Impact of Technological Advancement On Architectural Infrastructure

PROJECT REPORT ON A STUDY ON
IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT ON ARCHITECTURE INFRASTRUCTURE

Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement of
For The Degree of Bachelor of Architecture (2014-2015)
Under the guidance of Prof. Debashis Sanyal. Department of Architecture
Submitted by: Manvendra Singh 10122031
Department of Architecture National Institute of Technology, Raipur (C.G.)
This is a report on study about the impact of development of technology on the building infrastructure which mainly focuses on the services provided to the people when they are in any type of building structure It focus on the study of history of development of services in last century with development of Technology along with existing technologies and predicting impact of introduction of new technologies on future lifestyle on the basis of resources present today .
I would like to thanks our H.O.D Mr. Abir Bandhopadhaya Sir for his kind cooperation and assistance. I would also like to thank my guide Prof. Debashis Sanyal Sir without whose help and support ,this report could not be completed.
I will also thank other teaching staff for guiding me and helping me understanding this topic.
Manvendra Singh ,(10122031) 7th Sem Architecture.(NITRR)
IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMNT ON ARCHITECTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE
CONTENTS
Table of Figures .................................................................................................. 3 1. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................. 4 1.4 1.5 1.6 Theme .......................................................................................................... 4 Justification of theme.................................................................................... 4 Goal of study ................................................................................................ 6 Scope........................................................................................................ 7 Limitations ................................................................................................. 8 Methodology ............................................................................................. 9
INTELLIGENT BUILDING .............................................................................. 10 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 What is an Intelligent Building? .................................................................. 10 Challenges for Integrating Smart Building Technologies ............................ 10 Stages of development of automation in building.................................... 13 The Progression to Intelligence............................................................... 14 what makes a building smart................................................................... 15 FEATURES THAT AFFECT SMART AND INTELLIGENT ..................... 15
+BUILDINGS..................................................................................................... 15 3. INTELLIGENT BUILDING FRAMEWORK ....................................................... 18 3.1 3.2 3.3 Introduction ............................................................................................. 18 Intelligent Building ................................................................................... 18 Energy Efficiency .................................................................................... 19
4 SMART BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES .............................................................. 22 4.1 Building automation system .................................................................... 22
4.1.2 What is Controlled? ............................................................................... 23 4.1.3 Types of Building Automation and Control Systems ............................. 24
A thesis report by Manvendra Singh
4.1.4 What Does a BAS Look Like? ............................................................... 25 4.1.5 Who Installs or Services a BAS?........................................................... 26 4.2 5 Application of BAS .................................................................................. 27
DESKTOP CASE STUDY .............................................................................. 32
5.1.1 Concept ...................................................................................................... 32 5.1.2 Features .................................................................................................. 33 6 REFRENCES ................................................................................................. 37
TABLE OF FIGURES
Methodology of study Basic Construction cost of Building Smart Building Hierarchy The Progression to Intelligence Features of building Automation Example: Building without cooling Residential and Commercial energy usage data Building Automation System Tree Building Automation behind the scenes Building management System Control and operation
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12
13
14
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20
21
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27
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1. INTRODUCTION
THEME
A study on impacts of Technological development on Architectural Infrastructure
JUSTIFICATION OF THEME
In the course of time technology has become a part of our life . It have brought significant changes in lifestyle as well as architectural design and infrastructure. It exists everywhere in all the things we do all the things we make Technology is everywhere in our surrounding , sometimes its visible but most of the time it plays its role in unseen way . we are surrounded by thousands of things from simplest to most complex , smallest to largest , in terms of design mechanism, production, material etc. We think of a Xerox machine as a good option to copy our documents , but do we see the changes it brought to the whole system of living , what all things it replaced and what new requirements it brought along with it . Buildings are not an exception to these impacts of technological development. Since time immemorial, buildings have been evolving from caves to huts, houses, tall buildings has taken place through various trends of architecture. A noticeable impact on the architectural design was seen due to industrialization. The invention of lifts in the mid-19th century made possible for architecture to go higher. Thus, buildings evolved from low rise to high rise and so on. Today, architecture is going through many new trends such as green buildings, intelligent buildings, energy efficient architecture, etc. These trends and changes in
the design of buildings are due to development in various fields. Ever since technology has intervened in architecture, it plays a great role, bringing about changes in the architectural design. We adopt technology as :
It gives solution to many problems and need of the hour. It gives better results. It makes things easier to make, to use, to perform etc. It gives many new possibilities.
Building technologies are developing and advancing at great speed at present. Earlier people are reluctant to adopt technologies in the construction industry so the advancement were poor but today integration of technology have become necessary and important for various reasons. present buildings are not just static concrete walls with doors and windows to provide a shelter ,it have become a entity for variety of functions with integrated technologies to support various type of functions and business objectives . Static design and conventional approach to buildings no longer satisfy the need of todays built environment
GOAL OF STUDY
Study of History of building systems and technologies HVAC controlling systems Electrical supply and control systems Hot and cold water supply system Security and fire systems Study Present standard building systems and technologies Automation and control Entertainment audio and video Intelligent lightning and power save Climate control HVAC systems Safety and security Communication Study of newly introduced technologies for efficient future Advanced version of present day technologies Freshly introduced technologies
1.4 SCOPE

Present need of built environment history of Intelligent Building Smart advance technologies ,its role and function Advancements in smart technologies and its speed of advancement Impact of smart technologies in smart designs integration of design process Intelligent and converged design approach
This study can be helpful in making life better in following ways Reduce energy use and increases security. More efficient and effective distribution of ventilation. Improved comfort is shown to improve productivity. Reduce energy use with little or no impact on comfort. Improved energy efficiency and sustainability Improved comfort, safety, and productivity
1.5 LIMITATIONS
New inventions cannot be predicted which can bring sudden change in lifestyle Dependency on limited secondary sources for data about development in past century The lack of financial resources and confidence to undertake new and untested technologies and theories; The lack of professional capacity to incorporate and manage intelligent technologies The lack of knowledge of developers and owners on the environmental impact of inefficient buildings The lack of information on opportunities presented by intelligent technologies; The lack of Institutional structures to encourage and support uptake of such technologies.
1.6 METHODOLOGY
TOPIC
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
LITRATURE STUDY
CASE STUDY
Desk internet search Journals books Conference papers Research work
Dumb building Intelligent building Interview
ANALYSIS OF IMPACTS
INFRENCE
Fig 1 Methodology of study
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INTELLIGENT BUILDING
WHAT IS AN INTELLIGENT BUILDING?
A. An intelligent building can be defined as one which provides a productive and cost effective environment through optimization of its four basic elements. These basic elements consist of the structure, systems, services and management, as well as the inter-relationships between them. Intelligent Buildings help building owners, property managers and occupants realize their goals in the areas of cost, comfort, convenience and safety, combined with long term flexibility and marketability. B. An intelligent building is in essence one that integrates disparate building systems such as lighting, HVAC, safety, security, power management, shared network, voice and data communication, etc. to effectively manage resources in a coordinated mode and provide significant high performance benefits. C. An ideal intelligent building should provide a dynamic and responsive infrastructure using technology so as to optimize processes, comfort, flexibility, effectiveness, energy efficiency, costs and environmental benefits
CHALLENGES FOR INTEGRATING SMART BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES

There are various factors that might hinder the adopting of integrated smart building technologies for office buildings. The
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survey results have uncovered the most pertaining challenges for Saudi office buildings. The most important challenge found in this survey as shown in Figure 9 is the lack of awareness; that is simply not being up-todate with the advances of smart building technologies and recent high-tech developments in intelligent buildings and integrated automation. This issue might have affected the infancy level of intelligent and smart buildings in the Saudi construction industry as is portrayed by the second highest challenge of other internal factors. Further challenges of a lesser impact include high initial cost or lack of funding, lack of executive support from high administration or building owners, and immaturity of today's technology solutions.
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FIG.2 BASIC CONSTRUCTION COST OF BUILDING

SHOWING HOW IMPORTANT BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMSARE IN BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURE
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2.3 STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATION IN BUILDING Intelligent building systems are can be divided in five following stages :1. Integrated single function dedicated systems (1980 -85) 2. Integrated multifunction systems (1985 -90) 3. Building level integrated system (1990-95) 4. Computer integrated building ( 1995- 2002) 5. Enterprise network integrated system (2002- till date)
Fig.3 Smart Building Hierarchy
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2.4 THE PROGRESSION TO INTELLIGENCE
What
Basic Heating Cooling Lighting Water Plug loads
How
Optimized Commissio ning Metering Monitoring & verifying Energy focus
When
Why
Automated Intelligent Setbacks Predictive Calendar systems Occupancy Strategic Triggers goals Demand Facility Response Planning Budgetary looping Occupant feedback Distributed Demand Response
Fig. 4 The Progression to Intelligence
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2.5 WHAT MAKES A BUILDING SMART
2.6 FEATURES THAT AFFECT SMART AND INTELLIGENT +BUILDINGS

Space layout- The building form, its internal space layout, floor to floor height, grid floor sub divisions, density , occupancy etc. Amenities- External excess , space circulation around the service areas such as toilet green areas etc. Structure- Safety and protection against earthquake future expansion and loading depends on structural systems Material and finishes these influences the comfort factor as well as the cost factor of the building to its performance. Faade and Cladding Smart glazing , flexible cladding, multipurpose and extendable faade shading and natural light devices , use of faade as source of solar energy or to harvest
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energy from nature, etc Mechanical systems- issues related to vertical approaches such as lifts , escalators , shafts , etc . Plumbing systems ,water storage and its movement , cleaning system , waste disposal etc. Electrical systems it includes power supply, UPS , Wiring , Lights, emergency light , circuit breakers , earth system lighting ,etc. Environmental systems this covers part of mechanaical including Heating ventilation and air conditioning, passive and active solar systems, etc Fire safety system fire alarm system , fire fighting system, fire protection and resisting system , fire escaping , etc. Security system- the category covers systems such as access control , CCTv etc. Sensors andcontrol sustems environmental and lighting sensors control, communication controls , building management systems.
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Fig.5 Features of building Automation
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3. INTELLIGENT BUILDING FRAMEWORK

3.1 INTRODUCTION
In India this year, soaring electricity bills due to escalating of oil prices have sent companies scrambling to conduct energy audits. Energy audits are an essential first step towards cutting energy costs in firms. Conducted by energy service companies, known in the industry as Escos, they test the efficiency of a companys heating, cooling, ventilation and other systems that consumed electricity and hence it can reduce their utility bills. A good energy management of a building will determine the effectiveness of energy consumed, thus will directly affect the monthly operational budget.
3.2 INTELLIGENT BUILDING
In india, an intelligent building must fulfill 3 conditions. They are: The building should have advanced automatic control system to monitor various facilities, including air-conditioning, temperature, lighting, security, fire etc. to provide a comfortable working environment for the tenants. The building should have good networking infrastructure to enable data flow between floors The building should provide adequate telecommunication facilities.
An intelligent building must be smart enough to vary the environment to suit the users and also to provide various means of communication or network
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regardless of whether it is internal or external. Building intelligence starts with monitoring and controlling information services known as Building Automation System (BAS). BAS is able to optimize environmental and safety aspects in an economical way. This can be achieved by using computers, together with function distribution control techniques, to optimize the usage of various pieces of equipment within the building such as the electrical facilities, the air-conditioning systems, fire-prevention equipments and security devices. Intelligent building, with the use of automated control system such as BAS, enables both building owners and tenants enjoy the benefits of financial gain and enhanced accommodation/management quality.
3.3 ENERGY EFFICIENCY

The energy performance of a building has become an important factor in the design of the building. Building and Construction Authority (BCA) has introduced an Energy Efficient Building Awards 2004 to emphasis the importance of integrating various energy management systems into the building in order to have an energy efficient building.
What constitutes energy efficiency?

The ratio of energy input to the calculated or estimated amounts of energy required to cover the various requirements relating to the standardized use of a building serves as the measure of energy efficiency. According to EU Directive "Energy Performance of Building Directive" (EPBD), the following thermal and electrical forms of energy are considered when determining the energy efficiency of a building:
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Heating DHW (domestic hot water) Cooling Ventilation Lighting Auxiliary energy
Fig. 6 Example: Building without cooling

Note- Equipment of building users, such as PCs, printers, machines (excluding building elevators), etc., are not part of the electrical energy needs of a building for our purposes. The heat gains do, however, influence a buildings thermal energy needs.
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Building energy efficiency Thermal and electrical energy (in the example: heat and electricity) should bekept to a minimum to achieve a high degree of energy efficiency. The energy efficiency value for an individual building is determined by comparing it to reference values. It could, for example, be documented in an energy pass for the building. Executing regulations are assigned to the individual countries as per EN standard to determine the size of the reference values or how to calculate them.
Fig. 7. Residential and Commercial energy usage data
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4 SMART BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES

Smart building technologies are those technologies which makes a building smart so that the building can provide a responsive, effective and supportive environment to the recipients.
4.1 BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Building Automation Systems (BAS) are centralized, interlinked, networks of hardware and software, which monitor and control the environment in commercial, industrial, and institutional facilities. While managing various building systems, the automation system ensures the operational performance of the facility as well as the comfort and safety of building occupants. Typically, such control systems are installed in new buildings or as part of a renovation where they replace an out-dated control system. Related Terms You may hear any of the following terms to describe the control or automation of buildings:
Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS), Building Control System (BCS), and/or Building Management System (BMS)same as Building Automation System or the subject of this page. ControlsThis term is appropriate in describing discrete devices that control particular pieces of equipment or processes. Direct Digital Control (DDC)describes the communication method used in modern devices (hardware and software).
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Collectively, DDC products control various building systems and form the automation system.
Energy Management System (EMS)generally understood to be the same as a Building Automation System but may have special emphasis on energy metering/monitoring Energy Management and Control Systemwell, youre getting the idea. Smart (Intelligent) Buildinga building equipped with a datarich BAS.
4.1.2 WHAT IS CONTROLLED? Generally, building automation begins with control of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) systems. For instance, the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system is almost always controlled, including control of its various pieces of equipment such as:

Chillers Boilers Air Handling Units (AHUs) Roof-top Units (RTUs) Fan Coil Units (FCUs) Heat Pump Units (HPUs) Variable Air Volume boxes (VAVs)
Lighting control is, likewise, low-hanging fruit for optimizing building performance.
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Other systems that are often controlled and/or brought under a complete automation system include:

Power monitoring Security Close circuit video (CCTV) Card and keypad access Fire alarm system Elevators/escalators Plumbing and water monitoring
4.1.3 TYPES OF BUILDING AUTOMATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS Early control systems were pneumatic or air-based and were generally restricted to controlling various aspects of the HVAC system. Common pneumatic devices include controllers, sensors, actuators, valves, positioners, and regulators. Due to their large base of installation throughout the 1960s and 1970s, pneumatic control systems are still in place in a majority of existing buildings, especially in established metropolitan areas. Analog electronic control devices became popular throughout the 1980s. They provided faster response and higher precision than pneumatics. However, it was not until digital control or DDC devices came on the scene in the 1990s that a true automation system was possible. However, as there were no established standards for this digital
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communication,
various
manufacturers,
created
their
own
(proprietary) communication methods. The automation system was fully functional but was not
interoperable or capable of mixing products from various manufacturers. Thus, a given building or portfolio could be locked into a specific manufacturer. This is not necessarily a problem unless the relationship with the associated service provider is challenging. By the late 1990s and especially into the 2000s, movements were afoot to standardize on open communication systems. The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) developed the BACnet communication protocol that eventually became the industry open standard. 4.1.4 WHAT DOES A BAS LOOK LIKE? Most of the automation system is behind the scenes as hardware devices mounted to equipment or hidden underfloor or in the ceiling. Some personalized control can be made available through thermostat-like devices. From a central management perspective, the BAS resides as software on an operator workstation (computer) or is available as a web page. Various types of controllers manage equipment and portions of the network. Sensors provide input data to the controllers.
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Fig.8 Building Automation SystemTree 4.1.5 WHO INSTALLS OR SERVICES A BAS? A properly trained in-house staff can manage the operation and, sometimes, the maintenance of the BAS. However, system design and initial installation is almost always accomplished by controls professionals such as dedicated controls contractors or system integrators. In practice, the controls contractor is a sub-contractor to the mechanical contractor. Sometimes, the mechanical contractor will have a dedicated controls division. Electrical contractors with controls teams are also common and multi-functional system integrators are becoming more common for todays complex facilities. These controls professionals can provide on-going service or train your in-house staff to self-perform service.
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The automation system can also offer you an incredible amount of data related to building performance, and with this data in hand, you can make more intelligent decisions. And, if you are building green, be aware that an automation system can contribute greatly to your ability to earn such recognition as the EPA ENERGY STAR or the LEED certification associated with the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC).
Fig 9. Building Automation behind the scenes
4.2 APPLICATION OF BAS
4.2.1
CCTV- As the world becomes more complex, so too do threats to business assets. Although the industry trend is the migration to IP-enabled cameras, many customers have a significant investment in legacy coax connected analog
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cameras. To protect their investment, video baluns and video servers are interim steps customers can implement prior to a system-wide change to IP video cameras.
fig.10 Building management System Control and operation
4.2.2
IP Video Surveillance- New digital IP cameras connected to the corporate IP network enable electronic monitoring anywhere in the world, making IP video surveillance A simple and effective tool. When combined with video analytics, businesses can be proactive in their surveillance, monitoring and preventing tailgating (when more than one employee enters the building with only one employee card swipe). And as wide surveillance coverage is needed, cameras can simply be plugged in at any available RJ45
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outlet, making IP video surveillance very scalable. 4.2.3 Alarms & Sensors- Alarms and sensors are analogs to the human bodys five senses, detecting what is happening in an environment and reporting that information to a controller that can take action. Connecting sensors and alarms like thermostats and emergency exit doors to an IP-enabled controller allows both everyday and emergency situations to become enhanced with multi-system response. 4.2.4 Access- Todays access is worlds beyond the traditional, lock-and-key, but many workplaces demand even tighter access control. IP-linked access enables control systems like card readers and biometrics, but it also provides enhanced benefits like lighting and HVAC activation to conserve energy, and central building messaging upon entry, in case of emergency evacuation. 4.2.5 HVAC- Keeping building temperature in a comfortable range is difficult, and enterprises have learned that giving HVAC control to employees or tenants does not work due to overcompensation. New IP-enabled HVAC systems tie into servers with sophisticated software, allowing monetary penalties if tenants exceed agreed-upon levels as well as providing for future weather forecasting that enables adjustments in advance.
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4.2.6
Communications- Voice, video and data systems are always evolving, as business communications adopt a standardsbased, globally-accepted structured connectivity solution. Today, solutions are available for voice, data and video in both wired and wireless enterprise networks
4.2.7
Energy -Enterprises have an on going struggle to control growing energy usage. But IP-enabled HVAC systems allow usage to be determined by tenant access, with tight degreechange ranges set by advance agreement with tenants to eliminate energy waste
4.2.8
Fire Energy Enterprises have an ongoing struggle to control growing energy usage. But IP-enabled HVAC systems allow usage to be determined by tenant access, with tight degreechange ranges set by advance agreement with tenants to eliminate energy waste
4.2.9
Elevators - Elevators in high-rise buildings are becoming highly connected, with telephones, cellular phone coverage, flat panel TVs, and surveillance cameras. The interconnection of these various systems enhances the tenant experience, improves safety and communication, while also offering the possibility of video advertising or announcements
4.2.10
Lighting - The struggle to control energy usage is a neverending battle for businesses. Installing smart IPinterconnected systems can control energy usage by turning
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lights off in an office when an employee steps out. Automated systems can also control building lights after hours without the need to call a property management company
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5 DESKTOP CASE STUDY

5.1 James Law Cybertecture International
5.1.1 CONCEPT Concept was inspired by considering the world as an ecosystem allowing life to evolve. Introduction Cybertecture integrates technology, multimedia, intelligent systems and user interactivity to create customizable living and working spaces that focus on experience. The Cybertecture Egg takes this principle working theme a step further with cybertecture health -interactive features that monitor occupants vital health statistics, like blood pressure and weight. In keeping with the focus on health and wellness, users can customize their views with real time virtual cenery.
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5.1.2 FEATURES o A sky garden on the top of building which performs thermolysis (the dissipation of heat from the surface).. o The Cybertecture Egg will use solar photovoltaic panels and roof top wind turbines to generate onsite electricity. o A water filtration system will also be incorporated into the building to recycle grey water for flushing and irrigation purpose..
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o The oblong office building incorporates passive solar design to decrease heat gain and lower energy loads.
o By using this Egg shape, compared to a conventional building, the structure has approximately 10-20% less surface area. Within the building, an innovative structure derived from the skin of the egg creates up to 30m spans of columnless floors. o The egg itself is orientated and skewed at an angle to create both a strong visual language and to alleviate the solar gain of the building o Within the building, there will be a series of innovative systems such as cybertecture health in the washroom which is designed to keep track of the inhabitants health including blood pressure and weight
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o The data collected may be retrieved and sent to a doctor if deemed necessary.
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Virtual Reception Productivity gain for both user and service provider Process-centric o System Integration with added functionality leveraging of core technology such as skyva o Differentiator in Security (people circulation) offering o HMI product and Front-End to building (calling card and talking point) o SW Application
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6 REFRENCES
The impact of information technology on design methods, products and Practices .Yehuda E. Kalay, Department of Architecture, 382A Wurtser Hall #1800, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1800 SYSTIMAX Solutions ,Intelligent Building Infrastructure Solutions Brochure Building automation impact on energy efficiency,Application per EN 15232:2012 eu.bac product certification Wikipedia.com- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_automation Design Principles for Intelligent Environments ,Michael H. Coen MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab, 545 Technology Square Cambridge, MA 02139 mhcoen@ai.mit.edu Carlson, Reinhold, A Understanding Building Automation Systems. Kingston, MA: R.S.Means Co., c1991 A Brief History of Automatic Control, Stuart Bennett June1996 Smart building automation , Infocom12 ISO 47, June 14 2012 ,Paperdash Technology corporation .

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PROJECT REPORT ON A STUDY ON

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT ON ARCHITECTURE INFRASTRUCTURE

For The Degree of Bachelor of Architecture (2014-2015)

Under the guidance of Prof. Debashis Sanyal. Department of Architecture

Submitted by: Manvendra Singh 10122031

Department of Architecture National Institute of Technology, Raipur (C.G.)

Manvendra Singh ,(10122031) 7th Sem Architecture.(NITRR)

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMNT ON ARCHITECTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

4 SMART BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES .............................................................. 22 4.1 Building automation system .................................................................... 22

A thesis report by Manvendra Singh

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMNT ON ARCHITECTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

DESKTOP CASE STUDY .............................................................................. 32

A thesis report by Manvendra Singh

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMNT ON ARCHITECTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

A thesis report by Manvendra Singh

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMNT ON ARCHITECTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

A thesis report by Manvendra Singh

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMNT ON ARCHITECTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

A thesis report by Manvendra Singh

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMNT ON ARCHITECTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

A thesis report by Manvendra Singh

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMNT ON ARCHITECTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

A thesis report by Manvendra Singh

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMNT ON ARCHITECTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

A thesis report by Manvendra Singh

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMNT ON ARCHITECTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

Desk internet search Journals books Conference papers Research work

Dumb building Intelligent building Interview

A thesis report by Manvendra Singh

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMNT ON ARCHITECTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

CHALLENGES FOR INTEGRATING SMART BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES

A thesis report by Manvendra Singh

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMNT ON ARCHITECTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

A thesis report by Manvendra Singh

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMNT ON ARCHITECTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

FIG.2 BASIC CONSTRUCTION COST OF BUILDING

A thesis report by Manvendra Singh

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMNT ON ARCHITECTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Fig.3 Smart Building Hierarchy

A thesis report by Manvendra Singh

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMNT ON ARCHITECTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

2.4 THE PROGRESSION TO INTELLIGENCE

Fig. 4 The Progression to Intelligence

A thesis report by Manvendra Singh

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMNT ON ARCHITECTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

2.5 WHAT MAKES A BUILDING SMART

2.6 FEATURES THAT AFFECT SMART AND INTELLIGENT +BUILDINGS

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMNT ON ARCHITECTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

A thesis report by Manvendra Singh

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMNT ON ARCHITECTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Fig.5 Features of building Automation

A thesis report by Manvendra Singh

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMNT ON ARCHITECTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

3. INTELLIGENT BUILDING FRAMEWORK

3.2 INTELLIGENT BUILDING

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMNT ON ARCHITECTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

3.3 ENERGY EFFICIENCY

What constitutes energy efficiency?

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMNT ON ARCHITECTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Fig. 6 Example: Building without cooling

A thesis report by Manvendra Singh

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMNT ON ARCHITECTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE