Unit 1 and 2 P1

Report
Introduction: Pre production means undergoing research before production takes place. Depending on the situation preproduction can include different topics. For a small film company to produce a film like attack the block, the preproduction tasks before shooting would include research, story boarding and planning which location to shot scenes. For a feature film like the avengers (on a massive scale) pre-production would go in more depth, more detail and when the other sections have been completed. Like casting actors, screen play with a working script and finally financing. In this case pre-production would include Location scouting, casting, props, costume, crew, production schedule, set construction and the script finalised. It is done to make sure the film is a success meeting its target audience like avatar and doesnt become a movie flop like after earth which got a low star rating. So it is important that pre-production is done properly so there shouldnt be a reason why the film would be a success. By using empire website I can see the drastic difference between both films (example). Because avatar had a massive amount of time do create this master piece they spent time on pre-production making sure everything is right, compared to after earth which had a tight schedule, pretty much quick money. However my production is going to be a short film, so it wouldnt be a feature film it would be more like signs and seconds which are short films but have quite a respectable rating which shows short films can be masterpieces in in its own game(short film format). The pre-production that my crew would be undergoing is storyboarding, scouting locations and planning. We wouldnt be doing set construction because we dont have e.g. a paramount film studio. My production and I will be doing the entire necessary preproduction task to make it as good as possible. Finance: Short films are funded by companies like the British film institute which supports cinemas, festivals, educational publications about film; and runs the Uks biggest film archive. Also a short film can be funded by the national lottery which always supports film makers in Britain. There was a company called the UK film council which would give money to any short film to help the production team, sadly it shut down on 31 march 2011. By watching Charlie broker video on the Tv industry I have a good idea how much equipment, crew and cast cost. A Camera, crew and equipment come to a staggering 5,100, and sound equipment is an extra 700. Location fees cost 1800, animation cost 5,000 there are loads more listed below. For my short film my production team has already got the necessary equipment to get started from camera, green room, apple mac software for editing and music studio if I need for sound and music. I would write a budget Using a simple spread sheet, write down what you plan to spend on equipment, props, transportation, locations, actors and crew.

Unit 1 and 2 P1 A good example how a film got financed is Joe Cornishs Attack the block, it was financed by film 4 which is an independent company, the UK film council(when it was still around) and finally a private investor Nick frost. Nick frost was the main source of income on this film; he thought it was a good idea and a great hit. Now the reality check, the budget was 9 million pound and the film grossed 3.8 Million at the worldwide box office. This production lost 5.2 million from this film, so it didnt turn out to be a hit after all. Time: time is so important to a film because if nothing is within the schedule E.g. your cast might not make it that day or the location you wanted you cant use. But however all this has to be salted polished and finished by the deadline, so the film can go into cinemas or in short films TV and film festivals. Loads of these problems can be prevented by setting up a schedule and with the included points. You should do at least two takes for each shot to get it right. It will take time to get to a location so keep filming local. It will take time to do a lot of camera and lighting set ups. Weather cover. Always have a plan b if bad weather or use it to your advantage. There is also availability of equipment E.g. when my crew are filming our short film we would need to book the cameras and green room on specific days so we can use it and avoid getting into a situation where we havent met our deadline. A set time measurement (hour, day, week, etc.) used to schedule an active film production task E.g. pre and post production tasks. Time scales vary from film to film. James Camerons Avatar was in production for 15 years, the script was made since 1994, and its release was in 2009. It really depends on the Production Company and investors to know its worth the time. So there is no set timescale for this production. There are deadlines but thats different because they can be pushed back or brought forward. A production takes as long as it takes, but if the production itself was rushed; often itll flop like after Earth. For a short the timescale would have to be kept at a full rate E.g. the script should take 3 days at the most start and finish the filming in 3 weeks days would be brillent this allows for retakes or locations we wanted but we couldnt get so we may have to re think. And then there is the post preduction which should take up to 5 days to polish everything off. This is a rough estimate of a timescale it can vary but in our case it needs to be kept to for the deadline. For other short film productions it would proberly be for film festivals or TV.
1994 post production- script development
Filming was supposed to take place after the completion of Cameron's 1997 film Titanic, for a planned release in 1999, but according to Cameron, the necessary technology was not yet available to achieve his vision of the film. Delayed

Summer 2005, and Cameron began developing the screenplay in early 2006.

From 2006-8 filming was completed and 2008 till release was preproduction.

2009 in cinemas

Personal: There are many different job roles in the film the skills and experiences are key to making a great hit. It is important because it changes the fate of a production like example Steven Spielberg is considered the best director because he has loads of experience and a lot of skills to make a masterpiece. He has artistic vision and creative skills to develop an engaging and original film. He also has commitment and a deep passion for filmmaking. A strong and confident leader Stevin Spielberg must constantly make decisions that will make the movie a blockbuster.

Unit 1 and 2 P1 Different job types have higher importance to a film production and have a different salary to others. Screenwriters are responsible for researching the story, developing the narrative, writing the screenplay, and delivering it, in the required format, to Development Executives. Screenwriters therefore have great influence over the creative direction and emotional impact of the screenplay and, arguably, of the finished film. Most writers earn less than 5,000 a year from their writing. After establishing a track record, a writer may earn between approximately 5,000 and 35,000 a year in the UK. Directors of Photography are key Heads of Department on film productions, and theirs is one of the major creative roles. They are requested by the Director, and must be approved by the financiers, studio. They work closely with the Director and Production Designer to give a film its visual signature. The average salary for a director of photography in the UK is 48,700. This is only a guideline, and it could take many years and a lot of hard work to start earning this amount. A Producer is someone who comes up with a project and oversees it from the set through completion. Some producers answer to themselves. Other is employee-producers, working for an employer such as a film studio or an independent production company. Salaries 18,000-25,000, Range of salaries with experience: 40,000-55,000. Sourcing the right personal for a film production is another important aspect I would need to ensure the production team is the right size and the team has the right balance of knowledge, skills and experience. Start-ups can take a cue from other industry contenders to come out on the other side of the growth phase with a winning team. Often, a period of rapid growth makes hiring the best candidates difficult. Facilities: Any creative media production will involve the use of production equipment like a film camera, and facilities such as a green screen room and apple mac room. These are to capture, record, edit and manipulate raw material E.g. the different scenes you filmed in one day into order for a finished product. Moving image, audio and photographic will need equipment and studios to record the sounds and image that I would require. Computer hardware and software is the most important production and post-production processes which are used to make the last little details such as edit cuts and finish the film production. The facilities my production crew would need for a short film would be the apple mac room, green screen room and the music studio to add or create music and sound effects to the film. The production equipment I will be using is a camera with tripod, the green room for lighting like e.g. low key lighting. The post production tools are most likely the apple mac computer to finish it off before release. I have researched a company that has facilities and postproduction houses it is a worldwide company its called pinewood. The company spreads over 6 countrys including the UK, USA and Germany.

Unit 1 and 2 P1 This is pinewood website with this I can research the production house they provide in the UK. I am going to click on post-production to see what they offer for post-production. This includes picture or sound post or if its restoration and archiving of any media asset, or digital content. Pinewood in the UK has the right combination of technology to overcome any film production. Also in one of the pinewood studios they even have the facilities to shoot an underwater scene, for and genre of film it something that shouldnt be overruled. Thunder ball the James bond film was mostly underwater and that was a box-office hit. I am going to look at their sound studio for the post production. This is one of their sound studios in the UK, pinewoods Powell theatre and korda theatre are the first in the UK to be fitted with Dolbys revolutionary new audio technology. Some off the creative stuff you can do in this studio is sound design and Mixing and mastering. The people who work there have experience with sound elements that synchronise with the on screen action or provide an atmosphere to a scene. With mixing and mastering audio levels, tone and positioning within a surround speaker which are all controlled. Some of the facilities they provide like there cutting rooms which are used to edit and add elements conventions and techniques to a film this is in the Powell theatre as well. Across UK there are over 40 secure suites of air conditioned cutting rooms. These rooms are furnished to a high standard and offer a comfortable working environment. Outsourcing is obtaining goods, props, costume and a service from an outside supplier. Flat world Solutions, in providing cutting-edge outsourcing solutions specializes in a wide range of film services which include storyboarding and music composition. Outsourcing film services is normally a very expensive for e.g. a story board will cost 30 to 65 an hour. However depending on the quality of the work and how high that person is popular it could come to loads more.

Unit 1 and 2 P1 Materials: all film productions require raw materials, this could be photographs of the location, rough storyboard and footage of the film that needs to be flourished and edited. Raw material can be generated in various ways, some will be original material that my film production will be planning to produce are selfs. For example a series of test shoots can help my crew further develop my ideas during the pre-production stage. Materials would also include the script, film equipment, sound, audio and archives. Also it will help me decide what original material I will be able to include in the cut (short film) and the best way to get the effect that I want. Archives hold a magnificent collection of film and television, from the birth of cinema to today. We they hold and collect posters, images, publicity material, original scripts, letters and other artefacts. Companys that have these archives that go all the way form the begging are the British film institute and the national archives. For sound affects I may want to use existing material such as sound, film footage, photographs of the location or most likely music. However I would need to take copyright into account, because copyright owners can choose grant permission for my production team to use their stuff for a fee while others hold on to their work closely. For a film script it is in the range of 50-90,000, the selling price for a spec script a screenplay written on speculation, with no committed buyer. It can get higher or lower depending on how big a profit the film makes like e.g. Snow White and the Huntsman the writer Evan Daugherty earned $3.2 million just for written that script. A film camera and a camera lens to match with plenty of black and white film or colour film to use. A new 35mm film camera with a standard lens will cost somewhere between 300 to 500. For copyright material like scene on the Charlie broker video he paid 500 to show one copyrighted clip of some puppets, they might or might not be worth it; I would buy the film camera with that money. As scene on the Charlie broker video a camera man and sound guy cost 800 a day. Clearance is when you get permission to use an old clip like Charlie broker did on his video, copyrighted has to be paid for unless it is for the purpose of critics and review which you can often use for nothing. The production team had to pay 500 for that clip, but this also applies to images as well by holding a copyrighted picture up it cost in this case 50. Every time you see a picture and painting in a background for East Enders chances are that someone has had to pay to use those images just to clear it. With music most companys and TV shows have to pay a fortune to use a song such Coldplay Viva la Vida, however the BBC because they are a broadcaster dont have to pay to use that song, but they are not allowed to show the cover for that song so its just a prop which is 15. Some of the materials I will need are a working script, film camera (tripod if I can require), costume which wont be other the top, music which I will have to think about and audio sound.

Unit 1 and 2 P1 Contributors: as well as my production team I will need other people to contribute to my film, mostly actors and extras or even voice overs if not over the top, all these people are referred as talent in the film industry. If however I was doing this for a TV programme I would need professionals and might also include contributions from experts in the area Im dealing with so if it was a drama I would need these skills and experiences of the experts to make it brilliant, so voice overs would be a good contributor to this. On the other hand if I was doing broadcasting show like the x factor or BBC I would also need presenter on board. With East Enders they would need every day about 20 or over extras to build that wide open environment that show its not just based on the main characters the world still moves on. I will need to get permission from people who are featured or quoted in my film production and should get them to sign a release and consent agreement form. This is so that I have evidence of their permission to be featured otherwise if they try pulling a fast one it will be my word against there and that wont get my film production nowhere. That is why with any agreement it should be in written as evidence so it can be referred to.

Unit 1 and 2 P1 Locations: It is important to check out what locations would be suitable or what the production team wants for the location of the film during the pre-production phase. This will save my production team loads of time in the production stage so we can spend much more time on the scenes. Having my crew, talent and equipment out on location I will need to ensure that the locations are suitable for my purpose of the film. For example alley way for a chase scene or a bus top for two people to have a conversations, because chances are we wont be able to film in shops, cafes or diners. When I will be working on location, I will be aware of any risks and health and safety issues that may be present. I would most likely have to secure permission from any people who might accidentally be in my film, or people working at a location I intend to use. I would need a location recce, which I will visit a potential production location that is carried out during the pre-production to see its suitability. I would have to do this before filming because if I use it and we find out we cant use it or its not suitable at all the whole production will be behind and that cant happen. The information that I will be bringing back from the recce will inform the production schedule as I would have found out about the distance, access potential problems with weather and health and safety issues. Details from what I have discovered on the recce I would record on a location visit sheet and attached to my production schedule, so the crew are aware of the location with whats been gathered. On the left is an example of a Recce location report sheet. Below is an example of filming a location recce, there were some suitable locations and some that would have risks like the underground train station during rush hour anything can go wrong. On a train station in the night in central London wouldnt be the best place chances are the production team could be robbed of the expensive equipment, but depending how big the production team is there would be security. There are limitations such as noise, weather, distance, costs which I would have to think about but. However this is why people should go out on a location recce to find all of this essential information out.

Codes of practice and regulations: Regulations- the film industry in the UK is regulated By BBFC. The British Board of Film Classification is an independent, non-governmental company which has cinema films since it was set up in 1912 and videos/ DVDs since the Video Recordings (so an archive in which holds all films) Act was passed in 1984. They give films certificates on a release on what the contents are, like the lone ranger got a 12A while Django unchained got an 18 rating.

Unit 1 and 2 P1 The BBFC fees are adjusted only to cover its costs. In order to preserve its independence, the BBFC never receives money from either the film industry or the government. Its income is from the fees it charges for its services, calculated by measuring the running time of films or DVDs submitted for classification. So a film like Django unchained is almost 3 hours this company has to analyse it to give it a film rated or if it is really bad like human centipede they will refuse classification, which will make it illegal. A unforgettable case study the human centipede 2 the one everyone wanted to watched in cinema but didnt get a certificate till later on. The victims in the film are treated like worthless objects to be brutalised, degraded and mutilated for the amusement and arousal of the central character, as well as for the pleasure of the audience. Because of this the BBFC refused to give this film a certificate because of the risk that harm is likely to be caused to potential viewers. For Example like the Jamie Bolger murder was by the hands of ten year olds who got the idea from Childs play, imagine what more incidents will happen with the Human centipede 2 being released. The organisation says no amount of cuts would allow them to give the new film a certificate. However the production team made 32 cuts to the film, The BBFC finally gave it an 18 rating so it can be watched in the UK, the cuts must have been a lot of violence for the BBFC to go back on their word. The BBFC compared to Ofcom in which regulate the TV and radio sectors, fixed line telecoms, mobiles and postal services. So where BBFC gives films certificates, Ofcom make sure that people in the UK get the best from their communications services and are protected from scams. Also where BBFC gets there money form their fees, Ofcom is funded by fees from industry for regulating broadcasting and communications networks, and get money from the Government. Codes of practice: For my production crew to go on public land I will need permission from the appropriate local authority or council. They are responsible for public land, public buildings and roads. I will also need to make that health and safety is kept with the people like if e.g. filming near a shop with dangerous fumes. Public liability insurance is important for my film production because it will pay out in the event that a mistake is made which causes an injury to a member of the public or actor. Trade union- The Producers Alliance for Cinema and Television (Pact) is the British trade association for independent producers in film, television and digital media. PACT interests are to support independent film producers in the UK, they focus they contribution on the challenges facing film production. This would impact on a short film because the producer is independent, and its not Feature film with powerful medium and rich investors. The amount of challenges that will be faced by the production team, PACT is there to contribute to the production.