October 2002

Process Industry Practices Architectural

PIP ARS08390 Blast Resistant Doors and Frames

PURPOSE AND USE OF PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES In an effort to minimize the cost of process industry facilities, this Practice has been prepared from the technical requirements in the existing standards of major industrial users, contractors, or standards organizations. By harmonizing these technical requirements into a single set of Practices, administrative, application, and engineering costs to both the purchaser and the manufacturer should be reduced. While this Practice is expected to incorporate the majority of requirements of most users, individual applications may involve requirements that will be appended to and take precedence over this Practice. Determinations concerning fitness for purpose and particular matters or application of the Practice to particular project or engineering situations should not be made solely on information contained in these materials. The use of trade names from time to time should not be viewed as an expression of preference but rather recognized as normal usage in the trade. Other brands having the same specifications are equally correct and may be substituted for those named. All Practices or guidelines are intended to be consistent with applicable laws and regulations including OSHA requirements. To the extent these Practices or guidelines should conflict with OSHA or other applicable laws or regulations, such laws or regulations must be followed. Consult an appropriate professional before applying or acting on any material contained in or suggested by the Practice.

This Practice is subject to revision at any time by the responsible Function Team and will be reviewed every 5 years. This Practice will be revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn. Information on whether this Practice has been revised may be found at www.pip.org.

Process Industry Practices (PIP), Construction Industry Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 3925 West Braker Lane (R4500), Austin, Texas 78759. PIP member companies and subscribers may copy this Practice for their internal use. Changes, overlays, addenda, or modifications of any kind are not permitted within any PIP Practice without the express written authorization of PIP.

PIP will not consider requests for interpretations (inquiries) for this Practice.

Not printed with State funds

October 2002

Process Industry Practices Architectural

PIP ARS08390 Blast Resistant Doors and Frames

Table of Contents 1. Introduction .................................. 2
1.1 Purpose ............................................. 2 1.2 Scope................................................. 2

2. References ................................... 2
2.1 Process Industry Practices ................ 2 2.2 Industry Guides and Standards ......... 2 2.3 Government Regulations ................... 3

3. Definitions .................................... 3 4. General ........................................ 4

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Quality Assurance.............................. 4 Submittals .......................................... 4 Delivery, Storage, and Handling ........ 5 Warranty ............................................ 5

5. Requirements ............................... 6
5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Design................................................ 6 Manufacturer...................................... 6 Materials ............................................ 7 Accessories ....................................... 7 Fabrication ......................................... 8 Shop Coating ..................................... 8

6. Execution...................................... 8
6.1 Installation.......................................... 8 6.2 Field Painting ..................................... 9

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PIP ARS08390 Blast Resistant Doors and Frames

October 2002

1.

Introduction
1.1 Purpose This Practice provides the manufacturer and the contracted installer of blast resistant doors and frames with a specification for designing, manufacturing, and installing blast resistant doors and frames to be used in process industry facilities. 1.2 Scope This Practice describes the requirements for all material, fabrication, finishes, delivery, and installation of blast resistant doors and frames. This Practice does not include requirements for finish painting. Any conflicts or inconsistencies between this Practice, the design drawings, or contract documents shall be brought to the attention of owner for resolution.

2.

References
Applicable requirements of the latest edition of the following guides, standards, and regulations in effect on the date of contract award shall be considered an integral part of this Practice, except as otherwise noted. Short titles will be used herein when appropriate. 2.1 Process Industry Practices (PIP) PIP STC01018 - Blast Resistant Building Design Criteria 2.2 Industry Guides and Standards American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) ASTM D1056 - Standard Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials Sponge or Expanded Rubber ASTM E330 - Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ANSI A156.4 - Door Controls - Closers ANSI A156.18 - Hardware - Materials and Finishes ANSI A156.21 - Thresholds American Welding Society (AWS) AWS D1.1 - Structural Welding Code - Steel AWS D1.2 - Structural Welding Code - Aluminum AWS D1.3 - Structural Welding Code - Sheet Steel National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) NFPA 80 - Standard for Fire Doors, Fire Windows, and Smoke Control Door Assemblies

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PIP ARS08390 Blast Resistant Doors and Frames

NFPA 101 - Life Safety Code NFPA 252 - Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Door Assemblies Underwriters Laboratories (UL) UL 10C - Positive Pressure Fire Tests of Door Assemblies 2.3 Government Regulations U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) State and/or local building codes U.S. Department of Justice Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) ADA Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities (ADAAG) ADAAG 4.1.6(3)(d) - Doors ADAAG 4.13.5 - Clear Width ADAAG 4.13.6 - Maneuvering Clearances at Doors

3.

Definitions
astragal: The seal between the central joint and two swinging doors and/or transom panels blast loads: The transient dynamic loads from the blast effects of an explosion, usually stated in terms of peak pressure and impulse or duration contractor: The party responsible for furnishing and/or installing the steel doors and frames contract documents: Any and all documents, including design drawings, that the owner has transmitted or otherwise communicated, whether by incorporation or by reference, and made part of the legal contract agreement or purchase order agreement between the owner and the contractor exit door: Exterior door that separates interior spaces of a building or structure by fireresistance-rated construction and by opening protectants as required to provide a protected path of egress travel between the exit access and the exit discharge manufacturer: The party who fabricates the doors and frames in accordance with contract documents and who provides shop drawings owner: The owner of the building or the owners authorized agent qualified registered professional engineer: A person professionally qualified and duly licensed to perform engineering services Rebound: The deformation in the direction opposing the initial blast pressure. This occurs after a component has reached a peak deformation and returns in the direction of its initial position.

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PIP ARS08390 Blast Resistant Doors and Frames

October 2002

4.

General
4.1 Quality Assurance 4.1.1 4.1.2 The manufacturer shall provide and the contractor shall install doors and frames as specified herein. The manufacturer shall control the quality of items and services to meet the requirements of this Practice, applicable codes, and standards. The manufacturer shall provide evidence of a quality assurance (QA) system/program.

4.2

Submittals 4.2.1 The manufacturer shall provide the contractor with the following: Product data, including manufacturers product specifications, standard details, certified product test results from independent testing firm, door weight, force required to open door before blast load, evidence that the door will be operable in accordance with paragraph 5.1.1.1 after blast load, and installation instructions The manufacturers QA plan Detailed shop drawings and data, including dimensioned plans and elevation, details of sections, connections and anchorage, and parts list Design calculations, based on specified loads, stamped by a qualified registered professional engineer to verify that the door, frame, and hardware can withstand the design pressure loading and still be operable by person both inside and outside building. Calculations for hardware and operating mechanisms are required if these items affect blast capacities of the doors (i.e., hinges, latches, pins, doorstops, etc.). The calculations may be in either imperial or SI units but shall be consistent. The calculations and all text shall be in English. Certified dynamic test results from an independent testing firm, showing door and frame assembly meeting performance requirements, may be substituted for calculations. Welding procedures and welders qualifications Fire-rated door assemblies. For door assemblies required to be fire rated as indicated in the contract documents, the manufacturer shall submit certification that each door and frame assembly has been constructed to conform to design, materials, and construction equivalent to requirements for labeled construction given in NFPA 80, NFPA 252, and UL 10C. A letter of conformance stating that the doors furnished have been tested in accordance with ASTM E330 Instructions for installation and maintenance

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PIP ARS08390 Blast Resistant Doors and Frames

Operation, service, and replacement parts manuals. These manuals shall contain complete installation, disassembly, operating, and maintenance instructions. Instructions shall also be provided for maintaining the blast resistant function of door. A complete parts list shall be included and must consist of the make and model of components from the various manufacturers of the system as supplied. These manuals shall be in English.

4.2.2 4.3

Documents mentioned in the preceding list shall be submitted to the contractor according to schedule in contract documents.

Delivery, Storage, and Handling 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 The manufacturer shall assume full responsibility for shipping the required number of units of size, thickness, and hand shown on the design drawings. The manufacturer shall deliver doors and frames wrapped in cardboard or crated to provide protection during transit and job site storage. The contractor shall inspect doors and frames upon delivery for damage. Damage may be repaired if refinished items are equal in all respects to new work and are acceptable to owner and manufacturer; otherwise, damaged items shall be removed and replaced as directed. Doors, frames, and accessories shall be clearly marked with door number to identify the openings in which they are to be installed. Means shall be provided for necessary protection against deterioration or damage to products that will be held in field storage. Doors shall be stored in upright position if possible and in a protected area.

4.3.4

4.4

Warranty 4.4.1 The door, including all materials furnished in accordance with this Practice, shall be guaranteed by the manufacturers and contractor against defective material, poor workmanship, improper design, or failure from normal usage for a period of 1 year from the date of installation or 15 months from the original ship date, whichever comes first. Any materials that fail, deteriorate unduly, or show defects during the period of the guarantees shall be replaced at the contractors expense unless the door was purchased directly from the manufacturer, in which case it is at the manufacturers expense.

4.4.2

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PIP ARS08390 Blast Resistant Doors and Frames

October 2002

5.

Requirements
5.1 Design 5.1.1 Blast resistant doors shall be designed for the dynamic loads provided in the PIP STC01018 Appendix A Data Sheet. The performance category for the blast resistant doors shall be as specified in the PIP STC01018 Appendix A Data Sheet, Section A-3, Blast Door Requirements. The response limits and other requirements shall be as given in PIP STC01018, Table 9. 5.1.1.1 After an explosion, the doors are to be manually operable from the inside and outside to allow egress from the building. Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, all doors are to open to the outside. 5.1.1.2 Each door system shall consist of a door, frame, hinges, latches, pins, and associated hardware. The doorframes shall be attached to subframes that are embedded into the surrounding concrete walls or attached to other structural wall material. 5.1.1.3 The subframes shall be installed by the contractor in accordance with the drawings furnished by the door manufacturer. The intent of providing separate subframes and frames is to allow construction of the building to proceed during fabrication of the blast doors. The connection of the subframe to the frame shall maintain structural integrity throughout all response to the applied load. Design of this connection is the responsibility of the door manufacturer. The installation and maintenance of the structural integrity of the subframe installation during construction is the responsibility of the contractor/installer. 5.1.1.4 Dynamic elastic-plastic design techniques shall be used. Static, elastic analysis is not acceptable. The entire pressure-time history must be included in the response calculations. 5.1.1.5 Increases in material strengths that are due to strain rate effects shall be considered. 5.1.1.6 The door system shall be designed to resist rebound. Maximum rebound forces shall be identified and factored into the system design by the door manufacturer. 5.1.1.7 The door system shall be designed to withstand the applied blast loading one time only. It is not necessary to design the door to be reusable for a second explosion load; however, the doors shall remain operational following dynamic response to the blast load. 5.2 Manufacturer 5.2.1 Subject to compliance with requirements for blast resistant doors, all components shall be designed and furnished by one (1) manufacturer and shall be factory assembled, completely operable, and shipped as a unit.

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PIP ARS08390 Blast Resistant Doors and Frames

Subframe designs and details shall be forwarded in sufficient time for field fabrication and installation in the building. 5.3 Materials 5.3.1 Blast resistant doors and frames shall be constructed from steel or aluminum sheet or plate shapes or from structural bars and shapes and reinforced to withstand the design requirements of this Practice. Any use of alternate materials and joining methods for the doors and frames shall be approved by the owner. Doors shall be flush type and of the size shown on the design drawing. Blast resistant doors and removable transom panels (when required) shall have an astragal designed to withstand the applicable blast loading. The astragal shall be welded to a removable panel. The removable panel shall match the door in appearance and function and shall leave the opening clearthe full height and width of perimeter framewhen removed. Frames shall be equipped with adjustable gaskets around the perimeter at heads and jambs for perimeter sealing of doors. Bottoms of doors shall be equipped with gaskets for sealing at sills. Gasketing shall conform to ASTM D1056, Grade 2C1, neoprene or an approved equivalent. Removable transom panels shall be similarly gasketed. Blast resistant doors and removable transoms shall be filled with thermal insulation unless otherwise specified on contract documents. Each blast resistant door shall be equipped with the hardware capable of withstanding the specified loads. Designations used in the contract document to indicate hardware finishes are those listed in ANSI A156.18. The finish of every hardware unit, including fasteners, shall be matched at each door to the greatest extent possible. Unless otherwise required by contract documents, the UL 10C label, which shows degree of fire protection indicated by opening class, shall be affixed and visible on all fire-rated doors and frames as evidence of compliance with procedures of label agency.

5.3.2

5.3.3 5.3.4

5.3.5

5.4

Accessories 5.4.1 5.4.2 Hinges shall be heavy-duty, low-friction, full-mortise ball bearing, with high-quality corrosion resistant finish. The use of rebound pins that are moved into the subframe by hardware and supported by pin blocks mounted on the doorplate is acceptable. The rebound pins can serve as the only hardware latching the door into the frame when the door is closed. Alternate systems that meet performance requirements are acceptable and shall be clearly defined in all submittals. Door pins shall be tapered, self-aligning, and slam-latching. Manually operated latch bolts, head, and sill, shall be provided for double door inactive leaf.

5.4.3

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5.4.4 5.4.5

When specified for security, security astragal with integral gasket for double doors shall be provided. A hydraulic door closer shall be provided on all single doors and on the active leaf of double doors, in accordance with ANSI A156.4. The closer shall be of rack and pinion design with adjustable spring and high-impact noncorrosive cover. One threshold per door shall be provided, in accordance with ANSI A156.21, for the total width of the door opening and in a finish selected by the owner. To open an unlocked door from the outside, a single, exterior door handle shall operate all pins and latching devices to allow opening of the door. The hardware shall not be configured to require more than a single operation to open the door from the outside. To open an exit door from the inside, a panic bar mechanism is required, in compliance with NFPA 101. When operated, the panic bar shall release all latching devices and allow opening of the door. A second operation shall not be required. Manually operated exit doors shall meet the requirements of ADA where specified in contract documents and of local building codes for the maximum opening force.

5.4.6 5.4.7

5.4.8

5.4.9

5.4.10 Power-operated doors shall be operable with push buttons located on both sides of door and manually operable during power failure. 5.4.11 Power-operated doors shall be equipped with safety devices, such as motion detectors and presence sensors, and with provisions to avoid entrapment of personnel. The power operator must provide operation following a blast incident of design magnitude. 5.5 5.5.1 5.5.2 5.6 Fabrication Finished work shall be neat in appearance and free from defects. Surfaces shall be smooth and free from warps and buckles. All welding shall comply with the applicable portions of AWS D1.1, AWS D1.2, and AWS D1.3.

Shop Coating 5.6.1 All surfaces to be primed shall be cleaned and primed. Shop primer shall be manufacturers standard or better as requested by owner.

6.

Execution
6.1 Installation 6.1.1 Doors shall be installed by a qualified contractor/installer in accordance with manufacturers instructions and approved shop drawings. Doors shall be installed true and square in frames, shall operate freely and easily, and shall

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PIP ARS08390 Blast Resistant Doors and Frames

be aligned and balanced. Mechanism shall be thoroughly lubricated, and the entire installation shall be left in good operating condition. 6.1.2 Upon installation of the doors, the manufacturer and/or contractor shall demonstrate proper operation of the doors, including functioning of all safety equipment and performance of routine maintenance requirements.

6.2

Field Painting 6.2.1 6.2.2 The surface of doors, frames, and miscellaneous ferrous metal items shall be thoroughly clean of rust, grease, and other impurities. The contractor shall provide finish painting in accordance with architectural specifications for painting buildings.

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