Hi: Tha c thy!

Em lm bi tp v vng mc hai t "effective" v "efficient" du c

ngha l "c hiu qu", nn em khng bit s dung t no d din vo cu sau dy cho
dng: "These tablets are ___. My headache's much better now." Mong qu thy c gip em.
Thank you very much!
Cm on ban d gi cu hi dn VOA. Ban hi ngha khc nhau ca hai t effective v
efficient v cch dng. Nhn tin dy cng bn thm v hai t dng ngha l effectual and
efficacious.
Effective: c hiu qu, mang lai kt qu nh du kin. Effective cng c ngha c hiu luc
(nh khi ni v mt dao lut). Th du:
- The law will be effective immediately=ao lut mi s c hiu luc ngay.
- He gave an effective speech=ng ta doc mt din vn gy n tong su dm noi c toa.
- The effective use of color can make a small room look bigger=Dng mu hu hiu c th
lm mt cn phng nh c v ln hon.
- Effective cn c ngha l c hiu qu tt. Th du: The less expensive drugs were just as
effective in treating arthritis=thuc r tin hon cng cng hiu nh thuc dt tin trong vic
trj bjnh vim khp.
* Effective = hiu qu do su vic khi hnh dng ch khng phi l do l thuyt (existing in
fact rather than theoretically) theo Fowler's Modern English Usage (p. 239)
Effectual: Fowler cng ni, effectual ngha l c hiu qu, khng dng vi ngi; nhng c
diu la l ch phn ngha ca effectual l ineffectual th dng vi ngi doc. (A person
cannot be described as effectual. But, paradoxically, a person lacking the ability to achieve
results can be said to be ineffectual.)
Efficacious: (adj) (c cng hiu) applies only to things, khng dng cho ngi; efficacious
dng vi su vt thi nh thuc men hay php trj, medicines, treatment, etc.efficacious
remedy (php trj liu hu hiu); a drug of known efficacy (noun) mt th thuc ai cng bit
l cng hiu, hiu nghim.
Efficient: c ngha l c kh nng lm vic tt (ni v ngi) nh an efficient
secretary=mt ngi th k c nng luc cao. Efficient chi c ngi hay hnh dng dem lai
kt qu ti u, d tn ph nht (best people or instruments with minimum waste or effort):
- An efficient cook, an efficient secretary, ngi du bp c nng luc, mt th k rt gii.
- Apple and Microsoft are considered efficient organizations=Apple v Microsoft l nhng t
chc bit diu hnh mt cch u vit (c nng sut cao).
* Trong ngnh qun trj hay tip thj management or marketing, hai t effective v efficient
hay dng d phn bit muc tiu. Effective l c hiu qu trong qu trnh thuc hin (lm
dng); cn efficient l c kt qu ti u trong muc tiu (lm nhanh nht, d tn nht).
Effective cn c ngha l c hiu luc, ni v mt dao lut. Ngha ny efficient khng c.
Tm li: Nu mt ngi hay mt vic doc goi l effective, th dem lai kt qu nh ,
nhng khng chc l khng tit kim th gi v nng luong. My headache is much better.
These tables are effective.=ti bt nhc du nhiu; nhng vin thuc ny hiu nghim tht.
Energy-efficient cars: The government is encouraging the production of energy-efficient
cars=Chnh ph khuyn khch sn xut thm xem hoi chay d tn xng. Khi ni mt ngi
hay mt vt hay cng ty bit t chc, khng lng ph thi gian hay nng luong, ta dng
efficient. He's not efficient: he keeps filing letters in the wrong places, he works very slowly
and keeps forgetting things=anh ta lm vic thiu hiu nng: anh xp th nhm h so; anh
lm chm v hay qun. (Michael Swan, Practical English Usage, Oxford University Press,
2009, p. 155.)
Nh vy effective v efficient du c chung ngha l c kt qu, hiu qu, hiu nghim,
nhng effective cn c thm ngha l "c hiu luc (nh mt dao lut) v efficient c thm
ngha l "tit kim th gi hay nng long ti da d mang lai kt qu ti u.
Hi p Anh ng: Phn bit accu!ac" v#
p!ecision
Ki nh chao Ban Vit Ng a i VOA va chu Pha m Vn. Cha u la 1 thinh gia thong xuyn hay
nghe cac chong trinh "Anh Ng Sinh ng" cua da i. Hm nay chau co 1 thc mc kinh
mong chu giai dap gium chau. Chau khng bit khi nao dung Accuracy, Precision. Kinh
mong chu giai dap gium chau. Trn Trong. Chau Tin
$%&ng '(n
Hoc ting Anh
C CH
Phm )*n+ ),A
Cp nht: 2.0.2012 20:00
Cm on ban d gi cu hi dn VOA.
Phn bit accuracy v precision:
Ni chung, c hai du c ngha l chnh xc, nhng accuracy c ngha nh dng, chnh
xc (dng dy ngha l st vi tiu chun, dng ngha l correctness, exactness,
truthfulness). Tnh tu ca accuracy l accurate. Precision cng c ngha l chnh xc nhng
nhn manh dn kh nng c th tao doc kt qu y ht nh mu nu c nhng diu kin
tong tu. Tnh t l precise.
1. Precision:
- He wrote with precision=Anh ta vit rt chnh xc (dng ch dng, hnh vn mach lac).
- He had precise ways of doing things and would not change=Anh ta c li lm vic rt cn
thn chnh xc v khng chju thay di. (Tnh anh ta rt k, kh thay di).
- The blood pressure instrument is a precision tool=My do p sut mu l mt dung cu
chnh xc.
- olf is precision sport=Bng gn l mn th thao cn chnh xc.
- Precisely=exactly: dng. can't remember precisely what he told me=Ti khng nh r
diu anh ta ni vi ti.
- Trong ngnh k s, precision ngha l kt qu chnh xc y ht mi khi th nghim. Th du:
My tin nhng thanh st di 20 cm th d ct 3 thanh hay 10 thanh, thanh no cng c b
di y ht nhau: d l ngha ca precision.
- Th du na: khi bn cung, nu ln no tn cng bn trng hng tm (bull's eye) th goi d
l accuracy. Nu ln no bn cng cch xa hng tm 1 phn v bn tri th d l th du v
precision. em thm bng so snh v accuracy v precision theo ngha chnh xc khoa
hoc.http:celebrating200years.noaa.govmagazinetcttct_side1.html
2. Accurate:
- Accurate information=tin dng, tin chnh xc.
- An explorer needs to have a highly accurate electronic compass=Nh thm him cn dja
bn din chnh xc.
- They question the accuracy of the information in the file=Ho nghi ng tnh cch chnh xc
ca tin tc trong h so.
- That's a fairly accurate assessment of the situation= l mt thm djnh (dnh gi) kh
chnh xc v tnh hnh.
- t's impossible to predict the weather accurately=Kh m c th tin don thi tit chnh
xc.
-. Tm li: /0ng ha" ch1nh 2c v3i m4c ti5u ha" s6 th7t+ '8ng t1nh t9 accu!ate ha"
'anh t9 accu!ac": ;h1nh 2c v3i ngh<a " ht nh% =hu>n m(u+ '8ng p!ecision:
Hi p Anh ng: Phn bit p!event v#
p!ohibit
n
Chia s:

Tin li5n h
Hi dp Anh ng: Phn bit time after time, time to time v time by time
Hi dp Anh ng: Bn v t discipline (k lut)
Hi dp Anh ng: Nhng ch vit tt
Hi dp Anh ng: Cc cu hi trc nghim
Hi dp Anh ng: Ngha ca cum t 'Short of'
C CH
Phm )*n
20.01.2013
Hi: Ti c thc mc v 2 t ny, lc no th dng prevent, lc no th dng prohibit, trong
khi chng gn nh cng ngha v du di vi gii t from in cm on.
Cho ban,

Cm on ban d gi cu hi ti VOA v phn bit cch dng gia hai ch prevent v
prohibit.
T!? l&i:
P!event c ngha d phng d mt chuyn xu hay c hai khng xy ra.
Cch dng: prevent something f!om happening.
My grandfather wrapped the Christmas ornaments in soft paper to prevent them from being
damaged = ng ti gi nhng d trang hong vo djp ing sinh bng giy mm d khi bj
h hai.
Preventive health care: y t phng nga, nh immunizations: chch nga.
Troops were sent to the area as a preventive measure = un di doc gi ti vng nh
mt bin php phng nga ni loan.
P!ohibit: cm v lut.
Stores are prohibited from selling alcohol to people under 21 = Cc tim bj cm bn rou
cho thiu nin di 21 tui.
Smoking is prohibited inside this building = Cm ht thuc trong to nh ny.
Danh t ca prohibit l prohibition.
n the sea near the reef, the use of anchors is prohibited = t's illegal to use anchors near
the reef = Cm tu th neo gn b bin c d ngm.
Tong tu: to ban.
American firms are banned from doing business with Cuba = Cng ty M bj cm bun bn
vi nc Cuba.
Tri ngha vi prohibit l allo@.
Tm li:
Prevent (ngn ng9a) v prohibit (ngn cAm) c mt dim chung l theo sau bi from v
verb-ing. Nhng prevent chi mt chuyn ngn nga d mt chuyn xu s khng xy ra,
khng c ngha l s phat nu khng tun li. Cn prohibit l cm mt vic cha xy ra, v
lut l hay qui djnh v hm c th c hnh phat nu vi pham.
To prevent = nguyn ngha l to go before = to stop something from happening and
rendering it impossible.
They prevented my escape by taking away my clothes = Ho ngn khng cho ti trn bng
cch ly ht qun o.
C th vit 2 cch: (1) He prevented me from going. Hay: (2) He prevented me going.
Nhng thng vit cch th (1).
Tnh t preventive ngha l phng nga nh preventive medicine hoc phng nga.
Danh t l p!evention.
B T4c ng:
An ounce of p!evention is a poun' of cu!e = Mt lang phng nga bng mt cn thuc
cha. (1 pound = 1 ounces = 0.5 kg) =ch dn khi c bjnh mi cha th tn tin v th
gi hon l nga trc th hon.
= P!ohibitive c mt ngha m preventive khng c. l ngn (v dt qu hay tn cng
qu) khng th thuc hin.
The price is prohibitive = i cao qu khng th mua ni.
The cost of renovate the old building is prohibitive = Vic tn trang lai cn nh c qu tn
nn dnh b.
Hi p Anh ng: C#n vD t9 'iscipline E=F
lu7tG
n
Chia s:

Tin li5n h
Hi dp Anh ng: Nhng ch vit tt
Hi dp Anh ng: Cc cu hi trc nghim
Hi dp Anh ng: Ngha ca cum t 'Short of'
Hi dp Anh ng: Su khc bit gia ecommendation letter v eference letter
Hi dp Anh ng: Cch s dung lease, rent, hire, lend, v employ
C CH
Phm )*n
05.01.2013
Hi:
T DSCPNE trong v du v cch dng Unless khi l preposition l noun ch khng phi
adjective. Adjective ca DSCPNE l DSCPNA.
Trn trong knh cho
Cho ban:
Trong email ngy 1 thng 10, 2012, ban vit: Trong bi Anh ng Sinh dng 301,
"T DSCPNE trong v du v cch dng Unless khi l preposition l noun ch khng phi
l adjective. Adjective ca DSCPNE l DSCPNA."
T!? l&i:
in lp lai doan trong bi Anh Ng Sinh ng 301: Cch dng f not v Unless.
- Unless cng dng lm preposition vi ngha ngoi tr (except). Th d!"
# dog $ecomes a ho%sehold pest& %nless disciplined ' (on ch) n%*i trong nh thnh m+t
con v,t g-. phi/n nhi0%& tr phi n) 123c l%.4n cho c) 56 l%,t.
Trong c-% n. %nless lm preposition v7 sa% %nless c) past participle dng nh2 m+t
ad8ective& 1) l disciplined.
- 9h2ng trong c-%"
# dog $ecomes a ho%sehold pest& %nless it is disciplined.
Trong c-% n. %nless lm con8%nction (li:n t) v7 sa% %nless c) m+t m4nh 1/ cla%se" it is
disciplined.
= Sau preposition, tu cu vn, c th l mt phrase, mt noun, mt pronoun, hay verbal
(v-ing); cn sau mt conjunction l mt clause. Nh trong cu trn:
A dog becomes a house pet (main clause), unless it is disciplined (subordinate clause)
hi ch thm: Danh t DSCPNE c ngha l k lut. ng t to discipline l phat, dy
d cho vo khun php. T dng t to discipline c qu kh phn t disciplined c th
dng vi to be, hay trc mt noun nh mt adjective. Th du:
The dog has been disciplined = Con ch bj ch phat.
The disciplined pupil stood alone in a corner of the classroom = Ngi hoc tr bj phat phi
dng mt mnh gc phng.
T danh t noun discipline c adjective DSCPNA = thuc v k lut, da vo k lut.
Disciplinary measures = bin php k lut.
A disciplinary hearing = vu xt x v k lut.
DSCPNAAN = ngi gi nghim k lut (The teacher is a strict disciplinarian).
Tm li:
Sau preposition c th dng mt phrase, c th l mt past participle, v c th dng nh
mt adjective, nh trong cu th du trn.
Ban vit : "Adjective ca DSCPNE l DSCPNA."
Tnh t 'isciplinal t dng; thng dng thay bi t 'isciplina!".
Tu din American Heritage Dictionary, th ed. khng c t disciplinal. Tu din ebster's
Third New nternational Dictionary th ln c ghi t 'isciplinal v ghi l tong dong
vi 'isciplina!".
Sau khi tr li chng ti c nhn doc thm email ca ban Hng Dng ni email du doc
gi sau khi nghe cell phone, nhng sau khi doc bi Anh Ng Sinh ng 301 th thc mc
ca ban doc gii to.
Chc ban manh tin