Item Bank on Design of Steel Structures by Upendra M.

Karkhanis ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Item Bank on

DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES

(as per IS:800-2007)
by Upendra M. Karkhanis

Question Types : A. Descriptive B. Numerical C. Diagrammatic ___________________________________________________________________________________________ A. DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS A.1 Topic 1 : Introduction and Load Analysis A.1.1 A.1.2 A.1.3 A.1.4 A.1.5 A.1.6 A.1.7 A.1.8 A.1.9 A.1.10 A.1.11 A.1.12 A.1.13 A.1.14 A.1.15 A.1.16 A.1.17 A.1.18 A.1.19 A.1.20 A.1.21 A.1.22 A.1.23 A.1.24 A.1.25 A.1.26 A.1.27 Enlist four common steel structures and state their functions State advantages of steel structures State disadvantages of steel structures Enlist salient points in stress strain curve of mild steel and state their meanings Enlist salient regions in stress-strain curve of mild steel and state their meanings State four mechanical properties of structural steel State the values of Youngs modulus, Shear modulus, Poissons ratio, unit weight of structural steel Enlist common standard types of steel sections and state their applications Enlist the designations of standard I-sections, channel sections and angle sections and state their long forms State the use of steel tables State 5 sectional properties given in a steel table Which IS codes are used for i) General Construction in Steel ii) Loading Standards State the use of i) IS:800-2007, ii) IS:875-1987, iii) SP:6(1) Enlist types of loads to be considered on a structure Enlist loads included in i) dead loads, ii) Imposed loads State the common roofing materials and values of their weights State two common cases of wind direction Referring IS:875-1987, state basic wind speed for i) Mysore, ii) Delhi, iii) Banglore State the meaning of the factors k1, k2 and k3 in wind load analysis Enlist two methods of analysis and design of steel structures. Which of them is the latest ? Define : Limit State Enlist two main limit states Enlist criteria included in limit state of strength Enlist criteria included in limit state of serviceability Enlist four classification categories of steel sections as per IS:800-2007 State in tabular form the values of b/tf and b/tw for I-section for plastic, compact and semi-compact class of sections Define : i) Load factor ii) Material factor of safety. State their values

A.2 Topic 2 : Connections A.2.1 A.2.2 A.2.3 A.2.4 Enlist three modes of connections in steel structures State advantages of bolted connections in comparison with riveted and welded connections Enlist component parts of a bolt What do you mean by i) gross cross-sectional area and ii) net cross-sectional area of a bolt ?

Item Bank on Design of Steel Structures by Upendra M. Karkhanis ____________________________________________________________________________________________

A.2.5 A.2.6 A.2.7 A.2.8 A.2.9 A.2.10 A.2.11 A.2.12 State the relation between gross and net cross-sectional area of a bolt. Define : i) pitch, ii) edge distance, iii) end distance in bolted connections State the formula for maximum edge distance and state meanings of terms in it. State IS specifications for minimum and maximum pitch of bolts State three modes of failure of a bolted connection What do you mean by design strength of a bolt ? State formulae for the following : i) Design Shear Capacity of a bolt ii) Nominal Tension Capacity of a bolt iii) Design Bearing Strength of a bolt Why are riveted connections becoming obsolete ?

A.3 Topic 3 : Tension Members A.3.1 A.3.2 A.3.3 A.3.4 A.3.5 A.3.6 A.3.7 A.3.8 Define : Tension Member State two common occurrences of a tension member What is net sectional area of a tension member ? Enlist three modes of failure of a tension member Define : i) Working load ii) Factored load What is the effect of pitch and gauge distance of bolts of a member on its tensile strength due to i) yielding of gross cross-section, ii) rupture of net cross-section, iii) block shear failure ? What is the effect of diameter of bolts of a member on its i) gross cross-sectional area and ii) net cross-sectional area ? What is the effect of the following factors on the block shear strength of a tension member : i) Number of bolts, ii) pitch, iii) edge distance and iv) gauge distance ?

A.4 Topic 4 : Compression Members A.4.1 A.4.2 A.4.3 A.4.4 A.4.5 A.4.6 A.4.7 A.4.8 A.4.9 A.4.10 A.4.11 A.4.12 A.4.13 Define : Compression Member State four standard conditions of support conditions of compression members and state corresponding expressions for effective length State four common forms of compression members Define : i) Effective length, ii) Slenderness Ratio of a compression member State the maximum permissible value of slenderness ratio for compression members carrying dead loads and imposed loads State four modes of failure of a compression member How does the design strength of a compression member vary with slenderness ratio ? Enlist the buckling classes specified by IS:800-2007 for compression members What are tack rivets ? State their function. Define : Compound Column. Under which situations is a compound column provided ? Define : i) Lacing System ii) Battening System State the function of lacing and battening systems How is choice made between lacing and battening systems ?

A.5 Topic 5 : Beams A.5.1 A.5.2 A.5.3 A.5.4 A.5.5 A.5.6 A.5.7 Enlist common varieties of beams and write their functions Enlist four categories of design cases of beams as per IS:800-2007 What do you mean by laterally supported beam ? State four modes of providing lateral supports to a beam Enlist four checks to be applied to flexural design of a steel beam Define : i) Web buckling ii) Web crippling State the permissible limit for deflection of a beam

Item Bank on Design of Steel Structures by Upendra M. Karkhanis ____________________________________________________________________________________________

A.5.8 A.5.9 A.5.10 A.5.11 A.5.12 A.5.13 Define : i) Elastic sectional modulus ii) Plastic sectional modulus of a beam State the value of b in determination of design plastic moment of resistance of beam Define : i) Plate girder, ii) Web stiffener, iii) Longitudinal stiffener, iv) Bearing stiffener or end post Under which circumstances a plate girder is used ? State two applications of plate girder Why are welded plate girders preferred to bolted plate girders ?

A.6 Topic 6 : Column Bases A.6.1 A.6.2 A.6.3 A.6.4 A.6.5 A.6.6 A.6.7 A.6.8 A.6.9 Define : Column base State common forms of foundations for steel structures State the purpose of providing a column base Enlist two types of column bases. State how is choice made between them. State formula for calculation of base plate for slab base State components of a slab base How is column connected to base plate ? How is base plate of slab base connected to concrete base ? How is gusseted base different from slab base ?

A.7 Topic 7 : Roof Trusses A.7.1 A.7.2 A.7.3 A.7.4 A.7.5 A.7.6 A.7.7 A.7.8 A.7.9 A.7.10 A.7.11 A.7.12 A.7.13 A.7.14 A.7.15 A.7.16 A.7.17 A.7.18 A.7.19 A.7.20 A.7.21 A.7.22 Define : i) Roof truss, ii) Purlin, iii) Cleat, iv) Rafter, v) Tie, vi) Strut, vii) Sling, viii) Eaves, ix) Jbolt, x) Pitch of truss, xi) Truss angle, xii) Ridge, xiii) Gusset plate Enlist common types of loads on roof truss What is panel point load? State the function of purlins State three assumptions made in the analysis of roof truss What is the nature of forces in roof truss members ? Is purlin a tension member, compression member or a flexural member ? How is purlin subjected to bi-axial bending ? Illustrate with diagram What are the general guidelines to select an angle section for purlin ? How is an angle purlin connected to rafter ? How is roof sheeting connected to purlin ? What is the function of gusset plate ? How is thickness of gusset plate decided ? State load combinations considered for design of roof truss Why the load combination DL + LL +WL is not considered ? State formula for calculation of self weight of roof truss State formula for calculation of live load on roof truss State formula for calculation of wind force State formula for calculation of design wind pressure Why there are no windward and leeward sides when wind is parallel to ridge ? Enlist common types of roof trusses and state their span ranges Which details are generally shown in drawing sheet of a roof truss design ?

Item Bank on Design of Steel Structures by Upendra M. Karkhanis ____________________________________________________________________________________________

B. NUMERICAL PROBLEMS [ Data common to all problems : Assume bolts to be in a single line. For steel members and plates : fu = 410 MPa and fy = 250 MPa. For bolts : fu = 400 MPa. Refer Steel Tables and IS codes for sectional properties and other data ] B.1 Topic 1 : Introduction and Load Analysis B.1.1 B.1.2 B.1.3 Calculate factored load for a working load of 20 kN/m. Calculate working load from a factored load of 90 kN. [Ans. 30 kN] [Ans. 60 kN]

Determine classification of the following sections : i) ISLB 175, ii) ISJB 225, iii) ISMB 550, iv) ISHB 350, v) ISLC 300, vi) ISMC 400

B.2 Topic 2 : Connections B.2.1 Calculate bolt hole diameter for the bolt having nominal diameter i) 14 mm, ii) 18 mm, iii) 24 mm, [Ans. 15 mm, 20 mm, 26 mm, 30 mm, 41 mm] iv) 27 mm, v) 38 mm Calculate maximum edge distance for a connection having maximum plate thickness of 10 mm
[Ans. 120 mm]

B.2.2 B.2.3 B.2.4

Calculate minimum and maximum pitch for a 16 mm diameter bolt. Calculate net effective cross-sectional area of 18 mm bolt.

[Ans. 40 mm, 300 mm] [Ans. 198.48 mm ]

2

B.2.5
B.2.6 B.2.7 B.2.8

Calculate design shear capacity of a 20 mm bolt in i) single shear and ii) double shear
[Ans. 45.276 kN, 90.552 kN]

Calculate design bearing capacity of a 18 mm bolt for a plate thickness of 12 mm.

[Ans.196.8 kN]

Calculate number of bolts required to transfer a factored axial force of 100 kN through a bolted connection using 12 mm bolts in single shear with plate thickness of 8 mm. [Ans. 7] Calculate bolt value for a 12 mm bolt for a plate thickness of 8 mm in i) single shear and ii) double shear. [Ans. 16.3 kN, 32.61 kN] An inclined truss member is made up of two ISA 125 x 75 x 10 connected back-to-back with longer leg connected to gusset plate 12 mm thick. Design a bolted connection to transfer a factored design force of 300 kN using 16 mm bolts. Draw connection details. Design suitable bolted connection for a single angle strut made up of ISA 100 x 75 x 8 using 10 mm gusset plate for a factored compressive load of 150 kN. Assume 20 mm bolts. Draw connection details. A connection between a double angle section 2 ISA 75 x 50 x 6 and gusset plate 8 mm thick consists of 6 bolts of 20 mm nominal diameter in a single line. Calculate maximum factored force the connection can resist. [Ans. 543.48 kN]

B.2.9

B.2.10

B.2.11

Item Bank on Design of Steel Structures by Upendra M. Karkhanis ____________________________________________________________________________________________

B.3 Topic 3 : Tension Members B.3.1 Calculate net cross-sectional area for a tension member made up of single ISA 100 x 75 x 10 with i) longer leg connected and ii) shorter leg connected with 16 mm bolts 2 2 [Ans. i) 1470 mm , ii) 1470 mm ] A tension member consists of single angle ISA 125 x 75 x 10 connected to 12 mm gusset plate. Calculate design strength for yielding of gross cross-section. [Ans. 432.25 kN] A tie member is made up of 2 ISA 100 x 65 x 8 connected to 10 mm gusset plate. Calculate design strength due to rupture of net cross-sectional area. [Ans. 524.8 kN] Determine block shear strength of a tension member made up of single ISA 80 x 60 x 8 using 10 mm gusset plate with 9 bolts of diameter 16 mm @ 50 mm c/c, end clearance 30 mm and gauge distance as 40 mm. [Ans. 450.76 kN] Solve question B.3.4 assuming double angle section. [Ans. 901.52 kN]

B.3.2

B.3.3

B.3.4

B.3.5 B.3.6 B.3.7

Design a single angle section for a tension member for a factored load of 125 kN. Draw the details. Design a double angle equal angle section for a tie member to resist a factored tensile load of 300 kN. Draw the details. Determine design tensile strength of a double angle section made up of ISA 70 x 45 x 8 with 10 mm gusset plate using 7 bolts of 16 mm diameter in a single line along the load. The bolts are pitched at 50 mm with end clearance of 30 mm and gauge distance of 40 mm. [Ans. 373.66 kN] Calculate design tensile strength of a single angle section made up of ISA 90 x 90 x 6 with 8 mm gusset plate using 5 bolts of 16 mm diameter in a single line along the load. The bolts are pitched at 50 mm with end clearance of 30 mm and gauge distance of 40 mm. [Ans. 207.08 kN]

B.3.8

B.3.9

B.4 Topic 4 : Compression Members B.4.1 B.4.2 Calculate effective length of a 7.5 m long column for the four standard cases of end conditions. Design a double angle rafter member for a factored compressive load of 450 kN. Take effective length of member as 1.8 m. Draw the details. Design a 2 m long single angle strut member for a factored compressive load of 200 kN. Draw the details. Determine load carrying capacity of a single angle ISA 70 x 45 x 10 compression member effective length 3 m. Determine load carrying capacity of a double angle compression member made up of 2 ISA 125 x 75 x 8 with an angle on either side of 10 mm gusset plate. Length of member is 3.5 m with both ends fixed. Check whether the following sections are safe in local buckling : i) ISA 90 x 90 x 6 75 x 8 and iii) ISA 200 x 150 x 20. ii) ISA 100 x

B.4.3

B.4.4

B.4.5

B.4.6

Item Bank on Design of Steel Structures by Upendra M. Karkhanis ____________________________________________________________________________________________

B.5 Topic 5 : Beams B.5.1 A simply supported beam having span 6 m is carrying a factored load of 28 kN/m over entire span. The beam is laterally supported. Design the beam for flexure and check for shear and deflection. A simply supported beam has span 5.5 m and it carries a load of 40 kN at its centre. Check whether ISLB 600 is suitable for i) shear and ii) deflection. Check whether ISMB 450 is sufficient for flexure for a simply supported beam of span 4 m carrying load of 20 kN/m. A simply supported beam is made up of section ISJB 400. Determine ultimate load carrying capacity if span of beam is 4.5 m.

B.5.2

B.5.3

B.5.4

B.6 Topic 6 : Column Bases B.6.1 Design a suitable slab base for an ISHB 500 to transfer a factored load of 1000 kN to foundation 2 stratum having bearing capacity 400 kN/m . Assume concrete of grade M15. Draw the details. Calculate thickness of base plate of a slab base having ultimate upward soil pressure of 2 340 kN/m . Projections of plate beyond column faces are 95 mm and 85 mm.

B.6.2

B.7 Topic 7 : Roof Trusses B.7.1 An area of 16 m x 40 m is to be covered with a roof truss system. Assuming Howe type truss, decide layout of trusses and purlin system and show in a plan. Also decide dimensions of truss and show in a diagram. Determine critical panel point dead load for a Pratt type roof truss having span 18 m and spacing 3.5 m. Assume your own values of weights of roofing material and other materials. Draw a diagram showing panel point loads. Determine critical panel point imposed load for a Fink type roof truss having span 20 m and spacing 2.8 m. Draw a diagram showing panel point loads. Determine critical panel point wind load for a Fan type roof truss having span 16 m and spacing 2.5 m. Take basic wind speed as 31 m/s with k1 = 0.9, k2 = 1 and k3 = 1. For wind parallel to ridge, Cpe = - 0.2. For wind perpendicular to ridge, Cpe = - 0.35 (windward side) and 0.25 (leeward side). Cpi = 0.5. Draw a diagram showing panel point loads. Design an unequal angle section as purlin for a roof truss system having roof trusses at spacing 2.8 m with total design working loads as dead load of 300 N/m, imposed load 600 N/m and wind load 1470 N/m (upwards, parallel to longer leg). Take truss angle as 220. Consider DL+IL and DL+WL combinations. Check the design for bi-axial bending.

B.7.2

B.7.3

B.7.4

B.7.5

Item Bank on Design of Steel Structures by Upendra M. Karkhanis ____________________________________________________________________________________________

C. DIAGRAM QUESTIONS C.1 Topic 1 : Introduction and Load Analysis Draw labeled diagrams of the following : C.1.1 C.1.2 C.1.3 C.1.4 C.1.5 C.1.6 Transmission tower Elevated steel water tank Gantry and crane girder Stress-strain curve for mild steel Standard I, Channel, Angle (equal and unequal) sections Compound sections made up of double angles, double channels (back-to-back and toe-to-toe), double I-sections, I sections with flange plates

C.2 Topic 2 : Connections Draw labeled diagrams of the following : C.2.1 C.2.2 C.2.3 C.2.4 C.2.5 C.2.6 C.2.7 C.2.8 C.2.9 C.2.10 C.2.11 C.2.12 A bolt and nut showing the parts bolt head, shank and thread Single shear failure of bolt Double shear failure of bolt Tensile failure of bolt Bending failure of bolt Bearing failure of bolt Bolted beam to beam connection of a secondary beam ISLB 200 with main beam ISLB 300 Bolted beam to beam connection of two secondary beams ISLB 400 with a main beam ISLB 500 Bolted beam to column connection of a beam ISLB 250 with flange of column ISHB 350 Bolted beam to column connection of a beam with web of column Bolted beam to column connection of a beam each to flange and web of column IS specifications for maximum and minimum pitch, gauge distance, end clearance in a bolted connection of a single angle tension member with gusset plate

C.3 Topic 3 : Tension Members Draw labeled diagrams of the following : C.3.1 C.3.2 C.3.3 C.3.4 Dimensions of shear block for bolted tension member connection L-section and cross-section of a single angle tension member L-section and cross-section of a double angle tension member with angle on either side of gusset plate L-section and cross-section of a double angle tension member with angle on the same side of gusset plate

C.4 Topic 4 : Compression Members Draw labeled diagrams of the following : C.4.1 C.4.2 C.4.3 C.4.4 C.4.5 C.4.6 Four standard cases of support conditions of compression members and corresponding expressions for effective length Buckling of a compression member Single lacing system for compound columns (two views) Single lacing system with cross members for compound columns (two views) Double lacing system for compound columns (two views) Double lacing system with cross members for compound columns (two views)

Item Bank on Design of Steel Structures by Upendra M. Karkhanis ____________________________________________________________________________________________

C.4.7 Battening system for compound columns (two views)

C.5 Topic 5 : Beams Draw labeled diagrams of the following : C.5.1 C.5.2 C.5.3 C.5.4 C.5.5 C.5.6 C.5.7 C.5.8 C.5.9 C.5.10 C.5.11 C.5.12 C.5.13 C.5.14 C.5.15 Laterally supported beam with top flange embedded in concrete slab Laterally supported beam with flange stud embedded in concrete slab 3-D view and plan showing purlins in a roof truss system Girt supporting side sheeting with J-bolts Crane and gantry girder system Lintel Stringer beam in a staircase Main and secondary beams in a beams system Web buckling in a beam Web crippling in a beam I-section showing all the dimensions required for section classification Two varieties of cross-section of a bolted plate girder Two varieties of cross-section of a welded plate girder Cross-section of a box type plate girder L-section and two cross-sections of a plate girder showing flange plates, web plates, bearing stiffeners, horizontal or longitudinal stiffeners, Intermediate transverse stiffeners, splices

C.6 Topic 6 : Column Bases Draw labeled diagrams of the following : C.6.1 C.6.2 Two views of a slab base Two views of a gusseted base

C.7 Topic 7 : Roof Trusses Draw labeled diagrams of the following : C.7.1 C.7.2 C.7.3 C.7.4 C.7.5 C.7.6 C.7.7 C.7.8 C.7.9 Pratt, Howe and Fink type roof truss 3-D view of a roof truss system showing trusses, purlins, sheeting, ridge, eaves, tie, rafter, struts, slings, columns, side sheeting and girt Joint of purlin with cleat, rafter, sheeting and J-bolt Pitched roof showing internal and external wind pressure arrows indicating suction and pressure Plan of roof showing wind direction, wind angle, windward and leeward sides of roof Plan of roof showing cases of i) wind parallel to ridge and ii) wind perpendicular to ridge. Show windward, leeward sides and wind angle. Plan of trussed roof system and truss showing spacing and span of trusses, spacing of purlins and panel area Joint of roof truss with support Joint at roof truss ridge