Math 76 Spring 2012

Name:

Exam 2 - Version 2 - Solutions

SHOW ALL WORK!!! NO WORK NO CREDIT 1. Sketch a graph of the region enclosed by the given curves and set up an integral that represents the area of that region. Do not evaluate the integral. y = x2 , y = 2x2 + 12x Solution : The graph of y = x2 is a parabola opening upward with vertex (0, 0). The graph of y = 2x2 + 12x = 2x(x 6) is a parabola opening downward with xintercepts 0 and 6 and vertex (3, 18). Solving x2 = 2x2 + 12x for x gives x = 0 or x = 4 and so the two parabolas intersect at the points (0, 0) and (4, 16).

The area, expressed as an integral is:

4

A=
0

(2x2 + 12x x2 ) dx =
0

(12x 3x2 ) dx.

Math 76

Exam 2 - Version 2 - Solutions

2. Consider the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by the given curves about the line x = 3. Sketch the region and a typical disk or washer. Set up the integral representing the volume of this solid using the disk method. Do not evaluate the integral. y = x2 , x = y 2 Solution : The graph of y = x2 is a parabola opening upward with vertex (0, 0). The graph of x = y 2 is a parabola opening to the right with vertex (0, 0). The parabolas intersect at (0, 0) and (1, 1). For a given value of y , the cross-sectional area of the solid is a washer with outer radius R = 3 y 2 and the inner radius r = 3 y . So, the area of the washer (in terms of y ) is A(y ) = 3 y 2
y

(3

y )2 = 6y 2 + y 4 + 6 y y .

1 R y r

x 1 x=3

The volume is: V =

0

6y 2 + y 4 + 6 y y

dy.

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Math 76

Exam 2 - Version 2 - Solutions

3. Consider the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by the given curves about the line x = 3. Sketch the region and a typical shell. Set up the integral representing the volume of this solid using the shell method. Do not evaluate the integral. y = x2 , x = y 2 Solution : The graph of y = x2 is a parabola opening upward with vertex (0, 0). The graph of x = y 2 is a parabola opening to the right with vertex (0, 0). The parabolas intersect at (0, 0) and 2 (1, 1). For a given value of x, the line segment from y = x to y = x is revolved about the line x = 3 giving a cylindrical shell of radius R = 3 x and height x x2 . So, the surface area of the cylinder (in terms of x) is S (x) = 2 (3 x)
y

x x2 = 2 3 x 3x2 x x + x3 .

x x=3

The volume is: V =

0

2 3 x 3x2 x x + x3

dx.

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Math 76

Exam 2 - Version 2 - Solutions

4. Set up an integral representing the volume of a paper weight that has as base the region bounded by the parabola y = x2 and the line y = 4, and cross-sections perpendicular to the y -axis are equilateral triangles (with one side in the base). Do not evaluate the integral. Solution :

For a given y , the side of the equilateral triangle in the base has length 2 y and so the area of the cross-section for this y is 1 A(y ) = 2 y 3y = y 3. 2 So, the volume of the paper weight is
4

V =
0

3 y dy.

5. Set up an integral representing the length of the given curve, but do not evaluate the integral. y 2 = (x 1)3 , 2 x 5, y 0. Solution : The length of the curve is given by
5

L=
2

1 + (y )2 dx.

Since y = (x 1)3/2 , 3 9 9x 5 1 , L= y = (x 1)1/2 , 1 + (y )2 = 1 + (x 1) = 2 4 4 2

5 2

9x 5 dx.

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Exam 2 - Version 2 - Solutions

6. Consider the isosceles triangular trough full of water, as shown in the gure. Complete the steps below to set up (but do not evaluate) an integral that gives the work required to pump all of the water out of the tank through the spout.
3m

2m

4m 6m

(a) Draw an axis and sketch a typical ith slice (on the given gure). Solution :
y 3m

2m

4m

y*
i

6m

i -1

(b) Write an expression for the volume Vi of this slice. Solution : The length of the slice is 6 m, the height of the slice is y . The width of the slice, wi can be found by similar triangles: wi y = i 3 4 So, 9 y m3 . Vi = wi 6 y = yi 2 (c) Write an expression for the mass Mi of this slice. Solution : 9 Mi = Vi = yi y kg where is the density of water. 2 (d) Write an expression for the force Fi (due to gravity) on this mass. Solution : 9 Fi = g Mi = gyi y N where g is the acceleration due to gravity. 2 or 3 wi = yi . 4

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Exam 2 - Version 2 - Solutions

(e) Write an expression for the work Wi required to remove this mass from the tank. to the top of the spout is 6 yi . Solution : Work is force times distance. The distance from yi 9 Wi = Fi (6 yi ) = gyi (6 yi )y J 2 (f) Write a Riemann Sum that approximates the total work W required to remove all of the water from the tank. Solution : n 9 )y J (6 yi gyi W 2 i=1 (g) Write an expression (as a limit of a Riemann Sum equal to an integral) that gives the exact work required to remove all of the water from the tank. Solution : n 4 9 9 W = nlim gy (6 y ) y = gy (6 y ) dy J i i 0 2 i=1 2

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Exam 2 - Version 2 - Solutions

7. A semicircular plate of diameter 6 ft is submerged vertically in a liquid with density pounds per cubic foot so that the top is 7 feet below the surface as shown in the gure. Explain how to approximate the hydrostatic force against one side of the plate by a Riemann Sum and then express the exact force as an integral (but do not evaluate the integral). Show all the steps.

7 ft

Solution :

7 ft

y 0

i -1

x y*
i

With the axes as shown in the gure, the equation of the semicircle is y = 9 x2 . We divide the y -axis from 0 to 3 into n equal subintervals (each of length y = 3/n). We look at a typical subinterval, [yi1 , yi ] and take a point yi in this interval. We consider a rectangle parallel to the 2 x-axis whose length is 2 9 (yi ) and whose width is y . The area of this rectangle is
2 Ai = 2 9 (yi ) y ft2 . The pressure at y = yi is

Pi = (yi + 7) lbs/ft2 .

If y is small, the pressure on the rectangle is almost constant, and so we can approximate the hydrostatic force on the rectangle by
2 Fi = Pi Ai = (yi + 7) 2 9 (yi ) y lbs.

Consequently, we can approximate the hydrostatic force on the plate by the Riemann Sum
n

F
i=1

2 2(yi + 7) 9 (yi ) y lbs

and so the exact force is

n

F = lim

2 2(yi + 7) 9 (yi ) y = i=1

2(y + 7) 9 y 2 dy lbs.
0

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Math 76

Exam 2 - Version 2 - Solutions

8. Solve the dierential equation y = x2 y with initial condition y (0) = 6. Solution : Separate the variables to obtain dy = x2 dx. y Integrating, dy = y ln |y | = |y | = ex
3 /3+C

x2 dx x3 +C 3 = ex
3 /3

eC

y = eC ex

3 /3

The initial condition y (0) = 6 gives is that eC = 6 and so the solution to the initial value problem is 3 y = 6ex /3 .

9. Set up the integrals (but do not evaluate) to nd the centroid ( x, y ) of the region bounded by the 2 line y = x and the parabola y = x. Solution : A=
0 1

( x x) dx x( x x) dx xx = 1 2A
1 0

x = y = 1 A
1 0

1 A

1 0

1 x+x 2

(x x2 ) dx

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Exam 2 - Version 2 - Solutions

10. A vat with 600 gallons of beer contains 5% alcohol (by volume). Beer with 8% alcohol is pumped into the vat at a rate of 6 gallons per minute and the mixture is pumped out at the same rate. Let y (t) denote the amount of alcohol (in gallons) in the tank at time t. Find an expression for y (t) by rst setting up a dierential equation that is satised by y and then solving that dierential equation. Solution : We know dy = (rate in) (rate out). dt rate in = .08 6 gal/min = .48 gal/min y (t) y (t) 6 gal/min = gal/min 600 100

rate out = So,

dy y 48 y = .48 = . dt 100 100 Solving, dy dt = 48 y 100 dy = 48 y ln |48 y | = t +C 100 or or dt 100 ln |48 y | = t +D 100

|48 y | = et/100 + D

|48 y | = et/100 eD

Since y < 48 (i.e., the vat will never reach 8% alcohol), 48 y > 0 and so |48 y | = 48 y . So we have 48 y = F et/100 or y (t) = 48 F et/100 .

Since y (0) = 600 .05 = 30, we see that F = 18 and so y (t) = 48 18et/100 .

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