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Steel design
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Steel design, or more specifically, structural steel design, is an area of knowledge of structural engineering used to design steel structures. The structures can range from schools to homes to bridges. In structural engineering, a structure is a body or combination of pieces of rigid bodies in space to form a fitness system for supporting loads. Structures such as buildings, bridges, aircraft and ships are all examples under steel structure. The effects of loads on structures are determined through structural analysis. Steel structure is steel construction material, a profile, formed with a specific shape or cross section and certain standards of chemical composition and mechanical properties. There are currently two common methods of steel design: The first (and older) method is the Allowable Strength Design (ASD) method. The second (newer) is the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) method.[1]
Contents
1 Design for strength 1.1 ASD 1.2 LRFD 1.3 ASD versus LRFD 2 Load combination equations 2.1 Allowable Strength Design 2.2 Load and Resistance Factor Design 3 AISC Steel Construction Manual 4 CISC Handbook of Steel Construction 5 References
where: Ra = required strength, Rn = nominal strength, specified in Chapters B through K of the AISC SCM, = safety factor, specified in Chapters B through K of the AISC SCM,
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Rn / = allowable strength.
LRFD
In this method, the engineer uses the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) load combinations (below) to determine the required strength of a member and arranges for the allowable strength to satisfy this equation:
where: Ru = required strength, Rn = nominal strength, specified in Chapters B through K of the AISC SCM, = resistance factor, specified in Chapters B through K of the AISC SCM, Rn = allowable strength.
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D = dead load, Di = weight of Ice, E = earthquake load, F = load due to fluids with well-defined pressures and maximum heights, Fa = flood load, H = load due to lateral earth pressure, ground water pressure, or pressure of bulk materials, L = live load due to occupancy, Lr = roof live load, S = snow load, R = nominal load due to initial rainwater or ice, exclusive of the ponding contribution, T = self straining load, W = wind load, Wi = wind on ice. Special Provisions exist for accounting flood loads and atmospheric loads i.e. Di and Wi
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Design of Members Subject to Combined Loading Design Consideration for Bolts Design Considerations for Welds Design of Connecting Elements Design of Simple Shear Connections Design of Flexure Moment Connections Design of Fully Restrained (FR) Moment Connections Design of Bracing Connections and Truss Connections Design of Beam Bearing Plates, Column Base Plates, Anchor Rods, and Column Splices Design of Hanger Connections, Bracket Plates, and Crane-Rail Connections Specifications and Codes Miscellaneous Data and Mathematical Information General Nomenclature
References
1. ^ Steel Construction Manual (13th ed.). American Institute of Steel Construction. 2006. ISBN 1-56424-055-X. 2. ^ http://peer.berkeley.edu/~yang/courses/ce248/CE248_CN_Loading_and_Gravity_loads.pdf
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel_design
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