End of the Heian Period

Regents take more power Tax free estates to nobles Nobles overtaxed peasants Nobles formed private armies Poweful families fight for power

Ultimate victor is shogun

 Samurai those who serve

Bushido (way of the warrior) was samurai code of honor

complete loyalty to master courage

Powerful Families Fight for Power

Minamoto and Taira families battle for power Emperor was a Taira grandson Gempei War (1180-1185)
4

Minamoto Yoritomo
1st Shogun of Japan in 1192 Shogun = chief military ruler of all Japan

Yoritomos Bakufu (tent government)

Shogun in Kamakura is real power Emperor in Heian-kyo is ceremonial
9

Feudal Periods in the Middle Ages Nara Period ~700-794 Heian Period 794-1185 Kamakura Period Tokugawa Period 1185-1333 1600-1868
10

Shogun military and political leader of Japan daimyo samurai lords who provided Shogun with warrior in exchange for land samurai lower-ranking warriors who served their daimyo in exchange for small manors peasants lowest class; worked land for their lord
11

The Mongols Attack

Kublai Khan attacks Japan twice Bad weather (typhoons) repel Mongols both times

12

13

Results of Mongol Invasions

Feeling of Japanese unity and superiority (+) Large debt (from defending) (-) Increasingly poor samurai begin to question loyalty to shogun --> not fully paid after invasions --> land too divided among samurai Rebellion leads to new shogunate (dynasty of shoguns)
14

Uncertain Times
Ashikaga shogunate
Onin War (1467-1477) Japan disunified

destruction of Heian-kyo

15

Japans 3 Unifiers

16

Oda Nobunaga
Partial reunification of Japan Brutal warrior/leader 1st to use guns

17

18

Hideyoshi
Shrewd negotiator Ended social mobility Disarmed peasantry Failed invasion of Korea

19

Tokugawa Ieyasu
Patience Alternate attendance Family hostages Isolationism

20

Samurai "one who serves" 7-10% of population Farmers 70-80% of population Usually only tenants on land;quite poor despite relatively high social status Artisans 5% of population Merchants 5-10% of population Didn't actually produce "anything"; seen as a threat to feudal system.

21

Rise of the Merchant Class: REASONS

! Money

began to replace rice as the main medium of exchange. power/wealth steadily declined because of peace

! Samurai

Rise of the Merchant Class: RESULTS

! Merchants

wealth --> power ! Growth of cities (around castle towns) ! Growth of new art forms because of wealth