Frequency shifting repeaters

Application of the shifting concept in GSM 900

Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01

Contents

The frequency shifting concept Technical description Application in the field Site selection Frequency planing

Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01

Frequency Shifting

When use frequency shifting

At sites with poor antenna isolation installations with high path loss (>100dB) very long distance from dedicated BTS (40 km have been realised so far) in rural areas with low traffic and low population

Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01

Frequency Shifting

System overview

The original signal f1 from the BTS is shifted to the link frequency f2 in the BTS unit. Then it is transmitted and received by the remote unit. There it is shifted back to the original frequency f1. Due to the fact that the link frequency is inverted and not in the neighbour list, a mobile cannot log on the link frequency.

BTS

BTS Unit

Mobile

Remote Unit

Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01

Frequency Shifting

Example: Levels in a shifting system

Direct coverage antenna (BTS)

Link antennas high gain, high f/b ratio

Coverage antenna

Path loss 120 dB (distance ca. 25 km) (for GSM 900 MHz)

BTS

BTS unit

Remote unit

Link budget DL: BTS unit ERP=43dBm; level at remote unit antenna: -77dBm Gain remote unit: 100 dB; input signal: -67 dBm=> output +33dBm Link budget UL: remote unit input =-70 dBm; output: +30 dBm; ERP: +40 dBm level at BTS unit: -80 dBm; input signal: -70 dBm=> output: -20 dBm

Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01

Frequency Shifting

Shifting concept principle

Conversion Steps : Downconversion Filtering Upconversion (with Offset n*200 kHz) Offset is reversed after 2nd conversion

fin

fout=fin +/- n * 200kHz offset

fo1

fo1+/- offset

Synthesiser

Control of local oscillator frequency and offset, locally or remotely

Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01

Frequency Shifting

Frequency planning (1)

Aspects for coverage: Omni antennas can be used at remote unit for coverage Signal delay due to filtering: 11 - 12 Best solution: use dedicated sector or opposite BTS sector to avoid overlap

Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01

Frequency Shifting

Frequency planning (2)

At least 5 channels space between link and coverage channel. At least 3 channels below and above the link and coverage channels should be unused Multipath propagation should be avoided High gain narrow beam antennas should be used for the link to ensure best system performance In a two channel system the distance of the link channels should be different to the basic channels. The distance of a link channel to a original channel should not be same to the distance of the original channels p.e. if F1 of ch1 is 25 and F2 of ch1 is 35, neither F1 nor F2 of ch2 should be 15 or 45; and the distance of ch1 and ch2 should not be 10.

Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01

Frequency Shifting

Frequency spectrum

At least 20 dB down

Coverage channel

Other channel

Other channel

Other channel

Link channel

Max. the level of link and coverage channel

Note:

min. 5 channels space between link and coverage channel Best would be not to use 3 channels below and above link and coverage channel

Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01

Frequency Shifting

The BTS unit (MR351 BTS)

Frequency Range 890...915 MHz / 935...960 MHz Number of Channels: 2 Pout: + 33 dBm DL 5 dBm UL Gain: 50 dB min. DL 50 dB min. UL Noise Figure: 25 dB max DL 4 dB max UL Delay: < 6 s typ.

Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01

Frequency Shifting

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The remote unit (MR351 RU)

Frequency Range 890...915 MHz / 935...960 MHz Number of Channels: 2 Pout: + 33 dBm min. Gain: 100 dB min. Noise Figure: 6 dB max. DL / 3 dB max UL Delay: < 6 s typ.

Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01

Frequency Shifting

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Other types

MR350 former type, now replaced by MR351

Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01

Frequency Shifting

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Block diagramm (DL)

Down-link channel of frequency shifting system. Note: frequency stability is very important for proper operation

Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01

Frequency Shifting

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Location of modules

2 2

1 1

2 2

Conversion Module Second Oscillator Second Oscillator

Conversion Module

Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01

Frequency Shifting

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Donor BTS: Coupling the BTS unit

Antenna vs. directional coupler Significant for performance of both BTS and repeater system Levelling of BTS unit very important Take noise contribution into consideration

Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01

Frequency Shifting

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Block diagramm of BTS unit

The BTS unit is normally equipped for combined connection. However, for separated connection (UL/DL) the input duplexer may be omitted.

Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01

Frequency Shifting

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Block diagramm Remote Unit

The Remote unit is usually equipped with one RF connector for coverage antenna. Optionally a second RF connector with individual DL path may be equipped using air combining. Note that the two antennas have to be directed in the same direction as UL path is only received from one antenna.
Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01 Frequency Shifting 17

Levelling a shifting system

Antenna Isolation not the limiting factor Gain vs. dynamic range Gain of remote unit should not exceed path loss Gain of BTS unit should not exceed coupling loss

Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01

Frequency Shifting

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Operation & Maintenance

Standard ASCII User Interface O&M locally or remotely O&M remote Access through landline or wireless Modem O&M remote Facilities by Terminal Operation or automatically using OMC

Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01

Frequency Shifting

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Operation & Maintenance Local access

Connect VT 100 Terminal Connector Communication parameters: 9600 Baud 8 Data Bits 1 Stop Bit No Parity Use ASCII command set

Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01

Frequency Shifting

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Oeration & Maintenance GET commands

Interrogation of the Repeaters parameters Examples: GET Displays all Parameters GET CHNL Displays set Channels GET ATT Displays set Attenuation GET TIME Displays System Time

Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01

Frequency Shifting

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Operation & Maintenance Status Commands

Interrogation of the Repeaters Status Examples: STATUS Displays all Info STATUS TEMP Displays Temperature STATUS AMP Displays Amplifier Stat. STATUS PWR Displays Power Supply Status

Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01

Frequency Shifting

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Operation & Maintenance SET Commands

Setting the Repeaters Parameters Examples: SET CHNL Set Channels SET ATT Set Attenuation SET TIME Set System Time

Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01

Frequency Shifting

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Operation & Maintenance ACTION Commands

Perform certain Actions: Examples: STO SYNTH Store Synthesizer Status ALARMACKN Acknowledge Alarm manually BYE Log Out RES PW Reset Password

Connecting the Wireless World - 2004/01

Frequency Shifting

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