2006 Us Air Force Guide To Bare Base Development 104p

WWW.SURVIVALEBOOKS.
COM
AIR FORCE HANDBOOK 10-222, VOLUME 1 1 FEBRUARY 2006
GUIDE TO BARE BASE DEVELOPMENT
DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE
WWW.SURVIVALEBOOKS.COM
BY ORDER OF THE AIR FORCE HANDBOOK 10-222, VOLUME 1 SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE 1 February 2006 Operations GUIDE TO BARE BASE DEVELOPMENT NOTICE: This publication is available digitally on the AFDPO worldwide web site at: http://www.e-publishing.af.mil OPR: HQ AFCESA/CEXX (Lt Colonel Kent H. Nonaka) Certified by: HQ AFCESA/CEX (Colonel Thomas D. Quasney) Supersedes: AFH 10-222, Volume 1, 1 July 1996 Pages 113/Distribution: F This handbook is designed to assist planners in accomplishing tasks and responsibilities related to bare base preparation and development. It describes key construction and installation steps and provides a series of checklists to follow based on specific engineer responsibilities. When coupled with quality training and common sense, this handbook should provide a sound framework for managing establishment of a bare base operation. Note: Ensure that all records created as a result of processes prescribed in this publication are maintained in accordance with AFMAN 37-123, Management of Records, and disposed of in accordance with the Air Force Records Disposition Schedule (RDS) located at https://webrims.amc.af.mil. Chapter 1INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... 6 1.1. Purpose........................................................................................ 7 Figure 1.1. Typical Bare Base in Southwest Asia. ........................................... 7 1.2. Situation. ..................................................................................... 7 Table 1.1. BEAR Force Module Deployment Packages. ................................. 9 Table 1.2. Harvest Falcon Deployment Packages. ........................................... 9 1.3. Assumptions.............................................................................. 10
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 1.4. Threat. ....................................................................................... 10
Chapter 2ORGANIZING BEDDOWN FORCES ................................. 12 2.1. Organization.............................................................................. 12 Table 2.1. Command and Control. ................................................................. 12 Table 2.2. Logistics Support. ......................................................................... 13 Table 2.3. Fire Protection............................................................................... 13 Table 2.4. Utilities.......................................................................................... 13 Table 2.5. Engineering. .................................................................................. 14 Table 2.6. Explosive Ordnance Disposal. ...................................................... 14 Table 2.7. Structural/Mechanical. .................................................................. 14 Table 2.8. Electrical. ...................................................................................... 15 Table 2.9. Equipment. .................................................................................... 15 2.2. Specialized Skills. ..................................................................... 15 2.3. Multiskilling.............................................................................. 15 Chapter 3FORCE MODULES ................................................................ 17 3.1. Force Module Concept. ............................................................. 17 Figure 3.1. Force Modules. ............................................................................ 18 3.2. Movement of Bare Base Assets. ............................................... 19 Figure 3.2. Airfield Damage Repair Equipment. ........................................... 21 3.3. Stages of Development. ............................................................ 22 3.4. Initial Stage. .............................................................................. 22 Figure 3.3. Inspecting Airfield Pavement ...................................................... 23 Figure 3.4. Airman Operating an R-14 Refueling System. ............................ 23
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 3.5. Intermediate Stage. ................................................................... 25
Figure 3.5. Installing Water System Components.......................................... 25 Figure 3.6. Adjusting Expeditionary Power Plant Controls. .......................... 26 3.6. Follow-on Stage. ....................................................................... 28 Figure 3.7. Environmental Control Unit. ....................................................... 28 3.7. Sustainment Stage. .................................................................... 29 Chapter 4BARE BASE SITE PLANNING ............................................ 32 4.1. Site Planning and Layout. ......................................................... 32 4.2. Planning Factors........................................................................ 32 4.3. Facility Group Layouts. ............................................................ 33 Table 4.1. Safety Distance Criteria. ............................................................... 33 Figure 4.1. Facility Dispersal Pattern Template............................................. 34 Figure 4.2. Mobile Aircraft Arresting System................................................ 35 4.4. Utilities...................................................................................... 36 4.5. Organizational Layouts. ............................................................ 36 Chapter 5WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM .................................... 37 5.1. Water Sourcing and Distribution. ............................................. 37 Figure 5.1. ROWPU....................................................................................... 37 5.2. Water Production Equipment. ................................................... 37 Figure 5.2. Trailer-Mounted Bladder. ............................................................ 38 Figure 5.3. Onion Storage Tank. .................................................................... 38 Figure 5.4. Water Storage Bladder................................................................. 39 Figure 5.5. Above Ground Water Distribution Hoses. ................................... 39
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 5.3. Water Distribution Equipment. ................................................. 40
Chapter 6WASTEWATER OPERATIONS .......................................... 42 6.1. Wastewater Collection System. ................................................ 42 Figure 6.1. Expedient VIP Latrine on Forklift. .............................................. 42 Figure 6.2. Field Deployable Latrine. ............................................................ 43 Figure 6.3. Wastewater Disposal Trailer........................................................ 43 Figure 6.4. Evaporation Bed Under Construction. ......................................... 44 6.2. Installing Wastewater Systems. ................................................ 45 Figure 6.5. Stabilization Lagoon. ................................................................... 46 Chapter 7AIRFIELD OPERATIONS .................................................... 47 7.1. Airfield Upgrade and Support. .................................................. 47 7.2. Pavement Repairs...................................................................... 47 7.3. Parking Areas. ........................................................................... 47 Figure 7.1. Airmen Installing AM-2 Matting................................................. 48 7.4. Airfield Obstacles. .................................................................... 49 7.5. Revetments................................................................................ 49 Figure 7.2. Aircraft Revetment Erection. ....................................................... 50 Chapter 8ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION .......................................... 51 8.1. Electrical Distribution Systems. ................................................ 51 Figure 8.1. Typical MEP Generator. .............................................................. 51 Figure 8.2. MEP Generator Connected to SDC. ........................................... 52 8.2. Power Plants. ............................................................................ 53 Figure 8.3. MEP-12 Power Plant. .................................................................. 53
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006
Figure 8.4. Primary Distribution Center....................................................... 540 Figure 8.5. Airmen Connecting High Voltage Cables to SDC. ............................................................................. 54 Figure 8.6. Facility Distribution Panel. ........................................................ 551 8.3. Secondary Distribution. ............................................................ 55 8.4. Electrical Cable. ........................................................................ 55 Figure 8.7. Burying Electrical Distribution Cable.......................................... 56 Figure 8.8. Trench Requirements for Burying Power Cable. ......................... 57 Chapter 9BARE BASE FACILITIES .................................................... 58 9.1. Facility Erection ........................................................................ 58 Figure 9.1. BEAR Shipping Containers. ........................................................ 59 9.2. Shelters...................................................................................... 60 Figure 9.2. Small Shelter System. .................................................................. 60 Figure 9.3. Medium Shelter System............................................................... 61 Figure 9.4. General Purpose Shelter............................................................... 61 Figure 9.5. Expandable Shelter Container...................................................... 61 Figure 9.6. Aircraft Hangar. ........................................................................... 62 Figure 9.7. Frame Supported Tension Fabric Shelter..................................... 63 Chapter 10FORCE PROTECTION ....................................................... 64 10.1. Protective Shelters .................................................................. 64 10.2. Constructing Protective Shelters. ............................................ 65 Figure 10.1. Metal Culvert Shelter................................................................. 66 Figure 10.2. CONEX Container Shelter......................................................... 66 Figure 10.3. Timber Shelter. .......................................................................... 67
Figure 10.4. Soil Cement Revetment. ............................................................ 67 Figure 10.5. Timber and Soil Revetment. ...................................................... 68 Figure 10.6. Plywood Wall Revetment. ......................................................... 68 Attachment 1GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION ................................... 69 Attachment 2TYPICAL BARE BASE POPULATION......................... 84 Attachment 3TYPICAL RED HORSE TASKINGS ............................. 74 Attachment 4BARE BASE DEVELOPMENT TASK TIMELINES ...................................................................... 75 Table A4.1. Bare Base Development Task Timelines.................................... 76 Table A4.8. Water and Waste Task Timelines. .............................................. 83 Table A4.10. Electrical Task Timelines. ........................................................ 85 Table A4.11. Equipment Operations Timelines. ............................................ 86 Attachment 5SITE PLANNING AND LAYOUT CHECKLIST ..................................................................... 89 Attachment 6ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS CHECKLIST ....................... 91 Attachment 7WATER SYSTEMS CHECKLIST ................................. 94 Attachment 8WASTE SYSTEMS CHECKLIST .................................. 97 Attachment 9FACILITY ERECTION CHECKLIST .......................... 99 Attachment 10PAVEMENTS AND EQUIPMENT CHECKLIST ................................................................. 101 Attachment 11FIRE PROTECTION CHECKLIST ........................... 103
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION 1.1. Purpose. This handbook addresses actions necessary to effectively and efficiently establish and develop a bare base location using Basic Expeditionary Airfield Resources (BEAR) mobile assets. This includes resources coming into the inventory as new expeditionary equipment as well as resources in the older Harvest Falcon and Harvest Eagle packages. The handbook is meant to be used primarily by engineers responsible for initial beddown planning and execution at bare base and forward operating locations. Users of this booklet are assumed to have a basic knowledge of bare base assets and their use. AFPAM 10-219, Volume 5, Bare Base Conceptual Planning Guide, provides additional information on bare base planning. Also, refer to other handbooks in the 10-222 series, as well as applicable technical orders, for additional guidance on bare base assets. Figure 1.1. Typical Bare Base in Southwest Asia.
1.2. Situation. Historically, bare base force deployments under contingency or wartime conditions used a squadron of aircraft as a basic building block.
To reduce airlift requirements and the footprint of deployments, the Air Force developed a Force Module Concept using tailored force packages to accomplish expeditionary missions, and to allow a systematic presentation of capabilities. The purpose: to rapidly open an airfield, generate a specified sortie level, establish operational capability and conduct air operations. 1.2.1. Instead of configuring assets based on a squadron of aircraft, BEAR assets are configured to support populations in increments of 550 personnel with five types of prepackaged sets550 Initial Housekeeping, 550 Followon Housekeeping, Industrial Operations, Initial Flightline, and Follow-on Flightline. As additional personnel are deployed to the same location, additional sets are added. See Volume 2 of this publication series for additional information on the contents of the various sets. 1.2.2. While legacy Harvest Falcon and Harvest Eagle assets are being replaced through attrition, the Force Module Concept is already a reality. Harvest sets are covered in this handbook to provide continuity during the transition. Table 1.1 shows a beddown example using the BEAR force module packages to support up to 3,300 personnel and three squadrons of aircraft. For comparison, Table 1.2 depicts the mix of Harvest Falcon packages supporting the same population and aircraft squadrons. Keep in mind that BEAR packages can be tailored to specific need by including or removing optional equipment such as a self-help laundry, mobile aircraft arresting system, latrine pumper trailer, revetments, and cold weather assets.
Table 1.1. BEAR Force Module Deployment Packages.

One Squadron 1,100 Personnel BEAR BEDDOWN EXAMPLE Two Squadrons 2,200 Personnel 550I Housekeeping Set 550I Housekeeping Set 550F Housekeeping Set 550F Housekeeping Set Three Squadrons 3,300 Personnel 550I Housekeeping Set 550I Housekeeping Set 550I Housekeeping Set 550F Housekeeping Set 550F Housekeeping Set 550F Housekeeping Set Industrial Ops Set Initial Flightline Set Follow-On Fltline Set Follow-On Fltline Set
550 Initial (550I) Housekeeping Set 550 Follow-on (550F) Housekeeping Set
Industrial Operations Set Initial Flightline Set
Industrial Operations Set Initial Flightline Set Follow-On Flightline Set
Table 1.2. Harvest Falcon Deployment Packages.

HARVEST FALCON BEDDOWN EXAMPLE One Squadron Two Squadrons Three Squadrons 1,100 Personnel 2,200 Personnel 3,300 Personnel Housekeeping Set Housekeeping Set Housekeeping Set HouseHousekeeping Set keeping Set Housekeeping Set Industrial Operations Set Industrial Ops Set Industrial Ops Set Initial Flightline Set Initial Flightline Set Follow-On Fltline Set Initial Flightline Set Follow-On Flightline Set Follow-On Flightline Set
1.2.3. For purposes of this handbook, discussions will normally be predicated on a deployment with a base population of approximately 1,100 personnel. Attachment 2 shows a listing of the various base functions and associated populations expected at a bare base. It is not all-inclusive and variations should be expected; however, the listing provides a reasonable snapshot of
10
the personnel complement of a squadron-sized bare base deployment. All of these personnel will probably not arrive on the same day. Usually the flying operations personnel arrive early with the aircraft along with a sizable maintenance support element and portions of the combat support group function. The remaining base population, primarily mission support personnel, arrives over the next few days. 1.3. Assumptions. Certain assumptions must be made to provide a definitive scope and focus for the tasks addressed later. 1.3.1. Engineer tasks and priorities must permit combat sortie generation within 72 hours of engineer force arrival. 1.3.2. Airlift capability to the bare base location exists. 1.3.3. Sufficient quantities of construction and materials handling equipment will be available, although not always as early in the deployment as desired. 1.3.4. The bare base location could be subject to hostile fire. 1.3.5. Sufficient quantities of BEAR equipment are available to support the aircraft and population mix. 1.3.6. Individual organizations erect their own tents and shelters with limited technical support from CE personnel. 1.3.7. Climatic extremes are not being encountered, which force special actions such as installation of cold weather protection packages on bare base assets. 1.4. Threat. One of the first items of information engineers must obtain is the threat to the airfield to determine what type of survivability and vulnerability reduction measures will be required. In any environment, aircraft on the ground must be protected, airfield systems must be kept operational, and
11
logistics support must survive to ensure continual aircraft operations. The threat will also determine: 1.4.1. How individual facilities and facility groups should be configured, dispersed or non-dispersed. 1.4.2. Whether utility plants can be centralized or dispersed. 1.4.3. How much and what kind of protection will be required for parked aircraft. 1.4.4. Whether vulnerability reduction measures (facility protection, camouflage, or concealment) will be needed.
12
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Chapter 2 ORGANIZING BEDDOWN FORCES
2.1. Organization. Development of a bare base, while comprised of many tasks, is performed with one goal in mindquickly setting up an infrastructure to support aircraft operations. Employment of engineer forces to meet this goal must be similarly focused. One way to provide this focus is to concentrate engineer efforts and manpower on the main components of the BEAR mobile asset system. The following tables illustrate one way of organizing engineer forces for a 1,100-person bare base beddown; however, the number of personnel per team is subject to change. Table 2.1. Command and Control.
Responsibilities and Tasks Provide command and control to the engineer force. Set priorities and allocate resources. Operate command center, serve on base command staff. Direct workforce and provide on-scene coordination. Provide communication, planning and scheduling support. Perform liaison with other base agencies. Develop plans. Interface with higher headquarters and local agencies. Provide status reports. Coordinate EOD and chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear defense operations. AFS 32E3 3E000 3E090 3E291 3E391 3E591 3E651 3E671 3E490 8F000 3E971 3E951 3E871 Total Number of Personnel 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 16
13 Table 2.2. Logistics Support.
Responsibilities and Tasks Provide input for logistics plans and programs. Receive, separate, move, inventory, and maintain accountability for bare base assets. Establish and operate supply storage areas. Order materials and perform follow-up. Develop work-arounds for supply shortfalls. Maintain holding area for bare base assets and assist repackaging and redeployment activities.
AFS 3E651 2S051 2S071
Number of Personnel 2 3 1
Total
Table 2.3. Fire Protection.

Responsibilities and Tasks Provide aircraft rescue fire fighting support for a squadron of aircraft. Provide limited structural, munitions and petroleum, oils and lubricants (POL) fire fighting support. Operate fire department alarm center. Provide command and control. Develop pre-fire plans. Perform fire extinguisher servicing. AFS 3E731 3E751 3E771 3E791 Total Number of Personnel 7 11 5 1 24
Table 2.4. Utilities.

Responsibilities and Tasks Establish water points. Treat and haul initial water supplies. Layout and connect initial and long term water distribution systems. Set up and operate water plants. Establish expedient latrines. Set up field deployable latrines and shower/shave units. Install wastewater collection system. Operate sewage collection trailer. Erect and connect fuel bladders. Assist in installation of mobile aircraft refueling systems. Perform refueling operations for generators and boilers. Operate ice machines. Install grease traps. Connect water and sewer lines to facilities. Operate demineralized water and insect and pest control. AFS 3E431 3E451 3E471 3E432 3E452 3E472 3E453 3E473 Total Number of Personnel 4 9 3 1 1 1 1 1 21
14 Table 2.5. Engineering.
Responsibilities and Tasks Perform site surveys & determine layout of functional group areas, utilities & cantonment areas. Determine airfield clearance zones, arresting barrier locations, navigation aid (NAVAID) sites and revetment locations. Site roads and access ways. Lay out munitions areas & other areas requiring cut & fill operations. Layout chemical, biological, radiological & nuclear (CBRN) defense areas. Perform topographic surveys. Provide expedient designs & engineering guidance for utility installation. Provide input for engineering plans and construction programs. Provide engineering advice on hardening and air base defense construction efforts.
AFS 32E3 3E531 3E551 3E571
Number of Personnel 3 2 2 1
Total
Table 2.6. Explosive Ordnance Disposal.

Responsibilities and Tasks Provide command and control assistance. Perform evaluation, identification, render safe, and disposal actions for unserviceable munitions, unexploded explosive ordnances (UXOs) and improvised explosive devices (IEDs). Perform demolition operations. AFS 3E851 3E871 Total Number of Personnel 3 2 5
Table 2.7. Structural/Mechanical.

Responsibilities and Tasks Construct expedient facilities. Erect bare base assets. Install flooring and hardback tents. Construct grease traps, refuse collection boxes and forms. Mix and pour concrete. Install AM-2 matting. Modify existing facilities. Construct defensive positions and revetments. Install and maintain heaters, boilers, kitchen equipment, air conditioners, refer boxes, ice machines, water chillers, compressors, immersion heaters, decontamination units and water fountains. Assist in facility erection. Perform repackaging and redeployment actions. AFS 3E331 3E351 3E371 3E131 3E151 3E171 Total Number of Personnel 3 6 3 4 7 3 26
15 Table 2.8. Electrical.
Responsibilities and Tasks Install and maintain airfield lighting systems, static grounds, and area lighting. Install and maintain aircraft arresting systems. Install/ maintain mobile generators. Set up and operate power plants. Install grounding networks, fuel bladders and control panels. Layout and install above and below ground electrical distribution systems. Connect electrical service to distribution centers, facility panels and equipment. Perform redeployment and repackaging activities.
AFS 3E031 3E051 3E071 3E032 3E052 3E072 Total
Number of Personnel 4 7 2 2 4 1 20
Table 2.9. Equipment.

Responsibilities and Tasks Repair, maintain, and upgrade airfield pavements. Provide airfield sweeping operations. Clear base perimeter and airfield obstructions. Construct parking areas, pads and roads. Perform dust and foreign object damage (FOD) control. Perform grading, excavating and trenching operations. Construct and operate sanitary land fill and operate incinerators. Perform site preparation and leveling. Construct berms, revetments, defensive fighting positions and obstacles. Construct evaporation ponds, lagoons, and draining structures. AFS 3E231 3E251 3E271 Number of Personnel 3 6 3
Total
12
2.2. Specialized Skills. The previously described organization of civil engineer forces is just one of many that can be established for bare base taskings. It is predicated on the typical Prime BEEF team structure. For some work requirements, however, specialized skills and equipment will be necessary; in those cases RED HORSE forces are normally deployed to that location. A listing of typical RED HORSE tasks is included in Attachment 3. 2.3. Multiskilling. It must be emphasized that although personnel are generally organized around specialties and abilities, multiskilling is inherently
16
critical. Many tasks will require more than one skill for accomplishment and many more are not solely Air Force Specialty (AFS) unique. Requirements such as camouflage, concealment, and deception; dispersal site construction; hardening; revetment erection; facility erection, etc., will require more manpower than is provided by any one AFS. The main points to remember are to remain flexible and keep a mission perspective.
17
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Chapter 3 FORCE MODULES
3.1. Force Module Concept. The Force Module Concept is an integration of light and lean operational and support capabilities that are scaleable and flexible. The concept is made up of five modules that are not executed sequentially but rather overlap each other over time to build the capability to support operations. As shown in Figure 3.1, the modules are: open the airbase, command and control, establish the airbase, generate the mission and operate the airbase. 3.1.1. The first engineers on site will likely be assigned to Airborne RED HORSE, Contingency Response Groups, airfield assessment teams, or other small units responsible for specific initial assessment and repair tasks rather than overall beddown planning and execution. They will typically deploy with the open the airbase force module, complete their tasks, and then redeploy home to reconstitute or forward to open a different site. The BEAR 150 Housekeeping set contains a limited number of tents and support equipment for use by open the airbase forces and will typically be redeployed along with those forces. 3.1.2. Prime BEEF units tasked to beddown and sustain forces at a given site will deploy a two-person site planning team with the command and control force module, and the remainder of the tasked Prime BEEF forces with the establish the airbase module. The site planning team, UTC 4F9ES, consists of a field grade officer and engineer assistant from the primary tasked Prime BEEF UTC (e.g. 4FPEA) and deploys ahead of the rest of the team. These two people reunite with the primary UTC when it arrives.
18 Figure 3.1. Force Modules.
19
3.1.3. The 49th Material Maintenance Group (49 MMG) provides deployable teams to assist Prime BEEF and RED HORSE forces with deployment and redeployment of BEAR assets. The 13-person XFBJ1 Housekeeping Tech Supervision team provides expertise and training on housekeeping sets, while the 4-person XFBJ2 Large Structures Tech Supervision team does the same for BEAR aircraft hangars, dome shelters and other large structures. These teams are under operational control of the air component commander and tasked through the air component engineer to provide temporary force beddown or redeployment support as needed throughout the theater of operations. 3.1.4. The BEAR 550I Initial Housekeeping, 550F Follow On Housekeeping, Industrial Operations, Initial Flightline, and Follow On Flightline sets will be deployed with the establish the airbase and/or operate the airbase force modules, depending on logistic constraints and the sites required capabilities. To help the Prime BEEF team maintain accountability of these assets and establish resupply channels and reachback support, the 49 MMG also deploys a supply technician under UTC XFBKB, to be assigned to the deployed BCE. Refer to AFH 10-222, Volume 2, Guide to Bare Base Assets, and AFPAM 10-219, Volume 5, for detailed information on the contents and employment of the various BEAR sets. 3.2. Movement of Bare Base Assets. The proper flow of bare base assets into a contingency location is critical to establishing the airbase and generating the mission. Obtaining non-essential assets early in the logistics flow merely congests off-load areas, increases the potential for loss or damage to items, and does little to provide immediate mission capability. As users and installers of much of the bare base equipment, and in some cases planners for bare base contingency operations, civil engineers have a vested interest in, and responsibility for, influencing the flow of bare base equipment. Selection and time-phasing of BEAR assets for a given site is usually determined by the theater logistics (A4/LG) staff, with input from the civil engineer (A7/CE) staff. Engineers can influence the process by working with their unit-level logistics plans office and the theater civil engineer staff.
20
3.2.1. The BEAR assets that are generally transported first is the housekeeping set, followed by the industrial operations set, then the initial flightline support package (for a single squadron deployment). This sequencing ensures a rudimentary airbase infrastructure to support aircraft mission. Assets are usually airlifted to their final location, although in major contingency operations some assets could be sealifted. In overseas theaters, where bare base assets are sometimes prepositioned, over-the-road or rail movement may be used. 3.2.2. The order of deployment flow within each of the major packages has a direct bearing on how well the buildup of the base can progress. If planners are in a position to influence the flow of bare base assets to their installation, there are some key items they should normally attempt to obtain first. From within the housekeeping package, efforts should be concentrated on deploying the reverse osmosis water purification units (ROWPU), initial water distribution system, mobile electric power (MEP) generators, remote area light sets (RALS) and a couple of secondary distribution centers (SDC) initially. These assets should be followed by a reasonable amount of tentage and the electrical distribution system components. It is not good logistically to receive all tentage and environmental control units (ECU) up front since no one will be available to set them up, nor will there be utility service to support them. 3.2.3. From the industrial package, the first items received should include the water source lines, additional generators and initial shop facilities. The common use, multipurpose and admin facilities as well as the water loop system and air conditioners should arrive later. The initial flightline support package contains mostly aircraft maintenance related facilities and the maintenance community should determine their priority. Included in this package are the mobile aircraft arresting system and emergency airfield lighting set. Consider requesting these items be shipped up front with the ROWPUs and generators if the operational situation requires their use. 3.2.4. Vehicle sets have been established to provide base-wide transportation and construction capability to support BEAR beddown operations. A basic
21
bare base vehicle support package provides about 60 vehicles, mostly engineer and materials handling types. Other vehicle sets are added to this package as necessary. These additive packages include M-series vehicles, general purpose vehicles, tractor trailer sets, aircraft maintenance and support vehicles, and small quantities of airfield damage repair (ADR) equipment (Figure 3.2). All of these assets are usually shipped into deployment locations either from prepositioned stocks or major command (MAJCOM) assets. However, vehicle support will likely be a genuine limitation in day-to-day work efforts, at least initially. Most deployed general-purpose vehicles will not be earmarked for specific organizations; they support the entire base populace. Sharing vehicle assets will be a common practice. Figure 3.2. Airfield Damage Repair Equipment.
3.2.5. The using organization for special purpose vehicles is much easier to determine; however, do not expect to see a full complement of engineer heavy equipment arrive on the first day of deployment. Potentially, much of it might be sealifted to your location. See AFH 10-222, Volume 2 for a listing of the various bare base vehicle and equipment sets and a recommended engineer vehicle package (be sure to make your needs known to the board or agency responsible for base-wide vehicle allocation). If deployed to a location where an ADR capability is necessary, be prepared to ask for vehicle
22
packages that are adjusted to that requirement [tailor the basic bare base vehicle unit type code (UTC)]. 3.3. Stages of Development. There are normally four stages of bare base development. They are the initial, intermediate, follow-on and sustainment stages. Beddown tasks within these stages are generally prioritized as shown below. During the initial and intermediate stages most of the tasks to be accomplished will fall in the upper two priorities; once the follow-on stage is reached, tasks will shift more and more toward the lower priorities on the list. Although timeframes are given with the various stages, some task efforts will overlap stages because of their scope or manpower requirements. 3.3.1. Operational requirements. 3.3.2. Utility systems and services. 3.3.3. Transportation network. 3.3.4. Essential support facilities. 3.3.5. Other support facilities. 3.4. Initial Stage. During the initial stage of bare base development, engineer efforts are concentrated on accomplishing those tasks that are necessary to meet the requirement for combat sortie generation within 72 hours. These tasks (not in sequential order) include: 3.4.1. Establishing and developing water points. 3.4.2. Inspecting airfield pavements for serviceability and accomplishing expedient repairs and marking if required (Figure 3.3). 3.4.3. Hauling water from water points to purification site. 3.4.4. Establishing expedient field latrines.
23
3.4.5. Establishing basic water treatment plant (facility and purification/storage). Figure 3.3. Inspecting Airfield Pavement.
3.4.6. Verifying arresting barrier serviceability or installing mobile aircraft arresting system (MAAS). 3.4.7. Verifying airfield lighting serviceability or installing emergency airfield lighting set (EALS). 3.4.8. Providing site preparation support for NAVAIDs and mission critical facilities. 3.4.9. Assisting set up of R-14 refueling system. 3.4.10. Providing mission-essential power to critical facilities using mobile generators (up to 100 kW in size). 3.4.11. Setting up emergency security/area lighting. 3.4.12. Performing EOD inspection of the entire installation.
24
Figure 3.4. Airman Operating an R-14 Refueling System.
3.4.13. Preparing a site plan for the entire installation to include facility group, road and utility system locations. 3.4.14. Laying out facility groups and roads. 3.4.15. Starting layout and trenching for utility systems. 3.4.16. Grading of primary roads and access ways to major facility group areas. 3.4.17. Establishing basic base defense network. 3.4.18. Establishing a munitions holding area. 3.4.19. Establishing engineer supply points for receiving, sorting and releasing BEAR assets. 3.4.20. Setting up engineer command and control center and billeting/dining area. 3.4.21. Establishing a taxi/bus service to move work crews to and from work areas (vehicles will be in short supply).
25
3.4.22. Establishing alerting system and contamination control areas. 3.4.23. Establishing a fire protection capability. 3.4.24. Establishing 24/7 support for the airfield (sweeping and maintenance of airfield lights, MAAS, etc.). 3.4.25. Establishing CBRN monitoring points. 3.5. Intermediate Stage. During the intermediate stage of bare base development, emphasis is on erecting all BEAR facilities and placing utility systems in service. Some engineer manpower is devoted to system operations and maintenance. The thrust in this stage is to provide the ability for all base agencies and functions to establish basic operating capability within the first ten days of deployment. Engineer tasks (not in priority order) include: 3.5.1. Establishing fully functioning water plant(s). 3.5.2. Installing over-the-ground pipeline and pumps from water source to treatment plant (Figure 3.5). Figure 3.5. Installing Water System Components.
26
3.5.3. Laying out flexible hose water distribution system for initial water supply to latrines, kitchens and storage bladders. 3.5.4. Installing field latrines and shower/shave units. 3.5.5. Connecting facilities and systems requiring water to the flexible hose distribution system. 3.5.6. Establishing a waste collection capability using sewage collection trailers. 3.5.7. Starting above ground layout and connection of a hardwall water distribution system once basic softwall distribution system is in service. 3.5.8. Leveling of sites and constructing berms and dikes for POL storage areas. 3.5.9. Grading road network throughout installation. 3.5.10. Clearing hazards in airfield clearance zones, if necessary. 3.5.11. Constructing expedient berms for munitions storage area. 3.5.12. Expanding aircraft parking surfaces, if necessary. 3.5.13. Installing static grounds at fueling points, arming pads, hot cargo pads, maintenance areas, etc. 3.5.14. Establishing power plant(s) using the Deployable Power Generation and Distribution System (DPGDS) or the MEP-012A 750 kW generators. 3.5.15. Laying out and burying the high-voltage distribution cabling and connecting the primary and secondary distribution centers. 3.5.16. Connecting base facilities to power system as they are erected.
27
Figure 3.6. Adjusting Expeditionary Power Plant Controls.
3.5.17. Placing MEP generators into service as backup power to mission essential facilities once primary power is provided. 3.5.18. Installing grounding systems at munitions areas, electrical components, etc. 3.5.19. Erecting engineer maintenance and shop facilities. 3.5.20. Providing technical guidance to other base organizations on facility erection. 3.5.21. Starting construction of evaporation ponds/ stabilization lagoons as necessary. 3.5.22. Start sanitary landfill operation, if required. 3.5.23. Installing heaters in facilities. 3.5.24. Assisting other base organizations in moving BEAR assets from holding areas to site locations.
28
3.5.25. Increasing engineer supply point operations to include storage of BEAR shipping containers and engineer related BEAR equipment. 3.5.26. Establishing hazardous waste control areas. 3.5.27. Laying out and begin constructing aircraft revetments. 3.5.28. Clearing perimeter areas and expanding the base defense network. 3.6. Follow-on Stage. During the follow-on stage, final installation of BEAR assets takes place and survivability enhancements to the base are considered. Most of these types of tasks should be completed within the first 30 days. Engineer tasks (not in sequential order) for this stage include: 3.6.1. Burying of the hardwall water distribution system. 3.6.2. Installing ECUs in facilities (Figure 3.7). Figure 3.7. Environmental Control Unit.
3.6.3. Constructing aircraft and vehicle wash racks.
29
3.6.4. Installing the BEAR sewage collection system. 3.6.5. Connecting showers and latrines to the sewage collection system. 3.6.6. Connecting all facilities requiring water to the hardwall system. 3.6.7. Retrieving and repacking the softwall water distribution system. 3.6.8. Burying electrical distribution cables that were originally on the ground surface. 3.6.9. Establishing ice-making capabilities in water plant(s). 3.6.10. Building fixed defensive fighting positions around the base perimeter. 3.6.11. Building and placing obstacles supporting base defense requirements. 3.6.12. Modifying host-nation-provided facilities for US use. 3.6.13. Constructing basic personnel shelters for survivability purposes. 3.6.14. Siting and developing dispersal locations. 3.6.15. Performing camouflage, concealment, and deception activities with available resources (primarily netting). 3.6.16. Hardening critical facilities/utility nodes with revetments, sandbags and berms. 3.6.17. Preparing an emergency disposal range for EOD use in munitions destruction. 3.7. Sustainment Stage. When the sustainment stage begins, most BEAR asset support work has been completed and the engineers focus shifts to op-
30
erations, maintenance and upgrade activities. The extent of many of these activities will be predicated on the anticipated duration of the deployment this is a command decision that should be made early in the bare base operation. Typical engineer tasks during this period include: 3.7.1. Providing maintenance and repair support to BEAR assets and US used in-place facilities. 3.7.2. Providing essential services such as utility plant operation, refuse collection, airfield sweeping, fire protection, environmental protection, hazardous waste management, etc. 3.7.3. Upgrading roads using soil cement, asphalt paving or crushed stone. 3.7.4. Constructing flooring in non-critical facilities. 3.7.5. Establishing material stocks for potential base recovery efforts. 3.7.6. Developing contingency response plans for base recovery and natural disasters and writing accompanying checklists. 3.7.7. Establishing supply and services contracts with local vendors, as security considerations allow, for such things as refuse collection/disposal, sewage disposal, water supply, etc. 3.7.8. Developing contingency training and exercise programs. 3.7.9. Providing quality of life improvements such as increased square footage, additional air conditioning, hot water, etc. 3.7.10. Constructing basic recreational facilities. 3.7.11. Providing increased utility support to outlying and heavily populated areas.
31
3.7.12. Improving personnel protective shelters. 3.7.13. Increasing hardening features of base facilities. 3.7.14. Increasing security measures such as area lighting and fencing. 3.7.15. Constructing protective structures such as sun shades and wind breaks. 3.7.16. Replacing temporary pavement surfaces or repairs with permanent fixes. 3.7.17. Constructing permanent berms for munitions storage areas.
32
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Chapter 4 BARE BASE SITE PLANNING
4.1. Site Planning and Layout. Site planning and layout are critical initial tasks that set the stage for the entire bare base development operation. In a worst case situation where a true bare base is encountered, no existing facilities or developed utility systems will be available. The base will fully rely on incoming BEAR mobile assets. 4.1.1. The first steps in such a case should be to obtain the best threat estimate possible from the intelligence community, verify the anticipated base population and number of aircraft with the wing operations staff and conduct a quick exploratory trip around the installation to see terrain and topographic features. 4.1.2. From this information determine facility dispersal requirements, feasible locations and approximate sizes of facility groups. Also consider planning factors for aircraft parking aprons, utilities distribution (e.g. electrical and water), POL storage, etc. Refer to AFH 10-222, Volume 2, Attachment 2, and to AFPAM 10-219, Volume 5, Attachments 2, 13, and 15 for a more comprehensive list of facility planning factors and facility group layouts. 4.2. Planning Factors. All planning factors must be considered together in the initial planning since they often impact each other. For instance, remember to allow room in each of the facility groups for future expansion and force protection requirementsplacement and spacing of facilities will impact space available for construction of revetments and personnel bunkers. If these requirements are not accounted for initially, the result may be higher risk facility configurations or a requirement to relocate utility systems. Consult the theater engineer staff about command-specific force protection construction standards and the potential for follow-on aircraft squadrons or other mission beddowns.
33
4.3. Facility Group Layouts. Next, place these facility groups on paper (on a base map if available) to determine if everything can fit well and the munitions/POL/liquid oxygen (LOX) safety distance criteria can be met (Table 4.1). Attempt to build the overall facility group layout around a road network that provides easy access to various points on the flightline; since much of the initial base traffic will be operating from flightline locations. Also determine the locations for utility plants, stabilization lagoons and evaporation beds at this time. Ensure the locations of sewage lagoons are downwind from the base. For additional information on dispersal and safety separation distances, refer to AFMAN 91-201, AFPAM 10-219, Volume 5 and Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) 3-260-01. For information on force protection standoff and separation distances, refer to UFC 4-010-01 and AFPAM 10-219, Volume 6. Table 4.1. Safety Distance Criteria.
FACILITY GROUP AREASNON-DISPERSED Facility Group All areas except LOX, Munitions, and POL LOX Munitions POL All Areas Except LOX, Munitions & POL (feet) 150 1500 3150 2640 LOX (feet) 1500 3150 2640 Munitions (feet) 3150 3150 1800 POL (feet) 2640 2640 1800
4.3.1. Mark the locations of all large facilities, such as aircraft hangers, Frame Supported Tension Fabric Shelters or dome shelters on the base layout map and a representative sampling of the more common medium and small shelter systems. Provide an indication of the dispersal pattern (Figure 4.1) as a general template for the survey crews who will eventually stake out the facility groups.
34
Figure 4.1. Facility Dispersal Pattern Template.
4.3.2. Once the base layout plan is completed (should be within the first few hours after arrival), engineer survey crews must begin the sizable task of physically marking the locations of the various bare base assets. Use more than one crew and augment with other shop personnel (or base personnel) if necessary. If required, identify and mark the locations of the mobile aircraft arresting barriers (Figure 4.2) and airfield lighting components. A survey crew qualified in theodolite/transit operation is mandatory here.
35
Figure 4.2. Mobile Aircraft Arresting System.
4.3.3. Have crews initially mark the boundaries (corners and a few intermediate points if distances are long) of the various facility groups. Use markers that are relatively permanent (e.g. driven stakes) since they will become bench marks for starting the location marking of individual facilities and assets. Expedient survey methods are used during this process, for example, "walking off" distances, using vehicle odometers, or using a hand compass for turning angles. 4.3.4. Once facility groups are laid out, concentrate on locating individual facilities within each facility group. In smaller groups (e.g., aerial port, squadron operations, alert area, etc.), the location of all facilities can be pinpointed at one time. In large groups, such as the billeting complex, locate only a portion of the total requirement initiallydont get hung up on trying to locate positions of facilities for people who wont be arriving for a few days. These large areas can be marked after other more important operational portions of the base are completed. Use expedient survey methods for laying out individual facilities as well. Because individual facility layout is repeti-
36
tious with respect to distances between buildings, a couple of pieces of rope cut to the proper spacing intervals can be used as a quick and accurate way of measuring and locating facility positions. 4.4. Utilities. Plan the locations of water and electrical plants and distribution systems, in relation to facility siting, early in the site layout process. Site facilities and electrical secondary distribution centers (SDCs) to optimize both the number of facilities each SDC serves (more is generally better, up to a maximum of 12 with air conditioners or 16 without air conditioners) and the length of secondary cable runs (shorter is generally better, ideally no more than 150 feet). Coordinate plans with the shop superintendents and survey crews to optimize constructability, serviceability and speed of initial setup. 4.5. Organizational Layouts. Some functional areas will have sufficient expertise to site their own requirements. These organizations may also rearrange their facility sites to streamline their operations. This should not be a problem provided the implications to base wide utility service are considered. Communications (for NAVAIDS and communications equipment) and Security Forces (for fighting positions and obstacles) are prime examples. Let these groups do the initial siting of such requirements; just give them an engineering sanity check to ensure something isnt grossly wrong with the locations chosen.
37
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Chapter 5 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
5.1. Water Sourcing and Distribution. A priority-1 task when arriving at a bare base is to ensure the local water source is sufficiently developed to support the anticipated base population and projected mission. This entails several activities: establishing water points, setting up purification and treatment operations, setting up storage capability, running a temporary distribution network and installing a more permanent distribution system. Complicating the situation somewhat is the fact that the entire water distribution system package will likely not arrive at one time early in the deployment. The reverse osmosis water purification units (ROWPU) and an initial softwall water distribution set are usually the initial items received. Later on, additional assets should arrive to enable installation of a hard-wall loop system. A source run package consisting of pumps and piping is also available, if needed, to draw water from a natural source and pump it to the bare base. See T.O. 00-105L-2, 40W4-18-1 and T.O. 40W4-13-41 for additional information on water distribution and purification assets. Figure 5.1. ROWPU.
5.2. Water Production Equipment. Several concurrent activities supporting water production at a bare base must be started immediately upon arrival. Develop the source of water to allow pumping into transport bladders and
38
eventually pipelines. This could involve clearing a road to the source, setting up an expedient water intake system or even building a temporary dam to create an expedient reservoir. Once a suitable location is found and made usable, install and use raw water pumps to fill trailer-mounted bladders (Figure 5.2) or water buffaloes for transport to the site chosen for the water plant(s). Set up the ROWPUs along with the associated small operational storage tanks (Figure 5.3) as the water source location is developed. Figure 5.2. Trailer-Mounted Bladder.
Figure 5.3. Onion Storage Tank.
5.2.1. When setting up the ROWPUs, leave sufficient space to later install several 20,000-gallon water storage bladders (Figure 5.4). Water production is started as soon as possible. Be sure that crews installing MEP generators are aware of water plant location(s) and that power is provided when needed.
39
Also be sure that the brine discharge lines from the ROWPUs lead to an area that can accommodate a large volume of water or more ideally, back to the source itself. Once ROWPUs are in operation, dedicate manpower both for plant and pump operation and water hauling 24/7. While the plants and water sources are being established, another utilities crew lays out the above ground flexible hose distribution system (Figure 5.5) to key facilities requiring potable water. These include the kitchen, showers, latrine areas, laundry, hospital and selected shop facilities. Establish fill points for both potable and nonpotable water to support fire department and remote location requirements. Figure 5.4. Water Storage Bladder.
5.2.2. Begin upgrades and operational improvements after the remaining components of the water distribution system arrive. If received, install the source run additive package before the hardwall loop system to alleviate the requirement for constant hauling of water from the source to the treatment plants. The length of this line is limited to about two miles so keep this in mind when choosing water plant locations with respect to the source. Also be prepared to provide heavy equipment support for clearing and grading rightof-ways for the source line.
40
Figure 5.5. Above Ground Water Distribution Hoses.
5.3. Water Distribution Equipment. By the time the hardwall loop distribution package arrives with sufficient personnel available to start its installation, most of the bare base facility assets should be erected. The hardwall loop system incorporates most components of the flexible hose initial package. It is installed above ground first throughout the base. Try to minimize road crossings and when there is no alternative, ensure the pipeline is sufficiently protected (covered/buried) from vehicular traffic. Qualify several utility troops on backhoe/trencher to allow them to work independent of other shops. 5.3.1. If the decision is made that sustained operations will take place, the above-ground hardwall lines are buried after all other higher priority tasks are completed. Besides providing protection from damage, burying the pipelines decreases the heat gain from solar radiation. Experience has shown that water in above-ground pipelines can reach 160 degrees Fahrenheit.
41
5.3.2. The water bladders provided in the water production, initial distribution and standard package should be sufficient to provide a 5-day storage capacity for 1,100 people. These bladders should be allocated more or less evenly between water plants for dispersal purposes. About 60% of the bases water storage capacity should be dedicated to treated water; the remaining 40% can be untreated. 5.3.3. If the base receives ice machines (not the ones supporting the 9-1 kitchen), install them at one of the water treatment plants. These machines are meant to supply the base populace, e.g., work crews on the flightline or at remote locations and medical support requirements. Co-locate a 150-cf refrigeration unit with the ice machines to provide ice storage capability.
42
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Chapter 6 WASTEWATER OPERATIONS
6.1. Wastewater Collection System. Wastewater must be properly collected and discharged to maintain hygienic conditions throughout a bare base and prevent spread of disease. Initially, expedient methods are exclusively used since BEAR assets comprising the wastewater collection system will not arrive early in a deployment. Additionally, manpower will most likely not be available at the onset of a deployment to fully install the wastewater systempersonnel will be primarily tied up with establishing the water system. 6.1.1. From a wastewater collection perspective, the immediate need is to provide expedient latrine facilities for the initial personnel on the ground and those arriving over the first days of a deployment. This need is normally met by constructing urine soakage pits and ventilated improved pit (VIP), straddle trench, burnout or pail latrine facilities at base wide locations (Figure 6.1). Plan to rely solely on locally available materials for these facilities. Figure 6.1. Expedient VIP Latrine on Forklift.
6.1.2. When the BEAR field deployable latrines start to arrive, they are first set up in the cantonment areas where the maximum usage will occur (Figure 6.2).
43
Figure 6.2. Field Deployable Latrine.
6.1.3. If sufficient BEAR latrine units are available, they will replace the expedient ones constructed in the industrial and flightline areas of the base. Once expedient and BEAR latrines are established, personnel must be dedicated to periodic servicing of these facilities. The expedient latrines will require spraying and occasional closing and relocation. 6.1.4. BEAR latrines will require at least daily pumping using wastewater disposal trailers (Figure 6.3). If force protection considerations allow it, use contract support to service latrines. If force protection threats prevent use of contract support and their equipment inside the controlled perimeter of the base, try to find or construct an environmentally acceptable temporary wastewater holding area outside the perimeter. Wastewater may be transferred to the holding area by military personnel using wastewater disposal trailers, or via the BEAR wastewater collection piping. Even if a wastewater collection piping system is installed the requirement for expedient and standalone BEAR latrine servicing will likely continuelatrines in outlying areas (munitions area, for example) that are not connected to a main system due to distance or lack of pipe materials will likely remain in use. 6.1.5. Another immediate task necessary when establishing the bare base will be collecting and disposing of wastewater (greywater) from the laundry, kitchen and showers. This is normally accomplished by constructing evapo-
44
ration beds. Support is required from the heavy equipment shop for this task since it is far beyond hand-work. If heavy equipment has not yet arrived and there is no contract equipment support, look for natural depressions that can serve as temporary evaporation beds. Figure 6.3. Wastewater Disposal Trailer.
Figure 6.4. Evaporation Bed Under Construction.
6.1.6. Be sure to install grease traps in any lines running from the kitchen complex and show Services personnel how to clean and maintain these traps.
45
6.1.7. If the soil is very porous at the beddown location, use soakage pits for greywater disposalagain heavy equipment support is needed to prepare these. For facilities that only give off small quantities of greywater, French drains at each location might suffice. Where quantities of wastewater generated are too large for French drains and too small to warrant evaporation beds, consider using collection pit boxes (1,000-2,000 gallon capacity). These boxes must be pumped out occasionally using the wastewater disposal trailer. 6.1.8. Few bare bases will receive BEAR wastewater system components. Experience has shown that most Air Force deployment locations have local contractor capability for sewage disposal, and many have basic wastewater collection systems installed. Hard-wall wastewater collection systems will only be sent to barren and remote locations, and only if the duration of the deployment warrants its installation. 6.2. Installing Wastewater Systems. Installation of the system is relatively time consuming and extremely site specific in nature. Consider installing this system only if the deployment is expected to be over 60 days. By the time all components arrive and sufficient personnel are available to perform this task (probably 15-18 days into the deployment), the anticipated duration of operations should be known. 6.2.1. The first step for installing the system should be careful initial review of where it should be located. Remember, good base maps may not be available at first and most likely there wont be any topographic survey. Additionally, facilities may have been moved somewhat from the original plans and the location of any pipelines and proposed lagoons may have to be altered. Once this review is complete, make a field visit to all proposed pipeline routings to verify routings are indeed feasible, e.g., not running through a rock outcropping or overly high terrain. 6.2.2. The BEAR wastewater collection system is primarily a gravity flow system and this feature should be exploited whenever possible. Use the systems lift stations only when there is no other choice. After the system layout
46
is deemed suitable, start concurrently installing the pipeline and constructing the lagoonthese are both long term construction efforts. Heavy equipment operators are necessary for constructing the lagoon, but utilities personnel qualified in backhoe operation can do the excavating for the pipeline. Without using this multiskilling capability, installation time will probably increase or other heavy equipment related tasks will slip. If the system requires using lift stations, ensure a SDC is nearby for the electrical requirement for pump operation. 6.2.3. If able to discharge wastewater off base, construct stabilization lagoons (Figure 6.5). One lagoon about 125 feet square should be sufficient for a population of 1,100 personnel. Be sure to locate the lagoon downwind from the base. If not able to discharge wastewater off base, construct evaporation lagoons. Constructing evaporation lagoons requires considerable effort and considerable land area (up to several acres). The number of evaporation lagoons required depends on evaporation rates, base population and anticipated duration of deployment. See AFPAM 10-219V5 for additional information on lagoon planning factors. Figure 6.5. Stabilization Lagoon.
47
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Chapter 7 AIRFIELD OPERATIONS
7.1. Airfield Upgrade and Support. Many airfield related tasks are potentially necessary when establishing a bare base. Most tasks will require heavy equipment operators who will likely be stretched extremely thin throughout the initial beddown process. Additionally, many of the heavy equipment items needed may not be on the first series of incoming airlift sorties. When these items do arrive, be prepared to use them immediately; in the interim, work with the contracting officer to find local sources of heavy equipment and materials. 7.2. Pavement Repairs. Immediate requirements include expedient repairs to aircraft operating surfaces, pavement sweeping and cleaning, pavement marking and striping and site preparation for installation of NAVAIDs and arresting barriers. Pavement repairs during this initial period of beddown must be rapid in nature, e.g., compacted crushed stone, cold mix, quick set cements, etc. Come back later to make permanent fixes. The goal is to enable combat aircraft operations to commence by the end of the initial 72-hour window, sooner if possible. Plan on immediately dedicating equipment and personnel to around-the-clock airfield sweeping operations since there will be considerable aircraft and vehicular traffic on pavement surfaces as bare base assets are delivered, off-loaded and transported from ramp areas. Support for NAVAIDs includes clearing and leveling various sized areas for setting up mobile communications equipment. Normally these areas are not particularly large (2,500 sq ft or so), but plan on having to clear and grade vehicle access ways up to 1,000 feet long to these sites. 7.3. Parking Areas. After initial airfield operational requirements are met, concentrate efforts on aircraft parking pavement expansions (if required); requirements supporting aircraft servicing operations such as arming pads, grounding points and tie downs; and clearance of airfield hazards. Some parking pavement expansion requirements will be self-evident. In case of severe problems in expeditiously off-loading transport aircraft, additional
48
ramp space may be needed. Expanded parking areas can be constructed adjacent to existing aircraft pavements using expedient techniques such as graded and compacted earth, compacted crushed stone or AM-2 matting (Figure 7.1) over a compacted subbase. Figure 7.1. Airmen Installing AM-2 Matting.
7.3.1. Start these efforts as soon as problems are realized; otherwise a massive backlog of aircraft flows and serious congestion in material and asset movement on the ground could occur. Pavement expansion could also be required for parking of incoming deployed aircraft. Contact wing operations during the site planning process to identify the probable numbers of aircraft to be supported. Check with maintenance personnel concerning aircraft parking plans and, if more parking positions are needed, similar construction techniques to those used for ramp expansion can be employed. 7.3.2. Potential tasks in support of aircraft servicing operations include special pavement areas such as arm/dearm pads, hot cargo pads, quick turn areas, compass rose, wash racks, etc, along with the accompanying tie downs and static grounds. Sometimes existing pavements can double for some of these
49
requirements; however, if forced to provide these items be sure the safety distance criteria associated with them are maintained (arm/de-arm, hot cargo, etc). 7.4. Airfield Obstacles. At most bare bases there should not be many obstacles or hazards in the airfield clear zones, but if some exist, remove or at least mitigate them early on in the beddown process. Be especially observant of terrain features or obstacles that could affect wing tip clearance of wide-body aircraft. On the other hand, dont waste time attempting to remove items in the outer edges of the clear zones that produce minimal danger (a culvert head wall for example)in some cases accept the risk initially. Also check the shoulders of runways and taxiways and the grounds around and access routes to aprons and ramps for potential FOD-producing areas. Use a soil cement mix or an oil-based spray to help stabilize these areas. 7.5. Revetments. Contingency experience has shown that installation of aircraft revetments (Figure 7.2) is a major airfield support task for civil engineers. In all likelihood, manpower will not be available to start this task during the first few days of the deployment and the revetment materials probably will not be received until later on in the asset flow. However, some preliminary planning should be accomplished in preparation for this job. Identify the locations for the revetments and their configuration early and coordinate this information with the wing operations and maintenance communities. Also identify a source (on-base quarry or off-base vendor) for revetment fill material. Erection of revetments is normally a RED HORSE task due to the equipment and manpower requirements. Once revetment materials arrive and RED HORSE starts the revetment erection process, Prime BEEF forces may be tasked to assist.
50
Figure 7.2. Aircraft Revetment Erection.
51
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Chapter 8 ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION
8.1. Electrical Distribution Systems. Installation of the bare base electrical system is basically a two-phase approach. The first phase is to provide mobile electric power (MEP) using 60-100 kW generators (Figure 8.1) to those functions critical to initial base operation. The second and much more complex phase is to establish primary power plants and install the overall base electrical distribution network. It is advantageous to have several electrical personnel forklift qualified so these phases can be more expeditiously, independently and concurrently carried out. Additionally, use the multiskilling capabilities of all electrical and power production personnelat times certain tasks may be more than a single AFS can efficiently handle. Figure 8.1. Typical MEP Generator.
8.1.1. During the initial base planning and layout stages, locations for critical base facilities that require MEP support must be precisely identified. Typical of these facilities would be the wing command post, kitchen complex, water plant, squadron operations, communications, central security control and fire
52
department alarm center. The choice of which facilities receive MEP support is a local decision based on mission requirements. Involve the wing or base command sections in the process. After the facilities that are to receive MEP support are identified and located, electrical personnel must decide what size generator to use at the various locations. Since there will only be about nine MEP generators available for a 1,100-person package, secondary distribution centers (SDC) (Figure 8.2) will probably have to be used to allow establishment of multiple circuits from single generators. Try to place SDCs in positions where they can eventually be integrated into the primary distribution network without moving them to a different site. As the various facilities are erected, electrical personnel hook up the secondary service to the facility distribution panels and internal equipment when appropriate. Once MEP generators are on line, specifically designate personnel to accomplish operational checks, maintenance and refueling. Figure 8.2. MEP Generator Connected to SDC.
8.1.2. Anticipate that some MEP generators will have to be used as prime power for up to 10-15 daysit may take that long before all facilities are erected and the base electrical distribution grid is installed. 8.1.3. Ensure power plant operators keep accurate records of power plant meters (amperes per leg, kW, power factor, peak demand periods, etc.) for future analysis and consumption statistics. 8.1.4. Several remote area lighting sets (RALS) are included in the BEAR force modules. Most should arrive relatively early in the overall asset flow.
53
These units are connected to SDCs and are used for supporting area lighting requirements for such functions as aerial port offloading, aircraft maintenance, POL transfer and security of critical assets. Keep alert to the overall base build up and provide the RALS support as soon as these functions come on line. 8.2. Power Plants. Concurrent with installing the MEP generators, also set up the generators (DPGDS or MEP012A 750 kW) that comprise the main power plants (Figure 8.3). This effort includes placing generators, setting up and connecting fuel bladders, connecting control panels for remote operation, setting up and connecting primary distribution centers (Figure 8.4) and installing grounding systems. Following the base layout plan, other electrical personnel place SDCs at their required locations and begin connecting the SDCs to PDCs at the power plants (Figure 8.5). As facilities are erected, make secondary distribution connections between the SDCs and facility distribution panels (Figure 8.6) and the internal connections of equipment within facilities. Figure 8.3. MEP-12 Power Plant.
54
Figure 8.4. Primary Distribution Center.
Figure 8.5. Airmen Connecting High Voltage Cables to SDC.
55
Figure 8.6. Facility Distribution Panel.
8.3. Secondary Distribution. For planning and installation purposes, use the following rules of thumb regarding SDCs when environmental control units are utilized: 8.3.1. Limit the load on each SDC circuit to a max of 21 kVA. 8.3.2. Limit the total load on each SDC to 150 kVA. 8.3.3. Limit the number of shelters on a SDC to twelve. 8.3.4. Limit the number of SDCs on a single PDC output circuit to five. 8.3.5. Put no more than 30 SDCs on a single PDC. 8.4. Electrical Cable. Bury primary cable directly in the ground, 12 inches to 18 inches deep, with at least six inches of horizontal spacing between each cable. The BCE may make an operational risk management decision to leave
56
some or all of the high-voltage cable on the surface, if soil conditions or time and equipment constraints prevent its immediate burial. If that is the case, take other measures to mitigate the risk of personnel injury or damage to the cables. As a minimum, bury or otherwise protect cables crossing roads and high-traffic walkways. Bring the base onto the electrical grid in stages as the population increases and functional area activities dictate. Whenever the primary electrical grid can pick up the requirements served by the smaller MEP generators, reconnect these 60-100 kW units as standby backup power. Obviously, as the primary power plants are brought into service, devote a portion of electrical crews to plant operations and maintenance. 8.4.1. Once all major forces arrive at the bare base and the electrical system is fully functional, a portion of the electrical personnel should be detailed to bury all above-ground electrical lines (Figure 8.7 and 8.8) if it has been determined that sustained military operations will take place. Bury lines a minimum of 18 inches and keep accurate records of where cables are located. For more detailed information on power plant installation see AFH 10-222, Volume 5. Figure 8.7. Burying Electrical Distribution Cable.
57
Figure 8.8. Trench Requirements for Burying Power Cable.
58
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Chapter 9 BARE BASE FACILITIES
9.1. Facility Erection. Successful BEAR facility erection depends on several actions being carried out prior to and during the arrival of personnel at a bare base. Some of these actions are easy to control; others are not easily influenced. The ones easily influenced include the degree of training the base populace has had on erecting BEAR facilities (which could dictate the degree of involvement engineers will have in erecting other peoples facilities) and the order and timing of facility asset arrival at the bare base. Make the best of the situation; for purposes of this handbook, it is assumed that both of these actions are positive, e.g., the base populace is generally knowledgeable in facility erection and assets flow into the base in a reasonable manner. 9.1.2. It is doubtful that many people at a bare base will be able to easily identify all the various BEAR facility and utility components as they arrive. Consequently, engineer personnel will have to accomplish this task since it is an engineer responsibility to place most of these items in service (this drives a peacetime Prime BEEF training requirement of educating personnel on the various BEAR items). Designate some supply and operations personnel to act as asset expediters as the BEAR items arrive. These personnel will assist aerial port personnel in identifying equipment, arrange to have engineerrelated items moved from the ramp area to the job site or interim holding area and maintain some method of accountability so quantities on hand are known. If a supply representative from the 49 MMG is available (UTC XFBKB), they may be able to help identify BEAR assets as they arrive and maintain a log that records initial receipt and the intended location or end user for each asset. 9.1.3. Identify a reasonably large open storage area immediately upon arrival at a bare base for temporary engineer asset storage and eventual longer term storage for shipping containers. As facility and utility assets are off loaded, they should be separated by type of system or building and moved to the holding area or work site if needed at the time. Supply and operations per-
59
sonnel who are forklift qualified can assist with movement of items if necessary. Plan to have most bare base facilities delivered to the engineer holding area, then moved to their final location for erection by user personnel as they arrive. Make arrangements with base supply personnel to consolidate all the ship/store containers (Figure 9.1) once they are empty. If arrangements cannot be made early in the deployment, plan on initially storing these containers in the engineer holding area. Figure 9.1. BEAR Shipping Containers.
9.1.4. As assets are being off loaded from incoming aircraft or vehicles, site layout and site preparation should be well underway. Try to have enough heavy equipment operators on the job so as not to fall way behind the site layout crews. Obviously this tactic is dependent on equipment availability and the number of other heavy equipment tasks ongoing; however, the speed of facility erection is directly related to the degree of site preparation completed. Look to contract support to fill heavy equipment gaps. If the terrain is relatively level, the site preparation task should go faster; if terrain is irregular, size the heavy equipment support accordingly. As a rule of thumb during site preparation for facilities, the slope of terrain under the facility should not exceed 18 inches over the projected floor area.
60
9.1.5. As site layout and preparation are underway, begin a concurrent action of delivering assets to the job sites; plan on doing this with engineer forces. Have someone use the base layout plan and a general list of facility allocations to oversee this effort. 9.2. Shelters. Virtually all functional areas receive Small Shelter Systems (Figure 9.2) or TEMPER tents so delivery of these assets should be reasonably straightforward. On the other hand, Medium Shelters (Figure 9.3), General Purpose Shelters (Figure 9.4) and Expandable Shelter Containers (Figure 9.5) are unique to certain areas and must be apportioned carefully. For facility allocation, Attachment 2 provides an outline of what facilities are typically used to support various base functional areas. The final facility allocation will have to be determined by senior personnel locally. Make sure the base and wing command staffs are involved. Figure 9.2. Small Shelter System.
61
Figure 9.3. Medium Shelter System.
Figure 9.4. General Purpose Shelter.
Figure 9.5. Expandable Shelter Container.
62
9.2.1. Deliver facility assets as close as possible to final locations to prevent moving them later. Pick up empty ship/store containers when returning to the holding area after delivering assets. This keeps the base less cluttered and protects containers from damage or misuse. Remember; repack assets in these containers before leaving the base to prevent damage. 9.5.2. Large facilities, such as the aircraft hangar (Figure 9.6), dome shelter, and frame supported tension fabric shelter (Figure 9.7), are not erected by users, but rather RED HORSE squadrons or the 49 MMG from Holloman AFB. It is best to allow these organizations to handle the movement, unpacking, and erection of these larger facilities since they have the requisite training and skills. Limit activities to site layout and temporary storage of the assets. Figure 9.6. Aircraft Hangar.
63
Figure 9.7. Frame Supported Tension Fabric Shelter.
9.2.3. From an engineer aspect, a basic premise of bare base development is that users will erect their own facilities, thereby freeing engineer personnel for other, more critical beddown tasks. This does not mean that engineers provide no support at all for facility erection. Plan on having to erect all Medium Shelter Systems and GP sheltersthese are probably too complex for most base organizations to handle and training is not readily available. Plan to have a small cadre of personnel knowledgeable on Small Shelter System, TEMPER tent and ESC erection techniques available to assist the base populace. There will be occasions where untrained people will be faced with facility erection tasks and engineers must be prepared to offer supervisory and instructional guidance. However, do not encourage the base populace to attempt utility connections, as basic as they may be, to facilities. The potential for damage to system components and harm to both base personnel and electrical crews is too great.
64
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Chapter 10 FORCE PROTECTION
10.1. Protective Shelters. To make BEAR assets easier to install, lighter, and more mobile, some tradeoffs in survivability were allowed. Most BEAR facilities cannot withstand even small arms fire, let alone fused munitions detonation. This makes it imperative that personnel and asset protection be seriously considered at bare base locations, especially in high threat areas. In fact, in serious high threat areas, one of the first tasks might be digging foxholes and protective trenches for personnel protection. 10.1.1. BEAR packages include assets for aircraft protection, such as bin revetment kits. But, because of their weight, dont expect to receive these kits until well into the deployment timeline. In fact, they may even arrive by ship rather than air. Nevertheless, have all parking plans, revetment locations and configurations and fill material sources identified early. Start installing the kits as soon as they arrive. 10.1.2. After installation of all BEAR assets nears completion, attention should be turned to providing protective shelters for the base populace. This task should be a base-wide effort; it would take an inordinate amount of time for engineer forces to complete this work independently. For personnel bunkers and facility hardening, work through the Force Protection Working Group to develop an overall force protection construction strategy for the installation. The final strategy should reflect the commanders operational risk management decision on the optimum balance between risk of attack, risk of facility collapse and cost and time requirements to mitigate those risks. Developing such a strategy is a leadership challenge as much as it is an engineering challenge, since the base populace is likely to intuitively understand the risk of attack but may not appreciate the risk of under-engineered protective structures collapsing. Simple revetments and sandbag walls can provide effective protection against munitions and fragmentation traveling generally horizontally.
65
10.2. Constructing Protective Shelters. For protection against vertical threats, several types of structures can be constructed using general construction materials in above-ground, underground and cut-and-cover modes. As the base is being established, look for and store such items as 55-gallon drums, pieces of revetment material, structural steel shapes, timber and wood packing materials, ship dunnage, steel or precast concrete culvert sections, CONEX boxes, etc. Unserviceable aluminum matting or pallets may be readily available, but must be used with caution since they were not designed to support heavy loads over a large clear span. Do not use BEAR or Harvest ship/store containers for shelter components; they will be needed intact later on for reconstitution of assets. Refer to UFC 4-010-01, AFPAM 10-219, Volume 2, Chapter 4; and the theater engineer staff for additional guidance on protective construction. 10.2.1. Start constructing protective shelters in the more populated areas of the base, e.g., billeting areas, kitchen area and major flightline areas. Work within limits of available materials. Dont try to build large facilities that hold many people with building components that cannot withstand high static loads or do not lend themselves to structurally sound construction practices. Its better to construct several smaller shelters (for 10-12 people each) for dispersal purposes. 10.2.2. Plan on providing heavy equipment, welding support and technical instruction to units building their own shelters. In some cases, tools will be requiredtry to arrange for local sources of tools and hardware to allow for some breakage and loss. Develop simplified construction drawings for base units to follow and assist with facility siting to ensure drainage patterns are not disrupted or utility services damaged. Figures 10.1 to 10.3 show various protective shelters.
66
Figure 10.1. Metal Culvert Shelter.
Figure 10.2. CONEX Container Shelter.
67 Figure 10.3. Timber Shelter.
10.2.3. Protection of selected critical facilities and utility nodes should also be considered. It will be nearly impossible to quickly construct protective features for all candidate locations due to material, time or manpower shortfalls, so prioritize your requirements carefully. Look primarily at mission sensitivity. Consider protecting water and power plants earlywithout these utility services bare base operations will rapidly shut down. Also consider key SDCs, maintenance shops (ESCs) and command posts. Expedient revetments will be your primary hardening methodsand bag, timber, earth berm and soil cement (Figures 10.4 to 10.5). Figure 10.4. Soil Cement Revetment.
68
Figure 10.5. Timber and Soil Revetment.
Figure 10.6. Plywood Wall Revetment.
DONALD J. WETEKAM, Lt General, USAF DCS, Installations and Logistics
69
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Attachment 1
GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION References: AFDD 1-2, Air Force Glossary AFI 10-209, RED HORSE Program AFI 10-210, Prime Base Engineer Emergency Force (BEEF) Program AFPAM 10-219V2, Preattack & Predisaster Preparations AFPAM 10-219V3, Postattack & Postdisaster Procedures AFPAM 10-219V5, Bare Base Conceptual Planning Guide AFPAM 10-219V6, Planning and Sustaining Aerospace Expeditionary Bases AFH 10-222, V2, Guide to Bare Base Assets AFH 10-222V5, Guide to Bare Base Power Plant Installation AFH 10-247V1, Guide to Services Contingency Planning AFI 10-404, Base Support and Expeditionary Site Planning AFMAN 91-201, Explosives Safety Standards AFTTP 3-42.71, CONOPS for Expeditionary Medical Support (EMEDS) System UFC 3-260-01, Airfield and Heliport Planning and Design UFC 4-010-01, DOD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings Abbreviations and Acronyms ADRairfield damage repair AFCESAAir Force Civil Engineer Support Agency AFPAMAir Force pamphlet
70
AGEaerospace ground equipment BCEbase civil engineer BEARBasic Expeditionary Airfield Resources CBRNchemical, biological, radiological and nuclear CONEXcontainer express DPGDSDeployable Power Generation and Distribution System EALSEmergency Airfield Lighting System ECUenvironmental control unit EMEDSExpeditionary Medical Support EODexplosive ordnance disposal ESCexpandable shelter container GPgeneral purpose (tent) kVAkilovolt ampere kWkilowatt MAASmobile aircraft arresting system MEPmobile electric power MMGMaterial Maintenance Group NAVAIDSnavigational aids PDCprimary distribution center POLpetroleum, oils, and lubricants Prime BEEFPrime Base Engineer Emergency Force RALSremote area lighting set RED HORSERapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron, Engineer
71
ROWPUReverse Osmosis Water Purification Unit SDCsecondary distribution center SFsquare feet TOtechnical order UFCunified facilities criteria UTCunit type code UXOunexploded ordnance
72
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Attachment 2 TYPICAL BARE BASE POPULATION
FUNCTION Aviation Package Operations
PERSONNEL 33
TYPICAL FACILITY SUPPORT Small Shelters Medium Shelters Small Shelters Medium Shelters Small Shelters Dome Shelters Aircraft Hangars Small Shelters Small Shelters Small Shelters Small Shelters Aircraft Hangars Dome Shelters Medium Shelters Small Shelters Medium Shelters Small Shelters
Admin Maintenance
8 347
Supply Intelligence Medical Headquarters Acft Maint Additive
13 13 3 58 99
Munitions Maint
48
73
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Typical Bare Base Population (cont).
TYPICAL FACILITY SUPPORT Small Shelters Aircraft Hangars Medium Shelters Small Shelters Dome Shelters Small Shelters Dome Shelters Small Shelters Medium Shelters Small Shelters Small Shelters Small Shelters Small Shelters Small Shelters Small Shelters Small Shelters Small Shelters Small Shelters Small Shelters Small Shelters Small Shelters Small Shelters Small Shelters
FUNCTION Aircraft ADR
PERSONNEL 34
Supply
58
Transportation
45
Engineers
138
Intelligence Additive Fuels Weather Combat Camera Medical Postal Security Police OSI Information Mgmt Personnel Finance Base Operations Contracting MWRS
3 18 2 6 43 3 66 2 9 14 9 3 4 39
74
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Attachment 3 TYPICAL RED HORSE TASKINGS
A3.1. Emergency airfield lighting installation. A3.2. Erection of K-Span or similar storage facilities. A3.3. Construction of aircraft parking pavements, pads and ramps. A3.4. Erection of major earthwork revetments and bunkers. A3.5. Installation of expeditionary aircraft arresting systems. A3.6. Construction of paved roads and access ways. A3.7. Expansion and development of water sources. A3.8. Erection of modular and pre-engineered facilities. A3.9. Asphalt batch plant operations A3.10. Bare base setup. A3.11. Concrete batch plant operations. A3.12. Quarry Operations.
75
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Attachment 4 BARE BASE DEVELOPMENT TASK TIMELINES
Table of Contents TABLE A4.1. A4.2. A4.3. A4.4. A4.5. A4.6. A4.7. A4.8. A4.9. Page Development Timelines ............................................................ 85 Development Timelines (cont).................................................. 86 Development Timelines (cont).................................................. 87 Development Timelines (cont).................................................. 88 Development Timelines (cont).................................................. 89 Development Timelines (cont).................................................. 90 Development Timelines (cont).................................................. 91 Water and Waste Task Timelines ............................................. 92 Water and Waste Task Timelines (cont) ................................... 93
A4.10. Electrical Task Timelines ......................................................... 94 A4.11. Equipment Operations Timelines ............................................. 95 A4.12. Equipment Operations Timelines (cont) ................................... 96 A4.13. Equipment Operations Timelines (cont) ................................... 97
76
Table A4.1. Bare Base Development Task Timelines.
77
Table A4.2. Bare Base Development Task Timelines (cont).
78
79
80
81
82
83
Table A4.8. Water and Waste Task Timelines.
84
Table A4.9. Water & Waste Task Timelines (cont).
85
Table A4.10. Electrical Task Timelines.
86
Table A4.11. Equipment Operations Timelines.
87
Table A4.12. Equipment Operations Timelines (cont).
88
Table A4.13. Equipment Operations Task Timelines (cont).
89
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Attachment 5 SITE PLANNING AND LAYOUT CHECKLIST
__ 1. Are basic planning source documents available? a. AFPAM 10-219, Volume 5, Bare Base Conceptual Planning Guide b. Base Support Plan (if published/ applicable) c. Joint Support Plan (if published/ applicable) d. AFPAM 10-219, Volume 6, Planning and Design of Contingency Air Bases (formerly AFCESA Pamphlet 93-12, Volume 5) e. Base maps (if available) __ 2. Has Wing Intelligence been contacted to provide the latest threat estimate? __ 3. Has Wing Operations been contacted to provide verification on numbers/types of aircraft and base population to be supported? __ 4. Has an exploratory trip been made around the base to ascertain terrain features, land area available, locations of existing pavements, location of water source, locations of useable structures, etc? __ 5. Has the Wing Weather function been contacted to obtain germane climatic factors? __ 6. Has a decision been made concerning a dispersed versus a nondispersed layout? __ 7. Have areas unsuitable for facility layout been highlighted on the base layout maps? __ 8. Have all facility groups (e.g. maintenance, supply, engineer, transportation, etc.) been sized based on typical quantities of facility assets and appropriate spacing distances? __ 9. Have the facilities within each facility group been laid out with consideration given to utility system routings, i.e., reasonably straight runs and vehicle access ability?
90
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 SITE PLANNING AND LAYOUT CHECKLIST (cont.)
__ 10. Have feasible locations for all facility groups been identified taking into account their functional relationship with the base mission and other base organizations? __ 11. Has an allowance for future expansion been included in each facility group when appropriate? __ 12. Does the layout of all facility groups meet the safety distance/quantity distance criteria pertaining to munitions, LOX, and POL storage? __ 13. Has a road network been planned between facility groups that permits easy access and egress to and from the flightline? __ 14. Have utility plants been sited? __ 15. Have areas for construction of evaporation beds and sewage lagoons been identified downwind of the main base area? __ 16. Have areas for temporary disposal of waste and wastewater been identified pending completion of permanent lagoons and evaporation beds? __ 17. Have site layout maps been made for survey crews who will mark locations of facility group areas and individual facilities? __ 18. Have site layout crews been identified? __ 19. Have stakes or similar marking devices been obtained? __ 20. Have vehicles (if available) been identified for site layout crews? __ 21. Have site layout crews been briefed on how to accomplish their tasks and the timeframe they have to work within? __ 22. Do site layout crews have the surveying equipment necessary to layout the more complex requirements, e.g., the mobile aircraft arresting barrier? __ 23. If other functional areas participated in site layout of their facilities and equipment; have the chosen locations been checked for suitability, e.g., drainage patterns, safety distance criteria, airfield clear zones, etc?
91
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Attachment 6 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS CHECKLIST
__ 1. Has a holding area for temporary storage of incoming electrical system components been established? __ 2. Have mission essential facilities been identified and coordinated with the appropriate command elements? __ 3. Have the locations of mission essential facilities been identified? __ 4. Has a requirement for sustained operations at the contingency location been confirmed? __ 5. Has an initial estimate of the electrical loads of mission essential facilities been made to aid in sizing generators to the requirements? __ 6. Has vehicle/equipment support for moving electrical equipment to site locations been arranged? __ 7. Do all electrical installation crews have an individual capable of operating materials handling equipment? __ 8. Have SDCs been placed at locations where MEP generators can serve multiple mission essential facilities? __ 9. Have MEP generators been connected to mission essential facilities? __ 10. Have TF-2 light carts been operationally checked and allocated to critical flightline functional areas? __ 11. Have personnel been identified to perform routine maintenance and refueling operations on MEP generators? __ 12. Have electrical feeder schedules been developed based on the layout of the various base facility groups? __ 13. Have SDC circuits been sized to handle future air conditioning loads (if applicable)?
92
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS (cont.)
__ 14. Has a plan showing the layout of the electrical distribution system been developed? __ 15. Have locations for power plants been determined? __ 16. Have prime power generators (DPGDS or 750kW) been positioned at power plant locations? __ 17. Have fuel bladders been installed at power plant locations? __ 18. Have fuel bladders been properly bermed? __ 19. Have control panels been correctly connected to the prime power generators? __ 20. Have PDCs been placed and connected at power plants? __ 21. Have adequate grounding systems been installed at the power plants? __ 22. Have SDCs been allocated to and placed in the various facility groups in such a way that portions of the groups can be brought on line as facilities are erected? __ 23. Have SDCs been placed in areas accessible to vehicles yet not adjacent to heavy traffic or personnel flow? __ 24. Have SDCs been grounded? __ 25. Have the cables connecting the facilities, panel boxes, SDCs, PDCs initially been installed along the surface of the ground? __ 26. Have cables that cross roadways been adequately protected from damage by vehicle traffic? __ 27. Have facilities been brought onto the base electrical grid as soon as reasonably possible once electrical connections have been completed? __ 28. Have MEP generators serving mission essential facilities been placed in back up power mode once power plant electrical service was available?
93
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS (cont.)
__ 29. Have personnel been specifically designated to provide around-theclock power plant operation? __ 30. Have RALS units been installed at locations requiring large-scale area lighting? __ 31. If sustained operations are planned and the electrical system is fully functional in an above ground mode, have efforts been started to bury electrical cables? __ 32. Have accurate records/drawings been made of the locations of buried electrical cables? __ 33. Have power plant operators been informed of what plant operation records to maintain? __ 34. Have arrangements been made for power plant refueling?
94
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Attachment 7 WATER SYSTEMS CHECKLIST
__ 1. Has a holding area for temporary storage of incoming water system components been established? __ 2. Has the installations source of water been identified and located? __ 3. Has the water source been developed sufficiently to allow pumping? __ 4. Has vehicle/equipment support for moving water system components to site locations been arranged? __ 5. Have vehicles been identified for use in hauling water from source locations to treatment plants? __ 6. Have water trailers or bladders mounted on trailers been identified to support the water hauling requirement? __ 7. Have raw water pumps been installed at water source locations? __ 8. Have locations for water plants been determined? __ 9. Has the distance from the water source to the nearest treatment plant been limited to two miles or less? __ 10. Have ROWPUs been delivered to the water plant locations? __ 11. Have arrangements been made to have electrical power support readily available at the water plant locations? __ 12. Have personnel been assigned to set up ROWPUs and associated storage tanks and begin water production? __ 13. Have personnel been assigned to continuously haul water from the water source location to the water plants?
95
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 WATER SYSTEMS CHECKLIST (cont.)
__ 14. Have brine discharge lines from the ROWPUs been laid out to discharge brine back to the source or into a low-lying contained area? __ 15. Has sufficient space been allowed around the water treatment plants to permit installation of additional water storage bladders at a later time? __ 16. If demineralized water is required, has a 20,000-gallon water bladder been specifically identified for demineralized water storage? __ 17. Have key facilities (hospital, kitchen, etc.) requiring potable water been identified? __ 18. Has the layout of aboveground flexible hose from the treatment plants to key facilities requiring potable water been started? __ 19. Have hoses that cross roadways been adequately protected from vehicle traffic? __ 20. Have fill points for both potable and non-potable water been set up? __ 21. Has a reasonably level and clear path been made between the nearest water treatment plant and the water source? __ 22. Has the hardwall source line been installed between the water source and the nearest water treatment plant? __ 23. Have installation personnel verified in the field the planned locations of the hardwall distribution system for feasibility and practicability? __ 24. Do all utilities crews have an individual capable of operating trenching equipment or a backhoe? __ 25. Has the hardwall distribution system been initially installed along the ground surface? __ 26. Have pipelines that cross roadways been adequately protected from damage by vehicle traffic?
96
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 WATER SYSTEMS CHECKLIST (cont.)
__ 27. Have the additional water storage bladders provided as part of the hardwall distribution system been installed at the water treatment plants? __ 28. Have the storage bladders been installed so that approximately 60% of the storage capacity is dedicated to potable water? __ 29. Has a requirement for sustained operations at the contingency location been confirmed? __ 30. If sustained operations are planned and the water system is fully functional in an aboveground mode, have efforts been started to bury the distribution system? __ 31. Have ice machines and refrigeration boxes (if available) been installed at one of the water plants to supply general base needs? __ 32. Have accurate as-built drawings of pipe locations been made? __ 33. Have system shipping containers and the flexible hose initial distribution system been serviced and stored properly?
97
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Attachment 8 WASTE SYSTEMS CHECKLIST
__ 1. Has a holding area for temporary storage of incoming waste system components been established? __ 2. Have locations for construction of expedient latrines been identified? __ 3. Have personnel been identified to construct expedient latrines at all required locations? __ 4. Have the locations of BEAR field latrines been identified? __ 5. Has the potential of tapping into off base sewage collection systems been investigated? __ 6. Have locations downwind of the base been identified for stabilization lagoons and evaporation ponds? __ 7. Have areas for temporary disposal of waste and wastewater been identified pending completion of permanent lagoons and evaporation beds? __ 8. Have personnel been identified for servicing of expedient latrines? __ 9. Are personnel available who are qualified to operate the wastewater disposal trailer? __ 10. Has local contract support for waste disposal been investigated? __ 11. Have greywater lines from the showers, laundry, and kitchen been run to evaporation beds? __ 12. Have grease traps been installed in greywater lines leading from the kitchen? __ 13. Have services personnel been instructed in grease trap use? __ 14. Has a plan for the layout of the waste collection system been developed?
98
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 WASTE SYSTEMS CHECKLIST (cont.)
__ 15. Have installation personnel verified in the field the planned locations of the hardwall collection piping and lift stations for feasibility and practicability? __ 16. Are lift stations located near a source of electrical power (not MEP generator)? __ 17. Do utilities crews have personnel qualified to operate trenching equipment, back hoes and materials handling equipment? __ 18. Has a requirement for sustained operations at the contingency location been confirmed? __ 19. If sustained operations are planned and all required system components are on hand, have efforts been started to install the underground sewage collection system and construct stabilization lagoons/ evaporation ponds? __ 20. Have stabilization lagoons and evaporation ponds been sized for the anticipated base population and duration of deployment? __ 21. Have accurate as-built drawings of pipeline locations been made? __ 22. Have arrangements been made for continued servicing of latrines that are not connected to the collection system?
99
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Attachment 9 FACILITY ERECTION CHECKLIST
__ 1. Has a holding area for temporary storage of incoming facility assets been established? __ 2. Have selected engineer personnel been designated to identify and segregate engineer-related BEAR assets as they arrive? __ 3. Are some of the individuals selected to identify incoming assets qualified to operate materials handling equipment? __ 4. Has a method of asset accountability been established? __ 5. Has an allocation of facility assets been made to the various facility groups to be set up at the bare base? __ 6. Has command level (wing/base) agreement been reached on the asset allocation? __ 7. Has a site layout been made identifying locations of facility groups and representative types of buildings within the groups? __ 8. Have the specific locations of all dome shelters, frame supported tension fabric shelters and aircraft hangers been identified? Is the site preparation task underway and sufficiently manned so as not to delay facility delivery and erection? __ 9. Are facilities delivered to the erection sites or engineer holding area (as appropriate) when they arrive? __ 10. Has the capability for engineer personnel to assist in the delivery of facilities to erection locations been established? __ 11. Are facilities being delivered close to their final set up locations? __ 12. Have engineer shop and cantonment facilities been set up fairly early in the beddown process?
100
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 FACILITY ERECTION CHECKLIST (cont.)
__ 13. Have selected engineer personnel been designated to provide technical expertise to the base populace in erecting facility assets? __ 14. Have instructions been given to the base personnel erecting their own facilities concerning facility orientation and meaning of layout stakes/markers? __ 15. Are dome shelter, frame supported tension fabric shelter and aircraft hanger facility components being identified and set aside for RED HORSE or 49th MMG activities? __ 16. Have engineer crews been designated for all Medium Shelter and general use shelter erection? __ 17. Have engineer crews been identified to provide utility connections to facilities once facilities are erected and utility services are in place? __ 18. Are shipping containers being collected and stored in the holding area once they are empty?
101
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Attachment 10 PAVEMENTS AND EQUIPMENT CHECKLIST
__ 1. Have contract options been investigated for obtaining and/or augmenting heavy equipment assets? __ 2. Have heavy equipment assets been thoroughly checked for serviceability upon arrival? __ 3. Has an airfield survey been made to identify emergency maintenance, repair and operations requirements? __ 4. Have potential show stopping airfield pavement repairs been made? __ 5. Has construction required to develop a water source been completed? __ 6. Has a road or accessway from the water source to the water treatment plants been established? __ 7. Has site preparation for aircraft arresting barrier installation been accomplished? __ 8. Have airfield pavement sweeping operations been instituted? __ 9. Has site preparation for NAVAID installation been accomplished? __ 10. Has site preparation for facility erection begun? __ 11. Has a road network from the flightline been established? __ 12. Has an engineer holding area (open storage) been established? __ 13. Have roads or accessways to locations of each of the planned facility groups been graded? __ 14. Have temporary munitions holding areas been established? __ 15. Have berms been constructed around aircraft refueling bladders? __ 16. Have aircraft parking expansion requirements been completed? __ 17. Have specialized aircraft pavements (hot cargo pads, arm/dearm pads, etc.) been completed?
102
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 PAVEMENTS AND EQUIPMENT CHECKLIST (cont.)
__ 18. Have critical obstacles in airfield clear zones been removed? __ 19. Have critical base drainage conditions been corrected? __ 20. Have serious FOD producing areas been corrected? __ 21. Have sources of supply for revetment fill materials and general horizontal construction been located? __ 22. Have berms for POL storage areas and power plant fuel storage been completed? __ 23. Has a sanitary landfill operation been established? __ 24. Have perimeter clearing and base defense network expansion operations been started? __ 25. Has aircraft revetment erection been started? __ 26. Have hazardous waste control areas been identified and established? __ 27. Has construction of stabilization lagoons and evaporation ponds been started? __ 28. Has construction of personnel protective shelters been started? __ 29. Has construction of facility revetments been started? __ 30. Have permanent munitions storage berms been constructed? __ 31. Has support for burying utility lines been provided? __ 32. Have obstacles and barricades been fabricated and placed? __ 33. Have dispersal locations been developed? __ 34. Have roads been upgraded to withstand sustained vehicle traffic? __ 35. Have airfield pavement expedient repairs been replaced with permanent repairs?
103
AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Attachment 11 FIRE PROTECTION CHECKLIST
__ 1. Has contact been made with local fire protection officials to determine host nation support possibilities? __ 2. Have firefighters set up the tents that comprise the fire station? __ 3. Has a fire alarm communications center (FACC) been established? __ 4. Have communications been established between the FACC and appropriate base agencies and command posts? __ 5. Has vehicle availability been ascertained? __ 6. Have vehicle shortfalls been identified and passed to higher headquarters for action? __ 7. Has firefighting agent availability been determined? __ 8. Have shortfalls in agent availability been identified? __ 9. Have water sources for firefighting been identified and located? __ 10. Have fire extinguishers contained in the BEAR packages been checked, serviced, and distributed? __ 11. Has a dispersal plan for fire protection equipment and materials been developed? __ 12. Have dispersal locations been prepared (hardened and camouflaged)? __ 13. Have fire protection assets that cannot be moved been hardened and camouflaged? __ 14. Have fire protection officials participated in initial base layout planning? __ 15. Have fire reporting procedures been established and disseminated to the base population? __ 16. Has auxiliary firefighting equipment, e.g., extinguishers, shovels, hoses, etc., been made available for use in tent city areas?

2006 Us Air Force Guide To Bare Base Development 104p

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

2006 Us Air Force Guide To Bare Base Development 104p

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

WWW.SURVIVALEBOOKS.

AIR FORCE HANDBOOK 10-222, VOLUME 1 1 FEBRUARY 2006

GUIDE TO BARE BASE DEVELOPMENT

DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 1.4. Threat. ....................................................................................... 10

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 3.5. Intermediate Stage. ................................................................... 25

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

Table 1.1. BEAR Force Module Deployment Packages.

Industrial Operations Set Initial Flightline Set

Industrial Operations Set Initial Flightline Set Follow-On Flightline Set

Table 1.2. Harvest Falcon Deployment Packages.

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Chapter 2 ORGANIZING BEDDOWN FORCES

13 Table 2.2. Logistics Support.

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

AFS 3E651 2S051 2S071

Table 2.3. Fire Protection.

Table 2.4. Utilities.

14 Table 2.5. Engineering.

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

AFS 32E3 3E531 3E551 3E571

Table 2.6. Explosive Ordnance Disposal.

Table 2.7. Structural/Mechanical.

15 Table 2.8. Electrical.

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

AFS 3E031 3E051 3E071 3E032 3E052 3E072 Total

Table 2.9. Equipment.

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Chapter 3 FORCE MODULES

18 Figure 3.1. Force Modules.

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

Figure 3.4. Airman Operating an R-14 Refueling System.

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

Figure 3.6. Adjusting Expeditionary Power Plant Controls.

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

3.6.3. Constructing aircraft and vehicle wash racks.

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

Figure 4.1. Facility Dispersal Pattern Template.

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

Figure 4.2. Mobile Aircraft Arresting System.

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006 Chapter 5 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006

Figure 5.3. Onion Storage Tank.

AFH 10-222 Volume 1 1 February 2006