Session 2P3 Microstrip, Printed Antennas and Phase Array

Aperture Coupled Multilayer Microstrip Power Divider Sulaiman Lanre Taiwo, Sharif Iqbal Mitu Sheikh, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A Telemetry Antenna System for Unmanned Air Vehicles Mustafa Do gan, Fatih Ustuner, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Defected Ground Structure for Coupling Reduction between Probe Fed Microstrip Antenna Elements Carlos Vazquez Antuna, George Hotopan, Samuel Ver Hoeye, Miguel Fernandez Garcia, Luis Fernando Herran Ontanon, Fernando Las-Heras Andres, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A Modied Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna with Improved Bandwidth and Radiation Pattern Jian Bai, Shouyuan Shi, Dennis W. Prather, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Optimization of Aperture Coupled Microstrip Patch Antennas Mustafa Do gan, G. K. Sendur, Fatih Ustuner, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A Compact and Low Cost Elementary Radiating Cell for Satellite Broadcasting Automotive Receiving Arrays Roberto Torres-S anchez, Juan R. Mosig, S. Vaccaro, Daniel Llorens Del Rio, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analysis and Simulation of Dierent Bent Dipole Circularly Polarized Antenna Array Situated Close to Ground Plane Saeed M. Khan, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tapered-line Power Divider Boon Kuan Chung, Chun Tong Chiang, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A Novel Feeding Scheme for Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) Array for Millimeter-wave Band Applications Wael M. Abdel Wahab, Saeddin Safavi-Naeini, Dan Busuioc, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Use of Attachment Functions in the Moment Method for Analysis of Planar Microstrip Structures Oueslati Nejla, Taouk Aguili, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Microstrip Antenna for Wideband Applications with Sandwitch Substrate Malay Ranjan Tripathy, Pawan Kumar, H. P. Sinha, Rachid Talhi, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eect of Distance between Feeding Point and Ground Point of PIFA Antenna on Its Resonant Frequency and S Parameter Jasem Jamali, Ramezan Ali Sadeghzadeh Sheikhan Gofsheh, Mohammad Naser-Moghadasi, . . . . . . . . . GA Optimization for Compact Broadband PIFA Application Wen Pan, Quanyuan Feng, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Abstracts, Cambridge, USA, July 58, 2010

Aperture Coupled Multilayer Microstrip Power Divider

Sulaiman Lanre Taiwo and S. I. Mitu Sheikh Electrical Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia

Abstract Power dividers are essential components in active array antennas used in microwave
communication [1]. Wilkinson, branch-line and Gysel are among the popular power dividers often implemented using microstrip circuits to achieve minimal insertion loss, high isolation between output ports and exceptional phase and amplitude balance [2]. But the disadvantages of the planar power dividers include unwanted oscillation due to mutual coupling with other circuit components, size and fabrication related limitations. Also to use them in recent multilayer devices, such as laminated multi-chip modules, vertical transitions are needed which considerably increase the insertion loss and limit the operational bandwidth [3]. This paper details the design of an aperture coupled microstrip power divider, shown in Figure 1(a), with low insertion loss (< 0.5 dB), high isolation between the output ports (< 20 dB), large impedance bandwidth (20%). Professional EM-simulator is used to optimize the S -parameter response of the power divider before fabrication and testing. The simulated and measured reection and transmission response of the device are plotted in Figure 1(b). The simplicity and compactness of this design can make it attractive for antenna arrays or microwave integrated circuits.

(a)

(b)

Figure 1: (a) Schematic diagram. (b) Simulated & measured S -parameters of the power divider. La = 4.5 mm, Lb = 9.2 mm, Lp = 16.2 mm, Wp = 4.5 mm, Ws = 1.2 mm, Ls = 17.7 mm, T = 3.04 mm, g = 4.9 mm, t = 1 mm. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors are thankful for the support of King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
REFERENCES

1. Hansen, R. C., Phased Array Antennas, John Wiley and Sons Inc, 1998. 2. Wilkinson, E. J., An N-way power divider, IEEE Trans. Micro. Theory Tech., Vol. 8, No. 960, 116118, 1960, 3. Cai, X., T. Yu, and T. Ling, Electromagnetic characterization analysis of the connecting structure of the via in multilayered microwave circuit, Global Symposium on Millimeter Waves (GSMM), 275278, April 2008.

Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Abstracts, Cambridge, USA, July 58, 2010

347

A Telemetry Antenna System for Unmanned Air Vehicles

M. Dogan1, 2 and F. Ustuner1
1 2

TUBITAK, UEKAE, Kocaeli, Turkey Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey

tured for UAVs that provides 360 coverage in the roll plane of the UAV. Proposed telemetry antenna system includes four telemetry antennas, one power divider that has one input and four output terminals which feeds the telemetry antennas with equal magnitude and phase. Proposed high gain telemetry antennas are based on the feeding of the microstrip patch antenna via aperture coupling. Full coverage in the roll plane of the UAV is obtained by using circular array conguration of telemetry antennas. RF power divider is designed by using couple of Wilkinson power dividers with equal line lengths and impedance sections from input terminal to the all four output terminals. Introduction: Telemetry systems are used for remote data measurement and collection. Data transfer is usually done in wireless means. Telemetry systems have been used in several areas such as agriculture, defense, medicine . . . etc. Airborne telemetry systems are used for remote monitoring the temperature, pressure, vibration and acceleration variations of the UAV during the ight time. The complete structure of a telemetry system includes sensors and transducers, signal conditioners, RF circuits and the transmitter. Antennas and a power divider to feed the antennas with equal magnitude and phase are the main part of the transmitter. In this paper designed antennas and power divider are presented with the simulation and measurement results in the desired frequency range. Telemetry System: Proposed telemetry system has four antennas and one RF power divider. Aperture coupled microstrip patch antennas are designed and printed on Roger 4003C substrate. Manufactured antennas have measured VSWR values lower than 1.5 and gain of 8.5 dBi in 2.2 2.4 GHz frequency band. Each individual antenna has 60 HPBW in the H -plane and more than 25 dB cross polarization ratio. In order to have full coverage in the roll plane, circular array conguration of all four antennas is used. Each antenna is placed on the four orthogonal side walls of the UAV and thus full coverage in the roll plane is obtained. RF power divider has one input and four output terminals. All four output terminals are connected to the each telemetry antenna via extremely low loss coaxial cables. Wilkinson power dividers are used to manufacture RF power divider. In order to have equal magnitude and phase at each output terminal, individual paths from input port to the all four output port should have same length with the same line impedance variations. Return loss, insertion loss, phase delay and port isolation measurements are performed at TUBITAK UEKAE EMC Laboratory facilies. Proposed power divider has a VSWR value lower than 1.25, maximum 0.5 dB insertion loss, maximum of 2 3 phase variation between each path at 2.3 GHz and a minimum port isolation of 25 dB in the desired frequency range which is well below 30 dB at the center frequency. VSWR measurements are also performed on complete telemetry antenna system in anechoic chamber.

Abstract This paper presents a low VSWR high gain telemetry antenna system manufac-

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Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Abstracts, Cambridge, USA, July 58, 2010

Defected Ground Structure for Coupling Reduction between Probe Fed Microstrip Antenna Elements
C. V azquez, G. Hotopan, S. Ver Hoeye, M. Fern andez, L. F. Herr an, and F. Las-Heras Area of Signal Theory and Communications, Universidad de Oviedo Edicio Polivalente de Viesques, M odulo 8, planta 1, Campus de Viesques, E-33203, Gij on, Spain

Abstract In recent years, microstrip antennas have become a widespread choice for a great
variety of applications, due to their well-known attractive features, such as low prole, light weight and low production cost. These properties, together with the capability to integrate the feeding networks, tuning devices or other kind of auxiliary circuitry on the same substrate, make this technology an interesting option for antenna array implementations. However, for two dimensional arrays where the feeding signals of the radiating elements must be separately controlled, the design of the feeding network can become a challenging task. Probe fed designs can be appropriate for these cases, as each radiating element can be directly fed from underneath the ground plane [1]. The mutual coupling between elements of antenna arrays is a critical aspect that must be conveniently taken into account in the design process, as it can lead to severe degradations in the overall performance. The mutual coupling between two probe fed microstrip antennas based on stacked patches, like those presented in [1], working around 10 GHz and aligned collinearly along their E -plane is analysed, both versus frequency and versus element separation. In order to mitigate the detrimental mutual coupling between elements, a simple Defected Ground Structure (DGS) based on narrow, closely spaced, rectangular slots (Fig. 1(a)), is presented. Two designs with 3 and 5 slots have been optimised and studied through electromagnetic simulations. For the experimental validation of the simulated results, prototypes of two element antenna arrays with both DGS designs have been manufactured and measured, obtaining reductions in the value of the |S12 | parameter of around 6 and 8 dB respectively (Fig. 1(b)).

(a)

(b)

Figure 1: (a) Outline of the proposed Defected Ground Structure design with 5 slots. (b) Measured |S12 | versus frequency without DGS, with the 3 slot design and with the 5 slot design. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci on of Spain and FEDER, under projects TEC2006-12254-C02-01/TCM, TEC2008-01638/TEC (INVEMTA) and CONSOLIDERINGENIO CSD2008-00068 (TERASENSE), by the Gobierno del Principado de Asturias under the Plan de Ciencia y Tecnolog a (PCTI)/FEDER-FSE by the grant BP08-082, the projects EQP06-015, FC-08-EQUIP-06, PEST08-02 and IB09081, and by the C atedra Telef onica Universidad de Oviedo and Fundaci on CTIC.
REFERENCES

1. V azquez Antu na, C., G. Hotopan, S. Ver Hoeye, M. Fern andez Garc a, L. F. Herr an Onta n on, and F. Las-Heras, Microstrip antenna design based on stacked patches for recongurable two dimensional planar array topologies, Progress In Electromagnetics Research , PIER 97, 95104, 2009.

Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Abstracts, Cambridge, USA, July 58, 2010

349

A Modied Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna with Improved Bandwidth and Radiation Pattern
Jian Bai, Shouyuan Shi, and Dennis W. Prather Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, DE 19716, USA

Abstract Vivaldi antenna has been widely used in ultra-wideband (UWB) technologies, e.g.,
UWB communication, imaging system, penetrating radar, due to its ultra-wide bandwidth, low prole, easy fabrication and low cost. Recently, Vivaldi antenna operating at the range of 1 20 GHz, i.e., 20 : 1 bandwidth, has been reported. When antenna is operated at high frequency, the surface mode is easily excited reducing the gain and deteriorating the radiation pattern. As a result, the substrate has to be very thin (t( r 1) 0.030 ) or has very low dielectric constant. This restriction leads many diculties, e.g., fabrication of very thin substrate, mechanical instability of antenna, particularly in millimeter-wave regime. There have been dierent ways to solve this problem, such as membrane-supported antennas backed by thick foam substrate, and selectively machining holes into the dielectric substrate to reduce the eective dielectric constant. In this paper, a modied antipodal Vivaldi antenna is present. Compared with the traditional antenna, the bandwidth of the proposed antenna is extended approximately by 20 GHz based on the same substrate, i.e., RT/Duroid 5880 with dielectric constant of 2.2 and thickness of 10 mil, and the radiation pattern and the gain of antenna are also improved. The eective dielectric constant accordingly is equivalently reduced or thickness of substrate increased for a given frequency regime. The modications are implemented in the following way. A number of slots are cut along the edge of the antenna. The conguration of these slots, i.e., depth, position, width and orientation, needs be optimized to create new current distribution we expect. It is observed, particularly at high frequency range, the current otherwise existing everywhere on the antenna tends to be mainly along the ngers left after slots are applied. Such slight ngers behave similarly as monopoles, allowing us to better control their eect on radiation pattern. In addition, the current distribution can be further controlled in another way at mean time. A lot of resonant rings are applied along the tapered slot of the antenna. They behave as in defected ground structure (DGS) to prevent current from passing through when their resonance happens. It is shown that the surface wave excited from current along tapered slot is eectively suppressed. At last, the proposed modied antenna is analyzed using HFSS commercial software and proven to be well worked at the range of 450 GHz.

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Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Abstracts, Cambridge, USA, July 58, 2010

Optimization of Aperture Coupled Microstrip Patch Antennas

M. Dogan1, 2 , G. K. Sendur2 , and F. Ustuner1
1 2

TUBITAK-UEKAE, Kocaeli, Turkey Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey

Abstract This paper presents the optimization of an aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna (ACMPA) that is manufactured for use on unmanned air vehicles. ACMPAs overcome the drawbacks of microstrip antennas such as low gain and narrow impedance bandwidth. ACMPA is a multilayer stacked type of an antenna and has several factors that aect the antenna performance. This paper explains the optimization of these factors to get the highest antenna gain, lowest VSWR in the desired impedance bandwidth with MATLAB Optimization Toolbox. The comparison between the optimization with MATLAB and optometric tool of HFSS is going to be investigated. Introduction: Microstrip antenna (MSA) in its simplest form consists of a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric substrate and a ground plane on the other side. Even though MSAs have so many advantages in practice, they are suered from the narrow impedance bandwidth, lower antenna gain and low power handling capability. Pozar rst proposed ACMPAs to overcome these disadvantages. ACMPA is simply based on the coupling of the eld on the microstrip feed line placed on the one side of the ground plane to the radiating patch through an electrically small aperture in the ground plane. It demonstrates signicant improvement on impedance bandwidth and antenna gain. Antenna Optimization: ACMPA is composed of 50 Ohm microstrip feed line below the ground plane, an electrically small aperture on the antenna ground plane and a patch over the antenna ground. The ground plane that the aperture lies on is a common ground for the microstrip feed line and the patch antenna. There are several factors that aect the performance of ACMPA such as length of tuning stub, relative location of the aperture w.r.t to the patch, antenna substrate properties, shape of coupling aperture, geometric parameters of the patch, height of each stacked layers from the ground plane. In addition, proposed antenna is buried in a metallic cavity which is opened on the sidewall of unmanned air vehicle; therefore the eect of the cavity to the antenna should be investigated. Antenna designers usually use EM design tools such as HFSS, CST-MWS. These types of tools are very powerful on antenna design and also optimization with their own optometric analyzers where the antenna designer enters the desired criterias to the optometric tool and then waits until the program stops. Unfortunately, designer has no idea what is going on and no control during optimization. In this paper, we perform the antenna optimization with MATLAB optimization toolbox instead of using HFSS optometric. MATLAB runs the HFSS via scripts, takes the output data (VSWR, Gain) from the HFSS, processes them and nishes the optimization after couple of iterations and function evaluations. During optimization time designer will able to see and control the optimization process. In this paper, the eciency of antenna optimization with MATLAB Optimization Toolbox will also be demonstrated by comparing it with HFSS optometric with the optimized results and the time that the optimization takes.

Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Abstracts, Cambridge, USA, July 58, 2010

351

A Compact and Low Cost Elementary Radiating Cell for Satellite Broadcasting Automotive Receiving Arrays
R. Torres-S anchez1 , J. R. Mosig1 , S. Vaccaro1, 2 , and D. Llorens del R o1, 2 Laboratory of Electromagnetics and Acoustics (LEMA) Ecole Polytechnique F ed erale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland 2 JAST SA, PSE-EPFL Bat. C, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
1

Abstract In this communication, the printed circuit board implementation of a complete

elementary radiating cell for a low prole Ku-band array antenna with full electronic beam steering and polarization control capabilities is presented. The implementation eectively strikes a balance between cost, electromagnetic performance and aesthetics, as required by automotive consumer applications providing satellite broadcasting reception capabilities [1]. At the expense of a high level of integration of the required functionalities into a complex multilayered structure, such compromise has already been tackled at basic radiating element level, which allowed for both concept proong [2] and mature design prototyping [3]. This compromise led to a miniaturized aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna type radiating element, with stripline feeding and dual linear polarization. The goal of this communication is, therefore, to illustrate the way this mature radiating element is integrated within the nal multilayer buildup to become a programmable array cell and to demonstrate its standalone performance. As shown in Figure 1(a), the elementary cell comprises, within the real state imposed by the actual array grid, the linearly polarized element, a stripline branch-line hybrid, a couple of long signal vias connecting the hybrid terminals to the microstrip layer where the active components are to be mounted and, nally, a power combiner joining the stripline feeding network to the outputs of the active components. The electromagnetic performances of the cell, although constrained by the aforementioned technological and dimensional factors (see Figure 1(b)), are very promising. Moreover, an overall performance improvement is expected to take place at array level once the benets of the foreseen sequential rotation are eectively exploited.

(a) Structure

(b) Performance

Figure 1: Elementary radiating cell.

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REFERENCES

1. Baggen, R., S. Vaccaro, and D. Llorens del R o, Design considerations for compact mobile Ku-band satellite terminals, Proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, Edinburgh, UK, November 2007. 2. Torres-S anchez, R., S. Vaccaro, and J. R. Mosig, A compact and low cost radiating element for automotive satellite broadcasting reception arrays, Proceedings of the 30th European Space Agency Antenna Workshop for Earth Observation, Science, Telecommunication and Navigation Space Missions, ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, May 2008. 3. Torres-S anchez, R., J. R. Mosig, S. Vaccaro, and D. Llorens del R o, On the design of a compact and low cost radiating element for satellite broadcasting automotive receiving arrays, Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Antenna Applications Symposium, Monticello (IL), USA, September 2009.

Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Abstracts, Cambridge, USA, July 58, 2010

353

Analysis and Simulation of Dierent Bent Dipole Circularly Polarized Antenna Array Situated Close to Ground Plane
Saeed M. Khan Kansas State University, USA

Abstract Bent dipole antennas are being studied for the purpose of creating circularly polarized arrays with wide beamwidth. The analysis will begin with the analytical study of a bent dipole element in the proximity of a ground plane. The analytical results will be veried through experimental and simulation data. The impact of bend angle on impedance characteristics will be investigated using simulation and analytical modeling. Next, an array of four bent dipole elements with their feeds resting equidistant from adjacent elements on the perimeter of a circle is studied through simulation. The array is made to generate right circular polarization by feeding adjacent elements with equal amplitudes and a phase progression of 90 . The axial ratio, S -parameters, and beamwidth characteristics will be provided for this model. Two other arrays of 8 and 16 elements being fed with equal amplitudes with phase progressions of 45 and 22.5 be simulated and studied as above. It is noticed that the symmetry of the patterns and axial ratios in the three cases seemed to improve with increased elements. This concept will then be extended to a continuous structure which can seen as an innite array of bent dipoles, however, only four feeds with equal magnitudes and a 90 phase progression will be used in this case. Measured and simulated characteristics of this antenna, which includes beamwidths, axial ratios, and impedances, will be presented. Comments will be made on the design and its characteristics.

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Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Abstracts, Cambridge, USA, July 58, 2010

Tapered-line Power Divider

B. K. Chung1 and C. T. Chiang2
2

Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia Computer Simulation Technology (CST), Malaysia

Abstract Ultra-wideband (UWB) power divider is required in UWB microwave systems. In

addition to insertion loss, the other important parameters to achieve include low return loss, low amplitude ripple, high isolation, amplitude and phase balance between output ports, powerhandling capability, and compact size. There are many works on obtaining wideband response. Multistage and dual-frequency approaches have been used to widen the bandwidth of Wilkinson power divider. The conventional Wilkinson power divider uses quarterwave transformer to provide the desired impedance transformation. Since the line length is exactly quarter wavelength only at the center frequency, the operating bandwidth of the power divider is limited in terms of return loss and isolation. Multiple quarterwave transformer connected in cascade improves the bandwidth but it increases the size of the device. Many methods have been proposed to reduce the size but they come with some degradation of the electrical performances. In this paper, the design of a tapered-line Wilkinson power divider with UWB performance is presented. The quarterwave transformer in the conventional Wilkinson power divider is replaced by an exponentially tapered line. Since the tapered line provide a consistent impedance transformation over all frequencies above the lower limit, the amplitude ripple and the input return loss is reduced. Two additional resistors are added along the tapered line to improve the output return loss and isolation. Simulation was performed using CST Microwave Studio CAD software. The simulated and measured results conrm the good performance of the proposed circuit. The return loss at its three ports and the isolation between the output ports are better than 15 dB across the band 210.3 GHz.

Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Abstracts, Cambridge, USA, July 58, 2010

355

A Novel Feeding Scheme for Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) Array for Millimeter-wave Band Applications
Wael M. Abdel Wahab, Saeddin Safavi-Naeini, and Dan Busuioc Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

Abstract The rapid development of wireless communications systems operating at millimeterwave (mmW) frequency range between 60 GHz90 GHz, such as IEEE 802.15 wireless network, automotive radar, imaging sensors, and biomedical devices, requires low cost technology suitable for mass production. One of the key elements is a highly ecient antenna arrays and RF circuits to be integrated on the same substrate. Microstrip patch antenna (MPA) arrays are good candidate for low cost mmW applications. They are known for their low prole and low cost and ease of manufacturing. However, their radiation eciency degrades as the frequency and number of elements in the array increase due to their feeding structure. Currently, the proposed substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technique maintain the advantages of dielectric lledrectangular waveguide (RWG) as well as additional merits such as ease of integration with planar circuits, low fabrication cost, and compact size. In this paper, we propose a microstrip patch antenna (MPA) array with high radiation eciency for emerging 60 GHz wireless applications. A conguration of the proposed SIW-fed MPA array is presented. As an example 2D 22 MPA fed SIW array @ 60 GHz is described. The proposed array antenna consists of SIW 1 2 power splitter (two ways) and rectangular MPA radiating elements. Each MPA (formed on the top of dielectric substrate layer1) is excited by a narrow coupling slot cut on the SIW (formed in dielectric substrate layer2) top metal plane. The slot is excited by the TE10 waveguide fundamental model. The overall radiation eciency of the proposed antenna is investigated by nite elements method (HFSS). It is shown that the simulated radiation eciency is better than 90% and this due to the fact that the antenna excitation elds are mostly conned within the guiding structure and lower feed loss. The simulated antenna gain is 11.71 dB @ the design frequency of 59.95 GHz within an operating bandwidth of 500 MHz. The eciency of the developed antenna is higher than that of conventional millimeter-wave microstrip array antennas. Furthermore, the developed planar MPA fed SIW antenna can be easily integrated with other RF circuits on the same substrate using a suitable transition and can be fabricated using printed circuit Board (PCB) technology at no cost.

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Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Abstracts, Cambridge, USA, July 58, 2010

Use of Attachment Functions in the Moment Method for Analysis of Planar Microstrip Structures
O. Nejla and T. Aguili SysCom Laboratory, Electrical Engineering Department, Engineer School of Tunis, Tunisia

Abstract In our work, we propose a solution to deal with the problem of the errors introduced by the presence of discontinuities in planar microstrip circuits in computing some physical quantities, like the distribution of the current, by the moment method. In this approach, we combine the Moment Method with the generalized equivalent circuit method to analyze a planar circuit. The interest of the method resides on the use of the attachment functions in the base of sinusoidal trial functions in the moment method, generally one or two functions by interface. This solution allows us to correct the mistake of our results at the discontinuities of the structure. In the rst part of the work, we study a rectangular microstrip antenna excited on the plane of the circuit by a localized voltage source. This structure is shielded in a rectangular metallic box with electric walls and which the top cover is placed endlessly. We calculate the current traveling on the feed line toward the patch edge. The results are compared with those already published and they verify the limit conditions of the structure. In the second part, we place a second patch antenna identical to the rst in H plane conguration to study the mutual coupling phenomena. We study the convergence of the mutual coupling coecient |S12 | with the number of basis functions and trial functions and we represent its frequency response. We compare the convergence of TE and TM modes and we illustrate the comportment of |S12 | with the distance between the two patches and the dielectric permittivity of the substrate. The results are compared with those of commercial software.

Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Abstracts, Cambridge, USA, July 58, 2010

357

Microstrip Antenna for Wideband Applications with Sandwitch Substrate

Malay Ranjan Tripathy1 , Pawan Kumar2, 3 , H. P. Sinha3 , and Rachid Talhi4 Department of ECE, JIET, Jind, Haryana, India Department of ECE, SDITM, ISRANA, Panipat, Haryana, India 3 Department of ECE, M. M. University, Mulana, Haryana, India 4 University of Tours and CNRS, UMR 6115, Orleans 45071, France
2 1

Abstract Microstrip antennas are considered for wide applications due to its light weight,
low prole, planar conguration, compactness and inexpensive fabrication process [1, 2]. The limitation of microstrip antenna technology is the narrow bandwidth of the basic element. The bandwidth of a basic patch element is usually 1%3% [3]. The modern trends in wireless communication systems require wide bandwidth antennas, by which the voice, data, and video information can be transmitted. The bandwidth of the microstrip antenna can be increased by reducing the substrate permittivity (r ), increasing its thickness (h), adding an impedance matching network, stack patches, edge-coupled parasitic patches, lossy materials etc. [4, 5]. The proposed wideband microstrip antenna consists of multilayer dielectric substrate. The optimization of this antenna is carried out considering dierent thickness and dielectric parameters of sandwiched substrate. The microstrip antenna with multilayer dielectric substrate is seen to achieve impedance bandwidth more than 40% with return losses below 10 dB at resonant frequency (i.e., 35 GHz). Over the impedance bandwidth, the maximum directive gain and VSWR are seen to be more than 3 dBi and less than or equal to 2 respectively.
REFERENCES

1. Balani, C. A., Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA, 2005. 2. Wong, K. L., Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antennas, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, NY, 2002. 3. Garg, R., P. Bhartia, and A. Ittipiboon, Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook, Artech House, Boston, London, 2001. 4. Liu, Z. F., P. S. Kooi, L. W. Li, M. S. Liong, and T. S. Yeo, A method for designing broadband microstrip antenna in multi layered planar structures, IEEE Trans. Antenna Prop., Vol. 47, No. 9, 14161420, 1999. 5. James J. R. and P. S. Hall, Handbook of Microstrip Antnnas, Peter Peregrinus, UK, 1989.

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Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Abstracts, Cambridge, USA, July 58, 2010

Eect of Distance between Feeding Point and Ground Point of PIFA Antenna on Its Resonant Frequency and S Parameter
J. Jamali1 , R. A. Sadeghzadeh2 , and M. N. Moghaddasi3 Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Department of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran 3 Faculty of Engineering, Science and Research Campus, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 1

Abstract The planar inverted F antennas (PIFA) are commonly used in mobile terminals.
Because of compact size and low prole it is popular for portable wireless devices [1, 2]. The planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is an extension of the wire inverted-F antenna (IFA) in which the wire is replaced with a plate in order to increase the bandwidth. Conventional PIFA comprise of a top patch, a shorting pin and a feeding pin. The top patch is mounted above a ground plane; the ground pin and feed pin, connected at proper positions to the top patch, have the same length as the distance between the top patch and the ground plane [3]. Figure 1 shows the illustration of PIFA antenna. Placing L-shaped, U-shaped slits or other shaped slits (normally meandering techniques) in the main resonating patch produces dual frequency operation. Upper bound of the frequency is controlled by the length and width of the slit, and the lower resonant frequency is controlled by the length and width of the main patch. The PIFA antenna is designed as receiver antenna for the UMTS I Band (Rx 2112.4 MHz 2167.6 MHz) [4]. In order to study the characteristic of PIFA antennas, eect of mainly parameter of PIFA distance between the feed point and the ground point on the resonant frequency and S parameters was investigated using full wave EM SIMULATOR tools like CST Microwave Studio [5]. The dimension of the ground plane is 100 50 mm2 , which is the same as the standard stick type phone models, the length of top patch, L, is equal to 33.5 mm, and the height of shorting plate, h, is equal to 5.8 mm [4]. The distance between the feed point and the ground point was changed to observe dierent performances of the return loss of the designed PIFA antenna. The main purpose is to nd a better performance at a certain resonant frequency.
Shorting plate h ground plane feed dv ground plane L top patch

Figure 1: Structure of PIFA antenna.

REFERENCES

1. Chattha, H. T., Y. Huang, and Y. Lu, PIFA bandwidth enhancement by changing the widths of feed and shorting plates, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 8, 637640, July 2009. 2. Huynh, M.-C. and W. Stutzman, Ground plane eects on planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) performance, IEE Proc. Microw. Antennas Propag., Vol. 150, No. 4, 209213, August 2003. 3. Chattha, H. T., Y. Huang, X. Zhu, and Y. Lu, An empirical equation for predicting the resonant frequency of planar inverted-F antennas, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 8, 856860, August 2009. 4. Kildal, P.-S. and K. Rosengren, Electromagnetic analysis of eective and apparent diversity gain of two parallel dipoles, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 2, No. 1, 913, 2003. 5. http://www.cst.com.

Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Abstracts, Cambridge, USA, July 58, 2010

359

GA Optimization for Compact Broadband PIFA Application

Wen Pan and Quanyuan Feng Institute of Microelectronics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China

Abstract In this paper, a Planar Inverted-F antenna (PIFA) applicable to the digital broadcasting service such as DMB and DVB-H is presented. Between the top plate and ground one part of the substrate is ferrite and the remaining is air-lled. This combined substrate structure as well as the utilization of T-shaped ground plane remarkably broadens the bandwidth and minimizes the antenna size. The optimizer by Genetic Algorithms (GA) cooperated with High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) is adopted to obtain the optimal volume and shape of the PIFA. The mixed optimization program gives the scheme to cut out irregularly shaped slot windows on the patch which makes the Return Loss of the antenna proposed achieve 51.25 dB at the operation frequency. Finally, the antenna is xed on 23 mm length, 5 mm width, 1 mm thick, over 72% reduction in the size compared with the conventional PIFA, relative bandwidth is 70% at 0.7 GHz, and VSWR is 1.05.

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Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Abstracts, Cambridge, USA, July 58, 2010