EXPERIMENT 6 THREE-PHASE AC INDUCTION MOTOR 1.

0 Introduction
The motor used in this experiment is a Three-Phase AC Induction Motor . A three-phase induction motor is a machine that has a stator and a rotor. Stator and rotor are made of highly magnetizable core sheet providing low eddy current and hysteresis losses. The stator carries a 3-phase winding (called stator winding) while the rotor carries a short-circuited winding (called rotor winding). Only the stator winding is fed from 3-phase supply. The rotor winding derives its voltage and power from the externally energized stator winding through electromagnetic induction rather than being physically connected by wires. So this is why there machines are called induction machines. The induction motor may be considered to be a transformer with a rotating secondary therefore, be described as a transformer type a.c. machine in which electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy. Three -Phase motor is widely used in industry due to its low maintenance characteristics. Typical applications include fans, pumps, domestic appliances, office equipment and industrial drives. This experiment is conducted to operate a Three-Phase AC Induction Motor with its AC driver and to study and analyze the relationships between Speed, Current, Power Factor and Efficiency of a ThreePhase AC Induction Motor. The speed of induction motor is dependent on motor design. The synchronous speed (the speed at which the stator field rotates) is determined by the frequency of input ac power and the number of poles in the stator. The relationship between poles (P), frequency (f) and synchronous speed (ns) is:

Like any other a.c. machine, the power factor of an induction motor is given by;

While efficiency of a.c machine is given by;

Equipment and Part:

No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Equipment Three-Phase AC Drive Three-Phase AC Induction Motor Digital Multimeter Ammeter AC Voltmeter Contactor Selector Switch Tacho Meter Cable Quantity 1 1 2 3 3 1 1 1

2.0 Procedure
1. All cables were disconnected from stator and leaving in delta connection. The three winding resistance between were measured and then the readings were tabulated.

2. All winding resistance to ground connection was checked. The resistance between were measured and then the readings were tabulated. 3. The equipment was set up and connected as shown in Figure 6.1 and Figure 6.2. Then the connections were checked by the instructor.

Figure 6.1 Circuit Diagram

L Selector Switch A1 A2 240V

Contactor N

Figure 6.2 Control Circuit 4. The power was switched on and the potential divider at AC Drive was adjusted to allow the motor running at 100rpm. 5. The motor was run and the Speed, Voltage, Current and Volt-Ampere for frequency from 10Hz to 60Hz were measured and observed. The reading was then tabulated. 6. The power was then switched off. 7. The values of Volts-Ampere was calculated using the tabulation of the reading in Table 1 with the following formula.

(VA) 8. A graph of Speed against Frequency and Current against Frequency were drawn. Both of the graphs were analyzed. 9. A conclusion was stated for the whole experiment.

3.0 Experiment Result Measured point Resistance () 22.3 22.4 22.5

Table 1

Measured point

Resistance ()

Table 2 Frequency, (Hz) 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Voltage , (V) 30.03 81.80 102.7 122.4 142.5 162.3 182.2 201.4 220.6 239.6 258.2 Current, (A) 0.67 0.66 0.66 0.64 0.64 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.62 0.62 0.46 Table 3
2000 1800 1600 1400

Speed, (rpm) 296.5 446.5 597.3 745.8 898.6 1046 1196 1345 1494 1645 1794

Volts-Amperes, (VA) 34.85 93.51 117.4 135.7 158.0 177.1 198.8 219.8 236.9 257.3 205.7

Speed against Frequency

Speed, rpm

1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

Frequency, Hz

Current against Frequency

0.8 0.7 0.6

Current

0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Frequency

4.0 Calculation
At 100 rpm, the frequency is 3.3 Hz.

By using formula:

When frequency = 10Hz, Volt - Amperes = 3 x 30.03V x 0.67A = 34.85 VA

When frequency = 15 Hz, Volt - Amperes = 3 x 81.80 V x 0.66 A = 93.51 VA

When frequency = 20 Hz, Volt - Amperes = 3 x 102.7 V x 0.66 A = 117.4 VA

When frequency = 25 Hz, Volt - Amperes = 3 x 122.4 V x 0.64 A = 135.7 VA

When frequency = 30 Hz, Volt - Amperes = 3 x 142.5 V x 0.64 A = 158.0 VA

When frequency = 35 Hz, Volt - Amperes = 3 x 162.3 V x 0.63 A = 177.1 VA

When frequency = 40 Hz, Volt - Amperes = 3 x 182.2 V x 0.63 A = 198.8 VA

When frequency = 45 Hz, Volt - Amperes = 3 x 201.4 V x 0.63 A = 219.8 VA

When frequency = 50 Hz, Volt - Amperes = 3 x 220.6 V x 0.62 A = 236.9 VA

When frequency = 55 Hz, Volt - Amperes = 3 x 239.2 V x 0.62 A = 257.3 VA

When frequency = 60 Hz,

Volt - Amperes = 3 x 258.2 V x 0.46 A

= 205.7 VA

5.0 Discussion From the experiment, we have learned that the AC induction motor is a rotating electric machine designed to operate from a three-phase source of alternating voltage. The stator winding consists of three individual windings which overlap one another and are offset by an electrical angle of 120. When it is connected to the power supply, the incoming current will first magnetize the stator. This magnetizing current generates a rotary field which turns with synchronous speed ns. Besides that, the relationships between Speed, Current, Power Factor and Efficiency of a Three-Phase AC Induction Motor is clearly shown in this experiment. When all cables were disconnected from the stator, the three winding resistance , , are 22.3, 22.4 and 22.5 respectively. are approximately same indicate

The resistance between resistance

that the Y connection of induction motor is balance. Besides that, when all the winding resistances are connected to ground connection, the three winding resistances between are infinite values which indicate that there is no connection. Furthermore, when the power is switched on and the potential divider at AC drive is adjusted to allow the motor running 100 rpm, the pole number of the induction motor produced is four. According to the graph of Speed against Frequency obtained above, it showed that the Speed (rpm) is directly proportional to the Frequency (Hz) which means that when the speed increases , the frequency also increases. This shown that the changing of frequency will affect the speed of AC motor. Next, from the graph of Current against Frequency shown that when the frequency increases the current decrease. This is due to voltage is inversely proportional to current which obeys the Ohm's Law. Therefore, frequency is inversely proportional to current. The Voltage - Ampere (VA) is calculated using the following formula:

Based on the calculations, the Voltage - Ampere increases as the frequency increase. The lowest value of 30.03 VA when the frequency is at 10 Hz. It reaches a peak value 258.2 VA when the frequency is at 60 Hz.

6.0 Conclusion
Throughout the experiment, we have learnt the way to operate a Three-Phase AC Induction Motor with its AC Driver. We are also able to analyze the relationships between Speed, Current, Power Factor and Efficiency of a Three-Phase AC Induction Motor. It has been shown that the Induction Machine is useful and efficient method of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, or vice-versa. From the researches, it has been identified a few advantages and also disadvantages of Induction Motor as below : Advantages (i) It has simple and rugged construction. (ii) It is relatively cheap. (iii) It requires little maintenance. (iv) It has high efficiency and reasonably good power factor. (v) It has self starting torque. Disadvantages (i) It is essentially a constant speed motor and its speed cannot be changed easily. (ii) Its starting torque is inferior to d.c. shunt motor

7.0 Additional http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-phase_electric_power