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The severity of the shock received when a person becomes a part of an electric circuit is affected by three primary factors:
The amount of current flowing through the body The path of the current through the body The length of time the body is in the circuit.
Other factors that may affect the severity Of shock are the: Frequency of the current; Phase of the heart cycle when shock occurs General health of the person.
The effects of electric shock depend upon the type of circuit, its voltage, resistance, current,
pathway through the body, and duration of the contact.
Effects can range from a barely perceptible tingle to immediate cardiac arrest. There are no absolute limits or even known values that show the exact injury from any given
current.
A difference of less than 100 mA exists between a current that is barely perceptible and
one that can kill.
Muscular contraction caused by stimulation may not allow the victim to free himself or herself from
the circuit, and the increased duration of exposure increases the dangers to the shock victim.
For example, a current of 100 mA for 3 seconds is equivalent to a current of 900 mA applied for0.03
seconds in causing ventricular fibrillation.
A severe shock can cause considerably more damage to the body than is visible. For example, a person may suffer internal hemorrhages and destruction of tissues,
nerves, and muscles.
1 mA 1 mA
In addition, shock is often only the beginning in a chain of events. The final injury may well be from a fall, cuts, burns, or broken bones.
Electrical burns are the result of the electric current flowing through tissues or bone. Tissue damage is caused by the heat generated by the current flow through the body. Electrical burns are one of the most serious injuries you can receive and should be given immediate attention.
Arc or flash burns are the result of high temp. near the body and are produced by an electric arc or explosion. They should also be attended to promptly. Thermal contact burns are those experienced when the skin comes in contact with hot surfaces of overheated electric conductors, conduits, or other energized equipment.
Additionally, clothing may be ignited in an electrical accident and a thermal burn will result. All three types of burns may be produced simultaneously.
V=IR
V = electrical potential (volts) I = electrical current (amps) R = resistance (ohms)
Extension cords are approved for temporary use only. If extended use is required, hard wiring such as a new outlet should be installed. Power cords are doubly insulated and should be replaced if the outer layer of insulation becomes frayed exposing wires.
Overloaded Circuit
Another common way in which power cords can be overloaded is by plugging one power strip into another. All of the current drawn by any device plugged into any of the strips must flow through a single cord
Typical Transformer
Eyewashes should be located away from electrical devices and outlets. Outlets within six feet of a sink or other source of plumbing must be GFCI protected in order to minimize shock hazards. An unprotected outlet (non-GFCI) is illustrated above.
Transformers are potential sources of high voltage and may also contain polychlorinated biphenyls.
Surge Suppressors and GFCIs Lock Out/Tag Out Safety Rules First Aid Fire Fighting
Neutral Line In
A GFCI or ground fault circuit interrupter shuts off the flow of current upon sensing a fault condition such as an electrical shock. Switches quickly open in the GFCI device in order to prevent the shock victim from receiving a lethal amount of electricity.
A GFCI compares the amount of current I the hot conductor with amount of current in the neutral conductor
GFCI Use
Any outlet within 6 feet of a sink or other source of plumbing should be equipped with a GFCI. GFCI device may be located at a circuit breaker instead of an outlet. This arrangement allows several outlets to be protected with a single GFCI device.
A (GFCI) is an electrical device which protects personnel by detecting potentially hazardous ground faults and quickly disconnecting power from the circuit. Any current over 8 mA is considered potentially dangerous depending on the path the current takes, the amount of time exposed to the shock, and the physical condition of the person receiving the shock.
GFCI
1
The GFCI should trip
A fault current as low as 4 mA to 6 mA activates the GFCI and interrupts the circuit. Once activated, the fault condition is cleared and the GFCI manually resets before power may be restored to the circuit
Some things GFCI do not protect you from. from . A GFCI does not protect a person who comes in contact with two hot wires or any hot wire and the neutral wire wire. . A GFCI does not protect a person from feeling and reacting to shock
The Cord-Connected Type of GFCI is an attachment plug incorporating the GFCI module. It protects the cord and any equipment attached to the cord.
Because GFCIs are so complex, they require testing on a regular basis. Test permanently wired devices monthly, and portable-type GFCIs before each use. All GFCIs have a built-in test circuit, with test and reset buttons, that triggers an artificial groundfault to verify protection.
Electrical Fires
Dry chemical extinguishers (also know as ABC extinguishers) are approved for fighting electrical fires. The label indicates the type of extinguisher that is present. Electrical fires should only be fought if the situation is well in hand. If you feel uncomfortable fighting a fire, pull the alarm and exit the building.
ABC
Small Nozzle indicated on label
Protection
Using low (and safe) voltage Insulating and/or enclosing live parts. Preventing conducting parts not normally live from becoming live: by earthing and automatic disconnection of the supply . By double insulation . By separating the supply from earth By limiting electrical energy .
Power tools and extension cords must be inspected each time they are used. They must be taken out of service immediately upon discovery of worn or broken insulation.
Electrical panel boxes must be secured and problems reported immediately. Junction boxes, outlets, receptacles, and switches must be closed and problems reported.
Electric panels must be kept clear of any obstructions at all times. Storage is not allowed in electrical vault or service panel rooms. Find another place for storage of materials, products, etc.
If the power went out, and you needed to get to the electrical panel box breakers in this room, what could happen to you? Think about it carefully!