LINKERS There are four factors to consider when we need to use linkers in English. 1. 2. 3. 4. Possible combinations.

What can come after o before it? Sentence position. Where it goes in the sentence? Difference in meaning. Formality or informality.

When we want to introduce contrast, we use the following words. In spite of /despite (the fact that). Although /even though / though. However / nevertheless. Whereas.

Whats the difference between though, although, even though despite and despite of? Is simple. Although Even though Though Although, though, and even though are use as adverb clauses; remember a clause is a group of words that have a subject + verb. This three show contrast, thats mean, if we have a long sentence, the sentence has two clauses, one of them will have this adverbs marks in it, the other clause is an independent clause, this show contrast something very different from one clause to the other clause, so in one sentence we have contrasting ideas: the positive or negative, or something you think no happen, but really happens, very different from what we expect. Although the exam was difficult, I think I did well. I think I did well, though the exam was difficult. The exam was difficult. I think I did well though. Even though the exam was very easy, I failed. If the exam was easy I expect that I do very well, but a failed is a complete different result, thats why use even though, its a strong difference. + CLAUSE Link two ideas o clauses in the same sentence.

Despite In spite of

+ PHRASE

noun pronoun Ing- verb form

Despite and spite of are preposition and they are use with a phrase that is also a group of words but it doesnt need a subject and a verb, it can have a noun, pronoun or gerund. Also show contrast. They are and work in the same way. Despite his best efforts, the man just couldnt succeed. In Spite his best efforts . . . (its exactly the same meaning)

Though and although not have differences, though is a little more informal. We can use it in the middle or at the beginning of the sentence. The word EVEN shows that what follows is surprising, a stronger contrast give us emphasis. If the linker begin the sentence we need a comma after the clause. However Nevertheless (sin embargo) (sin embargo, no obstante) Link ideas in two different sentences or in different Paragraphs. ( sin embargo, no obstante)

Nonetheless

Is important to remember that this adverbial phrases go at the beginning of the second sentence, after a period or semicolon and followed by a comma. Money cant buy happiness. However, it makes life more comfortable. They can go at the end or in the middle of a sentence but are then separated by commas: Cant by happiness, however.

ADDING IDEAS. This type of linkers are use to give more information, add an extra idea or give emphasis. Are consider words transitions = bridge (two ideas are connected by a bridge). In addition (to) (is similar to and, also and too) Furthermore, (is often use after one or two sentences) As well as, ( means and or in addition to) Moreover Besides ( meaning addition) Another reason,

Are placed at the beginning of the sentence. Moreover is most formal, furthermore less formal and in addition (to) is the most common, these linkers go in the middle of a sentence, when we talk about the same topic or to join paragraphs. Any topic or essay you write, when give one example, two reason to work together, to support in a general topic we can use this linker. To play the piano well, you need a good memory; in addition you need a lot of time to practice. Yesterday I bought apples, soup, vegetables as well as many others things. Besides watching star Wars what else do you like to do? In addition to is following by a gerund. In addition to working during the day, she also works at night.