Mike Bahrman P.E.

, ABB Grid Systems, HVDC Power Transmission, October 26, 2011, Mexico City

Asynchronous Interconnections LCC, CCC, VSC, VFT

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Asynchronous Interconnections Topics

Application Technology

HVDC CCC VSC VFT

Project examples Station tour of Rapid City Potential Baja Norte application Discussion

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Asynchronous HVDC interconnections Back-to-back ties (or lines) across grid boundaries

Incremental interconnections between regions Controlled energy trade Shared reserves Increase diversity Improve reliability Enable mutual assistance and emergency support Isolate disturbances fire wall against cascading outages, alternative solution to too big to fail Application issues

Relative system strength Voltage stability Wind Generation System restoration

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Differences - HVDC Classic, CCC and HVDC Light

Function in converter station
Valves Connection valve-AC grid Filtering & reactive compensation DC smoothing AC system requirements Voltage Control
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Conventional HVDC Mission

Thyristor Converter transformer

CCC HVDC Rapid City

Thyristor

HVDC Light

IGBT

Converter Phase reactors transformer + (+ transformer) series capacitor 22% in filters + 15-30% in filters <10% in filters 35% shunt +35% in series capacitors capacitors Smoothing Smoothing DC capacitor reactor + DC filt reactor + DC filt SCC > 2x SCC>1.3x Converter rating Converter rating Filter + cap bank switching Filter switch + series cap load Dead load or wind plant possible Continuous & dynamic

Transfer capability Voltage stability v relative system strength

HVDC LOW SCR

HVDC MED SCR

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Modular back-to-back CCC asynchronous tie

Improved stability for weak systems due to commutation capacitor Higher power for given location Simplified reactive power control Garabi: 4x550 MW Rapid City Tie: 2x100 MW Modular design for shorter construction time Least expensive, most efficient asynchronous tie technology for moderately weak system

HVDC Classic HVDC CCC

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HVDC versus VSC HVDC High level comparison

For the same power and voltage rating, HVDC with VSC is generally a little more expensive than conventional HVDC for the same configuration For high power with strong grid, relative cost differential is higher For back-to-back with strong grid, the cost differential is higher For lower power levels and / or for relatively weak ac systems, the cost differential is less or may even reverse Some applications are only possible with VSC Full load losses for conventional HVDC are about 0.7% per converter whereas those for VSC HVDC are about 0.9% Additional system benefits provided by VSC, e.g. voltage support Continuous overload of 15-30% adds 5-10% to station cost for both technologies, no inherent low ambient overload with VSC More up-side foreseen with HVDC Light

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Variable Frequency Transformer

Source: Variable Frequency Transformer A Simple and Reliable Transmission Technology, Paul Marken

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VFT as asynchronous interconnection Are networks decoupled?

V1/G1

Power flow

V2 /G2

What happens if there is a sudden bus voltage reduction on one side due to network event? What happens if there is sudden change in phase angle on one side due to contingency? What happens if there is a trip and reclosing attempt of radial ac lines? What is the impact of the high impedance on stability margin? What are the issues with wind plant interconnecting wind plant?

P
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V1 V 2 X 12

sin

(G 1  G 2 )

Brazil - Argentina Interconnection

Customer: CIEN Year of commissioning: 1999, 2002

Customers need

Enable Argentina (50 Hz) and Brazil (60 Hz) to utilize their electricity resources more efficiently and cost effectively

ABBs response

Turnkey 2,200 MW 140 kV ( 70 kV) HVDC back-to-back system (4 x 550 MW)

Customers benefits

The HVDC link enables competitive power providers to import and export power to take advantage of peaks and troughs in supply and demand between Brazils and Argentinas asynchronous networks

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Rapid City DC Tie US

Customer: Basin Electric Power Year of commissioning: 2003

Customers need

Interconnect the power system of eastern USA with the western system with a 200 MW back-toback HVDC station at Rapid City, South Dakota

ABBs response

A turnkey 2 x 100 MW HVDC back-to-back system with CCC

Customers benefits

The Rapid City DC tie will help to meet the increasing power demands in two asynchronous networks

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Sharyland Mission Asynchronous Tie US - Mexico

Customer: Sharyland Utilities Year of commissioning: 2007

Customers need

Integration of power markets Optimal utilization of differences in production and consumption

ABBs response

Turnkey 150 MW HVDC back-to-back system

Customers benefits

Provides low-cost power to a growing market Strengthens the local grids on both sides of the US-Mexican border

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Outaouais Canada
Customer: Hydro-Qubec Year of commissioning: 2009

Customers need

Raise transmission capacity between the two regions Qubec and Ontario

ABBs response

1,250 MW 175 kV HVDC back-to back station (2 x 625 MW)

Customers benefits

Gives Ontario access to emission-free hydroelectric power from Quebec that replaces fossil fuel sources Improved grid reliability in both regions

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Rio Madeira back-to-back, 2 x 400 MW Brazil

Customer: Abengoa group End user: Porto Velho Transmissora de Energia S.A. Year of commissioning: 2012

Customers need

Regional power need close to two new hydropower plants in the northwest

ABBs response

800 MW back-to-back station with CCC 2 x 400 MW CCC ESCR < 1

Customers benefits

Highly efficient power transmission Decoupling of a large generation area from a small local network.

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Rapid City Tie 200 MW asynchronous interconnection, HVDC CCC

Rated power: 2x100 MW DC voltage: 13 kV Transmission: Back-to-Back System voltage: 230 kV In operation: 2003 Schedule: 19 months Reactive: 60 MVAr E-W asynchronous interconnection Weak system operation

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High Pass Filter

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Operator Work Station

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Contented Neighbors

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Happy Customers

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How and where to interconnect Baja Norte?

MIGUEL (SDG & E) IMPERIAL VALLEY (SCE) MEXICALI SAN LUIS 588MW RIO COLORADO MW

( EPECO) AZCARATE ( EPECO) DIABLO

TIJUANA 353MW

(3)

ROSARITO 620MW ENSENADA 112MW

220MW (2) CPT CPU CPD ( 2 180MW ) 220MW SN. VICENTE 8

( PTECI ) ( PEEECo) SONOYTA PTO. PEASCO NOGALES AGUA PRIETA 64MW 21 SASABE ( 2 ) STA. CRUZ CANANEA (2) SANTA ANA 84MW 20MW NACOZARI 131MW P. E. CALLES 135MW

SAMALAYUCA (3) 316MW (2) NVO. CASAS GRANDES 107MW

CD. JUAREZ 475MW

SN. FELIPE 6 DE ABRIL 158MW ( 2 )

EAGLE PASS (CPL)

SN. QUINTIN

PIEDRAS NEGRAS 539MW RIO ESCONDIDO 1200MW CARBON II CUAUHTEMOC LAREDO 1400MW NAVA ( 2 ) (2) 124MW (CPL) FCO. VILLA (2) 399MW (2) AVALOS ( 2 ) NVA. ROSITA ( 2 ) ( 2 ) NVO. LAREDO PRESA FALCON HERCULES73MW CD. OBREGON (2) 149MW 234MW (2) CAMARGO HUITES (CPL) LAMPAZOS 422MW 183MW P. NUEVO ( 2 ) (2) FRONTERA (2) BROWNSVILLE ( 2 ) NAVOJOA MONCLOVA (2) FALCON (2) SANTIAGO 127MW (CPL) 208MW ( 2 ) 24MW 106MW (2) 31MW ESCOBEDO V. GARCIA EL FUERTE (2) (2) G. PALACIOANDALUCIA (2) 59MW 631MW (2) O.I. 230 KV (2) (2) MATAMOROS (2) 239MW BACURATO STO. LORETO REYNOSA (2) 196MW DOMINGO 5MW (2) (2) (2) 220MW RIO ( 2 ) LOS MOCHIS 92MW HUINALA BRAVO TOPOLOBAMPO 176MW LERDO (2) O.I. 230 KV SALTILLO MONTERREY 375MW 360MW 351MW PLAZA (2) 320MW VILLA 1775MW 918MW TORREON GUASAVE TEC CONSTITUCION (2) COMEDERO SUR 91MW NOLOGICO 5 56MW P. PRIETA II ( 2 ) 100MW (2) 9 112.5MW ( 2 ) HUMAYA DURANGO MONTE MORELOS 190MW II AGUSTIN LA PAZ 122 MWW CULIACAN 90MW OLACHEA 66MW CD. VICTORIA 285MW 65MWLA PAZ I (2) 101MW V. GUERRERO BLEDALES ( 2 ) (2) ALTAMIRA SANTIAGO MATEHUALA ( 2 ) 770MW 68MW EL HABAL OP.INC.230 KV MAZATLAN ZACATECAS TAMPICO 165MW RIO VERDE 281MW 402MW SAN JOSE 616MW 41MW DEL CABO CABO SAN LUCAS CD. VALLES 110MW 46MW SN. L. POTOSI (2) (2) 457MW 2.2 700MW AGUAMILPA AGUASCALIENTES 406MW 960MW (2) (2) ( 2 ) TEPIC 3.1 ( 2 ) LEON TUXPAN 113MW 326MW QUERETARO A. PRIETA 2100MW GUADALAJARA ( 3 ) ( 2 ) 422MW (2) 240MW POZA RICA EL SAUZ 424MW ( 2 ) 1328MW (2) IRAPUATOCELAYA 218MW 292MW (2) 127MW (2) 289MW 288MW 117MW 2.1 (2) (2) (2) 109MW (3) ( 2 ) ZIMAPAN S. BERNABE (2) PTO.VALLARTA ( 2QRO.POT ) MAZATEPEC DAU 87MW SALAMANCA TEZIUTLAN 189MW 866MW (2) 96MW MORELIA JALAPA 2.3 MAZAMITLA CARAPAN 170MW 86MW ( 2TLAXCALA ) CD. GUZMAN 213MW 226MW (2) 88MW AZUFRES PUEBLA (2) APATZINGAN 459MW 98MW MANZANILLO (3) 75MW 155MW D. GUERRACUERNAVACA 1900MW 338MW 1 84MW ( 2 ) (2) 6 HERMOSILLO 543MW (2) GUAYMAS 554MW 94MW (2) CHIHUAHUA 266MW

7 (2) PTO. LIBERTAD 632MW

MOCTEZUMA LA AMISTAD 66MW

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Interconnection of Baja Norte Questions and discussion points

Location

Baja end Sonora end US border (La Rosita and Tijuana)

Back-to-back or line Rating Relative system strength Expandability Integration of wind resources System restoration Technology Economics, O&M

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