Unit 7 Endocrine System 1. Match the numbers with the anatomical names.

The endocrine system consists of a widely distributed group of glands that secretes regulatory substances called hormones. Because these substances are released directly into the blood, the endocrine glands are nown as the ductless glands. !espite the fact that hormones in the blood reach all parts of the body, only certain tissues respond. The tissue that is influenced by a specific hormone is called the target tissue. The cells that ma e up this tissue ha"e specific receptors on their membranes to which the hormone attaches, enabling it to act on the cells. #ormones #ormones are produced in e$tremely small amounts and are highly potent. By means of their actions on "arious target tissues, they affect growth, metabolism, reproducti"e acti"ity, and beha"ior. %hemically, hormones fall into two categories& steroid hormones, made from lipids, and hormones made of amino acids, which include proteins and proteinli e compounds. Steroids are produced by the se$ glands 'gonads( and the outer region 'corte$( of the adrenal glands. )ll of the remaining endocrine glands produce amino acid hormones. The production of hormones is controlled mainly by negati"e feedbac . That is, the hormone itself, or some product of hormone acti"ity, acts as a control o"er further manufacture of the hormone*a self+regulating system. #ormone production also may be controlled by ner"ous stimulation or by other hormones. ,. Match the numbers of the glands from tas they produce. 1 to the ind of hormones

steroid hormones ----------------h.s made of amino acids -----------------

3. Fill in the names of the basic hormones in the table below.

.# 'somatotropin( )%T# 'adenocorticotropic( )!# 'antidiuretic( / "asopressin )01 aldosterone calcitonin cortisol 'hydrocortisone( epinephrine 'adrenaline( / norepinephrine 'noradrenaline( estrogens 2S# 'follicle+stimulating h( glucagon insulin 3# 'luteni4ing h(5 / 6%S# 'interstitial cell+ stimulating( o$ytocin 78T parathyroid h 193 'prolactin( progesterone se$ hormones testosterone thymosin thyro$ine :T; and T< TS# 'thyroid+stimulating h(

.land anterior pituitary

#ormone

2unction promotes growth of all body tissues stimulates thyroid gland stimulates adrenal corte$5 protection of body in stress situations growth and hormone acti"ity of o"arian follicles5 growth of testes, de"elopment of sperm cells de"elopment of corpus luteum5 secretion of testosterone in male secretion of mil

posterior pituitary

thyroid

reabsorption of water in idney tubules = constriction of blood "essels 'blood pressure( stimulates uterine contraction and e>ection of mil increases metabolic rate and production of body heat5 re?uired for normal growth decreases calcium le"el in blood calcium metabolism 'increases %a le"el( metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats5 acti"e during stress conser"e sodium and water while eliminating potassium 'regulates electrolytes and water balance( secondary se$ual characteristics response to stress5 increases respiration, B1, heart rate transport of glucose into cells5 decreases blood sugar le"els stimulates li"er to release glucose5 increases blood sugar le"els growth and de"elopment of se$ual organs, maturation of sperm cells growth and de"elopment of se$ual organs prepares uterine lining for implantation of fertili4ed o"um, maintaining pregnancy de"elopment of T cells needed for immunity

parathyroi d adrenal corte$

adrenal medulla pancreati c islets testes o"aries

thymus

!isorders associated with endocrine dysfunctions ;. a. @ou are going to describe some of the disorders 'with the help of a description( to the rest of the group. They will ha"e to find the name of the disorder from the list below.

b. Ahat is the #ungarian e?ui"alent of each disorderB C. 2ind the e?ui"alent English terms for the diagnostic tests of diabetes. #ow is diabetes diagnosedB @our doctor may do different types of blood tests to see if you ha"e diabetes. @ou may ha"e one or more of the following tests. random "Drcu ormDrDs Dhgyomri "Drcu ormDrDs terhelDses "Drcu or "i4sgElat F. )nswer the ?uestions about the terms of this case study.
!iabetes Treatment Aith an 6nsulin 1ump M... a <,+year+old mar eting e$ecuti"e, was diagnosed with >u"enile+onset 'type 1( diabetes at the age of < years. She "i"idly remembers her mother ta ing her to the doctor because she had an illness that caused her to feel e$tremely tired and "ery thirsty and hungry. She also had a cut on her nee that would not heal and had begun to wet her bed. #er mother had had gestational diabetes during her pregnancy with M...5 M... was described as a GmacrosomiaH because she weighed 1I lb at birth. M... has managed her disease with meticulous attention to her diet, e$ercise, pre"entati"e health care, regular blood glucose monitoring, and twice+daily in>ections of regular and J1# insulin, which she rotates among her upper arms, thighs, and abdomen. She continues in a smo ing cessation program supported by wee ly acupuncture treatments. She maintains good control of her disease in spite of the incon"enience and time it consumes each day. She will be married ne$t summer and would li e to start a family. M...Ks doctor suggested she try an insulin pump to gi"e her more freedom and enhance her ?uality of life. )fter intensi"e training, she has recei"ed her pump. 6t is about the si4e of a beeper with a thin catheter that she introduces through a needle into her abdominal subcutaneous tissue. She can administer her insulin in a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion '%S66( and in calculated meal bolus doses. She still has to test her blood for hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia and her urine for etones when her blood sugar is too high. She hopes one day to ha"e an islet transplantation.
1. M...Ks diabetes is also described as& a. adult+onset diabetes b. type , diabetes mellitus c. diabetes insipidus d. insulin+dependent diabetes mellitus e. J6!!M ,. .estational diabetes occurs& a. in a woman during pregnancy b. to any large fetus c. during menopause d. at the time of puberty e. at the time of deli"ery of a large baby with high blood sugar <. The term macrosomia describes& a. e$cessi"e weight gain during pregnancy b. a large body c. an e$cessi"e amount of sleep d. inability to sleep during pregnancy e. too much sugar in the amniotic fluid ;. M... in>ected the insulin into the subcutaneous tissue, which is&

a. only present in the abdomen, thighs, and upper arms b. a topical application c. below the s in d. in a large artery e. abo"e the pubic bone C. )n islet transplantation refers to&

a. transfer of parathyroid cells to the li"er b. e$cision of bo"ine pancreatic cells c. surgical insertion of an insulin pump into the abdomen d. a total pancreas and idney transplantation e. transfer of insulin+secreting cells into a pancreas

Blood and 3ymphatic System 1. @ou are going to watch a short presentation about blood. a. Before you watch, thin o"er what you now about the function of blood cells. !iscuss the tas s. + Match the synonyms. leu ocytes platelets thrombocytes white blood cells erythrocytes red blood cells + .roup the white blood cells in the picture. granulocytes --------------agranulocytes --------------. + Ahat is common in& albumin, globulin, and fibrinogenB ---------------------b. Jow watch the "ideo, and ta e notes.

,. Ahat do you thin these diseases areB !iscuss it in pairs. --------- is a neoplasm of white blood cells. The rapidly di"iding but incompetent white cells accumulate in the tissues and crowd out the other blood cells. The symptoms include anemia, fatigue, easy bleeding, splenomegaly, and sometimes hepatomegaly 'enlargement of the li"er(. The causes are un nown but may include e$posure to radiation or harmful chemicals, hereditary factors, and perhaps "irus infection. Treatment includes chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and bone marrow transplantation.

--------- is a hereditary deficiency of a specific clotting factor. 6t is a se$+lin ed disease that is passed from mother to son. There is bleeding into the tissues, especially into the >oints 'hemarthrosis(. 6t must be treated with transfusions of the necessary clotting factor. --------- is defined as a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. 6t may result from too few red blood cells, cells that are too small, or too little hemoglobin in the cells. Ley tests in diagnosing the disease are blood counts, mean corpuscular "olume 'M%0(, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 'M%#%(. The general symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, heart palpitations, pallor, and irritability.

<. 2orm the proper English anatomical term. nodi lymphatici "asa lymphatica ductus thoracicus truncus subcla"ianus sinister nodi lymphatici cer"icales anteriores ple$us lymphaticus a$illaris tonsilla pharygealis tonsillae palatinae lien ;. 6mmuni4ation M 0accination N 2inish the Ghalf+wordsH. Shots may hurt a little... but the diseases they can pre"ent can hurt a lot moreO 6mmuni4ation sh----, or "accinations, are essential. They protect against things li e mea----, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B, polio, diphtheria, tetanus and pert---- 'whooping cough(. 6mmuni4ations are important for adults as well as for children. #erePs why. @our immune system helps your body fight ge---- by producing substances to combat them. 7nce it does, the immune system QremembersQ the germ and can fight it again. 0acc---- contain germs that ha"e been illed or wea ened. Ahen gi"en to a healthy person, the "accine triggers the immune system to respond and thus build immu----. Before "accines, people became immune only by actually getting a disease and sur"i"ing it. 6mmuni4ations are an easier and less ris y way to become imm----.
http&::www.nlm.nih.go":medlineplus:immuni4ation.html

C. %on"ince a mother of the importance of "accinating her child. + R>s4SlTtte N ellenteste a4 anyEtUl csa pEr hUnapon Et immuni4El + ami or a nem beoltott gyerme talEl o4i egy betegsDggel, Tnnyen el aphat>a N rDgebben, ami or mDg nem "olta oltEso , so gyerme halt meg s4amEr ThTgDsben, anyarUban, "agy >Er"Enyos gyerme bDnulEsban stb. + a4 oltEso al lassVt>u "agy mega adElyo44u a fertW4W betegsDge ter>edDsDt, Ds "Dd>S a csT ent immunitEsban s4en"edW betege et stb.