Elemental Geosystems, 5e (Christopherson) Chapter 5 Atmospheric Water and Weather

1) Earth is properly characterized as A) the land planet. B) a small star. C) the water planet. D) lacking a hydrosphere. Answer: C 2) Water co ers some !!!!!!!! o" Earth#s s$r"ace. A) %& percent

B)

'& percent

C)

2% percent

D)

(1 percent Answer: D )) Which o" the "ollowing is correct* A) A person can s$r i e "or + to 12 days witho$t "ood. B)

,he h$man -ody is a-o$t %& percent water -y weight. C) .$mans can s$r i e only 2 or ) days witho$t water. D) Earth is co ered some %& percent -y water. Answer: C /) Water has a density o" A) &.% g0cm. B) 1 g0cm. C) 2.% g0cm. D) 1% g0cm. Answer: B %) When water "reezes1 its density A) increases. B) decreases. C) remains the same as in the li2$id state. Answer: B 3) Earth#s water s$pply originated "rom

A) asteroids.

B)

o$tgassing "rom within the Earth. C) gases e4pelled "rom the 5$n1 i.e.1 solar wind. D) photosynthesis. Answer: B () ,he present 2$antity o" water on Earth was achie ed appro4imately !!!!!!!!. A) one million years ago B) %&& million years ago C) two -illion years ago D) 1&1&&& years ago 6end o" ice age) Answer: C

+) E$stasy re"ers to A) worldwide changes in land masses. B) a steady7state e2$ili-ri$m in the water system. C) changes in water distri-$tion related to the increase or decrease in 2$antities o" ice. D) worldwide changes in sea le el. Answer: D ') D$ring the height o" the last ice age1 appro4imately 1+1&&& years ago1 sea le el A) rose -y a "ew h$ndred "eet. B) dropped -y a "ew h$ndred "eet. C) remained constant. Answer: B 1&) Which o" the "ollowing is tr$e o" the distri-$tion o" land and water on Earth* A) ,he 5o$thern .emisphere is dominated -y water. B) ,he 8orthern .emisphere is dominated -y water. C) ,hey are e enly distri-$ted in -oth hemispheres. D)

9ost o" the water on Earth is "resh water. Answer: A 11) ,he largest portion o" "resh water today is located in A) clo$ds. B) gro$ndwater reso$rces. C) ice caps and glaciers. D) the ma:or ri ers and lakes o" the world. Answer: C 12) Earth#s oceans possess A) most o" the "resh water on Earth. B) a-o$t the same amo$nt o" water as is in the atmosphere. C) "i"ty percent o" Earth#s waters. D) ninety7se en percent o" Earth#s waters. Answer: D 1)) Which is tr$e regarding water in ri ers1 streams1 and the atmosphere* A) ,hey contain &.&)) percent o" the world#s "resh water s$pply.

B) ,he total amo$nt o" water in these locations is e2$al to 1/12%& km) 6)/&& mi)). C) ;n a erage1 a water molec$le tra els thro$gh the hydrologic cycle in less than two weeks. D) All o" these are correct. Answer: D 1/) ;ther than ice sheets and glaciers1 the largest repository o" "resh water is located in A) lakes and saline seas. B) gro$ndwater. C) soil moist$re storage. D) ri ers and streams. Answer: B

1%) Water molec$les -ind tightly to one another. ,his is a res$lt o" A) hydrogen -onding. B) co alent -onding. C) atomic "riction. D) molec$lar hold. Answer: A 13) <" water -eha ed like other compo$nds1 A) ice-ergs wo$ld sink to the -ottom o" the oceans. B) the whole ice-erg wo$ld "loat :$st -elow the s$r"ace. C) it wo$ld shrink as it cooled and "roze. D) all o" the a-o e E) A and C only Answer: E 1() Water is a good sol ent -eca$se A) it e4pands when it "reezes. B)

it has an asymmetrical charge distri-$tion 6one end is positi e and the other negati e). C) it $ndergoes phase changes o er a relati ely narrow range o" temperat$res. D) it is transparent. Answer: B 1+) 5$r"ace tension and capillarity are the res$lt o" A) hydrogen -onding -etween water molec$les. B) co alent -onding. C) atomic "riction. D) molec$lar hold. Answer: A 1') Water mo ement thro$gh the soil and water held in a straw a-o e the s$r"ace o" the li2$id yo$ are drinking res$lt "rom a common phenomenon. What is this phenomenon* A) -arometric press$re B) s$r"ace tension C) capillarity

D)

ac$$m s$ction Answer:

C 2&) ,he term deposition re"ers to A) water "reezing to ice. B) ice melting to water. C) apor condensing into li2$id. D) water apor "reezing to ice. Answer: D 21) What is the heat energy in ol ed in the change o" state1 or phase1 in water* A) mechanical heat B) sensi-le heat C) "$sion heat D) latent heat Answer: D

22) Which o" the "ollowing is tr$e regarding the e aporation o" water* A) ,he phase change in ol es the latent heat o" s$-limation. B) ,he phase change in ol es the latent heat o" e aporation. C) ,he phase change in ol es the latent heat o" deposition. D) ,he phase change in ol es the sensi-le heat o" aporization Answer: B 2)) Both the latent heat o" melting 6heat o" "$sion) and the latent heat o" "reezing in ol e the a-sorption or release o" !!!!!!!! calories per gram o" water changing state. A) +&

B)

1&&

C)

%/&

D)

%+%

Answer:

A 2/) Which o" the "ollowing phase changes in ol es the greatest n$m-er o" calories* A) melting

B)

e aporation C)

s$-limation D) condensation Answer: C 2%) When water condenses1 it !!!!!!!! heat energy and !!!!!!!! the s$rro$nding air. A) a-sor-s= cools B) a-sor-s= heats C) releases= cools D) releases= heats Answer: D 23) When "rost "orms1 it A) warms the air -y releasing 3+& calories o" heat energy to the air per gram o" water. B) warms the air -y releasing +& calories o" heat energy to the air per gram o" water. C) cools the air -y releasing 3+& calories o" heat energy to the air per gram o" water. D) cools the air -y releasing +& calories o" heat energy to the air per gram o" water. Answer: A 2()

When water e aporates1 it !!!!!!!!!! heat energy and !!!!!!!!!! the s$rro$nding air. A) a-sor-s= cools B) a-sor-s heats C) releases= cools D) releases= heats Answer: A 2+) <n order to melt two grams o" ice1 how many calories o" heat energy m$st -e added to the ice d$ring its phase change* 6speci"ic heat o" water > 1 cal0gm= heat o" "$sion > +% cal0gm) 6heat o" aporization > %+% cal0gm= heat o" s$-limation > 3(& cal0gm) A) 2 B) 1(& C) 1(2 D) 11(& E) 1)/& Answer: B 2') ,he process o" s$-limation in the atmosphere prod$ces A) "og. B)

"reezing rain. C) snow"lakes. D) sleet. Answer: C )&) <n winter1 "reezing water can -reak pipes and e en crack engine -locks. Why does this happen* A) Water e4pands in ol$me as it "reezes in response to hydrogen -onding. B) <ce is denser than water. C) Water contracts as it cools and "reezes. D) <t occ$rs -eca$se o" the latent heat o" "$sion. Answer: A )1) 9ost o" the precipitation and e aporation on Earth takes place o er the A) land masses. B) oceans. C) poles o" the planet. D) ice caps and glaciers com-ined. Answer: B

)2) Water apor in the atmosphere is called A) water.

B)

deposition.

C)

s$-limation. D) h$midity. Answer: D ))) ?elati e h$midity is A) the amo$nt o" water apor in the air compared to the normal amo$nt. B) the amo$nt o" moist$re in the air relati e to yo$r own sensi-le "eelings. C) the amo$nt o" water apor in the air at a gi en temperat$re e4pressed as a percentage o" the moist$re capacity o" the air. D) a -asically $n$sed concept when it comes to weather topics. Answer: C )/) ,he capacity o" the air to hold water apor is -asically a "$nction o" A) the temperat$re o" -oth the water apor and the air. B) the water apor content.

C) "reezing temperat$re. D) latent heat. Answer: A )%) A mass o" air always -ecomes sat$rated when it reaches the A) highest temperat$re o" the day. B) lowest temperat$re o" the day. C) speci"ic h$midity point. D) dew7point temperat$re. Answer: D

)3) A h$midity meas$re that remains constant as temperat$re and press$re change1 and which is e4pressed as a mass o" water apor per mass 6g0kg) o" air1 is A) speci"ic h$midity. B) apor press$re. C) relati e h$midity. D) the dew7point. Answer: A )() As temperat$re increases d$ring the day1 relati e h$midity $s$ally A) increases.

B)

decreases.

C)

remains the same. Answer: B )+) Which o" the "ollowing is $sed to meas$re relati e h$midity* A) wet and dry -arometers B) a damp piece o" paper C) instr$ments $sing h$man hair1 or wet and dry -$l- thermometers Answer:

C )') ,he greater the di""erence in temperat$re -etween the wet -$l- and dry -$l- on a sling psychrometer1 the !!!!!!!! the air is and the !!!!!!!! the relati e h$midity. A) drier= higher B) drier= lower C) wetter= higher D) wetter= lower Answer: B /&) ,he ele ation at which the -ottoms o" clo$ds -egin to "orm represents the ele ation at which A) dew point occ$rs. B) relati e h$midity reaches 1&& percent. C) a-sol$te h$midity reaches 1&& percent. D) -oth A and B E) -oth A and C Answer: D /1) Which o" the "ollowing normally wo$ld -e tr$e o" the h$midity a-o e the tropical rain "orests o" the world* A)

,he speci"ic h$midity wo$ld -e high. B) ,he relati e h$midity wo$ld -e high. C) ,he sat$ration apor press$re wo$ld -e high. D) All o" these are tr$e. E) 8one o" these are tr$e. Answer: D /2) ,he general term that re"ers to the tendency o" a parcel o" air to either remain in place or change its initial position is !!!!!!!!. A) adia-atic

B)

sta-ility

C)

conditional insta-ility D) stasis

Answer:

B /)) An air parcel is considered $nsta-le when it A) either remains as it is1 or changes its initial position. B) contin$es to rise $ntil it reaches an altit$de at which the s$rro$nding air has a similar density. C)

resists displacement $pward. D) ceases to ascend. Answer: B //) A dry air parcel that is rising -eca$se o" heat energy deri ed "rom the s$r"ace is A) sta-le. B) $nsta-le. C) conditionally $nsta-le. Answer: B /%) All adia-atic temperat$re changes occ$r as a res$lt o" A) the addition or remo al o" heat energy "rom the air. B) changes in the a-sol$te h$midity o" the air. C) e4pansion or compression o" the air. Answer: C /3) When the en ironmental lapse rate is -etween the dry and moist adia-atic lapse rates conditions are descri-ed as A) adia-atic.

B)

sta-le. C) conditionally $nsta-le. D) $nsta-le. Answer: C /() Ass$me a warm air parcel near Earth#s s$r"ace has a temperat$re o" 21 degrees C 6(& degrees @) and -egins to rise $pward. Ass$me it -ecomes sat$rated at 1&&& m 6))&& "t) altit$de1 and contin$es to rise to 2&&& m 633&& "t) altit$de. What wo$ld the appro4imate temperat$re o" the parcel -e at an ele ation o" 2&&& m 633&& "t)* A) ( degrees C 6//.3 degrees @) B) + degrees C 6/3./ degrees @) C) ' degrees C 6/+.2 degrees @) D) % degrees C 6/1.& degrees @) Answer: D /+) Air that is not sat$rated will cool or heat at a rate o" !!!!!!!! as it rises or descends1 respecti ely. A) 1&C degrees per 1&&& m 6%.%@ degrees per 1&&& "t) B) 3C degrees per 1&&& m 6).)@ degrees per 1&&& "t) C) 3./C degrees per 1&&& m 6).%@ degrees per 1&&& "t) Answer: A

/') ,he wet adia-atic rate is !!!!!!!! than the dry adia-atic rate -eca$se !!!!!!!!. A) greater= condensation heats the air B) greater= condensation cools the air C) less= condensation heats the air D) less= condensation cools the air Answer: C

%&) Areas -etween 2% degrees to )% degrees latit$de $s$ally -ecome !!!!!!!! -eca$se this area is dominated -y air that is sinking and -eing !!!!!!!!. A) deserts= cooled -y e4pansion B) deserts= heated -y compression C) rain "orests= cooled -y e4pansion D) rain "orests= heated -y compression Answer: B %1) As air sinks down the leeward side o" a mo$ntain1 it will mo e into a region o" !!!!!!!! air press$re and will there"ore -e !!!!!!!! -y compression. A) higher= heated B) higher= cooled C) lower= heated D) lower= cooled Answer: A %2) An indi id$al raindrop consists o" appro4imately !!!!!!!! moist$re droplets. A) 2 B) 1&&

C) 1 million

D)

1 trillion

Answer:

C %)) ,he condensation process re2$ires A) dew7point temperat$res alone. B) condensation n$clei and sat$rated air. C) moist$re droplets. D) condensation n$clei alone. Answer: B %/) Clo$ds that ha e ertical de elopment and prod$ce precipitation are called A) stratoc$m$l$s. B) c$m$lonim-$s. C) nim-ostrat$s. D) c$m$l$s.

Answer:

%%) Which type o" clo$d wo$ld dominate the weather in a region o" tropical rain "orests* A) cirr$s B) altostrat$s C) c$m$lonim-$s D) cirroc$m$l$s Answer: C %3) Which o" the "ollowing are correctly matched* A) "lat or layered clo$ds c$m$l$s B) p$""y or glo-$lar clo$ds cirro"orm C) p$""y or glo-$lar clo$ds c$m$li"orm D) wispy clo$ds water droplets Answer: C

%() Which o" the "ollowing is a middle7le el clo$d type* A) cirrostrat$s B) stratoc$m$l$s C) c$m$lonim-$s D) altostrat$s Answer: D %+) Which o" the "ollowing is tr$e regarding cirrostrat$s clo$ds* A) ,hey look like patches o" cotton -alls1 or cotton -alls arranged in lines. B) ,he s$n#s o$tline is :$st isi-le thro$gh these clo$ds. C) ,hey "orm a eil o" ice crystals that creates a halo aro$nd the 9oon. D) ,hey are sharply o$tlined1 and -illowy. Answer: C %') Which clo$d type is speci"ically a good indicator o" an arri ing storm1 say within the ne4t 2/ ho$rs* A) "og B) c$m$l$s C)

stratoc$m$l$s D) cirr$s Answer: D 3&) @lorida has the highest th$nderstorm "re2$ency in the A.5. -eca$se A) the @lorida penins$la heats to high temperat$res d$ring the day. B) m, air masses s$rro$nd the penins$la. C) "re2$ent1 strong cold "ronts occ$r in the @lorida area. D) all o" the a-o e E) A and B only Answer: E 31) Which type o" clo$d wo$ld yo$ most likely see on a reg$lar -asis in a s$-tropical desert d$ring the s$mmer* A) nim-ostrat$s B) cirr$s

C)

c$m$lonim-$s D) altostrat$s Answer:

B 32) Which o" the "ollowing is incorrectly matched* A) "og a strat$s clo$d that is high in ele ation o"" the gro$nd B) cB coldest weather conditions in the 9idwest C) precipitation rain1 sleet1 snow1 hail D) clo$d droplets condensation n$clei and water Answer: A 3)) Cooling o" a s$r"ace o ernight that chills the air layer directly a-o e that s$r"ace may "orm A) an ad ection "og. B) an $pslope "og. C) an e aporation "og. D) a radiation "og. Answer: D

3/) @og o"ten lingers in ri er alleys -eca$se A) the water in the ri er cools o"" "aster at night than the land does. B) cold air sinks into low areas s$ch as ri er alleys. C) some e aporation may occ$r "rom the ri er1 there-y s$pplying moist$re to the cooler atmosphere. D) -oth A and B E) -oth B and C Answer: E 3%) A "og that de elops when warm1 moist air -lows o er a cold c$rrent 6s$ch as the Cali"ornia C$rrent) is an e4ample o" !!!!!!!! "og. A) radiation

B)

con ection

C)

ad ection

D)

e aporation Answer: C 33) ;n cool spring mornings1 eils o" "og can o"ten -e seen rising a-o e warm lakes and ponds. ,his type "og is an e4ample o" !!!!!!!! "og. A) radiation

B) con ection

C)

ad ection

D)

e aporation Answer: D 3() A radiation "og is most likely to de elop when A) the nighttime air is ery warm. B) the sky is "$ll o" strat$s clo$ds. C) the sky is clear. D) -oth A and B E) -oth B and C Answer: C 3+) Weather is A)

the climate o" a region. B) the short7term condition o" the atmosphere. C) the long7term atmospheric condition1 incl$ding e4tremes that may occ$r. D)

a re"erence to temperat$re patterns only. Answer: B 3') ,he scienti"ic st$dy o" the atmosphere is A) weather.

B)

climate.

C)

meteorology. D) geography. Answer: C (&) Which is not tr$e o" weather7related damage* A) ,he cost has increased %&&C d$ring the last 2& years. B) ,he cost has reached D1& -illion ann$ally. C) ,he damage has ne er e4ceeded D'& -illion worldwide. D) Damage "rom :$st .$rricane Eatrina will e4ceed D1)& Billion. Answer: C (1) ; er the last two decades1 costs "or weather7related destr$ction has1 on an ann$al -asis1 A)

decreased. B) increased two7"old. C) increased "i e7"old. D) stayed a-o$t the same. Answer: C (2) ,he transition "rom the <ce Age to the present warm conditions can -est -e considered an e4ample o" A) a change in weather. B) a change in climate. C) changes in the midlatit$de wa e7cyclone cycle. D) transition "rom a cold "ront to a warm "ront. Answer: B ()) Which o" the "ollowing is "alse regarding air masses* A) An air mass initially re"lects the characteristics o" its so$rce region. B) ,hey are homogeno$s in terms o" temperat$re and h$midity. C) ,hey may dominate hal" the depth o" the troposphere. D) Air masses tend to maintain their original characteristics as they migrate "rom their so$rce regions.

Answer: D (/) Air masses that de elop o er Canada are e4amples o" !!!!!!!! air masses. A) m,

B)

mB

C)

c,

D)

cB

Answer:

D (%) A well7de eloped1 newly "ormed cB air mass wo$ld ha e which o" the "ollowing characteristics* A) cold temperat$res B) clear skies

C)

high press$re D) all o" the a-o e E) none o" the a-o e Answer: D (3) Which o" the "ollowing press$re systems reside within the so$rce region "or mB air masses* A)

Berm$da high and Baci"ic high B) Ale$tian low and <celandic low C) Berm$da high and <celandic low D) Ale$tian low and Baci"ic high Answer: B (() A m, air mass is likely to -e !!!!!!!! than a c, air mass -eca$se the m, air mass !!!!!!!!. A) wetter= is warmer than the c, air mass B) wetter= "orms o er the ocean C) drier= is a cold air mass D) drier= "orms $nder the e2$atorial low E) hotter= "orms o er the ocean Answer: B (+) With respect to the three main li"ting 6cooling) mechanisms 6local heating1 orographic1 and "rontal)1 which o" the "ollowing is correct* A) ,he greatest a erage ann$al rain"all on Earth is d$e to local heating and "rontal acti ity. B) A single con ectional storm triggered -y local heating a""ects large geographical regions. C)

We do not get all three mechanisms within the Anited 5tates. D) Fi en the necessary physical re2$irements1 orographic precipitation is $s$ally the most consistent type o" the three. Answer: D (') Gake e""ect snow in ol es A) hea y snow"all on the leeward shores o" Freat Gakes. B) hea y snow"all on the windward shores o" the Freat Gakes. C) cB and cA air masses -eing h$midi"ied and warmed -y the Freat Gakes. D) A and C only E) all o" the a-o e Answer: D +&) Which o" the "ollowing wo$ld res$lt in the modi"ication o" the air mass* A) A m, air mass mo ing across ,e4as. B) A cB air mass mo ing across the Freat Gakes. C) A c, air mass mo ing across the F$l" o" 9e4ico. D) An cA air mass mo ing across the F$l" o" Alaska. E)

all o" the a-o e Answer: E +1) ,he <ntertropical Con ergence Hone is characterized -y A) cold1 dry rising air. B) cold1 dry sinking air. C) warm1 dry rising air. D) warm1 wet rising air. Answer: D +2) 5$mmer a"ternoon th$ndershowers in the so$theastern Anited 5tates are more than likely a res$lt o" A) con ectional li"ting. B) orographic li"ting. C) "rontal li"ting. D) s$-tropical high press$re dist$r-ance. Answer: A +)) ;rographic re"ers to A) con ection stim$lated principally -y local heating.

B) li"ting along the edges o" con"licting air masses. C) air mass modi"ication and the "ormation o" secondary air masses. D) "orced $pli"t d$e to the presence o" a physical -arrier. Answer: D

+/) Which o" the "ollowing does not occ$r d$ring the de elopment o" a Chinook wind* 6Ass$me rain occ$rs near the mo$ntain s$mmit.) A) e4pansion o" the air as it rises $p the windward side o" the mo$ntain B) decrease in speci"ic h$midity o" the air near the s$mmit C) decrease in relati e h$midity d$ring the air#s ascent $p the windward side D) decrease in relati e h$midity on the leeward side E) compressional heating o" the air on the leeward side Answer: C +%) ,he place on Earth with the highest ann$al a erage rain"all is located in A) the Anited 5tates. B) the Amazon Basin. C) 5o$theast Asia. D) e2$atorial A"rica. Answer: A +3) ,he record precipitation recei ed in a single year was A) in the Anited 5tates. B)

in the Amazon in Brazil. C) on the slopes o" the Assam .ills in <ndia. D) in 5o$theast Asia. Answer: C +() ,he highest rain"all in the world occ$rs in an area where rain"all is generated -y A) ad ectional cooling o" air masses o er cold ocean c$rrents. B) orographic $pli"t o" warm1 moist air. C) con ectional $pli"t o" warm1 moist air. D) radiati e cooling o" cold1 moist air. Answer: B ++) ,he wetter1 intercepting slope o" a mo$ntain is termed the !!!!!!!! slope1 whereas the drier1 downwind slope is termed the !!!!!!!! slope. A) le"t side= right side B) west side= east side C) windward= leeward D) leeward= windward Answer:

C +') Which o" the "ollowing statements is tr$e* A) When air is cooled1 its a-ility to hold moist$re decreases. B) ,here is greater precipitation near the e2$ator than near the poles. C) Winters in 5i-eria sho$ld -e ery dry1 with little precipitation. D) Brecipitation sho$ld occ$r when moist air rises o er a mo$ntain. E) All o" these are tr$e. Answer: E

'&) When a cold "ront approaches1 air press$re will initially !!!!!!!! d$e to the displacement and $pli"t o" !!!!!!!! air. A) increase= cold B) increase= warm C) decrease= cold D) decrease= warm Answer: D '1) A"ter a cold "ront passes1 the temperat$re !!!!!!!! and the press$re !!!!!!!! 6relati e to the conditions that e4isted prior to the passage o" the "ront). A) increases= increases B) increases= decreases C) decreases= increases D) decreases= decreases Answer: C '2) Which o" the "ollowing is incorrectly matched* A) a-r$ptly li"ted warmer air cold "ront B) drizzly precipitation warm "ront

C) cold "ront clear cold air and high clo$ds as the "ront approaches D) hard rain and possi-le lightning cold "ront E) s2$all line t$r-$lent1 changing wind patterns slightly ahead o" a cold "ront Answer: C ')) Which o" the "ollowing is tr$e o" migrating centers o" low press$re in the 8orthern .emisphere* A) ,he winds di erge "rom the press$re system and spiral o$tward in a clockwise "ashion. B) ,hese press$re systems tend to mo e east to west along storm tracks. C) ,hese press$re systems are characterized -y con erging1 ascending air that spirals inward in a co$nterclockwise "ashion. D) ,hey "orm only a minor weather pattern in the middle and higher latit$des. Answer: C '/) ,he area along a cold "ront is descri-ed -y which o" the "ollowing* A) wind shi"ting and strong1 warm air a-r$ptly li"ted -y colder air B) warm air -eing li"ted gently and steadily o er cooler air C) an area o" clear skies and north winds D) the center o" the cyclone1 lowest press$re1 co$nterclockwise winds

Answer: A '%) ,he area along a warm "ront is -est descri-ed -y which o" the "ollowing* A) wind shi"ting and strong1 warm air a-r$ptly li"ted -y colder air B) warm air -eing li"ted gently and steadily o er cooler air C) an area o" clear skies and north winds D) m, air mass1 warm1 wet1 and h$mid "rom the F$l" states Answer: B '3) 5torm tracks across the Anited 5tates and Canada generally A) shi"t to the so$th in winter1 and toward the north in s$mmer. B) mo e east to west. C) mo e so$th to north. D) e4ist in spring and "all only. Answer: A '() ;ccl$sion in a midlatit$de wa e cyclone can occ$r -eca$se A) warm "ronts tra el more 2$ickly than cold "ronts. B)

cold "ronts tra el more 2$ickly than warm "ronts. C) warm and cold "ronts tra el at the same speed. D) warm air sinks in low press$re areas. Answer: B '+) <n which o" the "ollowing areas will th$nderstorms not de elop* A) in areas o" orographic $pli"t B) in areas o" s$r"ace con ergence C) along "rontal -o$ndaries D) $nder areas o" strong high press$re Answer: D '') 5$mmer th$nderstorms in the so$thern A.5. are $s$ally prod$ced -y towering !!!!!!!! clo$ds that "orm -y !!!!!!!!. A) nim-ostrat$s= con ection B) nim-ostrat$s= "rontal $pli"t C) c$m$lonim-$s= "rontal $pli"t D) c$m$lonim-$s= con ergence E)

c$m$lonim-$s= con ection Answer: E 1&&) .ail "orms

A)

when water "alls "rom a clo$d and "reezes d$ring its "all to the gro$nd. B) e ery time water condenses onto d$st particles. C) when water "reezes inside a clo$d while tra eling in a con ection c$rrent. D) when water apor s$-limates inside a cirr$s clo$d. Answer: C 1&1) Which o" the "ollowing is tr$e* A) Gightning precedes th$nder. B) ,h$nder is ca$sed -y rapid heating o" the air. C) ,h$nder is ca$sed -y rapid e4pansion o" the air. D) All o" the a-o e are tr$e. E) A and B only Answer: D 1&2)

.ail generally "orms A) within nim-ostrat$s clo$ds. B) in association with warm "ront acti ity. C) within c$m$lonim-$s clo$ds1 and sometimes in association with cold "ront acti ity. D) in altoc$m$l$s and cirroc$m$l$s clo$ds. Answer: C

1&)) Which is not tr$e o" Derechos* A) ,hey are ca$sed -y the same conditions that ca$se th$nderstorms and tornadoes. B) ,hey occ$r mainly "rom 9ay to A$g$st. C) ,hey ha e -een meas$red at %( m0s 612+ mph). D) ,he winds tra el in a c$r ed path. E) ,hey occ$r mainly in the 9idwest and 5o$theast. Answer: D 1&/) Derechos are A) named a"ter the latin word "or IhookedI or Ic$r edI. B) straight7line winds associated with th$nderstorms. C) associated with gra ity drainage. D) most common in the paci"ic northwest o" the A5. Answer: B 1&%) ,he ast ma:ority o" tornadoes in the northern hemisphere e4hi-it !!!!!!!! rotation -eca$se they are !!!!!!!! press$re systemslike all storms. A)

co$nterclockwise= low B) co$nterclockwise= high C) clockwise= low D) clockwise= high Answer: A 1&3) Which o" the "ollowing is tho$ght to -e necessary "or the de elopment o" a tornado* A) a horizontally rotating -ody o" air generated -y di""erences in wind speed -etween low7le el and $pper7 le el air "low B) a strong $pdra"t C) a mesocyclone D) all o" the a-o e E) B and C only Answer: D 1&() Which o" the "ollowing clo$d types is associated with tornado de elopment* A) c$m$l$s

B)

nim-ostrat$s C)

altoc$m$l$s D) c$m$lonim-$s Answer: D 1&+) ,ornadoes are ranked in terms o" wind speed and related property damage $sing the !!!!!!!! scale. A) Bea$"ort B) @$:ita C) 9ercalli D) ?ichter E) 5a""ir75impson Answer: B

1&') .$rricanes deri e their energy "rom A) the latent heat o" aporization. B) the latent heat o" "$sion. C) the heat o" condensation. D) the latent heat o" s$-limation. Answer: C 11&) Apli"t and storm de elopment occ$r on the !!!!!!!! side o" an easterly wa e. A) northern B) so$thern C) eastern D) western Answer: D 111) Which o" the "ollowing is tr$e o" h$rricanes in the western Atlantic* A) ,he peak months o" occ$rrence are "rom A$g$st to ;cto-er. B)

,hey are generally called cyclones or typhoons in this part o" the world. C) ,hey are associated with the cool1 so$thward7"lowing E$roshio c$rrent. D) ,hey occ$r in association with local monsoonal winds. Answer: A 112) Which part o" a h$rricane consists o" dry1 s$-siding air* A) eye

B)

spiral -ands C) eye wall 6collar clo$ds) D) 8one o" the a-o ethere are no dry conditions in a h$rricane. Answer: A 11)) Why are the winds in a h$rricane and tornado so strong* A) ,he press$re gradient is strong. B) ,he press$re at the center o" the storm is ery low. C) ,remendo$s amo$nts o" condensation occ$r in the center o" the storm. D) all o" the a-o e E)

A and B only Answer: D 11/) .$rricanes die when they mo e o er land -eca$se A) the Coriolis "orce is not s$""icient to s$stain them o er land. B) the land temperat$re is not warm eno$gh to s$stain the low press$re system. C) e aporation and s$-se2$ent condensation are no longer s$""icient to s$stain them. D) all o" these

E)

none o" these Answer: C 11%) When h$rricanes "irst "orm in the 8orthern .emisphere1 they $s$ally tra el "rom !!!!!!!!1 and later "rom !!!!!!!! as they mo e to higher latit$des. A) east to west= west to east B) west to east= east to west C) north to so$th= west to east D) any path is e2$ally likely Answer: A

113) Which o" the "ollowing is incorrect* A) ,he most se ere weather in a h$rricane occ$rs in the spiral -ands. B) By de"inition1 h$rricanes ha e s$stained winds that e4ceed 3% knots 611' kmph or (/ mph). C) 9at$re h$rricanes de elop a central eye o" calm conditions 6in which it is o"ten possi-le to see the sky) that is s$rro$nded -y a swirling eyewall. D) ;nly a-o$t 1& percent o" tropical dist$r-ances intensi"y into a "$ll7"ledged h$rricane or typhoon. Answer: A 11() ,he ann$al "re2$ency o" tropical cyclones is greatest in the !!!!!!!! ;cean. A) Baci"ic

B)

Atlantic

C)

<ndian

D)

5o$th Atlantic Answer: A 11+) Which h$rricane holds the western hemisphere records "or lowest -arometric press$re* A) .$rricane Camille. B)

.$rricane Wilma. C) .$rricane Agnes. D) .$rricane Fil-ert. Answer: B 11') Which o" the "ollowing is "alse* A) D+ -illion worth o" storm damage res$lted "rom the 1''% h$rricane season. B) Ann$al hail damage costs more than D(%& million in the Anited 5tates. C) ,he 9ay )1 1''' tornado in ;klahoma ca$sed a -illion dollars worth o" damage. D) @rom 1'%& to 2&&2 tornadoes ca$sed more than D2% -illion worth o" damage. E) ,he "re2$ency o" tornadoes decreased d$ring the 1''&s. Answer: E 12&) Which is not tr$e o" the 2&&% Atlantic .$rricane season* A) A new record "or lowest -arometric press$re in a western hemisphere h$rricane was set. B) A new record "or most named storms was set. C) ,he greatest 1 year damage total was recorded. D)

,here were three category % h$rricanes in the F$l" o" 9e4ico at the same time. Answer: D 121) All o" the "ollowing ha e happened in the 1''&s1 e4cept A) the second7highest n$m-er o" h$rricanes in a single year. B) a s$-stantial decline in the n$m-er and destr$cti eness o" tornadoes. C) the deadliest Atlantic h$rricane o" the cent$ry. D) a ma:or ice storm in 8ew England. Answer: B 122) ,he lowest sea7le el press$re was recorded A) :$st o"" the coast o" Bangladesh. B) at Death Jalley in Cali"ornia. C) at the -ottom o" a tornado. D) in the center o" ,yphoon ,ip. Answer: D

12)) 5trong and "re2$ent Atlantic h$rricanes A) ha e not -een a characteristic o" the 1''&s. B) are common d$ring Ga 8iKa episodes. C) are common d$ring El 8iKo episodes. D) cannot -e predicted with any signi"icant acc$racy. Answer: B 12/) ,he o erall 2$antity o" water on Earth is constantly "l$ct$ating as e idenced -y changes in sea le el. Answer: ,r$e

@alse 12%) Gess than ) percent o" Earth#s waters are classi"ied as "resh water. Answer:

,r$e @alse 123) 5aline lakes are $s$ally in tropical areas. Answer: ,r$e

@alse 12() .ydrogen -onding -etween water molec$les prod$ces the properties o" s$r"ace tension and capillarity. Answer:

,r$e @alse 12+) ,he "act that water e4pands as it cools and "reezes is an important physical weathering process. Answer:

,r$e @alse 12') ,he -$lk o" the e aporation on Earth occ$rs o er the continents. Answer: ,r$e

@alse 1)&) 5$-limation prod$ces snow"lakes. Answer:

,r$e @alse 1)1) ,he phase changes o" water pro ide a signi"icant amo$nt o" the energy that powers the general circ$lation o" the atmosphere. Answer:

,r$e @alse 1)2) ,he phase change "rom steam to water in ol es less energy than the phase change "rom ice to water. Answer: ,r$e

@alse 1))) Air is sat$rated when the dew7point temperat$re and the air temperat$re coincide. Answer:

,r$e @alse 1)/) ,he relati ely dry air o er the 5ahara act$ally contains more water apor than o er relati ely moist midlatit$des. Answer:

,r$e @alse 1)%) ,he relati e h$midity o" large air masses is $se"$l in "orecasting weather. Answer: ,r$e

@alse 1)3) ,he moist adia-atic rate 69A?) is less than the dry adia-atic rate 6DA?) as a res$lt o" the release o" the latent heat o" condensation within the rising parcel o" air.

Answer:

,r$e @alse 1)() Ansta-le conditions are prod$ced when a parcel o" air sinks and heats at the wet adia-atic rate. Answer: ,r$e

@alse 1)+) When high7le el air in the s$-tropics sinks1 it is heated -y compression and this raises its temperat$re and relati e h$midity. Answer: ,r$e

@alse 1)') A small1 p$""y c$m$l$s clo$d can weigh as m$ch as 1&&& tons. Answer:

,r$e @alse 1/&) ,he destr$cti e energy associated with ma:or storms is deri ed largely "rom the condensation o" water. Answer:

,r$e @alse 1/1)

,he collision7coalescence process o" raindrop "ormation predominates in clo$ds at high latit$des. Answer: ,r$e

@alse 1/2) 5ta-ility re"ers to the tendency o" a parcel o" air to either remain as it is or change its initial position -y li"ting or "alling. Answer:

,r$e @alse 1/)) An air mass is a mass o" air that may e4tend thro$gh the lower hal" o" the troposphere and is homogeno$s in terms o" temperat$re and h$midity. Answer:

,r$e @alse 1//) Continental polar air masses o" cold1 dry air are more de eloped d$ring the s$mmer o er 8orth America than in winter. Answer: ,r$e

@alse 1/%) ,he interception o" passing air masses -y a mo$ntain -arrier is termed orographic $pli"t1 and it prod$ces moist windward slopes and drier leeward slopes. Answer:

,r$e @alse 1/3) Chinook winds "orm on the windward side o" mo$ntains. Answer: ,r$e

@alse 1/() ;rographic precipitation is limited in areal e4tent1 yet it prod$ces the world#s highest precipitation amo$nts and a erages. Answer:

,r$e @alse 1/+) A line on a weather map that is marked with small triang$lar spikes designates a warm "ront. Answer: ,r$e

@alse 1/') ,he direction o" tra el o" midlatit$de wa e cyclones is controlled largely -y the polar :et stream. Answer:

,r$e @alse 1%&) <n the 5o$thern .emisphere1 a migrating center o" low press$re1 with con erging1 ascending air that spirals clockwise1 is a cyclone. Answer:

,r$e @alse 1%1) Weather prediction may always remain di""ic$lt -eca$se slight changes o" the inp$t data into comp$ter models can res$lt in -ig di""erences in the predicted o$tcome o" a weather sit$ation. Answer:

,r$e @alse 1%2) ,h$nderstorms and hail are associated with c$m$lonim-$s clo$d de elopment. Answer:

,r$e @alse 1%)) ,ornadoes1 typhoons and h$rricanes are identical in physical str$ct$re and properties1 altho$gh they occ$r in di""erent parts o" the world. Answer: ,r$e

@alse 1%/) .$rricanes and tornadoes are "$eled -y the latent heat o" condensation. Answer:

,r$e @alse 1%%)

.$rricanes are more likely to de elop when sea s$r"ace temperat$res are slightly -elow normal. Answer: ,r$e

@alse 1%3) @og can -e $sed as a so$rce o" water. Answer:

,r$e @alse 1%() ,he year 2&&2 saw relati ely little weather7related damage. Answer: ,r$e

@alse 1%+) ,he "ormation o" sleet re2$ires a s$-7"reezing layer o" air near the gro$nd. Answer:

,r$e @alse 1%') 9ost lightning strikes occ$r o er water. Answer: ,r$e

@alse 13&)

,he "re2$ency o" tornadoes in the Anited 5tates has -een decreasing o er the last ten or so years. Answer: ,r$e

@alse 131) ,he lowest sea7le el press$re on Earth was meas$red inside a h$rricane. Answer:

,r$e @alse 132) A strong El 8iKo $s$ally means a large n$m-er o" strong Atlantic h$rricanes. Answer: ,r$e

@alse