Carl Edison M. Balagtas 2005- !

"#2

SLR Topic Outline

Dean Pangalangan $ul% 2&' 20(!

UN experts slam Facebook for Somalia sanctions silence: UN Powers vis--vis Facebook User Agreement vis--vis !man "ig#t to Privac$ ). T*e Contro+ers% ,. -T*e sanctions in+estigators sa% So.alia/s notorious pirac% 0usiness is supported 0% acco.plices 1*o could 0e 0an2ers' 0usiness.en' politicians or aid 1or2ers 3all using t*eir regular occupations or positions to 4acilitate one or anot*er net1or2. )n+estigations *a+e con4ir.ed t*at t*ese .%riad 4acilitators are interlin2ed t*roug* +arious co..unication c*annels and e.plo% social net1or2 ser+ices' suc* as 5ace0oo2.3

B. - 67 sanctions e8perts -- 1*o .onitor a 67 ar.s e.0argo against So.alia as 1ell

as sanctions against accused pirates and S*e0a0 )sla.ists -- sa% 5ace0oo2 *as despite repeated o44icial correspondence addressed to 5ace0oo2 )nc.' it *as ne+er responded to .onitoring group re9uests to discuss in4or.ation on 5ace0oo2 accounts 0elonging to indi+iduals in+ol+ed in *i:ac2ings and *ostage-ta2ing.; C. -67 sanctions e8perts *a+e co.plained to t*e 67 Securit% Council t*at 5ace0oo2 re4uses to ans1er 9uestions a0out s*ip *i:ac2ings suspected to 0e organi<ed on social .edia sites.; D. =*at pro+isional .easures can t*e 67 Securit% Council pro+ide t*e 67 sanctions e8perts> E. Does t*e 67 Securit% Council *a+e t*e po1er to co.pel 5ace0oo2 to di+ulge its users? in4or.ation 1it*out +iolating t*e rig*t to pri+ac% o4 said users> )). T*e 67 and its Securit% Council ,. Creation@C*arter o4 t*e 67 and selected ,rticles o4 t*e 67 C*arter related to t*e Securit% Council B. Po1ers and 5unctions o4 t*e Securit% Council (. Does it include t*e po1er to co.pel 5ace0oo2 to di+ulge in4or.ation o4 its users> 2. )4 t*e Securit% Council does *a+e t*e po1er' does it *a+e li.itations as e8pressed in t*e statute> ))). 5ace0oo2 and Social 7et1or2ing =e0sites ,. =*at is 5ace0oo2> Aistor% and e.ergence o4 Social 7et1or2ing Sites. B. 5ace0oo2?s Ter.s and Conditions (. 5ace0oo2?s Data 6se Polic% 2. 5ace0oo2?s State.ent o4 Rig*ts and Responsi0ilities

!. 5ace0oo2?s Pri+ac% Polic% )B. T*e 67 Declaration on Au.an Rig*ts ,. Rig*t to Pri+ac% B. Ot*er related rig*ts B. B). Cases M% position ,. 67 .ust go t*roug* t*e State 1*ere 5ace0oo2 is incorporated. B. Contractual rig*ts granted 0% 5ace0oo2 6ser ,gree.ent including t*e *u.an rig*t to pri+ac% cannot 0e +iolated 1it*out pressing need. C. T*e need 4or sa4eguardsC )ncorporate t*e standard o4 pro0a0le cause D. Lac2 o4 procedureC T*e need to adopt procedure a2in to searc* 1arrants. Bi0liograp*%C (D Ea*oo 7e1s' UN experts slam Facebook for Somalia sanctions silence F$ul% 20' 20(!' 2C"5 PMD' *ttpC@@p*.ne1s.%a*oo.co.@un-e8perts-sla.-4ace0oo2-so.alia-sanctions-silence(&("!#GG5.*t.l. 2D $ocel%ne Sa.0ira' Stabili%ing Somalia: a new c#apter begins' F$ul% 2 ' 20(!' PMD' *ttpC@@111.un.org@a4ricarene1al@.aga<ine@:anuar%-20(!@sta0ili<ing-so.alia-ne1-c*apter0egins.

3) Mar% Hi.ani' &ackling pirac$ off African s#ores' F$ul% 2 ' 20(!'

PMD' *ttpC@@111.un.org@a4ricarene1al@.aga<ine@:anuar%-200&@tac2ling-pirac%-a4rican-s*ores

4) =an:o*i Ha0u2uru' Somali pirac$: in searc# of reme'ies for a global mala'$' F$ul% 2 ' 20(!'
PMD' *ttpC@@111.un.org@a4ricarene1al@1e0-4eatures@so.ali-pirac%-searc*-re.edies-glo0al.alad% 5D Sec!rit$ (o!ncil exten's man'ate of monitoring gro!p for Somalia an' )ritrea F$ul% 2 ' 20(!' # PMD' *ttpC@@111.un.org@apps@ne1s@stor%.asp> 7e1s)DI"5"&2JCrIso.aliK.64S57tH(LT1. GD UN con'emns flow of arms in Somalia an' )ritrea' F$ul% 2 ' 20(!' # PMD' *ttpC@@111.n<*erald.co.n<@1orld@ne1s@article.c4.>cMidI2Jo0:ectidI(0&02&&0

7) Danes* Saroos*i' &#e Unite' Nations an' t#e *evelopment of (ollective Sec!rit$: &#e
*elegation b$ t#e UN Sec!rit$ (o!ncil of +ts (#apter ,++ Powers F(&&&D' pre+ie1 a+aila0le at *ttpC@@0oo2s.google.co..p*@0oo2s> idIG( M5ESB<N6CJprintsecI4rontco+erJsourceIg0sMat0K+IonepageJ9J4I4alse. #D Da+id Malone' &#e UN Sec!rit$ (o!ncil: From t#e (ol' -ar to t#e ./st (ent!r$ F200"D' pre+ie1 a+aila0le at *ttpC@@111.google.co..p*@0oo2s> *lIenJlrIJidIi11#*!E#MBMCJoiI4ndJpgIPR((Jd9I67OSecurit%OCouncilJotsI0nru:pOO 9PJsigIL=GgNl$CAD5cM%n!(1Lt4tE"=0#JredirMescI%K+IonepageJ9I67Q20Securit% Q20CouncilJ4I4alse.

&D 67 C*arter' F$ul% 2 ' 20(!' 5C!0 PMD' *ttpC@@111.un.org@en@docu.ents@c*arter@. (0D 67 Pro+isional Rules o4 Procedure FS@&G@Re+. D' F$ul% 2 ' 20(!' 5C!0 PMD' *ttpC@@111.un.org@en@sc@a0out@rules@. ((D 5ace0oo2/s Pri+ac% Polic% - 5ull Bersion' F$ul% 2 ' 20(!' #C(5 PMD' *ttpsC@@111.4ace0oo2.co.@note.p*p>noteMidIO!22(&""G5!00. (2D State.ent o4 Rig*ts and Responsi0ilities' F$ul% 2 ' 20(!' #C(5 PMD' *ttpsC@@111.4ace0oo2.co.@legal@ter.s. (!D 5ace0oo2 Data 6se Polic%' F$ul% 2 ' 20(!' #C(5 PMD' *ttpsC@@111.4ace0oo2.co.@a0out@pri+ac%@. ("D Eugenia Lope<-$acoiste' &#e UN (ollective Sec!rit$ S$stem an' its "elations#ip wit# )conomic Sanctions an' !man "ig#ts' F20(0D' a+aila0le at *ttpC@@111..pil.de@4iles@pd4!@.pun%0M0 Mlope<-:acoisteM(".pd4. (5D Bardo 5ass0ender' "eview )ssa$ 0!is 1!'icabit2 &#e Sec!rit$ (o!ncil3 +ts Powers an' +ts 4egal (ontrol3 F2000D a+aila0le at *ttpC@@111.e:il.org@pd4s@((@(@5(".pd4.

Title: Source: United Nations Security Council

Encyclopedia of Governance. Vol. 2. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Reference, 2007. p100 !100". #ro$ Gale Virtual Reference Library.

Document Type:
Contents

Or%an&'a(&on o)er)&e* eBook links:

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e+ook ,nde .&s( of ,llus(ra(&ons

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CO/0R,G1T 2007 Sa%e /u2l&ca(&ons, ,nc. Full Text:

UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL

The Secur&(3 Counc&l &s a pr&nc&pal or%an of (he 4n&(ed 5a(&ons 6457. 4nder (he UN Char(er, (he Security Council &s char%ed *&(h (he pr&$ar3 respons&2&l&(3 of (he $a&n(enance of &n(erna(&onal peace and secur&(3. The char(er also %&)es (he Secur&(3 Counc&l *&de po*ers under Chap(er V, (o use d&plo$a(&c $eans (o ass&s( (he par(&es of a d&spu(e (o resol)e (he&r confl&c( 23 peaceful $eans. ,n (he e)en( (ha( no peaceful reconc&l&a(&on &s poss&2le, Chap(er V,, of (he char(er also confers on (he Secur&(3 Counc&l (he r&%h( (o def&ne a 2reach of (he peace, (ha( &s (o na$e an a%%ressor, and (hereaf(er $o2&l&'e econo$&c sanc(&ons and, ul(&$a(el3, $&l&(ar3 force a%a&ns( an3 $e$2er s(a(e (ha( (he Secur&(3 Counc&l 8ud%es (o 2e a (hrea( (o &n(erna(&onal peace and secur&(3. The *&der 45 $e$2ersh&p of 192 coun(r&es a%rees (o accep( and carr3 ou( (he resolu(&ons

adop(ed 23 (he Secur&(3 Counc&l. ,n (h&s *a3, (he Secur&(3 Counc&l &s cred&(ed *&(h a un&:ue $oral and le%al au(hor&(3 &n (he pos(!19 " cons(ruc(&on of &n(erna(&onal order. The Secur&(3 Counc&l co$pr&ses f&f(een $e$2er s(a(es. #&)e are per$anen( $e$2ers, *h&ch ha)e occup&ed (he&r pos&(&ons s&nce (he found&n% of (he 45 &n 19 ". The per$anen( $e$2ers are: Ch&na, #rance, Russ&a, (he 4n&(ed ;&n%do$, and (he 4n&(ed S(a(es. Ten add&(&onal nonper$anen( $e$2ers are elec(ed 23 a re%&onal for$ula and ser)e a (*o!3ear (er$. The (en re%&onal $e$2ers are elec(ed fro$ f&)e %roups: f&)e fro$ (he Afr&can and As&an re%&ons co$2&ned, (*o fro$ .a(&n A$er&ca and (he Car&22ean, (*o fro$ <es(ern Europe, and one fro$ Eas(ern Europe. The Secur&(3 Counc&l opera(es under a ro(a(&n% pres&denc3. Th&s ad)ances $on(hl3 23 (he En%l&sh!lan%ua%e na$e of each $e$2er. The pres&denc3 &s respons&2le for call&n% and cha&r&n% all $ee(&n%s of (he Secur&(3 Counc&l dur&n% (ha( $on(h. The 45 Secre(ar3! General can also 2r&n% $a((ers (o (he a((en(&on of (he Secur&(3 Counc&l. Resolu(&ons adop(ed 23 (he Secur&(3 Counc&l are 2&nd&n% &n &n(erna(&onal la*. Al(hou%h (he char(er for2&ds (he 45 (o &n(erfere &n $a((ers of do$es(&c 8ur&sd&c(&on, (h&s pro(ec(&on does no( e-(end (o conduc( (ha( (he Secur&(3 Counc&l, ac(&n% under Ar(&cle =9, 8ud%es (o 2e a (hrea( (o &n(erna(&onal peace and secur&(3. The adop(&on of a resolu(&on 23 (he Secur&(3 Counc&l re:u&res a $a8or&(3 of a( leas( n&ne of (he f&f(een $e$2ers. 1o*e)er, each of (he f&)e per$anen( $e$2ers has )e(o po*er o)er (he adop(&on of an3 su2s(an(&)e resolu(&on 23 (he Secur&(3 Counc&l. The or&%&nal lo%&c of (h&s pro)&s&on *as (o l&$&( (he adop(&on of resolu(&ons and (he po(en(&al $&l&(ar3 co$$&($en(s en(a&led (o (hose (ha( had (he consensual suppor( of (he f&)e )&c(or&ous po*ers of (he 19 " se((le$en(. ,( *as also &n(ended (o pre)en( an3 one of (he$ fro$ us&n% (he $echan&s$ of (he 45 (o le%&(&$a(e a *ar on each o(her. The f&)e per$anen( $e$2ers also ha)e )e(o po*er o)er (he refor$ of (hese en(renched po*ers. An3 refor$ of (he 45 Char(er re:u&res a resolu(&on (o 2e adop(ed 23 (he Secur&(3 Counc&l and ra(&f&ca(&on 23 (he f&)e po*ers> cons(&(u(&onal processes. ,n (he case of (he 4n&(ed S(a(es, (h&s *ould re:u&re a )o(e of (he Sena(e. The a%%re%a(e use of (he )e(o fro$ 19 " (o 200 &s: 4SSR?Russ&a 120, 4n&(ed S(a(es 7@, 4n&(ed ;&n%do$ =2, #rance 1A, and Ch&na ". S&nce 1990, )e(o use has decl&ned dras(&call3. Con)en(&onal *&sdo$ ackno*led%es (ha( (he )e(o cul(ure of (he Cold <ar per&od pre)en(ed (he Secur&(3 Counc&l fro$ e$plo3&n% (he collec(&)e secur&(3 doc(r&ne as def&ned &n (he char(er. The Secur&(3 Counc&l *as &ns(ru$en(al &n or%an&'&n% (he defense of Sou(h ;orea 619"0B19"=7 due (o (he (e$porar3 a2sence of (he 4SSR fro$ (he counc&l. 4na2le (o a%ree on lar%e!scale $&l&(ar3 &n(er)en(&ons, (he Secur&(3 Counc&l d&d, ho*e)er, p&oneer (he (echn&:ue of 45 peacekeep&n% (ha( e)ol)ed as a $odes(, consensual (echn&:ue of con(a&n&n% re%&onal confl&c(s (ha( %rea( po*ers a%reed (o l&$&(. /eacekeep&n% forces *ere (3p&call3 d&spa(ched (o super)&se cease!f&res &n (he af(er$a(h of success&)e *ars &n (he C&ddle Eas( and Cen(ral and Sou(h As&a. ,n so$e cases, (he presence of 45 peacekeep&n% forces 2eca$e &ns(&(u(&onal&'ed o)er decades, such as (he&r presence &n Derusale$, ;ash$&r, and C3prus. S&nce 1990, and *&(h *&der suppor( fro$ (he Secur&(3 Counc&l $e$2ers, $an3 $ore a$2&(&ous peacekeep&n% $&ss&ons ha)e under(aken e-panded /a%e 100" E Top of Ar(&cle (asks &n c&)&l pol&c&n%, elec(&on super)&s&on, (rans&(&onal %o)ern$en(, and lon%!(er$ recons(ruc(&on. The poss&2&l&(3 of 45!endorsed $&l&(ar3 ac(&ons *as re)&)ed &n 1990. A se:uence of resolu(&ons *as adop(ed 2e(*een Au%us( and 5o)e$2er 1990, *h&ch %a)e clear

*arn&n% (o ,ra: of (he for(hco$&n% $&l&(ar3 ca$pa&%n (o res(ore (he so)ere&%n(3 of ;u*a&( &n (he Gulf <ar of 1991. Af(er 199 , (h&s 2r&ef per&od of consensus faded. The %enoc&de &n R*anda, &n 199 , *as an e-a$ple of (he $e$2er>s selec(&)e concerns and un*&ll&n%ness (o confron( do$es(&call3 dr&)en hu$an r&%h(s a2use. F&fferences 2e(*een (he per$anen( $e$2ers o)er +osn&a also l&$&(ed (he effec(&)eness of (he Secur&(3 Counc&l>s role. +o(h Ch&na and Russ&a *ere opposed (o (he e-(ens&on of 45 co$pe(ence &n(o c&)&l *ars. Thereaf(er, (he (hrea( of a Russ&an )e(o led (he 4n&(ed S(a(es and (he 4n&(ed ;&n%do$ (o use 5ATO au(hor&(3 (o conduc( &(s ca$pa&%n &n ;oso)o &n 1999. ,n 200=, (he 4n&(ed S(a(es, (he 4n&(ed ;&n%do$, and (he&r all&es *ere una2le (o secure e-pl&c&( rene*ed endorse$en( fro$ (he Secur&(3 Counc&l for (he&r ac(&ons &n ,ra:. The Secur&(3 Counc&l has onl3 2een refor$ed once, 23 enlar%e$en( fro$ (*el)e $e$2ers (o &(s curren( f&f(een $e$2ers &n 19@". Enlar%e$en( has 2een *&del3 d&scussed s&nce 1990, usuall3 &n (er$s of rees(a2l&sh&n% (he represen(a(&onal 2alance (o reflec( (he enlar%ed (h&rd!*orld $e$2ersh&p of (he 45. 1o*e)er, Dapan and Ger$an3 ha)e 2een *&del3 pro$o(ed as add&(&onal cand&da(es for per$anen( $e$2ersh&p &n )&e* of (he&r f&nanc&al con(r&2u(&ons (o (he 45. .ead&n% (h&rd!*orld cla&$an(s &nclude ,nd&a and +ra'&l. O(her $e$2ers ha)e ad)anced cla&$s on %rounds of popula(&on and re%&onal s(a(us. Enlar%e$en( &s (herefore con(ro)ers&al and pro2le$a(&c. The &ssue has also 2een l&nked (o (he refor$ of (he )e(o po*er. 5one of (he es(a2l&shed per$anen( $e$2ers &s *&ll&n% (o rel&n:u&sh or d&lu(e (h&s par(&cular s(a(us. Enlar%e$en( $&%h( crea(e (hree ca(e%or&es of $e$2ersh&p, *&(h (he ne* per$anen( $e$2ers no( ha)&n% )e(o po*ers.

Mark F. Imber See also 1u$an&(ar&an ,n(er)en(&on G /eace /rocess G Sanc(&ons G So)ere&%n(3 G 4n&(ed 5a(&ons Further Readings and References Fedr&n%, D. 620007. The secur&(3 counc&l. ,n /. Ta3lor H A. D. R. Groo$ 6Eds.7, The United Nations at the millennium 6pp. @1B997. .ondon: Con(&nuu$. Russe((, +., O>5e&ll, +., H Su((erl&n, D. 6199"7. +reak&n% (he Secur&(3 Counc&l res(ruc(ur&n% lo%8a$. Global Governance !617 @"BA0.
Source Citation 6C.A 7(h Ed&(&on7 I4n&(ed 5a(&ons Secur&(3 Counc&l.I "ncyclo#edia of Governance. Vol. 2. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Reference, 2007. 100 !100". Gale Virtual Reference Library . <e2. 1" Fec. 201=. Focu$en( 4R.
h((p:??%o.%ale%roup.co$?ps?&.doJ&dKGA.E L7CCM= 70200" =H)K2.1HuKphd&l&$anH&(KrHpKG/SHs*K*Has&dK7"d2de@cd@aa00227"ce12"7@fd21c2"

Gale Document Number: GA.EECM= 70200" =

Title: Source: Chapter VII of the UN Charter

Dictionary of Genocide. Sa$uel To((en and /aul R. +ar(rop. Vol. 1. <es(por(, CT: Green*ood /ress, 200A. p@@. #ro$ Gale Virtual Reference Library.

Document Type:

Top&c o)er)&e*

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.&s( of ,llus(ra(&ons

Copyright : /a%e @@

CO/0R,G1T 200A Sa$uel To((en and /aul R. +ar(rop Full Text:

Chapter VII of the UN Charter

Chap(er V,, spec&f&call3 reads as follo*s: NAc(&on *&(h Respec( (o Threa(s (o (he /eace, +reaches of (he /eace, and Ac(s of A%%ress&on.O Ar(&cle =9 under Chap(er V,, s(a(es (he follo*&n%: NThe PUNQ Security Council shall de(er$&ne (he e-&s(ence of an3 (hrea( (o (he peace, 2reach of (he peace, or ac( of a%%ress&on and shall $ake reco$$enda(&ons, or dec&de *ha( $easures shall 2e (aken &n accordance *&(h Ar(&cles 1 and 2, (o $a&n(a&n or res(ore &n(erna(&onal peace and secur&(3.O Ar(&cle 1 sa3s: NThe Secur&(3 Counc&l $a3 dec&de *ha( $easures no( &n)ol)&n% (he use of ar$ed force are (o 2e e$plo3ed (o %&)e effec( (o &(s dec&s&ons, and &( $a3 call upon (he Ce$2ers of (he 4n&(ed 5a(&ons (o appl3 such $easures. These $a3 &nclude co$ple(e or par(&al &n(errup(&on of econo$&c rela(&ons and of ra&l, sea, a&r, pos(al, (ele%raph&c, rad&o, and o(her $eans of co$$un&ca(&on, and (he se)erance of d&plo$a(&c rela(&ons.O Ar(&cle 2 reads s(a(es (ha(: NShould (he Secur&(3 Counc&l cons&der (ha( $easures pro)&ded for &n Ar(&cle 1 *ould 2e &nade:ua(e or ha)e pro)ed (o 2e &nade:ua(e, &( $a3 (ake such ac(&on 23 a&r, sea, or land forces as $a3 2e necessar3 (o $a&n(a&n or res(ore &n(erna(&onal peace and secur&(3. Such ac(&on $a3 &nclude de$ons(ra(&ons, 2lockade, and o(her opera(&ons 23 a&r, sea, or land forces of Ce$2ers of (he 4n&(ed 5a(&ons.O <ha( &s essen(&al &s (he need (o de(er$&ne &f, &n fac(, $ass&)e hu$an r&%h(s )&ola(&ons and?or ar$ed &n(ernal confl&c(s can 2e cons&dered (hrea(s (o &n(erna(&onal peace and secur&(3 and (herefore 8us(&f3 (he adop(&on of hu$an&(ar&an resolu(&ons 23 (he Secur&(3 Counc&l.
Source Citation 6C.A 7(h Ed&(&on7 IChap(er V,, of (he 45 Char(er.I $ictionary of Genocide. Sa$uel To((en and /aul R. +ar(rop. Vol. 1. <es(por(, CT: Green*ood /ress, 200A. @@.Gale Virtual Reference Library . <e2. 1" Fec. 201=. Focu$en( 4R.
h((p:??%o.%ale%roup.co$?ps?&.doJ&dKGA.E L7CCM2 1 001@1H)K2.1HuKphd&l&$anH&(KrHpKG/SHs*K*Has&dK9d 7@cd2@a7=f @@A@9@2Af9=d9@=21c

Gale Document Number: GA.EECM2

1 001@1

Security Council Legislation, Article 2(7) o the !" Charter, an# the $rinciple o Su%si#iarity

"&C'(LAS TSA)(!*&AS+
A%stract This article considers the relationship between the United Nations and its member states in view of the Sec rit! Co ncil"s assertion of le#islative powers. $t claims that the e%ponential #rowth in UN powers at

the e%pense of the powers of its member states cannot be arrested b! le#al means& beca se of the nat re of the UN s!stem and the absence of le#all! enforceable criteria and comp lsor! disp te' settlement mechanisms. (or this reason& it proposes a different approach to law'ma)in# in the area of international peace and sec rit! * one that is b ilt aro nd the principle of s bsidiarit!& as reflected in +rticle ,-7) of the UN Charter. The role of the principle of s bsidiarit! in this respect is to determine which a thorit! is best s ited to e%ercise le#islative power and how s ch power sho ld be e%ercised in order to attain the ob.ective of peace and sec rit! more efficientl!. $t is th s contended that the principle of s bsidiarit! promotes co'operative relations between the United Nations and its member states b! protectin# the latters" . risdictional a thorit! from nnecessar! interference. -/nline p blication + # st 01 ,022)