Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ET-364(A)
FOR
rd
NAME____________________________________
FATHERS NAME__________________________
ROLL NO__________________________________
BATCH_______2009-2012________
DEPATRMENT OF ELECTRICAL
.DON
TS
CONTENTS
Experiment No
Page. No
1. Verification of Gates
2. Half/Full Adder/Subtractor
3. Parallel Adder/Subtractor
12
5. MUX/DEMUX
13
15
17
8. RS Flip-Flop
18
9. D Flip-Flops
19
10. JK Flip-Flops
20
21
22
24
14. Counters
27
30
33
17. Project-1
18. Project-2
19. Project-3
The Breadboard
The breadboard consists of two terminal strips and two bus strips (often broken in
the centre). Each bus strip has two rows of contacts. Each of the two rows of
contacts are a node. That is, each contact along a row on a bus strip is connected
together (inside the breadboard). Bus strips are used primarily for power supply
connections, but are also used for any node requiring a large number of connections.
Each terminal strip has 60 rows and 5 columns of contacts on each side of the centre
gap. Each row of 5 contacts is a node.
You will build your circuits on the terminal strips by inserting the leads of circuit
components into the contact receptacles and making connections with 22-26 gauge
wire. There are wire cutter/strippers and a spool of wire in the lab. It is a good
practice to wire +5V and 0V power supply connections to separate bus strips.
Bus Strip
Terminal Strip
Throughout these experiments we will use TTL chips to build circuits. The steps for
wiring a circuit should be completed in the order described below:
1. Turn the power (Trainer Kit) off before you build anything!
2. Make sure the power is off before you build anything!
3. Connect the +5V and ground (GND) leads of the power supply to the power
and ground bus strips on your breadboard.
Page 1
4. Plug the chips you will be using into the breadboard. Point all the chips in
the same direction with pin 1 at the upper-left corner. (Pin 1 is often
identified by a dot or a notch next to it on the chip package)
5. Connect +5V and GND pins of each chip to the power and ground bus
strips on the breadboard.
6. Select a connection on your schematic and place a piece of hook-up wire
between corresponding pins of the chips on your breadboard. It is better to
make the short connections before the longer ones. Mark each connection
on your schematic as you go, so as not to try to make the same connection
again at a later stage.
7. Get one of your group members to check the connections, before you turn
the power on.
8. If an error is made and is not spotted before you turn the power on. Turn
the power off immediately before you begin to rewire the circuit.
9. At the end of the laboratory session, collect you hook-up wires, chips and
all equipment and return them to the demonstrator.
10. Tidy the area that you were working in and leave it in the same condition
as it was before you started.
Common Causes of Problems
1. Not connecting the ground and/or power pins for all chips.
2. Not turning on the power supply before checking the operation of the
circuit.
3. Leaving out wires.
4. Plugging wires into the wrong holes.
5. Driving a single gate input with the outputs of two or more gates
6. Modifying the circuit with the power on.
In all experiments, you will be expected to obtain all instruments, leads, components
at the start of the experiment and return them to their proper place after you have
finished the experiment. Please inform the demonstrator or technician if you locate
faulty equipment. If you damage a chip, inform a demonstrator, don't put it back in
the box of chips for somebody else to use.
If you locate any errors in this manual, please e-mail:m_sh9t@yahoo.com
Example Implementation of a Logic Circuit
Build a circuit to implement the Boolean function F = / (/A. /B), please note that the
. You should use that notation during the write-up of your
notation /A refers to
laboratory experiments.
Page 2
Page 3
VERIFICATION OF GATES
Date: __/__/____
Procedure: -
74LS08
0
1
Y4
(V)
O/P
Y1
(V)
Y2
(V)
Y3
(V)
Y4
(V)
1
1
2-Input OR Gate
74LS32
Y3
(V)
4081
B
Y2
(V)
Y1
(V)
O/P
O/P
Y1
(V)
Y2
(V)
Y3
(V)
Y4
(V)
1
1
Page 4
2-Input OR Gate
A
4071
O/P
Y2
(V)
Y3
(V)
Y4
(V)
Y1
(V)
74LS04
O/P Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y4 Y4 Y4
(V) (V) (V) (V) (V) (V) (V)
4009
O/P
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y4 Y4 Y4
(V) (V) (V) (V) (V) (V) (V)
0
1
0
1
74LS00
O/P
Y3
(V)
Y4
(V)
Y2
(V)
Y3
(V)
Y4
(V)
Y2
(V)
Y1
(V)
4011
O/P
Y1
(V)
1
1
Page 5
74LS02
O/P
O/P
Y1
(V)
Y3
(V)
Y4
(V)
Y2
(V)
Y3
(V)
Y4
(V)
74LS86
O/P
Y1
(V)
4030
O/P
Y1
(V)
Y2
(V)
Y3
(V)
Y4
(V)
Y2
(V)
Y3
(V)
Y4
(V)
1
1
Y2
(V)
4001
Y4
(V)
Y3
(V)
Y2
(V)
Y1
(V)
O/P
4077
Y1
(V)
1
1
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Conclusion:___________________________________________________________________
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Experiment No: 2
Date: __/__/____
Truth Table
A
0
1
1
Sum Carry
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
Inputs
A
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
B
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Outputs
Page 8
A
0
B
0
Di
1
1
Inputs
A
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
B
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Outputs
Di
Conclusion:___________________________________________________________________
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Experiment No: 3
Date: __/__/____
I
C
4
0
0
8
Adder
Page 10
A2
0
1
0
1
1
A1
0
0
1
1
1
Subtractor:-
A0
1
1
0
1
1
B3
0
1
1
1
0
A2
0
1
0
0
0
A1
1
0
1
1
0
A0
0
1
1
0
0
Adder / Subtractor
B3
0
0
0
0
1
B2
0
0
0
1
0
B1
1
1
1
1
1
B0
0
1
0
1
1
B2
0
0
1
1
1
B1
0
1
0
1
1
B0
1
1
1
0
1
Add=0
Subtract=1
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1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
Addition
S4 S3 S2
S1
Subtraction
Bout D4 D3 D2 D1
0
0
1
1
Conclusion:___________________________________________________________________
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Experiment No: 4
Date: __/__/____
Conclusion:___________________________________________________________________
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Experiment No: 5
Date: __/__/____
Procedure:-
8 input- Multiplexer
S0
S1
S2
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
E
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
A0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
A1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
A2
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
A3
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
O/P
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0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
Conclusion:___________________________________________________________________
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Experiment No: 6
Date: __/__/____
Procedure:-
No
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
BCD inputs
A0 A1 A2
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
H
L
L
H
L
H
L
L
H
L
L
H
H
L
H
H
H
L
L
H
L
L
A3
L
H
L
H
L
H
L
H
L
H
Decimal output
4
5
6
Encoder
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BCD code
B
C
Conclusion:___________________________________________________________________
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Experiment No: 7
Date: __/__/____
Procedure:-
A0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
A1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
A2
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
A3
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Digits a
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Conclusion:___________________________________________________________________
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Experiment No: 8
Date: __/__/____
RS Flip Flop
Aim:- To Verify function of RS Flip-Flop.
Apparatus Required: IC 4043
Truth Table
Mode of
Operation
Conclusion:___________________________________________________________________
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Experiment No: 9
Date: __/__/____
D Flip Flop
Aim: - To Verify function of D Flip-Flop.
Apparatus Required: IC 4013
Truth Table
CL
D
0
1
Conclusion:___________________________________________________________________
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Experiment No: 10
Date: __/__/____
JK Flip Flop
Aim: - To Verify function of JK Flip-Flop.
Apparatus Required: IC 4027 or 74LS76
CL J K
Mode of
Operation
Conclusion:___________________________________________________________________
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Signature of the staff in charge
Page 21
Experiment No: 11
Date: __/__/____
Schmitt Trigger
Aim: - To Verify function of Schmitt Trigger.
Apparatus Required: IC 4093 or 74LS13 or 74LS14
IC4093Pin Diagram
Wave form
Conclusion:___________________________________________________________________
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Signature of the staff in charge
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Experiment No: 12
Date: __/__/____
Uses of IC 555
Aim: - To construct Astable and Monostable Multivibrator by using 555 timer
and Verify there functions.
Apparatus Required: IC 555 ,74LS13 or 74LS14
In the astable timer, the out put voltage wave form is square wave. The width of this wave is
dependent on capacitor charging and discharging time. when the capacitor is charging the
output is high thats time period is:
When capacitor is discharging, output is low thats time period is:
and
Conclusion:___________________________________________________________________
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Experiment No: 13
Date: __/__/____
Shift Registers
Aim: - To Verify function of different shift resistors.
Apparatus Required: 74LS164 , 74LS65 ,4035
SIPO 74LS164
CLK
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Serial
in
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
Conclusion:___________________________________________________________________
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Conclusion:___________________________________________________________________
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PIPO 4035
Conclusion:___________________________________________________________________
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Experiment No: 14
Date: __/__/____
Counters
Aim: - To Verify function of different Counters.
Apparatus Required: 74LS164 , 74LS65 ,4035
No. of
CP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
(Recycles)
Binary counting
sequence
Decimal
count
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Conclusion:___________________________________________________________________
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Experiment No: 15
Date: __/__/____
Memory Devices
Aim: - To study the function of different memory devices.
PIC12C67X EPROM Memory Programming Specification
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
1. SDA Serial Data
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3. Noise Protection
Conclusion:___________________________________________________________________
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Experiment No: 16
Date: __/__/____
8085 Microprocessor
Aim: - To study the function of 8085 Microprocessor.
Address Bus:
The pins A8-A15 denote the address bus. They are used for the most significant bit of memory
address.
Address/Data Bus:
AD0-AD7 constitutes the Address/Data bus. They are time multiplexed. These pins are used for
least significant bits of address bus in the first machine clock cycle and used as data bus for
second and third clock cycle.
But what is a clock cycle? What is first clock cycle and second, third so on...
A clock cycle is nothing but the time taken between two adjacent pulses of the oscillator. In
simple words clock cycle refers to the transition between o volts to 5 volts and back to 0 volts. So
the first clock cycle means the first transition of pulse from 0volts to 5 volts and then back to 0
volts.
ALE: Address Latch Enable:
In the previous article we saw how ALE helps in demultiplexing the lower order address and data
bus. This signal goes high during the first clock cycle and enables the lower order address bits.
The lower order address bus is added to memory or any external latch.
IO/M:
Consider we have an address to be processed. But how do the processors know whether the
address is for memory or I/O functions? For this purpose a status signal called IO/M is used.
This distinguishes whether the address is for memory or IO. When this pin goes high, the address
is for an I/O device. While the pin goes low, the address is assigned for the memory.
S0-S1:
S0 and S1 are status signals which provides different status and functions depending on their
status.
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RD:
This is an active low signal. That is, an operation is performed when the signal goes low. This
signal is used to control READ operation of the microprocessor. When this pin goes low the
microprocessor reads the data from memory or I/O device.
WR:
WR is also an active low signal which controls the write operations of the microprocessor.
When this pin goes low, the data is written to the memory or I/O device.
READY:
READY is used by the microprocessor to check whether a peripheral is ready to accept or
transfer data. A peripheral may be a LCD display or analog to digital converter or any other.
These peripherals are connected to microprocessor using the READY pin. If READY is high
then the periphery is ready for data transfer. If not the microprocessor waits until READY goes
high.
HOLD:
This indicates if any other device is requesting the use of address and data bus. Consider two
peripheral devices. One is the LCD and the other Analog to Digital converter. Suppose if analog
to digital converter is using the address and data bus and if LCD requests the use of address and
data bus by giving HOLD signal, then the microprocessor transfers the control to the LCD as
soon as the current cycle is over. After the LCD process is over, the control is transferred back to
analog and digital converter.
HLDA:
HLDA is the acknowledgment signal for HOLD. It indicates whether the HOLD signal is
received or not. After the execution of HOLD request, HLDA goes low.
INTR:
INTR is an interrupt request signal. It has the lowest priority among the interrupts. INTR can be
enabled or disabled by using software. Whenever INTR goes high the microprocessor completes
the current instruction which is being executed and then acknowledges the INTR signal and
processes it.
INTA:
Whenever the microprocessor receives interrupt signal. It has to be acknowledged. This
acknowledgement is done by INTA. So whenever the interrupt is received INTA goes high.
RST 5.5, 6.5, 7.5:
These are nothing but the restart interrupts. They insert an internal restart function automatically.
All the above mentioned interrupts are maskable interrupts. That is, they can be enabled or
disabled using programs.
TRAP:
Among the interrupts of 8085 microprocessor, TRAP is the only non-maskable interrupt. It
cannot be enabled or disabled using a program. It has the highest priority among the interrupts.
PRIORITY ORDER (From highest to lowest)
TRAP
RST 7.5
RST 6.5
RST 5.5
INTR
RESET IN:
This pin resets the program counter to 0 and resets interrupt enable and HLDA flip-flops. The
CPU is held in reset condition until this pin is high. However the flags and registers wont get
affected except for instruction register.
RESET OUT:
This pin indicates that the CPU has been reset by RESET IN.
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X1 X2:
These are the terminals which are connected to external oscillator to produce the necessary and
suitable clock operation.
CLK:
Sometimes it is necessary for generating clock outputs from microprocessors so that they can be
used for other peripherals or other digital ICs. This is provided by CLK pin. Its frequency is
always same as the frequency at which the microprocessor operates.
SID:
This pin provides serial input data. The serial data on this pin is loaded into the seventh bit of the
accumulator when RIM instruction is executed.
RIM stands for READ INTERRUPT MASK, which checks whether the interrupt is masked or
not.
SOD:
This pin provides the serial output data. The serial data on this pin delivers its output to the
seventh bit of the accumulator when SIM instruction is executed.
Vcc and Vss:
Vcc is +5v pin and Vss is ground pin.
Thus the pin diagram and signals of 8085 microprocessor are explained in detail.
Conclusion:___________________________________________________________________
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Page 36
Project-1
Moving message display
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