Balancing organic redox reactions

Exercise 1 Balance the following reactions. a. CH3-CO-CH3 + LiAlH4 CH3-CHOH-CH3 + Li+ + Al3+ . CH3-CHO + Cu!+ CH3-COOH + Cu+ (acidic solution)

( asic solution)

Exercise 2 Balance the following reaction.

OH O

OH

+ Ce4+

+ Ce3+

(acidic solution)

Exercise 3 Balance the following reactions" . a. CH3CH!OH + Cr!O#!- CH3COOH + Cr3+ . CH3CH!CHCH!OH + O! ( OH Exercise 4 Balance the following reactions. a.
OH O

(co$%letel& o'idation)

OH

+ Cr!O#!-

+ Cr3+

(acidic solution) (acidic solution)

. CH3CH!OH + )nO4- )n!+ + CO!

Opgaver 16 november 2010 Lsninger

Opgave 1 Afste$ de f*lgende rea+tioner. a. CH3-CO-CH3 + LiAlH4 CH3-CHOH-CH3 + Li+ + Al3+ (sur ,-s+e)

+ LiAlH4 + 4 H+

+ Li+ + Al+3

. CH3-CHO + Cu!+ CH3-COOH + Cu+

( asis+ ,-s+e)

CH3-CHO + ! Cu!+ + ! OH- CH3-COOH + ! Cu+ + H!O Opgave 2 Afste$ f*lgende reaction.
OH O

OH

+ Ce4+

+ Ce3+

(sur ,-s+e)

OH

OH

+ ! Ce4+

+ ! Ce3+ + ! H+

Opgave 3 Afste$ f*lgende rea+tioner. a. 3 CH3CH!OH + ! Cr!O#!- + ./ H+ 3 CH3COOH+ 4 Cr3+ + .. H!O . ! CH3CH!CHCH!OH + .. O! 0 CO! + .1 H!O ( OH (fuldst-ndig o'idation)

Opgave 4 Afste$ f*lgende rea+tioner. a.

OH O

OH

+ Cr!O#!-

+ Cr3+

(sur ,-s+e)

OH

OH

+ !Cr!O#!- + ./H+ 3 (sur ,-s+e)

+ 4Cr3+ + ..H!O

. CH3CH!OH + )nO4- )n!+ + CO!

2CH3CH!OH + .!)nO4- + 3/H+ .!)n!+ + .1CO! + 33H!O

Exercises 4th November 2010 ol!tions

Exercise 1 Balance the following reactions.

"arbon n!mber . ! 3

#ttached atoms 3H3 .C !C3 .O 3H3 .C

!m o$ oxn nos o$ attached atoms 3(+.) + .(1) 4 +3 !(1) + .(-!) 4 -! 3(+.) + .(1) 4 +3 -3

" oxidation state

+! -3

2%&ropanol carbon oxidation states "arbon n!mber . ! 3 #ttached atoms 3H3 .C !C3 .H3 .OH 3H3 .C !m o$ oxn nos o$ attached atoms 3(+.) + .(1) 4 +3 !(1) + .(+.) + .(-.) 4 1 3(+.) + .(1) 4 +3 -3 1 -3 " oxidation state

5he sa$e %rocedure can e used to deter$ine the o'idation state of nitrogen in organic and inorganic co$%ounds which ,aries fro$ -3 (6H3) to +2 (H6O3)7 it occurs in all its o'idation states in organic co$%ounds and it too can %artici%ate in redo' reactions.

B#L#N"'N( E)*#+'ON
5o use these co$%utations to deter$ine the relati,e a$ounts of reagents needed to %erfor$ a che$ical reaction3 use these o'idation state changes as &ou did for inorganic reactions7 the electrons donated & the reducing agent $ust e e8ual to the electrons gained & the o'idi9ing agent. :or e'a$%le3 LiAlH43 has a nor$al Li" +.3 Al" +33 and a nor$al H" -.3 and reacts as follows (the %roducts are shown after neutrali9ation and isolation & water)"

LiAlH4 +

+ H!O

+ LiOH + Al(OH)3

5he Li" +.3 Al" +33 O" -! and the CH3;s are unchanged & this reaction. Changed are C-! and H. 5he half reactions3 alanced3 are" LiAlH4 4H+ + 0e- + Li+ + Al+3

+ !e- + ! H+ <e ha,e deter$ined that each LiAlH4 can reduce 4 acetone $olecules. 5o write a alanced e8uation3 $ulti%l& the second e8uation & 4 and add the two e8uations.

+ LiAlH4 + 4 H+

+ Li+ + Al+3

a. CH3CH!OH + Cr!O#!- CH3COOH + Cr3+ (sur o%l*sning) 3 CH3CH!OH + ! Cr!O#!- + ./ H+ 3 CH3COOH + 4 Cr3+ + .. H!O . :e + 6O3- :e3+ + 6O! (acidic solution)

CH3-CHO + ! Cu!+ + ! OH- CH3-COOH + ! Cu+ + H!O Exercise 2 A sa$%le containing iron(==) is titrated with %otassiu$ dichro$ate according to" :e!+ + Cr!O#!- :e3+ + Cr3+ (acidic solution)

!3131 g sa$%le is ta+en into use and titrated with !13!1 $L 131.211 ) >!Cr!O#. a. Balance the reaction. /:e!+ + Cr!O#!- + .4H+ /:e3+ + !Cr3+ + #H!O . Calculate the sa$%le?s content of iron in w@w-A.

!13!1 $L ' 131.211 ) 4 0,303 mmol >!Cr!O# 5itrated iron e8ual to / ti$es $$ol >!Cr!O# 4 1,818 mmol
1,818 mmol Fe equal to 1,818 mmol x 101,5262 mg

22,-4. mg/mmol 0 101,5262 mg

=ron content 4 ----------------- ' .11 4 5,002 % !131 $g Exercise 3 Balance the following reactions. a. )nO4- + :e(OH)! :e(OH)3 + )nO4!( asic solution)

)nO4- + :e(OH)! + OH- :e(OH)3 + )nO4!. (COO-)! + )nO4- )nO! + CO3!( asic solution)

3(COO-)! + !)nO4- + 4OH- !)nO! + /CO3!- + H!O Exercise . Balance the following reactions. a.
OH O

OH

+ Cr!O#!-

+ Cr3+

(acidic solution)
O

OH

OH

+ !Cr!O#!- + ./H+ 3

+ 4Cr3+ + ..H!O

. CH3CH!OH + )nO4- )n!+ + CO!

(acidic solution)

2CH3CH!OH + .!)nO4- + 3/H+ .!)n!+ + .1CO! + 33H!O