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Latin IA, Regents School of Austin Fall 2011 Exam Review Sheet Lessons 1-21 Vocabulary (n.b.

. macrons have been omitted) NOUNS aqua, aquae f., water insula, insulae f., island silva, silvae f., forest, woods via, viae f., road, way, street fama, famae f., report, fame familia, familiae f., family fortuna, fortunae f., fortune, luck puella, puellae f., girl terra, terrae f., earth, land vita, vitae f., life agricola, agricolae m., farmer carrus, carri m., cart, wagon equus, equi m., horse servus, servi m., slave cibus, cibi m., food copia, copiae f., supply, abundance cura, curae f., worry, care, concern forma, formae f., shape numerus, numeri m., number regina, reginae f., queen nauta, nautae m., sailor pecunia, pecuniae f., money unda, undae f., wave amicus, amici m., friend littera, litterae f., letter praeda, praedae f., loot, booty iniuria, iniuriae f., injustice, wrong, injury memoria, memoriae f., memory poena, poenae f., punishment, penalty provincia, provinciae f., province pugna, pugnae f., fight, battle victoria, victoriae f., victory filia, filiae f., daughter hora, horae f., hour disciplina, -ae f., training, instruction lingua, linguae f., tongue, language patria, patriae f., fatherland, country amicitia, amicitiae f., friendship gloria, gloriae f, glory gratia, gratiae f., gratitude, influence materia, materiae f., matter, timber casa, casae f., house socius, soci m., ally, comrade captivus, captivi m., prisoner cena, cenae f., dinner ager, agri m., field filius, fili m., son magister, magistri m., teacher puer, pueri m., boy vir, viri m., man, hero animus, animi m., mind, courage, spirit colonus, coloni m., settler, colonist annus, anni m., year barbarus, barbari m., foreigner, barbarian castra, castrorum n., camp consilium, consili n., plan, advice frumentum, frumenti n., grain praemium, praemi n., reward signum, signi n., sign, standard, signal arma, armorum n. arms, weapons auxilium, auxili n. help, aid bellum, belli n. war causa, causae f. cause, reason, case concordia, concordiae f. harmony dominus, domini m. master locus, loci m. (pl n.) place nuntius, nunti m. messenger officium, offici n. duty oppidum, oppidi n. town populus, populi m. people pretium, preti n. price templum, templi n. temple terminus, termini m. end, boundary ADVERBS non, not minime, no, not at all sic, yes, thus, so nunc, now ubi, where cras, tomorrow tum, then, next paene, almost semper, always ibi, there ubi, where, when CONJUNCTIONS et, and sed, but quod, because ADJECTIVES bonus, bona, bonum, good durus, dura, durum, hard magnus, magna, magnum, great, large, big parvus, parva, parvum, small, little longus, longa, longum, long multus, multa, multum, much novus, nova, novum, new, strange malus, mala, malum, bad clarus, clara, clarum, clear, famous planus, plana, planum, level, flat gratus, grata, gratum, pleasing, grateful meus, mea, meum, my, mine quintus, quinta, quintum, fifth tuus, tua, tuum, your, yours altus, alta, altum, high, tall, deep singuli, -ae, -a, one at a time, one by one amicus, amica, amicum, friendly liber, libera, liberum, free noster, nostra, nostrum, our sacer, sacra, sacrum, sacred barbarus, barbara, barbarum, foreign aequus, aequa, aequum, even, just, calm latus, lata, latum, wide publicus, publica, publicum, public pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum, beautiful verus, vera, verum, true, real, not false vester, vestra, vestrum, your, yours (pl.) VERBS amo, amare, amavi, amatus, love, like laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratus, work paro, parare, paravi, paratus, get, get ready, prepare porto, portare, portavi, portatus, carry specto, spectare, spectavi, spectatus, look (at), watch erat, was, there was, he/she/it was erant, were, there were, they were laudo, laudare, laudavi, laudatus, praise navigo, navigare, navigavi, navigatus, sail dono, donare, donavi, donatus, give, present to (as a gift) mando, mandare, mandavi, mandatus, entrust, give to (to keep safe) monstro, monstrare, monstravi, monstratus, point out, show to nuntio, nuntiare, nuntiavi, nuntiatus, announce, report to probo, probare, probavi, probatus, test, prove, approve incito, incitare, incitavi, incitatus, excite, stir up, incite occupo, occupare, occupavi, occupatus, seize (hold of) pugno, pugnare, pugnavi, pugnatus, firght servo, servare, servavi, servatus, save, guard augeo, augere, auxi, auctus, increase doceo, docere, docui, doctus, teach habeo, habere, habui, habitus, have, hold terreo, terrere, terrui, territus, scare, frighten maneo, manere, mansi, mansurus, remain video, videre, vidi, visus, see libero, liberare, liberavi, liberatus, free mereo, merere, merui, meritus, deserve, earn teneo, tenere, tenui, tentus, hold, keep moveo, movere, movi, motus, move voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatus, call

habito, habitare, habitavi, habitatus, live, dwell migro, migrare, migravi, migraturus, depart, migrate sum, esse, fui, futurus, be evoco, evocare, evocavi, evocatus, call out, summon accedo, accedere, accessi, accessurus, approach debeo, debere, debui, debitus, ought, owe maturo, maturare, maturavi, maturaturus, hasten ago, agere, egi, actus, do, drive, discuss, live, spend (time) cedo, cedere, cessi, cessurus, move (away from), retreat, yield, give way excedo, excedere, excessi, excessurus, depart

defendo, defendere, defendi, defensus, defend exspecto, exspectare, exspectavi, exspectatus, look out for, await mitto, mittere, misi, missus, let go, send pono, ponere, posui, positus, put, place capio, capere, cepi, captus, take, seize accipio, accipere, accepi, acceptus, receive facio, facere, feci, factus, do, make munio, munire, munivi, munitus, fortify rego, regere, rexi, rectus, rule, guide venio, venire, veni, venturus, come invenio, invenire, inveni, inventus, find, come upon duco, ducere, duxi, ductus, lead, draw efficio, efficere, effeci, effectus, bring about, produce, effect

narro, narrare, narravi, narratus, tell, relate PREPOSITIONS ad + acc., to, toward, near in + abl., in, on a, ab + abl., away from, from de + abl., down from, from, about, concerning e, ex + abl., out from, from, out of in + acc., into, onto, to, against PRONOUNS quis, who quid, what ENCLITIC SYLLABLE -ne, (indicates a question) -que (enclitic), and

ENDINGS TO KNOW 1st and 2nd Declensions: used for nouns and adjectives 1st Declension (F) 2nd Declension (M) Singular Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative -a -ae -ae -am - Plural -ae -arum -is -as -is Singular -us/-er/-r -i -o -um - Plural -i -orum -is -os -is 2nd Declension (N) Singular -um -i -o -um - Plural -a -orum -is -a -is

Present, Future and Imperfect Tenses Present Stem = present stem all conjugations Sing. 1st person 2nd person 3rd person Helping Verbs -o -s -t Plur. -mus -tis -nt Sing. -bo -bis -bit 1st/2nd conj.

Future present stem 3rd/4th conj. Sing. -am -es -et Plur. -emus -etis -ent Plur. -bimus -bitis -bunt

Imperfect present stem all conjugations Sing. -bam -bas Plur. -bamus -batis

am, is, are, do, does

shall, will

-bat -bant past progressive, was, were

ENDINGS TO KNOW continued Perfect Tense: same for all conjugations including being verb sum, esse, fu, futrus Perfect Stem = 1st Person 2 Person 3 Person English
rd nd

perfect stem Singular -i -isti Plural -imus -istis

-it -erunt verbed, have/has verbed, did verb

NOUNS What are the cases for? o nominative subject, predicate nominative with a being verb o genitive translate as a possessive (equus puellae = the girls horse) OR as the object of the preposition of (copia aquae = a supply of water) o dative indirect object, translate as to/for (Monstrat litteras reginae = He shows the letters to the queen) o accusative direct object (receives the action of the verb), can also be used with the prepositions ad and in o ablative miscellaneous catch-all case, we have learned: 1. Means: by/with/through/by means of (Ex. 1Romani occupant Galliam pugnis. = The Romans occupy Gaul by means battles. Ex. 2 Puellae aquam carro portant = The girls carry water with a cart.) 2. with the prepositions ab or a, ex or e, de and in VERBS Verbs fall into four conjugations, which are distinguished by their infinitive endings: 1st Conjugation: am, amre, amvi, amtus 2nd Conjugation: vide, vidre, vd, vsus 3rd Conjugation: pn, pnere, posu, positus 3rd i Conj.: capi, capere, cp, captus 4th Conjugation: mni, mnre, mnv, mntus
1st Conjugation Present Singular 1st Person 2nd Person 3rd Person am ams amat Plural ammus amtis amant Future Singular amb ambis ambit Plural ambimus ambitis ambunt Perfect Singular amv amvist amvit Plural amvimus amvistis amvrunt

2nd Conjugation Present Singular 1st Person 2nd Person 3rd Person 3rd Conjugation Present Singular 1st Person 2nd Person 3rd Person 3rd io Conjugation Present Singular 1st Person 2 Person 3rd Person 4th Conjugation Present Singular 1st Person 2nd Person 3rd Person munio munis munit Plural munimus munitis muniunt Perfect Singular munivi munivisti munivit Plural munivimus munivistis muniverunt
nd

Future Singular vidb vidbis vidbit Plural vidbimus vidbitis vidbunt vd

Perfect Singular vdist vdit Plural vdimus vdistis vdrunt

Plural vidmus vidtis vident

vide vids videt

Perfect Singular posui posuisti posuit Plural posuimus posuistis posuerunt

Plural ponimus ponitis ponunt

pono ponis ponit

Perfect Singular cepi cepisti cepit Plural cepimus cepistis ceperunt

Plural capimus capitis capiunt

capio capis capit

Irregular Verb: sum, esse, fui, futurum (to be) Present Singular 1st Person 2nd Person 3rd Person sum es est Plural sumus estis sunt ero eris erit

Future Singular Plural erimus eritis erunt

Imperfect Singular eram eras erat Plural eramus eratis erant

VERB FORMATION Forming the Imperative In order to form the singular imperative, remove the re ending from the infinitive. To form the plural, add te. (n.b. vowel change for 3rd Conj.) 1st Conjugation port/portte 3rd & 3rd io Conjugation rege/regite OR cape/capite nd th 2 Conjugation vid/vidte 4 Conjugation ven, vente Forming the Perfect Tense (for ALL conjugations) In order to form the perfect tense, remove the - from the 3rd principal part. Then add the perfect tense verb endings (-, -ist, -it, -imus, -istis, -runt). ADJECTIVES An adjective must always agree with its noun in case, number and gender (but not necessarily the spelling of the ending). terra barbara foreign land agricola barbarus foreign farmer (agricola is a masculine 1st declension noun) consilium bonum good advice filiae nostrae our daughters nauta liber free sailor (nauta is a masculine 1st declension noun, liber ends in r in the masculine nominative singular) WORD ORDER IN LATIN Because the connections between Latin words in a sentence are shown by their endings, regardless of position, they can be shifted freely in a sentence without obscuring the relationship. However, for the sake of consistency, the regular order is as follows: The noun will generally come first, the verb generally last, each within its clause. o o o o Adjectives usually follow their nouns, but those indicating quality precede A genitive often follows its noun An indirect object will fall before the direct object The verb usually stands last. However, forms of the linking (being) verb are often placed in the middle of the sentence, as they would be in English

ASKING QUESTIONS IN LATIN When there is an interrogative pronoun/adverb: Quis ducit? Who is leading? Quid facis?

What are you doing?

To ask a yes/no question, add ne to the end of the first word: Egeruntne praedam ex provinciis? Did they carry loot out of the provinces? If the answer is expected to be yes, begin the question with nonne: Nonne dominus tuus est aequus? Your master is fair, isnt he? OR Isnt your master fair? OR surely your master is fair? APPOSTION A noun put in apposition to another merely adds new information about it. In Latin, the case of the two nouns will normally be the same: Roma, oppidum Italiae, erat pulchra. Rome, a town of Italy, was beautiful.

HISTORY, CULTURE & GEOGRAPHY Reread the following handouts: To Be A Roman Cha. 1 Roman Society all five pages Roman Map Workbook Cha. 3 Viae Romanae see Study Guides Unit I: Culture Oct. 2/3 Your notes on the Timeline we worked on during the presentations. You need to: Memorize dates of Monarchy, Republic and Empire. Know who ruled during each form of government Briefly describe each form of government Know the ten terms relating to Roman Society (see Chapter 1 Exercises) e.g. nobles, patrons, etc. Know who wore only a tunic; who wore togas. Understand the three-part names of upper-class men: praenomen nomen cognomen Be able to describe the relationship between patrons and clients Be able to describe how Romans built roads Know who Appius Claudius Caecus was Identify on a map: Italia Roma Capua (Spartacus gladiator school was located near here) Brundisium the islands: Sicilia, Corsica, Sardinia Via Appia (links Rome, Capua and Brundisium) Flumen Tiberis (the Tiber River)

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