Jabberwocky

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Jabberwocky (disambiguation).

The Jabberwock, as illustrated by John Tenniel

"Jabberwocky" is a nonsense verse poem written by Lewis Carroll in his 1 !" novelThrough the LookingGlass, and What lice Found There, a se#uel to lice!s d"entures in Wonderland$ The book tells of %lice&s adventures within the back'to'front world of a lookin( (lass$ )n a scene in which she is in conversation with the chess pieces White *in( andWhite +ueen, %lice finds a book written in a seemin(ly unintelli(ible lan(ua(e$ ,ealisin( that she is travellin( throu(h an inverted world, she reco(nises that the verse on the pa(es are written in mirror'writin($ -he holds a mirror to one of the poems, and reads the reflected verse of "Jabberwocky"$ -he finds the nonsense verse as pu..lin( as the odd land she has walked into, later revealed as a dreamscape$ /10 "Jabberwocky" is considered one of the (reatest nonsense poems written in 1n(lish$ /"0/20 )ts playful, whimsical lan(ua(e has (iven us nonsense words andneolo(isms such as "(alumphin(" and "chortle"$ Contents
[hide]

1 Origin and publication 2 Lexicon

2.1 Possible interpretations of words 3 Linguistics and poetics

4 Translations !eception " #ee also $ !eferences % #ources & 'urther reading 1( )xternal lin*s

[edit]Origin

and publication

% decade before the publication of lice!s d"entures in Wonderland and the se#uel Through the Looking Glass, Carroll wrote the first stan.a to what would become "Jabberwocky" while in Croft on Tees, close to nearby 3arlin(ton, where he lived as a child, and printed it in 1 44 in #ischmasch, a periodical he wrote and illustrated for the amusement of his family$ The piece was titled "-tan.a of %n(lo'-a5on 6oetry" and read7 Twas brylly(, and ye slythy toves 3id (yre and (ymble in ye wabe7 %ll mimsy were ye boro(oves8 %nd ye mome raths out(rabe$ The rest of the poem was written durin( Lewis Carroll&s stay with relatives at Whitburn, near -underland$ The story may have been partly inspired by the local -underland area le(end of the Lambton Worm$/90/40 The concept of nonsense verse was not new to Carroll who would have known of chapbooks such as The World Turned $%side &ownand stories such as "The :reat 6an;undrum"$ <onsense e5isted in -hakespeare&s work and was well'known in the brothers :rimm&s fairytales, some of which are called lyin( tales or l'genmarchen$/=0 ,o(er Lancelyn :reen su((ests that "Jabberwocky" is a parody of the old :erman ballad "The -hepherd of the :iant >ountains" in which a shepherd kills a (riffin that is attackin( his sheep$/!0/ 0 The ballad had been translated into 1n(lish in blank verse by Lewis Carroll&s cousin >enella ?ute -medley in 1 9=, many years before the appearance of the %lice books$ /@0/ 0 Aistorian -ean ?$ 6almer su((ests that Carroll was inspired by a section from -hakespeare&s (amlet, citin( the lines7 "The (raves stood tenantless, and the sheeted deadB3id s#ueak and (ibber in the ,oman streets" from %ct ), -cene i$/1C0/110 John Tenniel reluctantly a(reed to illustrate the book in 1 !1/1"0, and his illustrations are still the definin( ima(es of the poem$ The illustration of the Jabberwock may reflect the contemporary Dictorian obsession with natural history and the fast'evolvin( sciences ofpalaeontolo(y and (eolo(y$ -tephen 6rickett notes that in the conte5t

of 3arwin and >antell&s publications and vast e5hibitions of dinosaurs, such as those at the Crystal 6alace from 1 94, it is unsurprisin( that Tenniel (ave the Jabberwock "the leathery win(s of apterodactyl and the lon( scaly neck and tail of a sauropod$"/1"0

[edit]Lexicon

"Jabberwocky"

&Twas brilli(, and the slithy toves 3id (yre and (imble in the wabe8 %ll mimsy were the boro(oves, %nd the mome raths out(rabe$

"?eware the Jabberwock, my sonE The ;aws that bite, the claws that catchE ?eware the Jub;ub bird, and shun The frumious ?andersnatchE"

Ae took his vorpal sword in hand7 Lon( time the man5ome foe he sou(ht'' -o rested he by the Tumtum tree, %nd stood awhile in thou(ht$

%nd as in uffish thou(ht he stood, The Jabberwock, with eyes of flame, Came whifflin( throu(h the tul(ey wood, %nd burbled as it cameE

Fne, twoE Fne, twoE and throu(h and throu(h The vorpal blade went snicker'snackE Ae left it dead, and with its head Ae went (alumphin( back$

"%nd hast thou slain the JabberwockG Come to my arms, my beamish boyE F frab;ous dayE CalloohE CallayE" Ae chortled in his ;oy$

&Twas brilli(, and the slithy toves 3id (yre and (imble in the wabe8

%ll mimsy were the boro(oves, %nd the mome raths out(rabe$

from Through the Looking-Glass, and What lice Found ThereH1 !"I$

>any of the words in the poem are playful nonce words of Carroll&s own invention, without intended e5plicit meanin($ When %lice has finished readin( the poem she (ives her impressions7 &)t seems very pretty,& she said when she had finished it, &but it&s rather hard to understandE& HJou see she didn&t like to confess, even to herself, that she couldn&t make it out at all$I &-omehow it seems to fill my head with ideasKonly ) don&t e5actly know what they areE Aowever, somebody killed somethin(7 that&s clear, at any rate& /10 This may reflect Carroll&s intention for his readership8 the poem is, after all, part of a dream$ )n later writin(s he discussed some of his le5icon, commentin( that he did not know the specific meanin(s or sources of some of the words8 the lin(uistic ambi(uity and uncertainty throu(hout both the book and the poem may lar(ely be the point$ /120 )n Through the LookingGlass, the character of Aumpty 3umpty, in response to %lice&s re#uest, e5plains to her the non'sense words from the first stan.a of the poem8 however, Carroll&s personal commentary on several of the words differ from Aumpty&s$ For e5ample, followin( the poem, a "rath" is described by Aumpty as "a sort of (reen pi("$ /190 Carroll&s notes for the ori(inal in #ischmasch su((est a "rath" is "a species of ?ad(er" that "lived chiefly on cheese" and had smooth white hair, lon( hind le(s, and short horns like a sta($ /140 The appendices to certain Looking Glasseditions, however, state that the creature is "a species of land turtle" that lived on swallows and oysters$/140 Later critics added their own interpretations of the le5icon, often without reference to Carroll&s own conte5tual commentary$ %n e5tended analysis of the poem and Carroll&s commentary is (iven in the book The nnotated lice by >artin :ardner$ )n January 1 = , Carroll wrote to his publisher >acmillan, askin(, "Aave you any means, or can you find any, for printin( a pa(e or two of the ne5t volume of %lice in reverseG" This may su((est that Carroll was wantin( to print the whole poem in mirror writin($ >acmillian responded that it would cost a (reat deal more to do, and this may have dissuaded him$ /140
+,abberwoc*-+ ./0 )nglish1

Problems listening to this file? See media help.

)n the author&s note to the Christmas 1 @= edition of Through the Looking-Glass Carroll writes, "The new words, in the poem Jabberwocky, have (iven rise to some differences of opinion as to their pronunciation, so it may be well to (ive instructions on that point also$ 6ronounce &slithy& as if it were the two words, &sly, thee&7 make the &(& hard in &(yre& and &(imble&7 and pronounce &rath& to rhyme with &bath$&" /1=0 )n the 6reface to The (unting o) the *nark, Carroll wrote, "/Let0 me take this opportunity of answerin( a #uestion that has often been asked me, how to pronounce "slithy toves$" The "i" in "slithy" is lon(, as in "writhe", and "toves" is pronounced so as to rhyme with "(roves$" %(ain, the first "o" in "boro(oves" is pronounced like the "o" in "borrow$" ) have heard people try to (ive it the sound of the "o" in "worry$" -uch is Auman 6erversity$"/1!0

[edit]Possible

interpretations of words

?andersnatch7 % swift movin( creature with snappin( ;aws, capable of e5tendin( its neck$/1!0 % &bander& was also an archaic word for a &leader&, su((estin( that a &bandersnatch& mi(ht be an animal that hunts the leader of a (roup$ /140

?eamish7 ,adiantly beamin(, happy, cheerful$ %lthou(h Carroll may have believed he had coined this word, it is cited in the F5ford 1n(lish 3ictionary in 142C$/1
0

?oro(ove7 Followin( the poem Aumpty 3umpty says, " &boro(ove& is a thin shabby' lookin( bird with its feathers stickin( out all round, somethin( like a live mop$" )n e5planatory book notes Carroll describes it further as "an e5tinct kind of 6arrot$ They had no win(s, beaks turned up, made their nests under sun'dials and lived on veal$"/140 )n (unting o) the *nark, Carroll says that the initial syllable of borogo"e is pronounced as in borrow rather than as in worry$/190/1!0

?rilli(7 Followin( the poem, the character of Aumpty 3umpty comments7 " &?rilli(& means four o&clock in the afternoon, the time when you be(in broilin( thin(s for dinner$"/190 %ccordin( to #ischmasch, it is derived from the verb to bryl or broil$

?urbled7 )n a letter of 3ecember 1 !!, Carroll notes that "burble" could be a mi5ture of the three verbs &bleat&, &murmer&, and &warble&, althou(h he didn&t remember creatin( it$ /1
/1@0 0

Chortled7 "Combination of &chuckle& and &snort&$" HF13I Frab;ous7 6ossibly a blend of )air, )abulous, and +oyous$ 3efinition from F5ford 1n(lish 3ictionary, credited to Lewis Carroll$

Frumious7 Combination of "fumin(" and "furious"$ ,n (unting o) the *nark Carroll comments, "/T0ake the two words &fumin(& and &furious&$ >ake up your mind that you will say both words, but leave it unsettled which you will say first$ <ow open your mouth and speak$ )f your thou(hts incline ever so little towards &fumin(&, you will say &fumin('furious&8 if they turn, by even a hair&s breadth, towards &furious&, you will say &furious'fumin(&8 but if you have the rarest of (ifts, a perfectly balanced mind, you will say &frumious&$" /1!0

:alumphin(7 6erhaps used in the poem a blend of &(allop& and &triumphant&$ /1 0 Lsed later by *iplin(, and cited by Webster as "To move with a clumsy and heavy tread" /"C0

:imble7"To make holes as does a (imlet$"/190 :yre7 "To &(yre& is to (o round and round like a (yroscope$" /190 Gyre is entered in the F13 from 19"C, meanin( a circular or spiral motion or form8 especially a (iant circular oceanic surface current$ Aowever, Carroll also wrote in #ischmasch that it meant to scratch like a do($/140 The g is pronounced like the B(B in gold, not like gem$/"10

Jabberwocky7 When a class in the :irls& Latin -chool in ?oston asked Carroll&s permission to name their school ma(a.ine The Jabberwock, he replied7 "The %n(lo' -a5on word &wocer& or &wocor& si(nifies &offsprin(& or &fruit&$ Takin( &;abber& in its ordinary acceptation of &e5cited and voluble discussion,&"/140

Jub;ub bird7 &% desperate bird that lives in perpetual passion&, accordin( to the ?utcher in Carroll&s later poem The (unting o) the *nark$/1!0 &Jub& is an ancient word for a ;erkin or a dialect word for the trot of a horse HF13I$ )t mi(ht make reference to the call of the bird resemblin( the sound ";ub, ;ub"$/140

>an5ome7 6ossibly &fearsome&8 % portmanteau of "manly" and "bu5om", the latter relatin( to men for most of its history8 or relatin( to >an5 people$

>imsy7 " &>imsy& is &flimsy and miserable& "$/190 >ome rath7 Aumpty 3umpty says followin( the poem7 "% &rath& is a sort of (reen pi(7 but &mome" )&m not certain about$ ) think it&s short for &from home&, meanin( that they&d lost their way"$/190 Carroll&s notes for the ori(inal in #ischmasch state7 "a species of ?ad(er /which0 had smooth white hair, lon( hind le(s, and short horns like a sta( /and0 lived chiefly on cheese"/140 15planatory book notes comment that &>ome& means to seem &(rave& and a &,ath&7 is "a species of land turtle$ Aead erect, mouth like a shark, the front forele(s curved out so that the animal walked on its knees, smooth (reen body, lived on swallows and oysters$"/140 )n the1@41 animated film adaptation of the book&s pre#uel, the mome raths are depicted as small, multi'colored creatures with tufty hair, round eyes, and lon( le(s resemblin( pipe stems$

Fut(rabe7 Aumpty says " &out(ribin(& is somethin( between bellowin( and whistlin(, with a kind of snee.e in the middle"$/190Carroll&s book appendices su((est it is the past tense of the verb to &out(ribe&, connected with the old verb to &(rike& or &shrike&, which derived &shriek& and &creak& and hence &s#ueak&$ /140

-lithy7 Aumpty 3umpty says7 " &-lithy& means &lithe and slimy&$ &Lithe& is the same as &active&$ Jou see it&s like a portmanteau, there are two meanin(s packed up into one word$"/190 The ori(inal in #isch#asch notes that &slithy& means "smooth and active"/140 The iis lon(, as in writhe$

-nicker'snack7 possibly related to the lar(e knife, the snickersnee$/1

Tove7 Aumpty 3umpty says " &Toves& are somethin( like bad(ers, they&re somethin( like li.ards, and they&re somethin( like corkscrews$ /$$$0 %lso they make their nests under sun'dials, also they live on cheese$"/190 6ronounced so as to rhyme withgro"es$/1!0 They "(yre and (imble," i$e$ rotate and bore$

Tul(ey7 Carroll himself said he could (ive no source for Tul(ey$ Could be taken to mean thick, dense, dark$

Lffish7 Carroll noted ")t seemed to su((est a state of mind when the voice is (ruffish, the manner rou(hish, and the temper huffish"$ /1
0/1@0

Dorpal7 Carroll said he could not e5plain this word, thou(h it has been noted that it can be formed by takin( letters alternately from "verbal" and "(ospel"$ /""0

Wabe7 The characters in the poem su((est it means "The (rass plot around a sundial", called a &wa'be& because it "(oes a lon( way before it, and a lon( way behind it"$ /190 )n the ori(inal #isch#asch te5t, Carroll states a &wabe& is "the side of a hill Hfrom its bein( soaked by rainI"$/140

[edit]Linguistics

and poetics

%lthou(h the poem contains many nonsensical words, 1n(lish synta5 and poetic forms are observed, such as the #uatrain verses, the (eneral abab rhyme scheme and the iambic meter$/"20 The lin(uist Lucas believes the "nonsense" term is inaccurate$ The poem relies on a distortion of sense rather than "non'sense", allowin( the reader to infer meanin( and therefore en(a(e with narrative while le5ical allusions swim under the surface of the poem$/!0/"90 6arsons describes the work as a "semiotic catastrophe", ar(uin( that the words create a discernible narrative within the structure of the poem, althou(h the reader cannot know what they symbolise$ -he ar(ues that Aumpty tries, after the recitation, to "(round" the unruly multiplicities of meanin( with definitions, but cannot succeed as both the book and the poem are play(rounds for the "carnivalised aspect of lan(ua(e"$ 6arsons su((ests that this is mirrored in the prosody of the poem7 in the tussle between thetetrameter in the first three lines of each stan.a and trimeter in the last lines, such that one undercuts the other and we are left off balance, like the poem&s hero$/120 Carroll wrote many poems parodies such as "Twinkle, twinkle little bat", "Jou are old, father William" and "Aow doth the little crocodileG" They have become (enerally more well known than the ori(inals they are based on, and this is certainly the case with "Jabberwocky"$ /!0The poems& success do not rely on any reco(nition or association of the poems they parody$ Lucas su((ests that the ori(inal poems provide a stron( container but Carroll&s works are famous precisely because of their random, surreal #uality$ /!0Carroll&s (rave playfulness has been compared with that of the poet 1dward Lear, thou(h there is no evidence that Carroll knew of his work$ There are also parallels with the work of :erard >anley Aopkins in the

hi(h use of soundplay, alliteration, created'lan(ua(e andportmanteau$ ?oth writers were Carroll&s contemporaries$/120

[edit]Translations

Twas brilig, and the slithy to"es &id gyre and gimble in the wabell mimsy were the borogo"es, nd the mome raths outgrabe.

"Jabberwocky" has been translated into many lan(ua(es$ /"40 )t becomes a difficult task because the poems holds to 1n(lish synta5 and many of the principal words of the poem are invented$ Translators have (enerally dealt with them by creatin( e#uivalent words of their own$ Fften these are similar in spellin( or sound to Carroll&s while respectin( the morpholo(y of the lan(ua(e they are bein( translated into$ )n Frank L$ Warrin&s French translation, "&Twas brilli(" becomes ")l bril(ue"$ )n instances like this, both the ori(inal and the invented words echo actual words of Carroll&sle5icon, but not necessarily ones with similar meanin(s$ Translators have invented words which draw on root words with meanin(s similar to the 1n(lish roots used by Carroll$ 3ou(las Aofstadter noted in his essay "Translations of Jabberwocky", the word &slithy&, for e5ample, echoes the 1n(lish &slimy&, &slither&, &slippery&, &lithe& and &sly&$ % French translation that uses &lubricilleu5& for &slithy&, evokes French words like &lubrifier& Hto lubricateI in order to (ive an impression of a meanin( similar to that of Carroll&s word$ )n his e5ploration of the translation challen(e, Aofstadter asks "what if a word does e5ist, but it is very intellectual'soundin( and Latinate H&lubricilleu5&I, rather than earthy and %n(lo'-a5on H&slithy&IG 6erhaps &huilasse& would be better than &lubricilleu5&G Fr does the Latin ori(in of the word &lubricilleu5& not make itself felt to a speaker of French in the way that it would if it were an 1n(lish word H&lubricilious&, perhapsIG "$ /"=0

Aofstadter also notes that it makes a (reat difference whether the poem is translated in isolation or as part of a translation of the novel$ )n the latter case the translator must, throu(h Aumpty 3umpty, supply e5planations of the invented words$ ?ut, he su((ests, "even in this patholo(ically difficult case of translation, there seems to be some rou(h e#uivalence obtainable, a kind of rou(h isomorphism, partly (lobal, partly local, between the brains of all the readers"$/"=0 )n 1@=!, 3$:$ Frlovskaya wrote a popular ,ussian translation of "Jabberwocky" entitled "?arma(lot" H"MNOPNQRST"I$ -he translated "?arma(lot" for "Jabberwock", "?randashmy(" for "?andersnatch" while "myumsiki" H"PUPVWXW"I echoes "mimsy"$ Full translations of "Jabberwocky" into French and :erman can be found in The nnotated lice alon( with a discussion of why some translation decisions were made$ /"!0 Chao Juen ,en, a Chinese lin(uist, translated the poem into Chinese/" 0 by inventin( characters to imitate what ,ob :ifford of <ational 6ublic ,adio refers to as the "slithy toves that (yred and (imbled in the wabe of Carroll&s ori(inal"$/"@0-atya;it ,ay, a film'maker, translated the work into ?en(ali/2C0 and concrete poet %u(usto de Campos created a ?ra.ilian 6ortu(uese version$ There is also an %rabic translation/210 by Wael %l'>ahdi, and at least two into Croatian$/2"0$ >ultiple translations into Latinwere made within the first weeks of Carroll&s ori(inal publication$/220

[edit]Reception
%ccordin( to Chesterton and :reen and others, the ori(inal purpose of "Jabberwocky" was to satiri.e both pretentious verse and i(norant literary critics$ )t was desi(ned as verse desi(ned to show how not to write verse, but eventually became the sub;ect of pedestrian translation or e5planation and incorporated into classroom learnin($ /290 )t has also been interpreted as a parody of contemporary F5ford scholarship and specifically the story of how ?en;amin Jowett, the notoriously a(nostic 6rofessor of :reek at F5ford, and >aster of ?alliol, came to si(n the Thirty-.ine rticles, as an %n(lican statement of faith, to save his ;ob$/240 The transformation of audience perception from satire to seriousness, was in a lar(e part predicted by :$ *$ Chesterton, who wrote in 1@2", "6oor, poor, little %liceE -he has not only been cau(ht and made to do lessons8 she has been forced to inflict lessons on others$"/2=0 )t is often now cited as one of the (reatest nonsense poems written in the 1n(lish lan(ua(e,
/"0/20

the source for countless parodies and tributes$ )n most cases the writers have chan(ed

the non'sense words into words relatin( to the parodied sub;ect, as in Frank Jacobs&s ")f Lewis Carroll Were a Aollywood 6ress %(ent in the Thirties" in #ad )or /etter or 0erse$
/2!0

Fther writers use the poem as a form, much like a sonnet, and create their own words for

it as in "-trunklemiss" by -$ *$ %.oulay/2 0 or the poem "Fh Freddled :runtbu((ly" recited by 6rostetnic Do(on Jelt. in 3ou(las %dams& The (itchhiker!s Guide to the Gala1y, a book which contains numerous other references and homa(es to Carroll&s work$ /2@0

Fh freddled (runtbu((ly thy micturations are to me %s plurdled (abbleblotchits on a lur(id bee$ :roop ) implore thee my foontin( turlin(dromes %nd hooptiously dran(le me with crinkly bindlewurdles, Fr ) will rend thee in the (obberwarts with my blur(lecruncheon, see if ) don&tE/9C0/2@0 -ome of the words that Carroll created such as "chortled" and "(alumphin(" have entered the 1n(lish lan(ua(e and are listed in theF5ford 1n(lish 3ictionary$ The word ";abberwocky" itself has come to refer to non'sense lan(ua(e$ % son( called "?eware the Jabberwock" was written for 3isney&s lice in Wonderland, to be sun( by -tan Freber( with the ,hythmaires and 3aws ?utler$ Written by 3on ,aye and :ene de 6aul, it was a musical rendition of the "Jabberwocky" verse$ The son( was not included in the final film, but a demo recordin( was included in the "CC9 and "C1C 3D3 releases of the movie$

[edit]See

also

Works influenced by %lice in Wonderland

[edit]References

1. 2.

Y a b Carroll, Lewis H"C1CI lice!s d"entures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass pp =9Z=4 Createspace ltd)-?< 1'94C4'!!=1'[ Y a b :ardner, >artin H1@@@I$ The nnotated lice2 The &e)initi"e 3dition $ <ew Jork, <J7 W$W$ <orton and Company$ "Few would dispute that Jabberwocky is the (reatest of all nonsense poems in 1n(lish$"

2$

Y a b ,undus, ,aymond J$ HFctober 1@=!I$ ""F Frab;ous 3ayE"7 )ntroducin( 6oetry"$ The 3nglish Journal H<ational Council of Teachers of 1n(lishI 5 H!I7 @4 Z @=2$ doi71C$"2C!B 1"=2"$J-TF, 1"=2"$

9$ 4$

Town Like lice!s H1@@!I >ichael ?ute Aerita(e 6ublications, -underland

! lice in *underland H"CC!I ?rian Talbot 3ark Aorse publications$ ! Carpenter H1@ 4I, 44Z4= Y a b c d "Jabberwocky back to Fld 1n(lish7 <onsense, %n(lo'-a5on and F5ford" by Lucas, 6eter J$ in Language (istory and Linguistic #odelling H1@@!I p4C2'4"C )-?< @! '2'11'C194C9'4

". $.

Y a b Audson, 3erek H1@!!I Lewis 4arroll2 an illustrated biogra%hy$ Crown 6ublishers, !=

@$

! >artin :ardner H"CCCI The nnotated lice$ <ew Jork7 <orton p 149, n$ 9"$

1C$ ! "Aamlet and Jabberwocky" 3ssays by *ean 5almer "1 %u( "CC4

11. ! Carroll makes later reference to the same lines from (amlet%ct ), -cene i in the
1 =@ poem "6hantasma(oria"$ Ae wrote7 "-hakspeare /sic0 ) think it is who treatsBFf :hosts, in days of old,BWho &(ibbered in the ,oman streets"$

12. Y a b 6rickett, -tephen H"CC4I 0ictorian Fantasy ?aylor Lniversity 6ress p

1'@2"!@"'2C'@

C )-?<

13. Y a b c 6arsons, >arnie H1@@9I Touch monkeys2 nonsense strategies )or reading
twentieth-century %oetry Lniversity of Toronto 6ress pp =! '!2 )-?< C' C"C'"@ 2'2

14. Y a b c d e f g h i j k Carroll, Lewis H"C1CI

lice!s d"entures in Wonderland and

Through the Looking-Glass p@= Createspace ltd )-?< 1'94C4'!!=1'[ 14$ Y a b c d e f g h i j k l m Carroll, Lewis H%uthorI, Tenniel, John H"CC2I lice!s d"entures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass 6en(uin Classics pp2" '221 )-?< C'19'192@!='@ 1=$ ! Carroll, Lewis H"CC4I Through the Looking Glass$ Aayes ?arton 6ress p$ 9 )-?<7 L@@@!C1=C

1$. Y a b c d e f Lewis Carroll H"CC=I /1

!=0$ The nnotated (unting o) the *nark$ edited

with notes by >artin :ardner, illustrations by Aenry Aoliday and others, introduction by %dam :opnikH"3efinitive 1dition" ed$I$ W$ W$ <orton$ )-?< C2@2C="9""$

1%. Y a b c d e Carroll, Lewis H"CC@I

lice!s d"entures in Wonderland and Through the

Looking-Glass "15planatory notes"8 1ditor7 Aunt, 6eter$ FL6 F5ford$ p" 2 )-?< C' 1@'@44 "@'@ ,eferences the F5ford 1n(lish 3ictionary H142CI$ 1@$ Y a b Lewis Carroll, Letter to >aud -tanden, 3ecember 1 !! "C$ ! The #erriam-Webster new book o) word histories H1@@1I >erriam Webster p"9! )-?< C' !!!@'=C2'2 "1$ ! From the preface to Through the Looking-Glass$ ""$ ! :ardner, >artin, ed$ H1@!1I /1@=C0$ The nnotated lice$ <ew Jork7 The World 6ublishin( Company$ pp$ 1@4Z1@=$ "2$ ! :ross and >c3owell H1@@=I *ound and )orm in modern %oetry ?y p14 The Lniversity of >ichi(an 6ress )-?< C'9!"'C=41!'2 "9$ ! For a full lin(uistic and phonetic analysis of the poem see the article "Jabberwocky back to Fld 1n(lish7 <onsense, %n(lo'-a5on and F5ford" by Lucas, 6eter J$ in Language (istory and Linguistic #odelling H1@@!I p4C2'4"C )-?< @! '2' 11'C194C9'4

2 . ! Lim, *eith$ Jabberwocky Dariations7 Translations$ %ccessed "CC!'1C'"1$

"=$ Y a b Aofstadter, 3ou(las ,$ H1@ CI$ "Translations of Jabberwocky"$ G6del, 3scher, /ach2 n 3ternal Golden /raid$ <ew Jork, <J7 Dinta(e ?ooks$ )-?< C2@9!94C"!$ "!$ ! >$ :ardner, ed$, The %nnotated %lice, 1@=C8 London7 6en(uin 1@!C, p$ 1@2f$ " $ ! Chao, Juen ,en H1@=@I$ "3imensions of Fidelity in Translation With -pecial ,eference to Chinese"$ (ar"ard Journal o) siatic *tudies HAarvard'Jenchin( )nstituteI "#7 1C@Z12C$ doi71C$"2C!B"!1 2C$ J-TF, "!1 2C

"@$ ! :ifford, ,ob$ "The :reat Wall of the >ind$" 4hina 7oad$,andom Aouse$ "CC $ "2!$ 2C$ ! ,obinson, %ndrew H"CC9I *atya+it 7ay$ )$?$ Tauris p"@ 21$ ! Wael %l'>ahdi H"C1CI Jabberwocky in %rabic 2"$ ! "6ri\a o Audodraku, *ara.ubu i Jabberwocky;u" Hin CroatianI$ *ulturtre(er B ** ?ooksa$ ,etrieved date]"C11'C@'"9$ 22$ ! Dansittart, %u(ustus %rthur H1 !"I$ ">ors )abrochii"$ )n ^aroff, ,uth %nn Hin LatinI$ Jabberwocky$ London$ 29$ ! :reen, ,o(er Lancelyn H1@!CI The Lewis 4arroll (andbook, "Jabberwocky, and other parodies" 7 3awson of 6all >all, London 24$ ! 6rickett, -tephen H"CC4I 0ictorian Fantasy ?aylor Lniversity 6ress p112 )-?< 1' @2"!@"'2C'@ 2=$ ! Chesterton, :$ * H1@42I "Lewis Carroll" in Collins, -heed and Ward, London 2!$ ! Jacobs, Frank H1@= I #ad, )or better or "erse <$%$L (and)ul o) uthors, ed$ 3orothy

3%. ! -trunklemiss
2@$ Y a b "Lewis Carroll in cyberspace" Guardian 1" %u(ust "CC1 9C$ ! "Fh Freddled :runtbu((ly" by 6rostetnic Do(on Jelt.$ )n %dams, 3ou(las H1@ Aitchhiker&s :uide to the :ala5y 6ocket ?ooks p=4 )-?< C'=!1'!9=C='4 I

[edit]Sources
Carpenter, Aumphrey$ H1@ 4I$ *ecret Gardens2 The Golden ge o) 4hildren!s Literature $ Aou(hton >ifflin$ )-?< C'2@4'24"@2'"

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reading

%lakay':ut, *aren$ "Carroll&s Jabberwocky"$ 31%licator, Fall 1@ !$ Dolume 9=, issue 1$ 3olitsky, >arlene H1@ 9I $nder the tumtum tree2 )rom nonsense to sense, a study in nonautomatic com%rehension. J. /en+amins 5ub. 4o. msterdam, 5hiladel%hia .

:ardner, >artin H1@@@I$ The nnotated lice2 The &e)initi"e 3dition $ <ew Jork, <J7 W$W$ <orton and Company$

:reen, ,o(er Lancelyn H1@!CI The Lewis 4arroll (andbook, "Jabberwocky, and other parodies" 7 3awson of 6all >all, London

Aofstadter, 3ou(las ,$ H1@ CI$ "Translations of Jabberwocky"$ G6del, 3scher, /ach2 n 3ternal Golden /raid$ <ew Jork, <J7 Dinta(e ?ooks$ )-?< C2@9!94C"!$

Lucas, 6eter J$ H1@@!I "Jabberwocky back to Fld 1n(lish7 <onsense, %n(lo'-a5on and F5ford" in Language (istory and Linguistic #odelling )-?< @! '2'11'C194C9'4

,ichards, Fran$ "The 6oetic -tructure of Jabberwocky$" Jabberwocky2 The Journal o) the Lewis 4arroll *ociety$ 71 H1@! B!@I$ 1=Z1@$

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2i*isource has original text related to this article3 Jabberwocky 2i*i4edia 5o44ons has 4edia related to3 Jabberwocky

1ssay7 "Translations of Jabberwocky"$ 3ou(las ,$ Aofstadter, 1@ C from G6del, 3scher, /ach2 n 3ternal Golden /raid )-?< C'2@9'!94C"'!, Dinta(e ?ooks, <ew Jork, <J

??C Dideo 6oetry Foundation ?io(raphy of Lewis Caroll The Lewis 4arroll Journal published by The Lewis Carroll -ociety$

'ra6bile si granchioase

Nu, nu este vorba despre acea delicioasa nuvela SF, aia pe care o stiti unii dintre Dvs. E vorba despre the real thing. Va vine sa credeti ca am fost in stare sa tin minte prima strofa pe de rost? Eu, carele nu le am cu memoria si cu versurile? Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe. "Beware the Jabberwock, my son! The aws that bite, the claws that catch! Beware the Jub ub bird, and shun The !rumious Bandersnatch!" Si iata o mostra de traducere: "tramina #i $ietrele murcoase "e %nv&rtesc #i $ivotea'()n $last( ) *ra'bile toate, #i granchioase ) +ar cli$ele le trec $rin $oarta vast(. Acuma, pra thee, gentle reader, ca nu o !mai" gasesc. Stie cineva unde dam de acele doua mirabile traduceri in limba romana: una a raposatei #atinca $alea, alta a nu mai stiu cui? %e &nternet? #a asa, stiu unde le gasim: intr'un numar vechi al revistei Secolul ((, care sa moara pisica imbalsamata daca mai stiu pe unde este. )ai, contribuit*i si voi la fra*bilitatea e+istentei noastre proprii si contemporane. Anonim spunea... Am g,sit'o pe net tradus, integral !pe o pagin, semnat, Dr. -#.AV&AN /A&0": Era friga*,1 bursele clemoase Se 2urubau 2i titireau 3n murb,. .ri4ari erau to4i borogovii 5i beghi4au porvecii drub,. Fere2te'te de 6abber7oc8, De f,lci ce'n2fac,, gheare reci, De pas,rea 6u9ub, vorace, De'ar4,va9nic :andersnatch. #u sabia gro*avnic, 3n m;n, Du2manul 3ndelung el 3l c,t,, 5i cufundat 3n g;nduri negre Sub pomul .um'tum se'a2e*,. 5i cum st,tea pe g;nduri 3l v,*u ' #el 6abber7oc8, cu ochi de par,, Venea hurdugolindu'se n,valnic, 5uierm;ind, sco4;nd v,p,i pe nar,.

0n ' doi< 0n ' doi< =ro*avnicul t,i2 Se n,pusti 2i'l puse 3n 4,r;n,, &ar capul i'l *bur, ' har2'h;r2< 5i galomf;nd, plec, cu tigva'n m;n,. >.u l'ai ucis pe 6abber7oc8? -h, fiul meu m,ruminos< -h, *i fereav,< ?i sl,voas,<> #hiuhotea mereu voios. Era friga*,1 bursele clemoase Se 2urubau 2i titireau 3n murb,. .ri4ari erau to4i borogovii 5i beghi4au porvecii drub,. @A SE%.EB:$&E CDDA, @E:@F

Anonim spunea... iar adresa este: http:GG777.geocities.comGtavilisGine+istente.htm @A SE%.EB:$&E CDDA, @E:CC

Anonim spunea... S'ar putea ca a doua traducere s, fi fost a Fridei %apadache, din @FH@ @A SE%.EB:$&E CDDA, @E:IJ

:elle de 6our spunea... mda.... in sfarsit ai a9uns la ....)KlLne #i+ous...asta era discutia de cu mult timp in urma... spor... @A SE%.EB:$&E CDDA, C@:ID

BD% spunea... Alice 3n 4ara din oglind, a fost tradus, de Antoaneta $alian, dar t,lm,cirea versurilor 3i apar4ine &oanei &eronim 2i sun, a2a: =MN=NVEA/N Era fierbir;nd 2i burscii sprinlicio2ii =irau 2i ferdeleau 3n plau Arm,ru2ari erau borogorio2ii 5i has, ra4ii behluiau

O&a seama fiule, Smeli4a< F,lci care mu2c,, ghearele ce prind< &a seama tu la pas,rea 6ub'6ub /a cle2tele de carne furubind Atunci lu, palo2ul 3n m;n, El, c,ut;nd du2manul b,rb,tos Sub pomul *is .um'.um 3n iarb, 5edea pierdut 3n g;nduri, colo 9os. 5i pe c;nd sta 3ng;ndurat Smeli4a foc din ochii ei *v;clea ?bur;nd 3nv;lvorat, prin p,duri Ea bulbucea pe c;nd venea. 0n'doi, st;ng'drept 2i 3nainte mar2 Vorpalicul t,i2 i*bi un'doi 5i moart, o l,s, 3n drum, iar 4easta &'o duse'n goana calului'napoi. Smeli4a ai ucis'o tu? Vino'mi 3n bra4e, t;n,r volaros .u, *i frabulioas, 3ntre toate, oh< A2a strig,, peste m,sur, de voios. Era numin, 3n tot vocul 5i behluiau moioase lavuri Bult lourat era nelocul 5i murmii fuioroase'ntravuri.

Strofa: Str,min, 2i pietrele murcoase Se 3nv;rtesc 2i pivotea*,'n plast, P Fra*bile toate, 2i granchioase P &ar clipele te trec prin poarta vast,. a ap,rut 3n Almanahul Anticipa4ia @FAF 3n traducerea lui Bihai'Dan %avelescu. @F SE%.EB:$&E CDDA, DA:JE

.urambar spunea... Qa7< Are ou the real BD%, sau ti'ai pus nic8'ul sa scoti in evidenta ca strofa aceea e tradusa de BD%? &n orice ca*, doamnelor si domnilor, in ca* ca nu stiti cine este BD%'ul: Bihai Dan

%avelescu, cel mai priceput, muncitor, talentat si perseverent traducator si editor din SF' ul romanesc recent si contemporan. -mul care a reinviat #olectia de %ovestiri Stiintifico' Fantastice, omul care a coordonat Almananul Anticipatia, omul care traduce de rupe, atat cantitate, cat si calitate !cei care au citit Neuromancer in romaneste stiu". %erfectionist si bibilitor si muncitor si prietenos si modest si priceput pana in varful destelor. Si care stie Sci Fi pe paine. Doamnelor si domnilor: BD%. :o7, thou heathens< :" @F SE%.EB:$&E CDDA, DF:DF

.urambar spunea... .uturor celor care au postat traducerile in romana, mii de mult*umiri. Si totusi: memoria mea cet*oasa si failibila parca imi spune ca mai era una. 0ndeva, in coltul mint*ii, bilbiloiul de servici *ice: versiunea aia care it*i placea t*ie cel mai mult, stapane, nu e asta. E alta. 0nde e alta? :" @F SE%.EB:$&E CDDA, DF:@R

Vi+el spunea... Din pacate din traducerea nuvelei >Fra*bile si granchioase> care a aparut in almanahul Anticipatia din @FAF !unde am citit'o si eu pentru prima data" lipseste traducerea unui paragraf. A unui paragraf esential. .e+tul integral in engle*a aici: http:GGmims 7eretheborogoves.7ebs.comGinde+.htm %aragraful ramas netradus este cel in care aflam de ce poe*ia 6abber7oc8 !sau mai precis primaGultima strofa a ei" repre*inta cheia calatoriei in timp. A &0N&E CD@D, @F:IJ

.urambar spunea... :" .+s for the tip, Vi+el, and t+s for reviving such and old sub9ect. &tSs al7a s good to see that ears'old posts still spar8 interest in our readers. :"