TABLE 84

ISOTONIC VALUES
Substance
Alcohol, dehydrated
Aminophylline
Ammonium chloride
Amphetamine sulfate (benzedrine sulfate)
Antipyrine
Antistine hydrochloride (antazoline hydrochloride)
Apomorphine hydrochloride
Ascorbic acid
Atropine sulfate
Aureomycin hydrochloride
Barbital sodium
Benadryl hydrochloride (diphenhydramine hydrochloride)
Boric acid
Butacaine sulfate (butyn sulfate)
Caffeine
Caffeine and sodium benzoate
Calcium chloride 2H2 O
Calcium gluconate
Calcium lactate
Camphor
Chloramphenicol (chloromycetin)
Chlorobutanol (chloretone)
Cocaine hydrochloride
Cupric sulfate 5H2 O
Dextrose H2 O
Dibucaine hydrochloride (nupercaine hydrochloride)
Emetine hydrochloride
Ephedrine hydrochloride
Ephedrine sulfate
Epinephrine bitartrate
Epinephrine hydrochloride
Ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride (optochin)
Ethylmorphine hydrochloride (dionin)
Eucatropine hydrochloride (euphthalmine hydrochloride)
Fluorescein sodium
Glycerin
Homatropine hydrobromide
Lactose
Magnesium sulfate (optochin) 7H2 O
Menthol
Meperidine hydrochloride (demerol hydrochloride)
Mercuric chloride (mercury bichloride)
Mercuric cyanide
Mercuric succinimide
Methacholine chloride (mecholyl chloride)
Methamphetamine hydrochloride (desoxyephedrine hydrochloride)
Metycaine hydrochloride
Mild silver protein
Morphine hydrochloride
Morphine sulfate
Naphazoline hydrochloride (privine hydrochloride)
Neomycin sulfate
Neostigmine bromide (prostigmine bromide)
Nicotinamide
Penicillin G potassium

MW

46.07
456.46
53.50
368.49
188.22
301.81
312.79
176.12
694.82
544
206.18
291.81
61.84
710.95
194.19

147.03
448.39
308.30
152.23
323.14
177.47
339.81
249.69
198.17
379.92
553.56
201.69
428.54
333.29
219.66
376.92
385.88
327.84
376
92.09
356.26
360.31
246.50
156.26
283.79
271.52
252.65
396.77
195.69
185.69
292.82

375.84
758.82
246.73

303.20
122.13
372.47

0.70
0.17
1.08
0.22
0.17
0.18
0.14
0.18
0.13
0.11
0.29
0.20
0.50
0.20
0.08
0.25
0.51
0.16
0.23
0.20
0.10
0.24
0.16
0.18
0.16
0.13
0.10
0.30
0.23
0.18
0.29
0.17
0.16
0.18
0.31
0.34
0.17
0.07
0.17
0.20
0.22
0.13
0.15
0.14
0.32
0.37
0.20
0.18
0.15
0.14
0.27
0.11
0.22
0.26
0.18

23.3
5.7
36
7.3
5.7
6.0
4.7
6.0
4.3
3.7
10.0
6.6
16.7
6.7
2.7
8.7
17.0
5.3
7.7
6.7
3.3
8.0
5.3
6.0
5.3
4.3
3.3
10.0
7.7
6.0
9.7
5.7
5.3
6.0
10.3
11.3
5.7
2.3
5.7
6.7
7.3
4.3
5.0
4.8
10.7
12.3
6.7
6.0
5.0
4.8
7.7
3.7
6.0
8.7
6.0

Tf1%

Liso

0.41
1.9
0.10
4.6
0.64
3.4
0.13
4.8
0.10
1.9
0.11
3.2
0.08
2.6
0.11
1.9
0.07
5.3
0.06
3.5
0.29
3.5
0.34
3.4
0.29
1.8
0.12
8.4
0.05
0.9
0.28

0.30
4.4
0.09
4.2
0.14
4.2
0.12
1.8
0.06
1.9
0.14
2.5
0.09
3.2
0.11
2.6
0.09
1.9
0.08
2.9
0.06
3.3
0.18
3.6
0.14
5.8
0.11
3.5
0.17
3.7
0.10
3.8
0.09
3.6
0.11
3.5
0.18
6.9
0.20
1.8
0.10
3.6
0.04
1.7
0.10
2.5
0.12
1.8
0.12
3.7
0.08
2.1
0.09
2.2
0.08
3.3
0.19
3.7
0.22
4.0
0.12
3.4
0.11

0.09
3.3
0.08
6.2
0.16
3.3
0.06

0.11
3.2
0.15
1.9
0.11
3.9
(Continued )

TABLE 84
ISOTONIC VALUES (Continued)
Substance
Penicillin G Procaine
Penicillin G sodium
Phenacaine hydrochloride (holocaine hydrochloride)
Phenobarbital sodium
Phenol
Phenylephrine hydrochloride (neosynephrine hydrochloride)
Physostigmine salicylate
Physostigmine sulfate
Pilocarpine nitrate
Potassium acid phosphate (KH2 PO4 )
Potassium chloride
Potassium iodide
Procaine hydrochloride
Quinine hydrochloride
Quinine and urea hydrochloride
Scopolamine hydrobromide (hyoscine hydrobromide)
Silver nitrate
Sodium acid phosphate (NaH2 PO4 (optochin) H2 O)
Sodium benzoate
Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium bisulfite
Sodium borate 10H2 O
Sodium chloride
Sodium iodide
Sodium nitrate
Sodium phosphate, anhydrous
Sodium phosphate 2H2 O
Sodium phosphate 7H22 O
Sodium phosphate 12H2 O
Sodium propionate
Sodium sulfite, exsiccated
Streptomycin sulfate
Strong silver protein
Sucrose
Sulfacetamide sodium
Sulfadiazine sodium
Sulfamerazine sodium
Sulfanilamide
Sulfathiazole sodium
Tannic acid
Tetracaine hydrochloride (pontocaine hydrochloride
Tetracycline hydrochloride
Tripelennamine hydrochloride (pyribenzamine hydrochloride)
Urea
Zinc chloride
Zinc phenolsulfonate
Zinc sulfate 7H2 O

MW

Tf1%

Liso

588.71
356.38
352.85
254.22
94.11
203.67
413.46
648.45
271.27
136.13
74.55
166.02
272.77
396.91
547.48
438.32
169.89
138.00
144.11
84.00
104.07
381.43
58.45
149.92
85.01
141.98
178.05
268.08
358.21
96.07
126.06
1457.44

342.30
254.25
272.27
286.29
172.21
304.33

300.82
480.92
291.83
60.06
139.29
555.84
287.56

0.10
0.18
0.20
0.24
0.35
0.32
0.16
0.13
0.23
0.43
0.76
0.34
0.21
0.14
0.23
0.12
0.33
0.40
0.40
0.65
0.61
0.42
1.00
0.39
0.68
0.53
0.42
0.29
0.22
0.61
0.65
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.23
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.22
0.03
0.18
0.14
0.30
0.59
0.62
0.18
0.15

3.3
6.0
5.3
8.0
11.7
9.7
5.3
4.3
7.7
14.2
25.3
11.3
7.0
4.7
7.7
4.0
11.0
13.3
13.3
21.7
20.3
14.0
33.3
13.0
22.7
17.7
14.0
9.7
7.3
20.3
21.7
2.3
2.7
2.7
7.7
8.0
7.7
7.3
7.3
1.0
6.0
4.7
7.3
19.7
20.3
6.0
5.0

0.06
0.11
0.11
0.14
0.20
0.18
0.09
0.08
0.14
0.25
0.45
0.20
0.12
0.08
0.14
0.07
0.19
0.24
0.24
0.38
0.36
0.25
0.58
0.23
0.39
0.31
0.25
0.17
0.13
0.36
0.38
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.02
0.11
0.08
0.17
0.35
0.37
0.11
0.09

3.5
3.8
3.3
3.6
1.9
3.5
3.9
5.0
3.7
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.3
7.4
3.1
3.3
3.2
3.4
3.2
3.7
9.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
4.4
4.4
4.6
4.6
3.4
4.8
6.0

1.6
3.4
3.8
3.9
2.2
3.9

3.2
4.0
3.8
2.1
5.1
5.9
2.5

The values were obtained from the data of E. R. Hammarlund and K. Pedersen-Bjergaard, J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. Pract. Ed. 19, 39, 1958; J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. Sci.
Ed. 47, 107, 1958; and other sources. The values vary somewhat with concentration, and those in the table are for 1% to 3% solutions of the drugs in most instances. A
complete table of E and T f values is found in the Merck Index, 11th Ed., Merck, Rahway, N. J., 1989, pp. MISC-79 to MISC-103. For the most recent results of
Hammarlund, see J. Pharm. Sci. 70, 1161, 1981; 78, 519, 1989.
Key: MW is the molecular weight of the drug; E is the sodium chloride equivalent of the drug; V is the volume in mL of isotonic solution that can be prepared by
adding water to 0.3 g of the drug (the weight of drug in 1 fluid ounce of a 1% solution); T f1% is the freezing point depression of a 1% solution of the drug; and L iso is
the molar freezing point depression of the drug at a concentration approximately isotonic with blood and lacrimal fluid.