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Radar frequency bands

Band
Name

Frequency Range Wavelength Range

HF

330 MHz

10100 m

< 300 MHz

1 m+

VHF

50330 MHz

0.9-6 m

UHF

3001000 MHz

0.3-1 m

12 GHz

1530 cm

Notes

coastal radar systems, over-the-horizon

(OTH) radars; 'high frequency'
'P' for 'previous', applied
retrospectively to early radar systems
very long range, ground penetrating;
'very high frequency'
very long range (e.g. ballistic missile
early warning), ground penetrating,
foliage penetrating; 'ultra high
frequency'
long range air traffic control and
surveillance; 'L' for 'long'

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S

24 GHz

7.515 cm

48 GHz

3.75-7.5 cm

812 GHz

2.5-3.75 cm

Ku

1218 GHz

1.67-2.5 cm

1827 GHz

1.11-1.67 cm

Ka

2740 GHz

0.75-1.11 cm

mm

40300 GHz

7.5 mm - 1 mm

4060 GHz

7.5 mm - 5 mm

5075 GHz

6.04 mm

6090 GHz

6.03.33 mm

75110 GHz

2.7 - 4.0 mm

terminal air traffic control, long range

weather, marine radar; 'S' for 'short'
Satellite transponders; a compromise
(hence 'C') between X and S bands;
weather
missile guidance, marine radar,
weather, medium-resolution mapping
and ground surveillance; in the USA
the narrow range 10.525 GHz 25
MHz is used for airport radar. Named
X band because the frequency was a
secret during WW2.
high-resolution mapping, satellite
altimetry; frequency just under K band
(hence 'u')
from German kurz, meaning 'short';
limited use due to absorption by water
vapour, so Ku and Ka were used
instead for surveillance. K-band is
used for detecting clouds by
meteorologists, and by police for
detecting speeding motorists. K-band
radar guns operate at 24.150 0.100
GHz.
mapping, short range, airport
surveillance; frequency just above K
band (hence 'a') Photo radar, used to
trigger cameras which take pictures of
license plates of cars running red
lights, operates at 34.300 0.100 GHz.
millimeter band, subdivided as below.
The letter designators appear to be
random, and the frequency ranges
dependent on waveguide size. Multiple
letters are assigned to these bands by
different groups. These are from
Baytron, a now defunct company that
made test equipment.
Used for Military communication.
Very strongly absorbed by the
atmosphere.
used as a visual sensor for
experimental autonomous vehicles,
high-resolution meteorological
observation, and imaging.

Radar Range Equation

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Gr = Gain of receiver antenna ( ratio, not dBi )
c = Transmitted wavelength ( m, cm, in, etc. )
d = Radar cross-section of target - RCS ( m2, cm2, in2, etc. )
R = Range ( m, cm, in, etc. )
RTx = Transmitter range to target ( m, cm, in, etc. )
RRx = Receiver range from target ( m, cm, in, etc. )
C = Speed of light
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: "
A = Alpha
B = Bravo
C = Charlie
D = Delta
E = Echo
F = Foxtrot
G = Golf
H = Hotel
I = India
J = Juliet
K = Kilo
L = Lima
M = Mike
N = November
O = Oscar
P = Papa
Q = Quebec
R = Romeo
S = Sierra
T = Tango
U = Uniform
V = Victor
W = Whiskey
X = X-ray
Y = Yankee
Z = Zulu

NATO Phonetic Alphabet

ABREVIATION = = = = TERM
ACT = = = = APPROACH CLEARANCE TIME
ADF = = = = AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDING
ADI = = = = ATTITUDE DIRECTOR INDICATOR
AFD = = = = Airport Facilty Directory
AGL = = = = ABOVE GROUND LEVEL
ALP = = = = Airport Layout Plan
ASR = = = = AIRCRAFT SURVEILLANCE RADAR
ATC = = = = AIR TRAFIC CONTROL
DME = = = = DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPEMENT
FAF = = = = FINAL APPROACH FIX
FAS = = = = FINAL APPROACH SPEED
FL = = = = FLIGHT LEVEL
FLIP = = = = FLIGHT INFORMATION PUBLICATION
FOV = = = = FIELD OF VIEW
FPM = = = = FEET PER MINUTE
FSS = = = = Flight Service Station
GCA = = = = GROUND CONTROLLED APPROACH
GPI = = = = GLIDE PATH INTERCEPTION POINT
GPS = = = = GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
GS = = = = GROUND SPEED
IAP = = = = INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE
IAS = = = = INDICATED AIRSPEED
ICAO = = = = INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION
ORGANIZATION
IFF = = = = IDENTIFICATION FRIEND OR FOE
IFR = = = = INSTRUMENT FLGHT RULES
ILS = = = = INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM
IMC = = = = INSTRUMENT METEOROLOGICAL
CONDITIONS
ITO = = = = INSTRUMENT TAKEOFF
LOC = = = = LOCALIZER
MAP = = = = MISSED APPROACH POINT
MSL = = = = MEAN SEA LEVEL
NDB = = = = NON-DIRECTIONAL BEACON

NM = = = = NAUTICAL MILES
PAR = = = = PRECISION APPROACH RADAR
RADAR = = = = RADIO DETECTING AND RANGING
R/C = = = = RATE OF CLIMB
RDF = = = = RADIO DIRECTION FINDING
REIL = = = = RUNWAY END IDENTIFIER LIGHTS
RMI = = = = RADIO MAGNETIC INDICATOR
RPM = = = = REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE
RVR = = = = RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE
RWR = = = = RADAR WARNING RECEIVER
TACAN = = = = TACTICAL AIR NAVIGATION
TAS = = = = TRUE AIRSPEED
VASI = = = = VISUAL APPROACH SLOPE INDICATOR
VMC = = = = VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
VOR = = = = VHF OMNIDIRECTIONAL RANGE
VORTAC = = = = VHF OMNIDIRECTION RANGE/TACTICAL
AIR NAVIGATION
VSI = = = = VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR
WX = = = = WEATHER

.
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QRRU/QRRS
References:Radar Systems and Radio Aids to Navigation
Dr.A.K.Sen
Dr.A.B.Bhattacharya
Introduction to Radar Systems
Merrill I.Skolnik