CHAPTER 4 COMBUSTION 1.

. Deduce the combustion equation for: (a) complete combustion of 1 cu ft ethylene, C2H4, in air; (b) combustion with 25 percent excess air. 2. Deduce the combustion equations for: (a) complete combustion in theoretical air of 1 mol and 1 lb octane, C8H18; (b) combustion with 12 percent excess air. 3. Deduce the combustion equations for: (a) complete combustion of 1 lb engine fuel oil, C16H30, with theoretical air; (b) combustion with 25 percent excess air; (c) combustion with 45 percent excess air. 4. Find the amount of air necessary for combustion 1 lb octane, C8H18, with theoretical air. 5. Find the amount of air necessary for combustion of 1 lb fuel oil, C16H30, with (a) 25 percent excess air and (b) 45 per cent excess air. 6. Find the amount of air necessary for combustion with 25 percent excess air of 100 cu ft natural gas which has an analysis of 25 percent H2, 0.5 percent CO, 92.0 percent CH4, 10 percent O2, 0.2 percent CO2, and 3.8 percent N2. 7. Find the volume of the combustion products formed by burning 1 lb carbon to CO2 with 60 percent excess air: (a) at a standard pressure and temperature and (b) at a pressure of 0.3 psi above atmospheric and a temperature of 720 F. 8. Find the volume of the combustion products of 1 cu ft methane with 32 percent excess air at a pressure 0.4 psi above atmospheric and a temperature of 1000 F. 9. Find the volume of the combustion products of 1 lb fuel oil, C16H30, with 40 percent excess air at a pressure of 0.45 psi above atmospheric and temperature of 600 F. 10. Find the volume of the combustion products of 25 cu ft propylene with 48 percent excess air, reduced to standard conditions. 11. Find the weight of the combustion products of 15 lb kerosene (dodecane, C12H26) with 52 percent excess air. 12. Find the weight of the combustion products of 8 lb light kerosene (decane, C10H22) with 45 percent excess air. 13. Find the weight of the combustion products of 7 lb gasoline, C8H18, with 10 percent excess air. 14. Find the weight of the combustion products of 12 lb diesel fuel oil, C16H30, with 30 percent excess air. 15. Find the weight of the combustion products with the data of problem 6. 16. A mixture of 80 percent grain alcohol and 20 percent wood alcohol is used as fuel. Find for 1 lb of this fuel: (a) the amount of air necessary for a complete combustion, (b) the volume at the combustion products at a pressure of 15 psia and a temperature of 575 F. 17. A mixture of 90 percent octane with 10 percent ethyl alcohol is used as fuel. With 10 percent excess air find for 1 lb of this fuel: (a) the amount of air necessary; (b) the volume of the combustion products at a pressure of 15.1 psia and a temperature of 1000 F. 18. Find the air-fuel ratio and excess of air present when the exhaust-gas analysis showed CO2, 12.5 percent; O2, 2.9 percent; and N2, 84.5 percent. The analysis by an Orsat apparatus showed 11.1 percent CO2; 5.7 percent O2; and the balance N2. The fuel used was fuel oil C16H30. 19. Find the air-fuel ratio and excess of air present when the exhaust-gas analysis by an Orsat apparatus showed 11.1 percent CO2; 5.7 percent O2; and the balance N2. The fuel used was fuel oil C16H30. 20. Deduce a general expression for the volume change through combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel burned with a theoretical amount of air; equation (4-37) may be helpful to start. 21. Deduce a general expression for the volume change through combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel burned with an excess of air. 22. Find the partial pressures of the combustion products formed by gasoline, C8H18, burned with 5 percent excess air: (a) at 1000 F and (b) at 70 F. 23. Find the partial pressures of the combustion products formed by kerosene, C12H26, burned with 45 percent excess air: (a) at 900 F and (b at 60 F.

CHAPTER 4 COMBUSTION 24. Find the partial pressures of the combustion products formed by compression-ignition engine fuel oil, C16H30, burned with 38 percent excess air: (a ) at 650 F and (b) at 100 F. 25. Find the gas constant of the combustion products of problem 22 with all water vapor present and also the ratio of the gas constants after and before combustion. 26. Work problem 25 using data from problem 23. 27. Work problem 25 using data from problem 24. 28. Determine the imaginary and actual volumes at 15 psia of combustion products of 1 lb fuel using data from problem 22. 29. Work problem 28 using data from problem 23. 30. Work problem 28 using data from problem 24. 31. Compute the higher and lower heat values per cubic foot of natural gas as given in problem 6. 32. Compute the higher and lower heat values per cubic foot of butane and compare them with the values given in Table 4-2. 33. Compute the higher and lower heat values per pound of n-octane and compare them with the values given in Table 4-2. 34. Compute the higher and lower heat values per pound of a gasoline that has a specific gravity of 0.745. 35. Compute the higher and lower heat values per pound of kerosene that has a specific gravity of 0.822. 36. Compute the heat values per pound of fuel oil that has a specific gravity of 0.840. 37. Determine the chemical energy per mol of hydrogen: (a) using as data its heat value at constant volume, Table 4-3; (b) using as data its heat value at constant pressure. 38. Determine the chemical energy of 1 lb n-octane and check it with the value given in Table 4-3. 39. Determine the difference between the heat values of constant-pressure and constant-volume combustion of 1 lb dodecane and find its percentage referred to the total heat value based on Table 4-3. 40. Determine the difference between the heat values of constant-pressure and constant-volume combustion of n-heptane in percentage of the latter and check with Table 4-3. 41. Compute the maximum temperature developed by combustion of gasoline, C8H18, at a constant volume, without any heat loss, with theoretical air; initial conditions t1 = 700 F, p = 150 psia. Compare it with the temperature as found by means of combustion chard, Fig. 4-5. 42. Determine the equilibrium composition and the volume of a mixture of 1 lb air with the theoretically correct amount of gasoline, C8H18, at a temperature of 3600 F and a pressure of 300 psia; check the answers with the corresponding combustion chart. 43. Using the composition as computed in problem 42 find the internal and chemical energies and the entropy of the equilibrium mixture defined by data of problem 42; check the answers with the corresponding combustion chart. 44. Work problems 42 and 43 for a mixture with 10 percent excess air. 45. Determine the equilibrium composition and the volume of a mixture of 1 lb of air with such an amount of fuel oil, C16H30, as to give 50 percent excess air. The final conditions are 3600 F and 900 psia. 46. Using the composition as computed in problem 45 find the internal and chemical energies and the entropy of the equilibrium mixture defined by data of problem 45; check the answers with the corresponding combustion ch```art. End -