l u t e magnitude. t h e hub. S t r e s s e s f o r p r e s s u r e l o a d i n g o n l y , t e m p e r a t u r e l o a d i n g o n l y , and combined l o a d i n g s a r e shown as t h e 2nd, 3rd, and 4 t h groups of s t r e s s e s i n Table A.5d. The small v a l u e s under t h e heading "CALCULATIONS FOR
TEMPERATURE LOADINGS" come from u s i n g DELTA = 0 . 0 1 , s i n c e DELTA = 0 i s
not a p e r m i s s i b l e input value. Combined s t r e s s e s a r e not t h e sum of t h e s t r e s s e s due t o t h e t h r e e individual loads. 7.7814 x R a t h e r , t h e program r e c o g n i z e s t h a t p r e s s u r e and t e m p e r a t u r e change t h e moment from M 1 = 9.3433 x
lo6
lo6
in.-lb to M2 =
The maximum s t r e s s
I t should b e noted t h a t M 1 i s n o t t h e same as t h e i n p u t moment XMOA. The program w i l l a c c e p t any v a l u e f o r c a l c u l a t i n g s t r e s s e s b u t , f o r c a l c u l a t i n g b o l t load changes, i t assumes t h a t t h e moment i s equal t o W(C-G)/2.
83
under combined loads (in this example, residual moment and pressure) is
SLLO = 23,411 psi.
Blind and Tapered-Hub Flange Stresses, Example 3(b) Stresses are shown in Table A.6c and A.6d for blind and tapered-hub
high for the realistic initial bolt stress of 44,300 psi needed to pass the hydrostatic test pressure of 1080 psi [i.e., SORT = 24,984 psi for flange (Table A.6dI. Comments on the significance of these high calthe blind flange (Table A.6c) and SLSO = 57,309 psi for the tapered-hub culated stresses are included later in the discussion of examples 4a and
4b.
Displacements
ZC for the blind flange or ZG, ZC, QFHG, YO, Y1, and THETA for the
and 4(b).
Tables A.5 and A.6 include, along with stresses, the displacements
84
IDENTICAL PAIR OF TAPERED-HUB FLANGES, EXAMPLES 4 ( a ) AND 4(b) I n p u t Data The i n p u t d a t a f o r Examples 4 ( a ) and 4 ( b ) a r e shown i n Table A . 7 . The i n i t i a l b o l t s t r e s s of 46,100 p s i and corresponding W 1 = 6.312 x
6.312 x
a t t h e h y d r o s t a t i c - t e s t p r e s s u r e of 1080 p s i .
The v a l u e of W 1 =
lo6
lo7 in.-lb.
s p h e r i c temperature. t e m p e r a t u r e of 850F.
lo7
Output Data Residual Bolt Loads The o u t p u t d a t a f o r example 4 ( a ) a r e shown i n Table A . 8 . o u t p u t d a t a s t a r t s with a p r i n t o u t of a l l i n p u t d a t a . by r e s i d u a l b o l t l o a d s and moments (Table A.8b). The r e s i d u a l b o l t load i s given by W2 = 3.585 x l o 6 l b . The c r i t The
The p a r a m e t e r s
involved i n t h e b o l t - l o a d - c h a n g e c a l c u l a t i o n s a r e t h e n p r i n t e d , followed
Accordingly, t h e r e s u l t s of example 4 ( a ) i n d i c a t e t h a t an
= nG2 p / 4 = 3.584 x 0
Input data for tapered-hub-to-tapered-hub flanged joint, examplesa 4a and 4b Variables and numerical values IBOND
0
ICODE
0
MATE 2
go
73.9375 XMOA
57.5314 EF
5.9375
gl
1.2343
2.7030 G
5.4362
69.4375
1080.
6. D-6
3. D+7
DELTA^
.Ol EB
6. D-6
(300.)
8E10.5
YM 3. D+7
TB TG
0 0
62.625 XGO
65.
YB YG
XG I
vo
136.92
AB
7E10.5 6E10.5
EG
6. D-6
FACE
0
.0625 w1
3. D+6
6.3120D+6
TF
0
~~
TFP
0
_ -
(2.25D+7)
3. D+7
YF2
(2.25D+7)
3 . D+7
YFP2
YB2
(2.25D+7)
(2.25D+6)
3 . D+6
YG2
7E10.5
bSince DELTA cannot be entered as zero, 0.01 was used as a satisfactorily small value.
T a b l e A.8a.
O.D.,A
FLANGE 73.93750
FLANGE I.D.,B
57.53140
HUB
COEFP. OF DELTA U O D . OF R E A N GASKET THERflAL EXP. ELASTICITY DIAMETER 2.150D 0 7 6.000D-06 1.000D-02 3.000D 0 7 6.263D 0 1 UOUENT BSIZE 2.2500D 0 0 VO 6.2500D-0 2 I41 6.3120D 0 6
YB
YG
MATE 2
XGI
3.0000D 0 7 3.0000D 0 6
0.0
TP
0.0
0.0
TG 07
YF 2 3.0000D
X GO
PBE
06
FLANGE J O I N T BOLT LOAD C H A N G E D U E TO APPLIED LOADS. FLANGE J O I N T S I D E ONE QFHG= i . i 9 6 a ~ - o g QPHG= YM = 3.0000D 07 (PRIUED QUANTITIES)
QTHG=
IDENTICAL PAIR
8.0422~-06 YF2 =
3.0000D 0 7
9.559013-05 EP =
XB =
5.75318 6.0000D-06
01
GO=
1.23631) 0 0
TH
5.9375D
00
FLANGE J O I N T SIDE TU0 (UNPRIUED QUANTITIES) QFHG= i . i 9 6 8 ~ - 0 9 QPHG= Y H = 3.0000D 0 7 BOLTING BOLT LE N G T H = 1.4188D 0 1 YB = 3.0000D 07 GASKET
VO YG
X B = 5 . 7 5 3 1 ~ 01 6.0000D-06
GO=
1.2343D
00
TR
5.9375D
00
01
6.2500D-02 = 3.0000D
06
XGO
Table A . 8 b
(continued)
LOADINGS INITIAL BOLT LOAD= 0.0 GASKET TEHP.= 6.3120D 0 6 BOLT TEHP.= 0.0 DELTA= 1.0000D-02 DELTAP= FLANGE O N E TERP.= 0.0 1.0000D-02 PRESSURE= FLANGE T U 0 TERP.= 1.0800D 03 0.0
RESIDUAL BOLT LOADS AFTER THERMAL-PRESSURE LCADS AXIAL THERRAL,WZA= TOTAL PRESSURP,UZC=
COMBINED,UZ=
6.3120D 3.58520
06 06
OORENT SHIFT,U2@=
5.0760D 0 6 6.3118D 06
DELTA THERIAL,HZD=
3.5850D 0 6 W1-H28= U2B/W1= 1.236OD 06 8.0418D-01 Ul-Y2C= U2C/U1= 2.7268D 0 6 5.6799D-01 Vl-W2D=
UZD/Ul=
Wl-U2A= YZA/Wl=
0.0
1.6408D 0 2 9.9997D-01
Ul-Y2= U2/Yl=
2.7270D 0 6 5.6796D-01
1.0000D 00
HI=
H2BP=
2.1500D
07
N2A=
2.1500D 07
H2B=
2.3369D 07
R2C=
1.8291D 07
12D=
2.1500D
07
N2=
1.8290D 0 7
2 . 3 3 6 9 0 07
fl2CP=
1.8291D 0 7
12P=
1.8290D 07
Table A. 8c
(continued)
TAPERED H O B FLANGE
04 04 04
SCSO= SCLO=
SRH=
3.6258D
04
SCSI=
1.089413 04
04
04
1.2885D 0 4 1.5492D 0 4
04 04
1.6524D-18
THETA= -7.4448D-03
ZG= -1.9118D-02
QFHG=
2.5732D-02
Yo=
Yl=
SLSO=
2.129011 0 4 2 . 7 9 6 7 8 03 1.39972, 04
SLSI=
SLLI=
3.8794D
03
SCSO= SCLO=
2.1596D 8.3902D
04
SCSI= SCLI=
SLLO=
STH=
8.6968D 0 3 03
02
03 YO=
STF= -1.6503D
SRH= -3.4397D
8.68568-03
SRF=
co
ZG= -6.7671D-03
ZC= -1.5453D-02
QPHG=
1.4584D-02
Y 1=
00
SCSO=
1.0649D-01
S C S I = -6.2722D-01
SLLO= -1.3977D-01
STH=
1.3977D-01
SCLO= -1.8419D
00
SCLI= -1.7581D
SRP=
00
1.1087D 00
STF= -6.1330D-01
1.5072D-01 Y 1= -1.7259D-06 =
THETA= -2.9860D-07
Z G = -7.4476D-07
ZC= -1.7007D-06
QPHGt
Y O = -2.4965D-07
1.8290D 0 7
04
04 04
SCSOr
SCLO=
SCSI=
SCLI= -8.3541D
STH=
SRH=
03
ZG= -2.3032D-02
QPHGS
3.0576D-02
YO=
SRP= -9.9698D
3.3814D-02
Y1= -1.7259D-06
THETA= -9.0466D-03
89
identical in format to Table A.8 for example 4(a). lower in example 4(b) load for example 4(b) is given by W2 than in 4(a),
=
The output data for example 4(b) are shown in Table A.9, which is 3.2718 x l o 6 lb. The pressure is The residual bolt
moment PBE.
makes the effect of the equivalent pressure correspond to the external to prevent leakage by an extension of the concept of the initial bolt load Wc, which was discussed in the previous section. We made the
conservative assumption that the maximum tensile stress due to the circumference) acts around the complete circumference of the pipe.
CY
external bending moment (which exists only at one point on the pipe
value of W
the sum of E q . (A.2) and the axial load due to the bending moment; thus
T r 2 Wc=G p + A S , 4 0 P b
The
where
S b
= n(B =
go) g o
x 6S2 x 3 0 0 )
.+
2.7045 x
=
l o 6 lb .
moment giving both an axial bending stress of 7500 psi in the attached pipe of 1.2343-in. wall thickness and an internal pressure of 300 psi. undergo significant relaxation due to creep in the flanges and bolts, At 850"F, the carbon-steel flanges and bolts would be expected to
46,100 psi can carry, at least for a short time at 850"F, an external
results indicate that the flanged joint with an initial bolt stress of
Because W2
FLANGE
O.D.,A
73.93750
HOHENT
2.150D
COEFF. O F DELTA R O D . OF HEAN GASKET THERIAL EXP. ELASTICITY D I AHETER 0 7 6.000D-06 1.000D-02 3.000D 0 7 6.263D 0 1
YB 3.0000D
YG
ITYFE 1 TB
URTE
0
X GO
2
XGI
BSIZE 2.2500D
6.2500D-0 2 W 1 6.3120D 0 6
vo
00
07
EB
3.0000D 0 6 TF 0.0
0.0
07
AB 1.3692D 0 2
YG2 2.2500D
07
u3 0
FLANGE JOINT BOLT LOAD C H A N G E D U E TO APPLIED LOADS, IDENTICAL PAIR FLbNGE J O I N T S I D E ONE (PRIIED QUANTITIES) QFHG= 1.1968D-09 QPHG= y n = 3 . 0 0 0 0 ~ 07 1.1968D-09 QPAG= Y I = 3.0000D 07 BOLTING BOLT LENGTH= 1.4188D 0 1 Y E = 3.0000D 0 7 GASKET
VO
YG
8.0422D-06 YF2 =
X B = 5.7531D 6.00COD-06
01
GO=
1.2343D 00
TH
5 . 9 3 7 5 D 00
FLPNGE J O I N T SIDE T W O (ONPRIIED QUANTITIES) QPHG= 8.0422D-06 YF2 = QTHG= 9.559OD-05 2.25001, 07 EP =
XB =
5.7531D 6.0000D-06
01
GO=
1.2343D 00
TH
5 . 9 3 7 5 D 00
01
Table A. 9b
(continued)
LOADINGS
I N I T I A L BOLT LOAD= GASKET TEMP.= 0 . 0
0.0
6.3120D 0 6
MOMENT SHIPT,HZB=
5.2625D
06
TOTAL PRESSURE,UZC=
COMBINED,YZ=
4.8U84C
06
DELTA THERMAL,W2D=
6.3118D
06
3.2718D 06 Wl-WZB= W2B/Wl= 1.0495D 06 8.337UD-01 YI-W2C= Y2C/Wl= 1.U636D 0 6 7.6813D-01 Ul-W2D= W2D/Yl= 1.6U08D 0 2 9.9997D-01 Wl-U2= U2/U1= 3.0402D 06 5.1835D-01
iil-WZA= U2A/Wl=
0.0
1.0000D 0 0
MI=
MZBP=
2.1500D 1:9614C
07
07
M2A=
2.1500D
07
M2B=
1.9614D 0 7
M2C=
1.8203D 07
M2D=
2.1500D 0 7
M2=
1.2833D
07
M2CP=
1.8203D 0 7
M2P=
1.28330 07
Table A . 9c
(continued)
4.2273D 4.2951D
04
04
04 04 04
SCSO=
SCLO=
3.62581, 1.2885D
04 04
SCSI=
1.08941) 04 04
04
SLLO= STH=
S C L I = -1.2885D
2 . 0 4 9 9 0 04
SRH=
1.5492D 0 4
ZG= -1.9118D-02
QFHG=
2.5732D-02
Yo=
Y1=
1.6524D-18
THETA= -7.4448D-03
CALCULATIONS FOR PRESSURE L O A D I N G SLSO= SLLO= STH= 5.914OD 0 3 7.768713 02 SLSI= SLLI= 1.0776D 0 3 2.4158D
SCSO=
5.9990D 0 3 2.3306D 0 2 02
SCSI= SCLI=
SRF=
4.5481D
03
03
02
SCLO=
7.2473D 02 1.1266D 02
3.888013 0 3
STY= -4.5841D
ZG= -1.8798D-03
ZC= -4.2924D-03
QPHGS
Yo=
4.0510D-03
Y1=
8.6736D-19
THETA= -7.5365D-04
00
SCSO=
1.0649D-01
1.3977D-01
00
1
00
STF= -6.1330D-01
Z C = -1.7007D-06
1.507223-01
Y I = -1.7259D-06
Z G = -7.U476D-07
QPHGZ
Y O = -2.4965D-07
07
3.1147D 2.64131)
OU
04
04
2.76411)
04
SCSI=
SLLO= STH=
04
SCLO= SRH-
7.92228 0 3 8.2910D 03
SCLI;: -6.9680D
1.6125D 0 4
04
SRF= -7.1671D
1.75041)-02
03
THETA= -5.1976D-03
Z G = -1.3292D-02
QFHG=
1.7772D-02
YO=
Y I = -1.7259D-06
93
particularly with the high bolt stresses and flange stresses involved in example 4(b). expect the flanges and/or bolts to creep so that a residual bolt stress
=
For long-term service (many years) at 850F, one might 2000 x 136.92
=
of around 20,000 psi would exist, at which time W2 2.7384 x lo6 lb. Because this is larger than W
C
obtained from E q . (A.5), indications are that the flanged joint could margin of safety. still carry the external moment and pressure, albeit with almost no
2.7045 x l o 6 lb
where S = relaxed bolt stress, assumed here to be 20,000 psi. 'brAb ' br The permanent loss in bolt load, in this example, is 3.2718 x l o 6 to pass a hydrotest of 1080 psi, but it is extremely unlikely such a 20,000 x 136.92
=
then the bolt load does not return to its initial value upon returning to initial conditions. The permanent l o s s in bolt load would be W2 -
hydrotest would be required for a system operating at 300 psi and 850'F. Flange Stresses 4(b), Tables A.8c and A.9c show the flange stresses for examples 4(a) and respectively. The maximum calculated stress occurs in example
=
not the sum of the stresses due to initial moment loading only plus
are strong enough to pass the hydrostatic test. To pursue this question, it is appropriate to tabulate the tangential and radial stresses at initial and pressurized conditions: Condition Initial STH 20,499
STF -33,907
SRH
15,492 9,739
Pressurized
31,436
- 30,496
94
I t should b e noted t h a t t h e s t r e s s e s a r e , i n l a r g e p a r t , bending stresses. Before l a r g e p l a s t i c deformations o c c u r , t h e s e s t r e s s e s must r e a c h about where S i s t h e y i e l d s t r e n g t h of t h e f l a n g e m a t e r i a l . F u r t h e r , Y Y high s t r e s s e s i n t h e hub w i l l n o t l e a d t o l a r g e p l a s t i c deformations if 1.5s t h e r e i s r e s e r v e s t r e n g t h i n t h e f l a n g e r i n g as i n d i c a t e d by r e l a t i v e l y low t a n g e n t i a l and r a d i a l s t r e s s e s . If t h e capability f o r calculating t h e s e s t r e s s e s has been a t t a i n e d , t h e n e x t l o g i c a l s t e p i s t o conduct an e x t e n s i v e s t u d y t o develop s u i t a b l e d e s i g n c r i t e r i a f o r s t r e s s l i m i t s i n flanged j o i n t s . conditions: Stress L o n g i t u d i n a l hub stresses R a d i a l stress o r t a n g e n t i a l s t r e s s Averages of r a d i a l o r t a n g e n t i a l s t r e s s and l o n g i t u d i n a l hub stress U n t i l such a s t u d y i s conducted, however, t h e f o l l o w i n g
Limit
<1.5s
<S - Y <S
- Y
The above c r i t e r i o n makes t h e average of SLSO and STH under p r e s s u r i z e d conditions [ i . e . , 1/2(5.7253 x
lo4
3.1436 x
lo4)
= 44,344 p s i ] t h e
c o n t r o l l i n g s t r e s s and i n f e r s t h a t t h e f l a n g e d j o i n t i s a c c e p t a b l e , provided t h e f l a n g e - m a t e r i a l y i e l d s t r e n g t h i s n o t l e s s t h a n 44,344 p s i . Dimlacements I n t i g h t e n i n g t h e b o l t s t o 46,100 p s i , t h e q u e s t i o n a r i s e s as t o whether t h e f l a n g e s w i l l r o t a t e so t h a t c o n t a c t o c c u r s on t h e o u t e r edge. Table A.8c shows v a l u e s o f THETA, t h e r o t a t i o n of t h e r i n g a t t h e An e s t i m a t e * of t h e displacement o f t h e mean r a d i u s o f t h e p i p e wall.
r i n g edge w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e g a s k e t c e n t e r l i n e can b e o b t a i n e d by
95
m u l t i p l y i n g 'THETA by ( A - G ) / 2 , and g a s k e t c e n t e r l i n e .
THETA = -9.0466 x
t h e r a d i a l d i s t a n c e between t h e r i n g edge
loe3
96
COMPUTER TIME The six examples discussed in this appendix were run on Battelle's
deck (converted to double precision for use on the IBM machine) has 1583 cards. The total length of the program is 80K bytes (10,240 actual
words), and it needs no auxiliary storage devices except standard read has a compilation time of 19.4 sec. The total execution time for the six examples was 1.15 sec. and write units. The program requires 270K bytes for compilation and
97
99
APPENDIX B
CONTENTS
Page
1. 2.
. .
. .
101
. . . . . .
114
101
ORNL-DWG
75-4300
START
STOP
Call TAPHUB
Call BLIND
Call STHUB
= 1.2.4. 6
=S
Relabels calculated data to identify it as belonging to first of pair of flanges. First flange is a blind flange.
Relabels calculated data to identify it as belonging to first of pair of flanges. First flange is not a blind flange
F i g . B. 1.
Program FLANGE.
102
ORNL-DWG 75-430fR
5
ldllLI\1
(3
Fig. B.2.
S u b r o u t i n e TAPHUB ( P a r t
1 ) .
103
P
,BOND GT 2'
ORNL-DWG 75-4302R
Calculate ASME-Code
5tresser
a
Gt 1'
Call S T O R t
h
F i g . B.2.
S u b r o u t i n e TAPHUB ( P a r t 2 ) .
104
O R N L - D W G 75-4303R
Call STORE
Fig. B.2.
Subroutine TAPHUB ( P a r t 3 ) .
105
ORNL- DWG 7 5 - 4 3 0 4
G I , HL. C.PRESS
No (ICODE = 2)
I
Fig. B.3. S u b r o u t i n e STHUB (Part 1 ) .
106
O R N L - D W G 75-430%
Fig. B . 3 .
S u b r o u t i n e STHUB ( P a r t 2 ) .
107
O R N L - DWG 75 - 4 3 0 6 R
HL C PRtSS
Yes (ICODt
2)
Nu (ICODt
Read XMOA. t F . DELTA YM C
01
RI.TLIKN
(7.
Caliulrre value\ o1 C. m d G
D.XA.
1
I
cqilatlon VI
I
Call ASMEIN
RtTUKN
' k
Fig. B.4.
Subroutine BLIND.
108
O R N L - D W G 75-4307
BO
= (GOUT
GIN)/4
Use input BO
Set
Calculate ASME-Code
SIEPE~S
~-
- -
- - - - --
I
I
Fig. B . 5 .
Subroutine ASMEIN.
109
z
START
ORNL- DWG 75 - 4 3 0 8 ~
Read BSlZt YH. t R . TB. xco XGI. AH. VO YC EC TG FACE. PBE. W I . T F . TFP YF?.YFPZ.YB? YG?
Fig. B.6.
S u b r o u t i n e FLGDW ( P a r t 1 ) .
110
ORNL-DWG
75-4309R
\
\
\
Print: FLANGE JOINT SIDE ONE (PRIMED QUANTITIES), QFHGP, QPHGP, QTHGP, BP, GOP, THP, YFP, YFP2, EFP
/
/
/
Print: FLANGE JOINT SIDE TWO (UNPRIMED QUANTITIES) , QFHG, QPHG,QTHG, B, GO, T H , Y F , Y F 2 , E F
L
Calculate change in bolt loads
P
1
Print ratios of final t o initial bolt loads W2A/W1, W2B/W1, W2C/W1. W2D/W1, W2/W1
Print: RESIDUAL BOLT LOADS AFTER THERMAL-PRESSURE LOADS, W2A, W2B, W2C, W2D, W2
Print residual moments for second side of flanged joint MI, M2A, M2B, M2C, M2D, M2
/ 1
Calculate residual moments for first side of flanged joint
Print residual moments for first side of flanged joint M2BP, M2CP, M2P
Fig. B . 6.
Subroutine FLGDW ( P a r t 2 ) .
111
ORNL-DWG 7 5 - I4884
1
Store appropriate stresses for straight-hub flange
2 3
RETURN
F i g . B. 7 .
Subroutine STORE.
I ' m S U O , S U I , ScSO, SCSI, SLLO, SLLI, SCLO, SCLI, STH, STF. SRH, SRF. ZG, ZC. QFHG,
HUB FLANGE"
\
( +
Print S U O . SUI, SCSO. SCSI. STH. STF. SRH. SRF. ZC,'ZC. QFHG, YO. THETA ( f r v m STORE) Prmt S U O , SUI,SCSO. SCSI, SLLO, SLLI. SCLO, SCLI, STH, STF, SRH. SRF, ZG, ZC. QFHG, YO, Y I , THETA (from STORE)
112
RETURN
No
RETURN
Prmt SLSO. S U I . SCSO. SCSI, STH, STF, SRH. SRF. ZG, ZC. QFHL. YO. THtTA (trom STORE)
Print S U O , S U I , SCSO. SCSI, SLLO. SLLI, SCLO, SCLI. STH, STF, SRH, SRF, ZG. ZC, QFHG,
RETURN
Print S U O . SUI. SCSO. SCSI, STH, STF, SRH. SRF. ZG, ZC, QFHG, YO, THETA (from STORE)
1
I
Fig. B.8.
R tT [I RN
:--2 or 6
R~TURN
=:orb
Fig. B.8.
b u b r o u t i n e COMBIN ( P a r t 2 ) .
../
- 1
' i
rz
..
c3 m
d
- 1
c,
n
r,
t'
C
CL'
k
>
., <.
i :
>
0 rn
0
2
v)
0 C
115
3 L L T A P = P < LTA
10 RETUSN
^Jo
IT = IrYPE
TO
1
TLA
11 F O k M A ? 1 2 FOR?lAT
z ND
(151) (415)
FLA
54
55 56
57
DiI1ELSiI)N k ( 1 0 , 1 0 ) , d(1C). LTEMP(10), L ? ~ ? ( l o ) , LPC(1d). dfl(jd,ld) " k P 0 D I S E N S I O ! v S B ( E , 18) , S C 1 k) iAP 7ir A . , L, P ti Z S 5 , A bS , ix32 , C 1, ~13.2 4 , Y M ,TAL' C: 0MY.O N I T YPP ,i BC N E , I C CD b, n AT E ,X A, X u, i 1 AE, k F tin ( 4 ) ,AL , 3 E i ?A, XMO ,XMOA ,QFHGP, dPflG P, C Y H G ? , b r , o J 2 , I d P , Y F Z , E F?, 1hP 10 ~ A P 12 23 E L TA P ,G 0 UT ,G IEr , i CG TAP 7A 3 , S L S O ,S;SI ,SL S C ,SCSi , S L i O ,S I L i , S C L 3 , 3 CL i, S: H U,S? F,ST;h, SF F, Z 3 , Z C , $ F h G , Y O , Y 1 , 7 1 , ' i r i Z T h , S O n r ,SGa , S G L , > L S , J L ? , S ~ Z ? L AP 7b s,w2 ,wi . ~ B , K A , I ~ , X ~ ~ , X ~ ~ . X ~ ~ ~ ?AP 7C L Ti E ?I? / 1 3* c / , L?I / 1 c- o/ ,LP, / l d o/ , P a/ 1 u LJ -0. / D A? h A/ 10 c* 0. /, E/ 10- 0 ./,
Z AP
2 AP 2 2 A2 4 G 1- 2 8-7 5
TAP
? AP
14
TA ?
TA? T AP 2 AP TAP
:AP
20 2.2 24 26 2d
30 32
16 18
TAP AP
, "
34 A 36 38 40 42 44
48 A
46
r AP
50 52
54 56 58
60 62 64
r AP r Ai?
TAT 1 AP
:A?
70 72A
7 4
06 68
A : P
2 hP
r AP
h?
76 78 80 82
d4
i AP
36
116
T24=T20*T4 TAP T ~ = 2T 4*r 4 TAP T 3 L =T28*T4 TAP C * * COBR. T O CAFD5 T b P S 4 - 1 4 9 OF SUBR. ' I A ? H U B , 0 2 - 2 7 - 7 5 . a E R X = . 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 i4DO-156.2499999995701DO*T4+67A. 1 6 8 4 0 7 ~ 6 6 i 09 1 D O * T T AP 1 8 - 4 7 0 . 9 5 0 2 7 9 5 889968DO*T12 +93.8596692971726DO*T16- 7 . 2 4 2 2 5 6 7 2 7 U ~ 0 7 D OTAP 2* T LO+ . 2 59 7 7 7 3 G O 07 LG*T 2 4-. C C 48 9 8 7 1 2 5 7 2 7D O* '12 8+ . O Ob O> 1 b 0 7 0 4 6 3 Db T 32 AP B ? X X=-'IL* ( - 2 4 . 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 LO + 4 3 4 . 0 2 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 4 8 D O * T 4 - 6 7 8 . 1 6 8 4 0 2 7 7 6 9 4 A P 1 3 0 7 C O * T B + P U O . 2 8 6 7 f 4 9 4 4 2 5 7 4 D C c 1 1 2 - 2 8 . 9 6 9 0 3 3 d 7 8 6 4 9 9 D u * 1 1 6 +1 .U9b 3 3 4 2 7 r AP 249742DC*T20- . 0 3 d 4 i 8 8 2 8 2 534CC*T24+ . 0 0 3 5 4 4 4 2 4 3 1 7 5 DO*Tdd-. 4 4 9 1 i i ~ - 5 * 1 3 T AP 42 1 TAP DBi?FX=T3* (-62.499599J599399DO+542.534722222.2141EO*~4-505. lU3335047TAP 19486D O * T 8 + 1 5 0 . 1 7 5 4 7 1 8 4 3 2 2 7 8 EO *T 1 2 - 1 4. U845 1694Yd40 3 3 0 * T 1 6 + . 6 L347263TAP 2 4 8 2 4 3 D W T 50-. 0 1 j 7 2 4 6 0 3 6 13D C * T 2 4 + . 1 7 0 1 4 5 3 4 5 1D-3*Tk E-. lL50604bD-5*'23TBP 32 1 r AP DE P I X = - W ( - 4 . 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 9 9 9 99 3 C O + 260. 4 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 3 3DO* ' I4 - 6 7 8 . 1 0 8 4 0 2 7 747TAP 1539DO*T8+336. ' 9 3 0 E 6 4 0 2 3 6 5 1 D W 1 1 2 - 5 2 . 1 4 4 2 6 C H 9 7 5 9 0 5 D J * T l b + 3 . ~ 9 l Y 3 5 i l P A P ~08579D C* T20-. 0 9 9 9 14 7 0 6 4 93 2 CO*Y24 t . 3 0 1 6 3 31 1 0 0 8 3 7 DO *12a-. 0 O U 3 l b L 2 6 9 8 1 A? 384DO*T32) FA? R 1X=T2* ( 2 4 . 9 9 9 9 9 9 5 9 9 9 S 9 3 D C - 1 9 5 . 7 1 7 5 9 2 5 9 2 4 F 6 6 D @cP4 + 1 5 U d . J 3 4 S 1 3 6 7 3 0 9 ; AP 1 9 2 D 0 * T 8 - 6 2 3 . 0 1 ~ 6 7 1 7 4 0 5 2 0 1 LO*? 1 2 + 6 1 . 9 5 2 4 7 7 1 6 0 6 2 D O * T l o - + . 5 1 8 7 4 5 9 1 3 2 6 T A P 239DO*T 40 +. 1 2 2 2 0 E7 2821 9 L O O * 1 2 4 - - 0 0 1 8 0 6 4 7 1 7 860D O"T2 8,. 1 5 4 3 b j O 47D-4* TAP 3T 32) TAP R2X=T4* ( 2 3 4 . 3 7 5 - 1 4 1 2 . d S 0 8 391203636DO*T4 + I 153. 8 2 8 1 8 > 2 8 1 4 5 0 1 D 3 @ 'r8-25TAP 1 5 . 0 0 7 1 7 4 2 7 1 0 4 79DO+T 12 1 2 1.2 1 2 3 4 5 1 6 6 0 2 3 1D O* 11 6- .806 1 3 ~ 0Y2 7 8 7 6 DO*T20 +P A P 2 . 0 1 5 Y 3 ~ 0 1 4 9 7 0 5 D 0 * 1 2 4 - . C O O 1 7 9 7 6 2 7 9 8 6 C ~ * T 2 8 + . 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 6 1 1 J 9 ~ ~ ~ l ' 3 2 PAP ) DR1 X=T* (4.99Y 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 7 5 CO - 4 7 7 . 4 30 555555 15 'it,CO*T 4 + 15Ud. 4 dq 51 966 5203TAP 15!30*T8-872. 2 1 9 1 4 0 z 6 7 2 4 5 5 D C * ' 1 1 2 + 1 4 1 . 5 1 4 ~ 5 8 5 9 1 3 3 3 7 D 0 * T l b - Y . 94 1 2 4 0 3 2 0 1 A P ,2972 5 D O*TL O + . 3 1 1 7 4 1 8 4 3 1)6 8 6 CO*T 24-. 0 0 5 4 1 6 8 5 5 6 4 0 8DO* TLd+. 0 00 0 5 2 3 2 9 4 3 1 TAP 34r)O*T32) TAP DR2X=T3*(93.7494959999958DC-l 130.2806712S62694DO* 'I4+1394.593822337TAP 1L 4 5 2D O* T 8 4 0 8 1 5 5 4 1 8 8 29 25 7 8 W *T 12 t 4 2.4.2 4 6 90 3 1 3 1 0 8 eDO* 11 b- 1.33 4 7 6 6 9TAP P 2 2 2 9 2 3 7 D O * T 2 0 + . 0 4 4 E263 8 6 2 1 4 5DO*T24-. OC C575 2 0 4 2 2 8 3D O*i'L8+ .O OG064 3 6 8 2 T A 3053DO*'f 3 2 ) ~ A Z E I X= .7 8 5 3 9 81 64 3 9 7 4 5 D O * E E R X + i 3 1X (. 5 7 7 2 1 5 66 49 DO + C 3 ) * b E i X TAP CEBX= +. 7 8 5 3 9 E 1 6 4 59745D C* B E 1 X- A2X- (. 5 7 7 2 1 5 6 6 4 9 D J + i 3 ) *BERX r AP D KE A X = + .7 8 5 3 9 81 64 3 9 7 4 5 DO* L E E I X -D22X ( E E R X /X ) (. 5 7 7.2 1 3 0 5 9 3 D'J +C3 ) *DBT A P 1X E X TAP D R E I X = - . 7 8 5 3 9 E 1 6 4 59 7 4 SD C* D B E a X + D R 1 X- (bLI X/X) (. 57 72 1 5 66 4 9 DJ +C3 ) *D BT A P 1EiX TAP G O 70 6 TAP 5 r=io.o/x r AP Z 1 = (DL XP ( + X / l .4 1 4 2 1 35 6 2 3 7 1DO ) / cj QdT ( 6 . 28 3 1 5 0 3 71 dDO* X) ) TAP C2 = (CEXP( - X / l . 4 1 4 2 1 3 6 2 3 7 1 D O ) * D S Q R ' I ( 1 . 5 7 0 7 S 6 3 2 679DO/X) ) r AP rw S I N 1 = DSI ti ( ( X / l . 11 42 1 3 5 6 2 3 7 1 EO) + ( . 3 9 2 6 9 9 G 8 1 6 99D0 ) ) S I N 2 = DSIlU ( ( X/1. 41 42 1 3 5 6 2 3 7 1 C O ) (. 3 9 2 6 9 9 C 8 1699DO)) TAP IA P COS1 = C C O S ( ( X / l . 1 1 4 2 1 3 5 6 2 3 7 1 D O ) + ( . 3 9 2 6 9 9 C 8 1 6 9 9 D O ) ) :OS2 = DCOS ( ( X/1. 41 42 1 3 5 6 2 3 7 1 C o ) (. 3 9 2 6 9 9 0 8 1 6 9 9 D O ) ) TAP r2=T*T TAP r 3 = ~ 2 * ~ PAP T 4=13* T TAP r 5=r4*r TAP T6=T5*T ~ A T 7 = 7 6 f 'f TAP 28=T7*T 7 AP S = l .+. 0 0 8 8 3 9 8 3 4 6 D O * T + . 7 0-9 *T2 -.OOOJ517869 C3*?3-.0 0301 1L207DO@ TU-. Or AP 1 0 0 0 61 6 192 DO*T5+.135D-d*T6 +.1452D-6'17+. 492D-7*T8 TAP T T = - . 0 088 38 8 3 UO D O * ' I CO C70 3 1 2 4 1D O* r 2 - - G C 0 C5 1 8 O O b D G+ T3 72 D-U*TU + . lr A P 16 4 3 1 OD-5* T5+. 5 9 2 9 L - 6 *T6 +. 7 5 0 3 - 7 *T7-. /43C-7*TB TAP U=l. 0 2 6 5 165C4ODC* I- .dD- 9*TL +.7L5024D- 4 * T 3 + . 1 4 4 2 5 3 - 4 * 1 4 + . 19780D-TAP 15*T 5 - . 1 4 1 D - 7 ~ 1 t-. 1 6 7 1C- E*17-. 563D- 7*T8 TAP V = + - 0 2 6 5 1 6 5 03 4DO* ' I + . 0 0 1 1 7 1 8 7 4 0 D O t T . 2 +. 7 2 5 1 7 9 D-4*T3 +. 79D- 8* T4-. 2001(2TAP 1D-5*T 5-. 699LD-6'T - .@E3D- 6* 1 7 * . 269U- 8*T8 I'AP BEPX=Cl*( ( S C C C . 5 2 ) - ( T i ' * S I N 2 ) ! r AP BEIX=C1* ( ( T T * C O S 2 ) + (S*SINi)) iAP D E C d X=C 1* ( ( U * C O S 1 ) (V*SIN 1) ) TAP 3BEIX=C1* ( ( V r C C S l ) + ( U * S I N l ) ) TAP T= : r AP TL=Zr T TAP T 3 = i 2* ' I TAP
88 90 92
94 k 96A 98 A 1 OOA 102A 104A 1058 106A 1C8A 110A i i i ~ 1 12A 114A 1 16A 117A
-.
-.
118 A 120A 122A 123A 124A 126 A 128A 130A 132A 134A 135A 136A 1 38A 140A IPU I A 142A 1 4 4 ~ 146 A 147A 148 A 149A 150 152 154B 1568 158~ 1608 1628 1648 166 168 170 172 P1 7 4 176 178 183A 182A 184 A 186A 188A 190A 192A 194n 196 198
202 234 206 208
200
117
14=;3*y r5=~44*~ ?6=15*T ?7=T6*T TAP TAP 210 212 214 216 218 223 A 2223 224A 226 A 230A 232 k 234A 23b 238 240 2U2 244 246 2U8 250 252 254 256 258 260 262 264 266 268 272 274 276 278 2d2 284 286 288 290 292 294 296 2'98 330 302 304 3Ob 308 310 112 314 316 318 320 322 324 P 326 328 330 332 334 336 336 342 3114 346 34U
1 AP TAP S = 1 . i . O C R B 3 8 8 ?4oD C* T t .7D- 9* 92-. 51 7869D-Q* T3-. 1 ILL 0 7 3 - 4 * ~ 4 - . 1b 1 9 2 0 - r A? 1 5+T 5 t . 1 3 5 D- 8* 16 i . 1 4 5 2 C-6*T7 + . 4 9 2D-7-T 8 TAP :I'=-. 8 8 3 8 d j 4 D - 2 * l - . 7 0 3 1 L 4 1D-J*T2-. 5 1 8 0 6 6 E - 4 3 T 3-.7 2 3 - 8 * 2 4 + . 1 6 4 3 1 D - S T A P I* T 5 t. 5 9 19 D- 6 r ' I 6 i > 5 C D- 7 I' 7- . i 4 3D- 7* 18 r AP U=l O?c 5 1 6 5 C4 30 *T-. 8D-9 * T 2 i . 7 2 5 0 2 4 C - 4 * T 3 i . 1 4 4 2 5 5 9 - 4 * P 4 i . 1 Y 7 8 3 - 5 * I A P 115-. 147D-7*?6-. 1651D- 6*17-.563D-7*?8 ?AP V =+ - 0L O 5 1 6 5 0 3 4D O* T i . 1 1 7 I d 7 4D- 2 " T Z t . 72 57 79D-4* 23 + .79 3-d* 2+ L d U U 2D -r AP 15*T5- .6992D-b*P6-.883C-6*T7+. 269D-8tTB TAP C t R X = C 2 * ( (S*COSl) +(IT*SIN 1 ) ) ? BP Z L p i X=C 2 ( ( TT*CC S 1 ) ( S * S I N 1) ) TAP DKEi3X=-C2* ( ( U * C O S > ) + ( V * S T N 2 ) ) TAP I AP D K XI X = -C2 * ( ( V * C O S 2 ) ( U * SI It 2) ) 6 ZOYXNCZ TAP I F (J-1) 7.7, 8 TAP TAP 7 ?c=(i./(EHa-i.))-*.5 J =J+1 TAP k ( 1 , l ) =DBSX TAP A (1 , 2 ) =DdEI X TAP k ( 1 , j ) = DK LR X TAP A ( 1 , 4 ) =3KE;X 2 AP A (1 , 5 ) =a. TAP B ( 1 . 6 ) =-PO TAP A (1,7) =O. 7 trP A (1 , 8 ) = C . TAP A (1,9) =o. 2 AP A (1 ,1 0) = O . PAP A ( 2 . 1 ) =-X*BL-X-$.*DBZEX TAP B ( 2 , 2 ) =X' BblX-2. * L D E I X ? AP 4 ( 2 . 3 ) = - X * C i i X-2. * D K F F X TAP li ( 2 , 4 ) =X*CkX-2.+ f K i I X TAP A ( 2 , 5 ) = - ( X * P 0 / ( 2 . **.5)) r AP A ( 2 , 6 ) = A (L,5) TAP k ( 2 , 7 ) =u. i kP A (2 , 8 ) =L?. ZAP A(2,9)=C. TAP A (2,lO) =o. ?Ai? 4 ( 3 , l ) =4. * X * B ti X i R. *D dE iii-X+X *D3EIK IAP A ( 3 , 2 ) = - 4 . + L + E L F X +8.* C K , I X t X * X * D a " X TAP A ( 3 , 3 ) =4. * X * C C I X i E . + D K L S X - X * X * D K E i X AP h ( 3 , 4 ) =-4 . * X * C 2 5 X i A . ' C K ~ i X + X c X ' S K E d X TAP A(3,5)=-X'X*20 r AP A ( 3 , 6 ) =C. TAP A ( 3 . 7 ) -0. TAP A ( 3 , Y ) =c. PAP A (3,9)=0. 1AP A ( 3 , l O ) =o. TAP k ( 4 , l ) =(-X*Ljr.RX+%.*CEEIX) 2AP A (4,L) =(-X*bIX-L.*Di3ERX) PAP A (4,J) = ( - X * C E F i X i 2 .* D K E I X ) TAP r AP it ( 4 , 4 ) = ( - X * CF I X - 2 .*DK 22 X) A ( 4 , 5 ) = A ( 2 ,5) TAP A (4.6) =-A ( 2 . 5 ) TAP A ( 4 , 7 ) =O. YAP A (4 , d ) = C . ~ A A ( 4 , 9 ) =O. TAP A(4,10)=0. TAP X = X * a HC** .5 TAP G O TO 3 TAP r AP tj P O = ( P H O / ( i 3 H O - 1 . ) ) **.s I F (IBOSD-1) 4 , 1 0 , l a TAP
T U
TB=?7*?
.-.
-.
228A
270
2d0
9 111=0.
rJL=O.
U3=0.
2AP
340
34=0. '35=D.
T kP
118
G O TO 1 1 TAP 10 PHI l=PO*PO r AP P=PPECS TAP XK2=XK*XK TAP Ul=TH/(4.*PHI l * H L ) r AP U L = X * X* Y M * G l * *3/ ( 8 7 . 3 6* TH* ( F H I l * HL) 3) TAP 0 3: (X B/Y!l) ( ( 1.3*XK 2 + -7) / (XK2- 1 .) ) r AP U4=- TH*XB*A LPHA*F5/(2. *HL* (1. +ALPHA) **2) TAP U 5= W. P HA* GO*X E*P/ (4. hL *T H ) TAP 11 AA7 l=DEFX r AP A A 1 L=DBEI X TAP AA13= C K t R X TAP A A 1U=DKEI X r AP AA21=- X*SEIX-2,*U E E R X TAP A A2 2= X + EPPX- 2 . *I: B L I X r AP AA23=- X W E I X-2. *D FESX TAP hA2U=X*LERX-2 .*CK E I X TAP A A U 1= (-X* E L R X +2.* [ B E I X ) r AP A A U 2 = (- X* B b i X-2. LBERX) TAP A A 4 3 = (-X*CERX +2.* fKEIX) TAP A A U U= ( X*C EX X 2. I: K E R X) r AP A ( 5 , I ) = A A 1 1 + UlLAA21 -U2* U3* AA4 1 TAP A (5. 2 ) = A B E + U WAA 22-II L* U3*AA 4 2 r AP A (5,3) =AA13+Ul*AA23-U2*U3 * X A 4 3 TAP A (5,4) =AA14 +Ul*AAi4-U2* U J * AP.44 TAP A (5,5) =O. r AP A (5.6) =O. TAP A (5,7)=0. TAP A (5.8) =O. TAP A (5.9) =O. TAP A ( 5 , l O ) =O. ~ A A ( 6 , l ) = - X * B E I 1-2. * D B Z I X ZAP h (6,2)=X*FERX-2.* L B E I X TAP A (6,3) =-X*CEIX-i. 4DKEBX TAP A ( 6 . 4 ) =X*CZBX-2.*LKEIX TAP A ( 6 , s ) =O. TAP A ( 6 . 6 ) =O. IA P A ( 6 , 7 ) = -2.O*PHIl**l.S*HL* (2.O*DLOG(XB) +1.0) TAP A ( 6 . 8 ) =-U.*PHIl** 1. 5*HL PAP A (4.9) =-2.*PHIl**1.5*HL/(XB*XB) TAP A (6.10) =O. PAP A(7,1)=U.*X*BEIX+8.*DEERX-X*X*DBEIX+( (GARMA**2.*TH)/(HL*ALrHA)) *(-TAP l X * 3kRX +2. DBEIX) TAP 4 ( 7 , 2 ) =-U.*X*BEIX+8.*DBEIX+X*X*DB~~X + ((GAH?lA**2.*Tti)/ ( h i . * A L P H b ) ) * (TAP l-X*EEIX-2. DBERX) TAP A (7,3) =4. * X * C EX X + . *DKER X-X*X*DKE I X + ( (GAEIRA * * 2 . * l H ) / (HLctiLt'kiA) ) (-P A P 1X*CER X+2.*DKEIX) TAP A ( 7 , 4 ) =-4. * X * C E H X +8.* D K E I X + X * X*DKEPX+ ((GAMMk**2.*TH) /(HL*ALPHA) ) (T A P 1- X*CEI X-2 . * D K E R X ) PAP A (7,5) =O. TAP k ( 7 , 6 ) =O. r AP TEPlP=-4.*PHI1 **2.5*HL*HL*TH**3./( (G1**3.) * X B ) TAP A ( 7 . 7 ) = TEMP* (2. t * D L O G (.X B . ) +3 .3) TAP A (7,8)=TE5F*2.6 r AP A (7,9)=-TEflP+0.7/ (XB*XB) TAP A ( 7 , l O ) =O. r AP R (8.1) =o. TAP A ( 8 . 2 ) =O. TAP A ( 8 , 3 ) =O. ZAP A ( 8 . 4 ) =O. TAP A ( R , 5 ) =O. TAP A ( 8 . 6 ) =G. T BP A ( 8 . 7 ) = XB*XB*DLCG ( X E ) TAP A (8.8) = X B * X 3 r AP A(8,9) = DLOG(XE) TAP A (8,10)=1.0 PAP A ( 9 , 1) =O. PAP
**
350 352 354 356 358 360 362 364 366 368 370 372 374 376 378
380
- *
390 392 394 396 398 400 402 404 4G6 408 Pl r i o 412
388
416 418 420 422 4248 426 428 430 432 434 436 438 440 442 444 446 448
UlU
A(9,3)=0 A (9,U) = O
A (9,2)
=@
452 4S4A 456 458 460 462 464 466 468 470 472 474A 476 478A 480 482 TAP 484 IAP 486 r AP 4 8 8
450
119
A ( 9 , s ) =O A ( 9 , 6 ) =O A ( 9 , 7 ) = 2.b*DLCG ( X A ) t 3 . 3 A (9,8) =2.6 A(9,9)=-0.7/(Xk*XA) A (9,10)=0. A (10, 1 ) = O . A ( 1 0 , 2 ) =O. A (1 0,3)=0. A(l0, 4)=0A ( 1 0,5)=0. A (10,6)=0. A (10,7) -1.0 a (10,8)=0. A (10, Y)=OA ( 1 0 , 1 0 ) =o. PflXNT 3 , d ( 1 ) , B ( 2 ) , B ( 3 ) , E ( 4 ) , B(i), i3(6),a(7),b(d),B(Y),a(lO) DO 13 I=1,1!) DO 12 J=1 ,10 A M ( I , J ) = A (1,J) 72 C O N T I N U E 13 : O N T I N U E CALCULATIOhS FOR MOMZNT L O A D I N G , TAPEhED H U B p=o.
TAP 490 ZAP 492 r A P 494A TAP 496 r AP 4 9 8 TAP 500 TAP 502 r AP 5 0 4 TAP 506 PAP 508 TAP 510 TAP 512 ~ A P5 1 4 TAP 516 TAP TAP r AP r AP TAP TAP rAP TAP TAP I AP TAP
TAP
520
51 8
522
rAe
TAP
526
524
530
528
PS=O.
IF (ICODo-1)
DELT=O.
532
14,1L,15
c ___________-_____________---___--_--_-------------------------------C C
________________
ZAP ZAP 550 TAP 552 TAP 554A TAP 5 5 4 B IAP 556 B (I) =O. TAP 558 17 ZON'IINUF r AP 5 6 0 TAP 562 B ( 1 0) =- ( 2 . 7 3 / (6.2 8 3 2 * YM*TH**3. (X A-X e ) ) ) * X H O r AP 56Y CALL L I N 2 (A, 1 0 , 1 C , O . , B , l , l C , L T E M P , I C R d , D E ~ , N P I V , P i V , L P f i , L P t ) B 1 7 = (- X*BER X+2. * D E E I X ) IAP 566 TAP 568 B 1 8 = (-X+ B E i X - 2. * D E E R X ) B 1 9 = (-X*CEk X + 2. *DKEIX) r AP 570 BZO=(-X*CEI X-2. *D EERX) The 5 7 2 574 P1= (-Yfl*G1**3.*XB*ETk 1**2 ./( 8 7 . 3 6 * P H I 1**3.5*HL**3 .) ) * ( 3 1 7 * b ( l ) + B 1 8 T A P r BP 5 7 6 I* b ( 2 ) + B 19*B ( 3 ) 482 C*B ( 4) ) TAP 578 B 9=4.*X*bEi X+8.*DEhBX-X*X*CEEIX B l o = - 4 . *X*BkdX+8. * C B E I X + X * X*DBEA X r AP 580 B 11-4 . * X * C E I X + 8 . * f K Z R X- X * X * C R E I X rAe 5132 TAP 589 B 12;- 4 . *X * CEh X t 8 . *DK EIX +X* X*D K E R X A l = ( l . / ( 4 . * P H I l * * i . 5) ) ( B S * R ( 1) +B10*B ( 2 ) +B1 l * B (3) +L312*8 (4 ) ) t2.4' ALPT AP 586 1RA**2*PS/ ( ( l . + A L Y H A ) * * 3 ) TAP 588 T 1 = E (7) ( Z . O * X B * C L O G (XB) C X B ) +2.0*3 ( 8 ) * X B + B ( 9) / X B TAP 590A P 1A l = P l / A 1 I AI? 5 9 2 COP=- (PH*GO*H I * h H C * * 3 . ) / (XE*2.73**. 25*GAMEA** 3.) TAP 5 9 4 P= P 1A 1/CO Y r AP 5 9 6 T 1 A 1 = 'I1 /A 1 TAP 598 COV= ( X E*2.73**. 25*R HO** 3. ) / (LiL*GAflIIA) TAP 600 V=TlAl/COV TAP 6 0 2 0 1- 1 7 - 7 5 r AP 6 9 4 I F (IEOND-1) 1 8 , l E, 1 9 18 CONTINUE PAP 6 0 6 --c1-17-75 19 1 P = O r AP 608 YA=l TAP 610 20 SLBS= 1 . 8 1 6*Y?I*E ( 5 ) TAP 612 TAP 6 1 4 IF (IBOHD-2) 2 1 , Z 1 , 2 2 (87. j b * P H I 1 * * 3 . 5 * H L * * 3 ) ) * ( a l 7 * B ( 1) + b l 8 * B (TAP 616 21 Pl=(-YM*S1**3*XB*ETAl**2/ 1 2 ) + E 1 9 * P ( 3 ) +B;a*i3 ( 4 ) ) TAP 618 S O TO 2.3 r AP 620 622 LL P l = ( - Y r l ~ G 1 * * 3 * X B * E T A 1 * * 2 / (d7.36*PHIl**j.5*HL,*3)) * ( 0 1 7 * b ( 1) tB18*B (TAP
r AP
------..--
120
121
3 1 R ( 5 ) = ( 1 7 0 / X D ) * ( ( X B * T S/ (1. +AL?Hh) ) -U3*?+U4+XY*AL*DEL~) B ( 7 ) =d.*?O*ZS/(hHC) 70 , 3 33 32 3 ( 5 ) = ( i G / X B ) * f (XLI*FS/ (1 . + - S E A ) ) - UJ*P+rJ4+ U3*U5+ X b * A L * J L L T ) b ( 7 ) = 8 .*P 0- TS/ ( h t l C ) -5.4 bo T ti-A L* ?/ ( G 3 * GO* F P9**. 5 * h L r ' nA ** 1. 5*YM) 33 E (~)=-L.*FO*ES/(~.+ALPH~) D O 35 1 = 1 ,1G D O 34 J = 1 , 1 0 A ( i , J ) = h Y (1,J) 3u :ONTIEiuL 35 COLu?i\f': 1 ,1 C, i T , Y F ,15 ET ,C f 7 , KkIV, E i V , L P n , L t C ) ; A L L L I h.2 ( A ,10 ,1 C, 3 . , 3 ,
TAP TAP TAP TPP TAP I AP PAP TAP TAP TAP :AP 2 AP TAP
CaLCULn%IC!u 30 P = d .
DSLTZDI iTh P ? I ' * ? 611 3 0 37 I = 1 , 1 O
dh=L G O Tn 2c
FCI; D E L L A I E M i E F A T U 3 2 ,
TAFZEET HUE
i AP
"2 TAP 7 AP
i?s=o.
TAP
37 C O N T i N D F
8 (i)=O.
3 ( 5 ) = (?o/xb) D O 34 I = l , ' C I 2 0 38 J = 1 , 1 0
* (Kd*AL*Du~TA)
Jd C O ? U T I N l l i 39 3 0 Y : i N L E
A(i,J)=AY(I,J)
C C
**
Liv PIIIN:
GO
7 0 TO L O L h t D A Thi'blb-d64
:ALL L I S 2 M k= 3
(A, 1 c ,1
c,o.
,3,1
,10,
L T E M ? , 1 c k L ' , D E ? , h ~ i V , ~ I V , L P n ,L i L )
40 Z O h T Z K K
' 0
02
DELE:ED
09-19-75.
MAL ),MA?-
43
io ? 7 ( 7 0 , 7 0 . 7 1 . 7 ( , 7 6 ;ALL C O l B I E I 71 C O K T L N U E 47 AE"J~N
c r-
:ALL FXD 46 Z O h X N C E
( 4 ~ ~ 44 56 , U t 8 U 6 , 4 , 5 ) .
71,7C
Ut3 PO3MhT 49 F O n Y i t l
(dUH
13 2LL,GO
PLfitrCi FLitNGE FLA :<GL PESSSU~E, /a411 O.C.,A dkSr,Cl LIXGTh,P CIELL:*C (7k 1 3 . 5 , l F l G . J / ) (5~10.5)
Li O L T
(YZ10.5)
PIPE:
X.E.,~
)
d u d 4%TLLI(.,I
~ A TAP TAP IkP TAP AP TAP TAP 6 6 6 k hP 866B 2.W 866C ZAP 86d 2 AP 810 TAP 672 TAP a 7 3 ~ :AP a 7 3 ~ ?AP 073C I'AP d7U LAP 876 TAP 878 ~ U I ' A P a80
YATAP 2 A?
IAP
lo0 762 76U 766 7ha 770 772 77U 776 778 780 782 7d4 786 788 790A 792 194 796 798 800 Pa 0 2 804 a06 808 810 812 81U
2hP
88U
862
D-LIL
MbD. /511i
YAP
95 2
90 4
93 a 310 91 L 91 4 91 h 91 d
920 32 I 92 4
Y26
92 8
122
S OB ? Q U T I >I E S I H U 9
:HIS
I'lPLiCIl
DIICENSI9).L' 5 Y( 6 ' 1 8 ) ,S i ( 1 e) ZOYMO~ : r y i x , r3cLgT , : C C D ~ , M A T E , X A, x e, G,C, P ~ E S S ,XGS , x a ? , ~ i ,ti3 , T H , y n , S T H 1 A E, 9 F t i ? ( 4 ) ,XL C EL ?b 8 X X 3 X?lOh, Q P i i C X , 22HG P, LT HG P, E I ,G O r , T H P , Y PP , EPP, 3 I H 2 3 EL? k E , SCUT ,ti 13 ,2 C G STH 3TH 3, s L S ~ S , L S I ,SC S C , S (Si , S L i O , S I L I , S CL3, S C L I, S i 'H 2 , s ; F, S'P, S F F, ZG, Z C, Q F H G , Y C, Y 1 , I'l, 7 ' 1 5 7 A , SOFT8SGk,SG2,SC? , 5 C i , . i A? 3 TH 5, Y L ,id1 ,sa , Y B , iT ,X ~1 , x r 2 ,x r 2 I SIB D A Y h A/130'0. /, k/ 10* 0 ./,L T Z M P / l o* O / , L P h / l C" o/ , L P C / l O * U / , d i M / l U L * O . /
CALC[ILb;ION
'1
FOR
ITYP3 = 2 ,
S T R A I G H T PUB F L ~ L Q ~ ; L S
LTEYP(13).
LP:i(lO),
LPC(lO),
AM(l0,lO)
S 'LH SI H
2 4
2 XA=XA/2. X a=XB/2.
1 Z E k 2 3 2 , Xii,XErT:1.GO, Gl,tIL,C,PZESS PPI!? 33 P Z I N T 3U. X h , X ~ , T , G O , G l , H S . C , F B E S S "-1. Y 7=1* I F (1COEs.G';. 2 ) G O X I 2 icE.AD 3 5 , X M O A ,SF,LLLTA,Y?l,G PIIliT 36 hL= L P -,-I P- . i l L 3 7 , Y.YCA,EF , D E L ? A , Y f l , ti, ITYPE, I L I O X L , ICODE, EA Ti:
--
sw
STH
22 24 26 28 30 32 34 40 42 44 46A 48
LO
14 16 18
x K = Air / xa
3 U3=0. 3 3 4 . u30 =o. G G 70 5 4 U 3 = (XB/Y?l) 7 ( ( 1. 3" >K2+. 7 ) / (XK2-1.) ) [J 3 3 = i * U3 * Y 1* (G 3* E E ? A ) * * 3 / 1" ti* 1 0 . 9 2 ) U3U=7 H * E K A / 2 . 5 XT1=03U-U33 YT2=1. 41l34 +{I33 ?S= (. s 5 * x F j / ( Y ~ = G o ) ) *PLIESS A (1 , l ) = X T l a I: 1 , 2 ) =x': 2 A (1.3) = O . A (1,q) = G . h(1,5)=C. A ( 1 , 6 ) =G. A ( 2 , l ) =6ETA A (2, 2 ) = t E T h A (L,3) = (2.0* XB*DLOG ( X a ) + X B ) A ( 2 , U ) =-2.*XEl A (2,5)=-1./XB h ( 2 , h ) =C. F . ( 3 , l ) = 2 - * B E R + * 2 * ( l.+6ETA"IH/2.) A (3,2)=-2.*52'IA**3*TH/L. A ( 3 , j ) = -(2.6*DLCGiXB) + 3 . 3 ) * ( T H / G 3 ) * * 3 A (3,4)=-2.6*('IH/GC) **3 A ( 3 , 5 ) = ( . 7 / ( X E * X B ) ) * (TH/GO)**3 k(3,6)=0. A ( 4 , 1 ) =6. A ( 4 , 2 ) =C! R ( 4 , 3 ) = XB*XB*DLCG(XE) b ( 4 , 4 ) = x 9 - XB A ( 4 ( , 5 ) = CLgG(X1) A (u , o ) = l . A ( 5 , l ) =C. r. ( 5 , 2 ) = O . A (5,3) = L . ~ + D L C G (XA) t 3 . 3 d ( 5 . U ) =2. 6
r:
STH STH SIH STH STH 5IH STH STH 57H SIH STH STH SIii STH STH STH STH STH STH
SIH
36 38
50
SIH
52 54 56
58 60 66
72
6 2
bU
68
70
76
74
78
80 82 84 86A
90 92 94 96 988
88
106 108 STH 1 1 0 A S'IH 112 STH l l 4 A STH 116 S'IH 118 STH 720 S'IH 122A
S1H
100
102
104
124
123
124
S R H = S RH*ROG COT= OT*R O G COR=COR*ROG PRINT 4 1, SLfl .STH,SR H,COT.COR PRINT 4 6 G O TO 31 15 I P = I P + l S O TO ( 16 , 2 0 , 2 4 , 2 8 ) ,XP G O T O ( 1 6 , 2 0 , 24 ) ,I P CALCULATIONS F C K LKESSUBE I C A C I N G ,
DELT=O. P =P IiE 5 S
C C
16
xno=o,
S'PKAIGtT HUB
S'IH 262 STH 2 6 4 STH. 266 STH 2 6 8 STH 270 STH 272 STH 2 7 4 S'XH 276A STH 2 7 6 B STB 278
STH 282 SPH 28U S3H 286 STH 288A S'XH 2 9 0 STH 2 9 2 STH 294 3;TH 296 STH 298 STH 300 STH 302 STH 304
S'IH
280
17 CONIINOE B ( 1 ) = +X E*PS + X E* AL *DEL T- U 3 * PRESS D O 19 1 = 1 , 6 DO 18 J=1 ,6 A (I,J ) = AI3 ( I, J ) 18 CONTINUE 19 CON'IKNCE CALL L I N 2 ( A , 6, 1O,O.,B, 1, l C , L T E n P , I E R R , D E ~ , N E I V , P I V . L P n , i P C )
LELTA I E f l P E R A T U B E LCIADiNG, S'IRAI GHT H U B
PS= (. 85*KB/ ( Y f l * G O ) ) * P
DEL T=DE LTA PRINT 4 4 DO 21 I=1,6 B ( I ) =O. 2 1 CONTINUE B ( 1 ) = X B * A L*DE I T DO 2 3 I = 1 , 6 DO 2 2 J = 1 , 6 A ( I , J ) = A N (I,J) 2 2 CONTINUE 2 3 CONTINUE CALL L i N2 (A, 6 , 10 ,O , 0 , 1 , 1
PS=O.
nA=3
C
C
**
DELETED CARDS STH34&-384 O F S U E R . 28 PRINT 4 6 2 4 CONTI NUE S O TO ( 3 0 , 2 9 , 3 0 , 2 9 , 3 0 , 2 9 ) , I'!ATE 29 CALL FLGDW 30 ZONTINUE G O TO ( 70,7 0,71, 7 C, 71.7 0 ) ,HATE 70 CALL COESIN 71 ZONTINUE 31 RETURN
GO T O
12
SW 312 STH 314 316 SPH SIH 318 STH 320 S'IH 3228 STH 3 2 4 SIH 326 STH 328 SliH 330 STH 332 SZH 334 STH 336 S'IH 338 SPH 3 4 0 STH 3 4 2 SIH 344 STH 3U6
S'IH 386A S T I i 3868 SIH 388 STH 390 STH 392 STH 3 9 2 B STH 3 9 2 C STH 3 9 4
S l t l 392A
STH STH
STH
32 PORnA'I ( 8 E 1 0 . 5 ) 33 PORNAT ( 8 4 H ELANCE FLANGE FLANGE 18 BOLT PfESSOBE. /84H 0 . L . A 2LL, GO BASE, G 1 LENGTH'H CIRCLE,C P
3 4 FORflkT 35 PORnA'I 36 PORflAT 1YPE 2XP. 37 FORMAT 38 POBflAT
PIPE I.D.,L)
)
HUB A 1 ZHACk.,T
( 7 F 1 0 . 5 , 1P10.3/) 15E10.51 S'IH i98H fl6,YENT CDEFF. OF DELTA NOD. O F HBAN GhSKE1' ITSLH IBOND ICODk UATZ /51H THErIBAL ESTH ELASTICITY DIARETEE ) S '1H (lP5ElC.3, 16,3IlC//) S TH (53H CALCUIATICNS P C F RORENT LOACING. STliAIGdT f ~ U d PLBNGE//STH
STH STU
406
41 0 41 2 41 4 416
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A (1, 5 ) =L. 4 (1,6) =u. k (1,7) =o. k(l,q)=U. A ( 1 , 9 ) =G. A ( 2 , l ) =-2.*G A ( 2 , L ) =U. ( L , 3 ) = 2.U+GsLLCCI ( i ; ) * G .s ( 2 , U ) = 2 . * G A ( 2 , 5 ) = 1 ./G A ( 2 , 6 ) =C. A ( 2 , 7 ) =\i. k (L,9) =t. L (2,Y) A ( 3 , l ) =J. A ( 3 . 2 ) =L.
=L,.
50 >2
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h ( 3 , 3 ) = 1. A ( 3 , 4 ) =O.
3 ZO!ITINU; CALLULATIUN ?A = 1
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h (3,5) =3. A ( 3 ,h) = O . A ( 3 ,7) = O . a ( 3 . 4 ) =b. a ( 3 , Y ) =c. A (4, I)=L. 4 (4,2) =G. A ("3) = G"G*ClCG (G) I! ( 4 , 4 ) = G * G A (4,s) = DLOG ( G ) k ( 4 . 6 ) = 1. A (4,7) =O. A (4,e) =O. A(4,3)=0. A (5,1)=-2.0 k (5,2)= C . k ( 5 , 3 ) = 2. 6 * C L c ) G ( G ) t3. 3 A ( 3 , u ) =2.6 A ( 5 , 5 ) = - . 7/(G*G) A ( 5 , 6 ) =b. A (5,7) = d . k (5,Y)= O . A (5,9)= G . k ( 6 , l ) =C. k(6,2)=0. A ( 6 , 3 ) = Z.O-C+DLCG ( C ) + C n(6,4)=2.*C A (6,s) = 1 . / ~ A ( 6 , 6 ) =@. h ( 6 , 7 ) =-2.*c A ( 6 ,d) =-1 ./C A (7,U) =Z. 6 I ( 7 , 8 ) =.7/(C*c) A ( 6 , 9 ) =C. A (7, 1 ) =O. A (7 ,2) = G . A ( 7 , j ) = L . S V C L C G IC)*3. 3 A ( 7 , 5 ) =-. 7/ ( C * C ) X ( 7 , 6 ) =G. A (7, 7 ) =-2.6 k (7,9) =o. A ( 8 . 1 ) =CJ. A (8,2)=c. k ( 9 , 3 ) =o. A ( d , 4 ) =o. A ( 5 , 5 ) =a. A ( 8 , 6 ) =C. A (8.7) =L.6 A (8,8)=-. 7/(Xk*Xi) A (d,Y) =O. A (Y, 1 ) =O. A ( 9 , 2 ) 10. . P ( 9 . 3 ) = C * C * D L C G IC) A (9.4) =C*C A (9.5) = DLCG (C) A (9,5) = l . A ( 9 , 7 ) =-C*C A (Y,8) = -DLCG(C) A ( 9 , 9 ) =-1. 30 3 I = 1 , 9 DO 2 J = 1 , 9 AM ( 7 ,J ) = A ( l . J )
FCY\ Y C F L ~ I L O A P I I U G ,
C L l h i L FLANGES
P=O.
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aLX
82 84 86
127
3 L I 2238 aLi 222 :=1,9 ELI 224 B(I)=G. 3LI 226 4 ZO!iilNOC 3LI 228 a(3)=-w/(25.1325*~) 230 C A L L L i b 2 ( A . 4 , l b , C . , b, 1, l C , L i ~ r ~ , i E n n , D , ? . M ~ I V , P I v , L ~ h , ~ ~ ~ ) B L I 3Li 232 IP=o dL1 234A 5 z c = c = c + n ( 7 ) + c L o c - ( z ) ~ *~ E( 9 ~) ) 3 L ; 236 J F Y X ( I P + l ) =zc 3Li 238 Soh:=- ( YY *:H/l. 82 ) * 2 . 6 * B ( 1 ) aLI 240 SG3=-(YY*TH/1.3>) *(2. t * B ( 1) *G*G*2*3.3/(1o.*D)) d Li 242 SG%=- ( Y*IL;H/l . 8 2 ) * ( 2 . 6 - E ( 1 ) +ti *G 2 1 . J s F / ( lo. L) ) i3LI 244 SCR=-(YY*lH/l.R;)* (L.t*3(7)-.7-3 (h)/(C*C)) oLi 246 SCT:=-- ( Y T H / l . R L ) (2. C i a ( 7) +. 7 * 3 ( 6 ) /(C*L)) 3Li 248 S A T = - (YM*14/1 . 8 2 ) * (2.6. E ( 7 ) * . 7 * 3 ( P ) / ( X , * X P ) ) i i L I 250A P 2 I N 2 2 4 , k T f , ETC. 6LI 252 IP=iP*l 3LI 254A CALL STCFF dLI 254B SO TO( 6 , 1 C , 1 4 ) , l P d L i 254C ZC TO( b,1@ ),IF JLi 2b6 TLiNGES CALCULATION F O B PfiESSUfiE. LOADING, 3L;NI) BLI 258 b P=?hESS 4LX 2596 MA = 2 ELL 260 W=O. 3 L I 262A PLtIJT 2 5 9LI 264 DO 7 I = l , Y ELI 266 3 ( i ) =0. dLI 268 7 ZONTINCt BLI 270 B ( l ) = G * * 4 * P / (64.4 L) BLI 27 2 B ( 2 ) = - G * * 3* P/ ( 16. *D) d LI 274 t3 ( 5 ) = - s * s * p * 3 . 3 / ( 1 6 . * L ) BLI 2 7 6 DO 9 X=l,9 ELI 278 DO 6 J=1,9 ULI 280 A ( I , J ) = A Y (1,J) BLX 232 8 ,ONTINUr, 3LI 284 Y C0NTIt;L.L dLi 286 1, l C , L T E M P , I E ~ ~ , ~ t ? , N P I V . P I V . L P h . L P L ) C A L L L I h 2 ( A , 9, l O , O . , B , 31I 288 z o TO 5 C * * C E L Z T E I : C k h D S E L I 2 9 0 - 3 2 2 O F SUEd. E i I N L , C9-19-75. C 1 4 CONTINUE ElLI 3 4 4 8 B L I 3248 10 ZONIINUZ BLX 3 2 4 C I F ( YAQT.EQ.1 ) CALL C O P I b I N I Y ( C G D L - 1 ) 16,1t,15 B L I 326A 15 :;C/2. BLI 328 BLI 330 CALL A S P C I N ELI 332 C PLSDW I S C A L L E D TttiiU T A H U E 3 8 S Z H U 3 , L h C TIEL T H H U B L I 3346 P R I N T 27 16 Z O h T L N U E bL1 334B BLI 336 3Z:TUXN
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In:)
bo :o 9 4t C O T A L* ( ( 9 # ~ 3 = 11
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FLG
110 112 114 116 118 1.~0 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136
140 14 2 144 146 148
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c
C
YL; dCO=w 2/h 1 PLG Z h I k 2 4 3 , A h F r , n C ,FD ,2CL FLS ?FIAT 4 7 FLG 4 7 FGdSA?(//6X,'IY;TIAL FhD S E S I C U A L . " r O Y E ! i T j h F T E P T g a b ~~,~FSU 1' ,p E.' L ~ ~ ~ /~ ) . 9 PLJ X M l = k l*hG r'LG X Y 2 4=U2A*PG FLZ X M L L ! ! W 2 E* H G t 7 8 5 4 P ( b* +3* h D t ( G* G- d * d ) * i i T- G ' G HG ) PLG 242 X M2L=J LC'rlGt 7 8 5 4 *E'* (L1*H* hD t ( G I G - 8 + a ) *If T-G+G+kL) FiG 244 X w 23 = k2D* dG PL.3 246 X M L = U Z * H G + . 7 d 5 4 * P * (3*6* H D + (G*G-B*d)*~tI-I;,G*HG) PLG 248 F P I A Z 44, X M ~ , X Y ~ L , X Y ; B . X ~ ~ C XR , LD,XYL FLG 251) X Y2 %?; h23 * H G + - 7 d 5 4' * {b P 5 P* H C r ' t ( G* G E?* a ) * FTE-G * v r H u l PL.3 252 X Y 2 C P = W L i + H t i t - 7 6 5 L*P* (d?* frP*HDPt ( G * b - d ? * E F ) * f i T r - G *G 'H(r) FLG 254 Xn2i=U2+4G+.78541~*(~E~EE*HrP+(G*G-~ * I~ ~* T~ P -~G)* G * ~ G ) FL; 256 ;3Lt'7 45, XM2 EP,X82CP,Xfi2? PL2 258 ? SI 4 :! 3 G i! t 1I Q 2 - 5 , A G, CG 1, Q G2, HG , L ? F 1 Q F? FLG 260 Ff. 1 ,G F F2 ,J 1 8 Y L 8 1 i i T , h", IiE, H I E , CCFAL FL; 2b2 30 F O a Y n l ? (//19E12.4// fEld.4) PLG 264 2 0 P.?I?(? 4 b P G 266A 2 0 CO?U"INUS FL; 2 6 6 8 32TURN FLG 2b8 FL.3 270 ~1 FOQVLT ( 7 E l C . 5 / / t E 1 0 . 5 / 7 L l C . S ) FLG 272 ~2 F O ? M A T ( 1 0 6 d ESI LE Y3 Llj TPLG 274 1R XG G xGI AD 1 Pi6 276 2 3 F O R M A T (1G6B VO YG Eb 2TLG 278 1; FACE F3k. ) PL; 280 24 F O d Y k T ( 1 0 6 H w1 TP IF? YFFLG 262 12 YFP 2 YB 2 YG2 ) PLG 284 2 5 FOSYA? (1?7,1 5.4) PL.3 286 Lb FORNA? ( l r 6 2 1 5 . 4 ) FLG 288 2 7 P O 3 ? X T ( 1 P71;15.4//) FLS 290 L d l O h d A ' I (8GH ILANGd J C I b T b 3 L T L O A D CkbNGE D U E i J X ? ? L I & A I LORDFL; 292 1 5 , I D E h T I C L L PAIB /A FLG 294 29 POF'lA'I ( 8 2 4 E L A N G A J C Z h ? USLT LOA2 C F A N G E D U E 7 3 a r ' i ' L ~ L 3 L O k D P L S 2'3b 1 s . Z t u T r G F i ' TO IhTEGS8 2 A L F I/) 298 FLG 30 TORYAT ( Y O d E L A L ~ G ZJ O I N T BOLT L O A > C P A N G Z D U L i0 A P P L I E S LOADFLG 300 1s. 5 L I X D I O I h T E G k h PAIL / / ) FLG 302 31 DOSMhT (54H FLkhGt. J O I V T S I 3 L O f E ( 2 7 I f l f D Q U n t u i i 7 L G h ) /PLG 304 1) FL2 306 3 2 F O H l b T (711 C , E ; 1 G q P k l L . 4 , 7 H k2dG=,72.4,7H d T H 6 = E 1 ~ . 4 , 7d A b =ZlPL.3 308 12.U.3H G O = 12. 4, 12H Th =!.12.4/1~H Yd = o l z . 4 , l U H P L G 310 2 YF2 =612.4,3H E F =El2.4/) PLZ 312 3 3 FSnXLY (54H FLANGE J O I h ' i 5 I I ) L 'IkO ( I I N P f i i M t D J J k N i i P i i b ) /FLG 314 1) FLG 316 34 F O H Y A T (77H E C LT L N G / ) PL.3 31 8 35 P 1 3 ? l h T ( 1 G f j EOL; LENLTH=1PE12.4.lLI! 2 0 1 1 I h r E n = r . 1 2 . 4 , 1 ~ d a u C CIFLG 320 l a ~ L - = lL l . 4 / l i ti Y E =t12.4,131 YL2 = L l L - + , d h uu = E l F L G 322 L2.4/) t,LG 324 36 C ' O d r A T (16.i GASK E : / ) FLG 326 37 F O R V A T (3d Vi; = 1 P ~ 1 ~ . 4 , 7 d X G G = r l L . 4 , 7 H XLi =-1&.4/l~d FL.3 328 1 YG =,1~.4,13H Y G L =Z'l2.4,dh t G =El~.4/) FiC 330 3 6 roRMG: ( 1 U l i I C A D I NG5/) FL; 332 ~9 F 3 a Y A & ( 2 O n I Y i Y l A X E L I T LCAD=l?f72.4, 13P bOL4 ' I , l t , . = , l ~ . 4 , ~ O i i Pis 334 1 F L h h G c 3 Y c ' I E I ~ . = E ~ L . ~ , ~ C P F i ~ h ; TWO ~ 12mF.=;12.J/15H UH~KZT TPLG 3 3 b 22 : P . = ~ 1 2 . 4 , 9 H L ELTAZLlL. 4,l Gti 3;Ll'i = ; 11 L. 4, 11 H ?n~SaUn&=,lL. 4P L; 338 31) FLG 340 4 J <i)nlA; (53Y b Z 5 1 2 U t i ~20LI' L c ) i C ; A F ' I E T ?Hi k f l n L - - ' d i , 5 > J n Z L U ~ > S / ) FLG 342 (2C.i A X I A I ?Iiln~AL,U2A=i""2.4, 1 9 k FGdZNT b n l F T , W ~ d = ~ 1 2 . 4 P L ; 3 4 4 41 r 7 0 1 : i T 1//2 7 H 705 A L P ~ ~ E S Z I J U ~L LC , -Z~L -4, Llii P Z L 2 A I I l S ~ i f l A L ,# L D = i i l I . 4//14HFLG 346
LWCI,
21 h 220 222 ~ 2 4 228 230 232 234 236 23bA 236 B 236C 238 240
LLb
218
FiZ PLJ
PLG
PLG
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132
C C
C C
C C C C C C
i EQUATIONS.
C
3 0 4 6 A03 1 a 046~ 00 2 L i N L 02A 9 046 A00 3 8 C4bA c O 4 a 0 4 6 AOO 5 3 O b 6 BOO 6 Srdr"3UTINE LiN2 8C46A007 CFCK 8046A a 046 AOO 8 8 C4 6 A 00 9 SUBEClUTiNES C A l L E C hCNE 9 04 6 A01 0 T H I S H O U T I N ? S O L V E s T P E X A T h I X E Q U A r I O N AX+B=C 0 V E t U f i J I ' ; N t i 3 UiL'H T d b 3 OS6801 1 8046A012 SCLUPXON M A r R I X X. A ! U S : B E S(;UAaE A h 3 NOk-SINGULAI;. r j MUST 3 Ob 6 A0 1 3 HAVE T H E SAY3 NUBEES C F S O W S AS A . THE D 2 l t R M l h A h T OF n IS 8C4bA014 COMPUTED. BOTH A ANC E A R E CEST60YbC. 8 C 4 6 A Cf 5 dOUbAO16 T H I S L 3 U T I N E I S RECOKKENDED TO? THE SOLUTION CP S I M U L T ~ I V ~ J U L.NE&i( S
i : ?HE ?lFTHOD C O N S Z S T S C F G A U S S I A N Z I I M i h A T I C N FCLLOWED EY uACK C S U B S T I T U T I O Y S . THIS IS M06E E F F I C I E N T THAN S O L U T I O h BY ? I k r " h i X C I h V L R S I d N F E G A Z O L E S S C F THE NUMBEfi O F C O L U B N S I N b . B C I t i dOW3 a b D C COLUPINS A R E S F A a C H L C E C k C A X I P A L F I V O T S . I h T E F C H A N t i I N G O F n O J S Ob C C C L b r l N S O F A I S AVOIDEC. CHAPTER 1 O F ? . L . S T I Z Y L E , I N T 3 3 I ) U C T I O b TO C NUNERICAL NhTHEflAT;CS,ACADEMiC PIZSS,E.Y.,1963, fHCULD L l t H E L P F U L I N C FOLLOUIKG T H E CCDE. C C 'IHL Z A L L i N t i Pi3O;lAM N L S T S E T A , N , NN,E;PS, B,E,fl!!, L'IEXP T3C C &-THE C O E F P I C I Z N T NATRIX C C N-THE ORDER O F A C C NN-THE NUNEER C F hCRDS CF S T O R A G E P t i O V I C E f FOR LACd COLUdN O F i , I N T H E C A L L I N t i PR3GRAM C
C C C C C C C C C C C
2PS-A
a0
NON-NZGATIVE N U N B E E WHICH EGCH PIVOT I N T H E L L i N I a i A T i O N PhOCESS I S h E C U I R E 3 T O EXCEED I L A a S O L U T b VhLUL ( Z U S I O H A H I L Y ZEaO) CONSTANT T E F F MATKIX NU?IBER OF LGLUMNS O F B FOR t A C d COLUfiN OF
4 6 02 ~ 5 3 046 A02 6 3 OU6 A027 8 04 6 A C2 8 3 0468029 8C4bA03O 3046A031 9 046 A03 2 8 G46A 033 3 04 0 A034 8 Cb6A 035
8046A036
8-THE
M-T92
C C
Y 0 4 6 A044
8046AC43
LTFflP-A
BLOCK O F AT L E A S T N U O B D 3 OF 'ILMFOhAPY I N T E G L R S Z O t t A G t
133
C C C C
c c
C
b
n
C i C C C
c
C
c
C
C C
C C
C C
C C
5
C
.c
C
8C46A048 BO46A049 S r l E I Z ~ ? , D S T , N ~ I V , i ; t , L P , ~ ~LPC ~ TO 3 0 4 6 A050 8C46AG31 ILBA2 I? NO C O L U M L S O F X k a h P O d H D , ?HE. ~ L I C I ~ X L ~ r'nOC'LSs ION 3OUoA052 DZIhG h A I T E D B E C P U S E T d E CUIiiENT 2 I Y O T F A I L > T O Y X i d c D 804bA053 EDS I N MAGNITUDE 3 046A054 3046A055 C I F ALL CCLUiYJS O F X n F 1 FdUND, N L T I O U D L E u;lNJG DtriCTZD 804bAC56 3 0468057 DET-2LUS OF n l h U S THE P Z O C U C I O F T f i E C U R K E d T & D A-L P h , Z L r ; U I N ( . 8C46AC58 PIVOTS 3 0468059 8 C46A 0 6 0 NTIV-THf NIJ!IBE3 31. TYb C U R R E N I P l V 3 1 ( F ; P $ T , S E C O h D , t T C . ) 3 0 4 6 A06 1 3 04 6A 0 6 2 ?IV-T h E LUcFiENT P I V O T d C46A C63 3 0 4 6 A06 4 L ? R - T H E P I i i J T N E I V P O S Z T I C h S LIST Y F E P I V C iOW i h J I L L 5 IN U d L J i a 8G46AC65 3 046A066 O F U S k , A VECTCL 3 F L E N G T H N 8 C4 6A 0 6 7 d 0 4 6 k06 8 LPC-THr PI?Si N P i V P O C I l i G N S L I S 7 T H i FIVC: COLUMk I E t D L C L S Xh O i i 3 L h OF USE,$ VZCTCA C F LENGTH ii d C46A 06 9 d C46A C70 i f Tdi &Xii!lIdATiON paocL,sC 15 H A L I E D P.,ZXB?UsELY ( i L F L Xdial'iVL) ,THEN 3046A071 i H L D A T A NF;V,riV,LEn,LEC,MPY E L HELPFUL Ih C I 4 G h 0 5 I h E T d E U N 3 P i t L Y I N G 8 C 4 b A 0 7 2 C h U S E 3 F T E E T f i O U E L E . I F I H L PKOCZSS G O ; S T O COMPLETiCd T H L N N P I V = N , 30468073 C - 7 S H C ) U L D u c :!iZ 3 E ' i ' E E P i h k H T O F P , P i V Y l L L 9E THE N ' I H P I V O T , r r h l ) LPK Y 0 4 6 k 0 7 4 A N D L P C L i s 1 ALL E I V O l F O S I T i C h S . 8 C46A 0 7 5 30468076 DO ; N I T I B i i Z A T ; C h S 8CU6A 077 3 046A078 3046k079 1 IZdR=O 8 046A C E O DET=1. 8 0 4 6 AOd 1 DO 2 I = 1 , h 8 C46A 0 8 2 LPIi (I ) =I 8 046kOd3 2 LPC(I)=I d046AOtl4 E k C I Y ~ L I M I N A ' I I O N FCCESS 8 046A C85 3 046AOd6 a C46A 0 8 7 DO 1 8 B i . = l , N 8C46A088 hPIV=N 8046A089 SELECT PIVOT & C4 6A 090 d 046A03 1 8 C4 bA 092 2 1 v=o. DC 4 K=hP,N 8 C46 A C Y 3 i =LPh ( K ) 8046A034 8C46ACY5 D O 4 L='i?,II b 04 b A096 J=LPC(L) L I N ~97A I F ( DAbS(k(I,J))-LAtlS(PIV) ) 4,3,3 3 KPIV=K dC46A C98 LPIV=L 8 0 4 6 A099 8 04aA 1 0 0 IPiV=I 8 04 bA 1 3 1 J PiV=J 3 0 4 0 k 10 2 T I V=h (I ,J) 8046A 1 0 3 4 COWilNUi 3 0 4 6 A10 4 8C46A105 U T D A Z E D ~ ? E k t l ; d A h T A h I : PIVOT F C U A N C CC)A.JHS L I S X DL T=D E T * t ' I V i ' K ? I P = L F n (NF) L F X ( N F ) =Lkd(KPIV)
L P d ( K P I V) = TE I PF
L x I T I F PIVO? :OC
;U(
EPb-DkdS(E;V)
d,7,7
8 W o A lob
134
7 IER6= 2 SFTURN
8 0 4 6 A 11 8 8 046 A l l 9 8 04 6A 12 0 3 0 4 6 A 12 1 8 046A 12 2 dC46A123 3 046 A124 3 C46A 12 5 9 046 A 126 8 O4bA 1 2 7 8046A128 3 OU6 A 1 2 9 8046A 1 3 0 8 04 6A 13 1 3 0 4 6 A13 2 8 C46A 13 3 3 O U b A134 8CU6A 1 3 5 8 04 6A 13 6 3 04 o A 1 3 7 d046A138 BO46A139 3 G46A 140 8 O U 6 A 14 1 3 0 4 6 A 14 2 8046A 1 4 3 8 0 4 6 A 14 4 8046A145 8 0U6A 1 4 6 9 046A147 8 C46A 14 8 8 C46A 1 4 9 3 0 4 6 A 150 8 04oA 15 1 3 0 4 6 A152 8 046AlS3 80468 154 3 046 A155 YG46A 1 5 6 8046A 1 5 7 3 046A158 8 C46A 159 8 046A160 30UbA16 1 8 046A 1 6 2 9 0 4 6 A16 3 8 C4 6A 1 6 4 3 0 4 6 A 16 5 3046A166 8 046A 1 6 7 30U6A168 8046A 169 8 0U6A 1 7 0 1046A17 1 8 0U6A 1 7 2 3OU6 A 1 7 3 8 C46A 1 7 4 8 04 b A 1 7 5 3046A176 dC46A 1 7 7 3 0 4 6 A178 3 0U6A 1 7 9
C C DO LACK S U B S T I T U T I O N S C DO 23 J = l , N DO 2 1 K=2,N YK=N-Ktl I=LOR (KK) D O 21 L = 2 , K L L = .4-L t2 II=LPR(LL) J J = L P C (LL) 21 3 ( 1 , J ) = E ( I , 3 ) + B I I I , J ) * A (1,JJ) 23 Z O N T I N U E C C U h S C a A l B L Z k O W S O F S O L U T I O N I I A ' I R I X B H D ADJLJS'I C D O 24 I = l , N ;=LPF ( I ) 24 L T E ' l P ( L ) = L P C ( I ) DO 28 i = l , N ~5 K = L ' I E \ F ( I ) I F ( I - K ) L6,L 8.26 26 DET=-Dii' D O 2 7 J=1 ,\
C C X O D I F Y N 3 S - P I V C I F C h S CF B A N C E ( E L E i l S N ' I S I N ?bESEh"= Oh P r i d V I O U S C r I V O T ZCWS O i ? CCLUPhS A R E SKIPFEC) C IF(?iP-h)13,18,13 13 DO 17 K = Y k P , h ' I = L ? R (K) IEMP=A ( I , J P I V ) I F ( T 5 M F ) 1 4 , 17,llr 14 30 1 5 I=NNP,N J=LPC (L) 15 A ( I , J ) = A ( I , J ) + A ( I F I V , J ) *TE?IP D O 1 6 J=1 ,\ 16 a ( I , J ) = B ( I , J ) tB(IFIV,J)*TEYF 17 Z O N i I N U E 18 C O N I I N C i C C ZNU E L T Y I N h r I O N EFCCESS
12 3 ( I P I V , J ) = - 3 ( i P i V , J ) / E I V
11 DC) 1 2 J = l , Y
S I G N OF D t , T d n M I N I N T
27
r EY F= B (I, J)
(1 , J ) =B ( K , J )
3046Al81
804bA180
135
5 UB.O.OUTI NE C O t B I N
iHPLICIT EEAL*8 (A-H,0-Z) CCMBIN 3ILIZNSiON S ( b , l E ) , s C ( l e ) DATA SC/l B*O. O/ Z OR51N COXCION I ~ Y P E . I E O N L , I C O D ~ , I ~ A I E , X B , X ~ , ~ ; , ~ , ? F ~ ~ S , ,X XG US? , Z ~ , U J , T ~ , Y R , F L A 4 5 1 A E ,C/FHa (1, ) , A L , D Z L l A ,XI!O,X C C A , CFHGE, Q P h G F , GT PGP, EL', G O ? , i ? H 2 . Y PP , 2 F P , ?LA ZDELIAP, G J U 1 , GIN,ROG,SLSO, S L S I , S C S O , S C S I , S L L O , S L i . I , < C L L I , 3C-I , S I i I , 3 S T P ,SiH ,SRF,ZG, ZC,QFkiG, Y 0,Y 1, T l ,ZF?ZTA , S C ? T , SI. , S ; i , 5 i i , . i C T , S i i T , 4 U 2 , Y 1 , 5, Y A , I?, X P l , X R 2 , XM'i!l', I'I'-: IC = 0 IF('IATE.LE. 2 ) i T = I T Y P E 7 0 TO( 1 , ~ , 3 ),I? 1 IC = IC t 1 I P ( i C . GT. 2 ) G O IO 9 9 IF(VA'IE.G'f.1) E:FIET 4 9 P a i m 50 N N = 13 DO 4 MA = 1 , 3 G O 10( 5,6.7 ),MA 5 PRINT 5 3 GO TO d
2CflBIN
CCYBIN
6 P L i W 51, s o TO a 1 PLINT 5 5 9 S O TO( 1 2 , 1 3 ) , I C 1.2 PRLNi' b o , (S ( M A , I ) , I = l , L N ) s o TO 4 13 P R I N T 6 0 , (S ( M A + 3 , 1 ) , I = l , h N ) 4 COSTINUE. IF(VATE.z,Q.l) G C 'IC 9 9 DO 9 I = l , ! i N G O 10( 1 0 , l l ),TC 10 SC ( I ) = S (1 , I ) * X H 2 F / X F l + S ( 2 , I ) + G@ T O 9 11 s c ( I ) = S ( 4 , i ) * x r 2 / x l l l t s (5,1) t 9 CONTINUE 2 9 'IO ( 4 0 , b l ) , I C 40 PRINT 5 6 , XR2F 2 0 ro 4 2 41 1 F I N T 56, X R 2 4 2 PRINT 6 0 , (SC ( I ) . I= 1, EN) IY(HATE.EQ.2) GC I C 95 IF ( I ' I . I < ) . I T L ) GO '10 1 IF(IA'IE.ZQ.4) G C ZC 2 IF(OATk.EQ.6) GO 'IO 9 5 Z I C = I c t 1 I F ( IC. G ' i . 2 ) G O TO 9 9 IF(~~A'IL.GI.~) FFIhT 4 9 PRINT 51 N N = 13 DO14 MA = 1 , 3 G O T O ( 15,16, 17 ) , H A 15 PRXNT 5 3 G O TO 1 H 16 P e r u 54 S O TO 1 8 17 P R I Y T 55 18 20 T O ( 22.23 ),IC 2 2 P b I N T 61, ( 5 ( Y k , 1) , I = l , N N ) Z O TO14 23 P S i h T 61, (S ( f l A + Z , I ) , I=l,NN) 1 U ZONTINUE IF(HA'IL.ZQ.1) G C TO 9 9 DO19 I = l , N N s o TO( L O , 2 1 ) , I C 20 S C ( 1 ) = S (l,I)*XM2P/Xfll+S (,?,I) t 70 m i 9 21 5C ( i ) = S (4.1 ) * % , Y ; / X M l + S (5,;) + 1 9 CONTINUE ;o 10 ( 43.44 ) , I C
Z ONBIN
S ( 3 , I)
COflBIN
s(6,I)
IONBIN
COR BX N
ZOflBIN
S (3,I)
S (6,
ZOflBIN
I)
ZONBIN
136
4 3 P3ZST Sb, ;O T 3 4 5
4 b ?,i:J':
XYLF
xa2
5b,
IP(FlA'TL.LQ.4) GC 1C 1 IF(3ATi.ZO.b) GO 'IO Cs 3 I C = ic' + 1 I F ( ? B T E . i T . 1) PKLNT 4 s P x v T 52 NN = 7 D O 2 4 Mh=l. 2 : O3BI N S O T O ( L 5 , 2 a ),!!A 2 5 T B i K 57 S O Td 2 R 26 2 i l I N T 5 4 (S IHb, I ) , I = l , N N ) 28 ? i ; W 62, 24 CSdliYUi; G C 'IC 9 9 IF(YA'I3.LQ.l) D O 29 I=l,!IN X(;) = S(l,I)*h2/U1 + S(2.I) 29 C3YTINUE PEi!lT 5 0 , 1 2 ? R i N ? 6 2 , ( S C ( I ) , I=1 , N h ) GO ? O ( 1, 2 ) , I T Y P E 99 P R I N T 4 9 dET1!3N 4 9 PORXAT ( 1 H 1 ) 2hEEfiEC H U E FLANCE 5 0 PO3.H.AT ( / S O H STIcAIGH? H U A FLANGE 51 FORRAT (/SOH t3i I N C P L h : i G I 52 F03VkT (/50H Z A I C U L A T i C h S PCR 3CMiiST L G A D I h G 53 F O h Y A T ( S o d C A L C U L A T I O N S P O 3 i'Fi3SSLRS 1 3 A i i I h Z 5 4 FORE AT ( 5 0 H I ( SOH C L I C U L A T Z C I S F C k TtdPESA'IURE LOhDLbU 55 F o r ! t l i ' 56 F O a E A T ( d 6 d C k I L U L A T i C h S F C h C C l Y E I N f L L O A D i l . . G , f l L 3 h 3 2 2 Ir3n i T Y 1 P E = l Ok 2, W ; OF i ? Y P E = 3 , = l P E 1 2 . 4 //) 57 PC!d?lfii ( 5 0 H C k I C U L A T I C h S F C k ECLT L O A C I Y G // ) 90 0 60 PO3inAT ( 7 H S L S O = l r E 1 2 . 4 , 7 h SLSI=Z11.4,7H SCSO=EIL.U..7ii SCSi=ElTAP 9G 2 li.4//7H SLLO=Z12.4,7h SLLI=ilL.4,7H S C L O = E l L . 4 ,7li bCLi=sl~.4//?AP 90 4 S7H S'Ifi=ElL.4,7H SlF=ElL.4,7H S2H=rli. 4,7H 3i?F=il2.U//5H Z:A? JG=ElL. 4,5H Z C = E l i . 4, i H QFHG=E12.4,5H YC=E12.4,5d Yl=;lL.4,8H I A 90 6 4 'id 2 ?A = E 1 - 4 /) 2 AP 90 8 42 2 61 F 3 R . ' l i Z ( 7 H SICC=lTilL.4,7H SLSi=ZlL.4,7k S C S 3 z E l L . 4 , 7d aChI=ElSIH 42 12.4//7H S I ' H z E 1 2 .4 , 7 h S T F = E1L. 4 , 7 H SFq=E12.4.711 33 F = c l ~ 4 . //;IH 426 25H ZG=E12.4, 5H 2 C = E 1 ~ . 4 , 7 H QPHG=LlL.4,5H YO=LlL.U,Bh IH&IA=ElSTH 42 8 32 - 4 4 S TH 6 2 FOEFAT ( 7 H SOPT= 1 P E l L . 4 , 7H 5Gh=212.4,7H SGT=Eli!.4,7d 5 ~ R = E l i 3 L i 36 2 12.4.7H SC T = E l 2 . 4 , 7 H S AT= E l l . 4 / / 9 .-i zc=L12.4//) I3 L I 36 4 END
II'(I'l'.Lc,).IT2)
' ; O TO 2
137
( 4 , 4, 4, E, 4, 5 ) HA Tk 5 M A = ?IA + 3 u 40 T O ( I,2 . 3 ) , I T Y T E 1 S ( Y A , l ) = SLSC ) = SLEI S(!lA,2 s ( 7 . 4 3 ) = scso S(YA,4 ) = s C X s (?lX,S ) = S L L O S ( l h , 6 ) = SiLI s (na,7 = SCLO S ( ? l A , 8 ) = SCII S ( Y B , Y ) = S7F S(YA,lO) = S i F s ( H A , 11) = SFf. S ( Y b , l L ) = SBF S (YA, I?) = 7 G S(YP.,14) = 2C S ( > A , 15) = Q F H G
S(VA,ld) ti6 TQ 50 3(Y.4,1 ) S(,.A,2 ) S(YA,3 ) s (Yk, 4 ) s(YA,5 ) S(YA86 ) S(Y4,7 ) S (!&8 ) S(qA,9 ) S ( V k , 10)
= I1
= SLSI
= SL5C
3 S(lk,l
S (?A, I L ) = YO S ( J n , l 3 ) = IHP?A GO 53
S(MA,ll)
= ZG = 61:
scsc
5 U RPTJdN
E xil
S(YA,7
= 5CIiT
SGh
139
ORNL-5035 NRC-1, -5
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R. M. J. S. R. J.
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E. S. J. J. C. G. E. M. W.
E . Pugh
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