XI - CHEMISTRY QUESTION PAPER 5

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1. What happens when sodium metal is heated in free supply of air? 2. Given:

Determine H for the reaction 2Al2O !s" #Al !s" $ O2 !%". . &'plain why (eH 2 molecule has )ero dipole moment althou%h the (e* H +onds are polar? #. ,redict the shape of the ,H molecule accordin% to -.&,/ theory. 0. Which isotope of hydro%en is radioactive? 1. Write the correct 23,A4 name of the compound %iven +elow:

5. How many mono su+stituted derivatives of naphthalene are possi+le? 6. 7ame any two %ases responsi+le for %reenhouse effect. 8. Arran%e the followin% ions in order of increasin% ionic radius:9$: , *: .2*: 4l*. Give reason. 1;.<he successive ioni)ation ener%ies of a certain element are 21 = 068.0 >?@mol: 22 = 11#0 >?@mol: 2 = #8;; >?@mol: 2# = 10;; >?@mol: 20 = 61;; >?@mol. <his pattern of ioni)ation ener%ies su%%ests that the un>nown element is: a" 9 +" .i c" 4a d" As. &'plain. 11.A sample of %as occupies .;; A at 51; torr. 4alculate the volume the %as will occupy if the pressure is chan%ed to 1.#0 atm and the temperature remains constant. 1

12.A mi'ture of hydro%en and o'y%en at 1 +ar pressure contains 2; B +y mass of hydro%en .4alculate the partial pressure of hydro%en. 1 .4omplete the followin% reactions:

1#.&'plain : i" Al>ali metals are soft and can +e cut with help of a >nife. ii" ,otassium is more reactive than sodium. 10. i" How would you distin%uish +etween (e.O#and (a.O#? ii" Which is thermally most sta+le al>aline earth metal car+onate amon% C%4O : 4a4O : .r4O : (a4O ? Why? 11.Why .i4l# can +e easily hydrolysed +ut 44l# cannot +e hydrolysed easily? &'plain with reaction. 15.Arran%e +en)ene: he'ane and ethyne in decreasin% order of acidic +ehaviour .Also %ive reasons for this +ehaviour. 16..tate the difference +etween classical smo% and photochemical smo%. 18.0; >% of 72 !%" D 1;.; >% H2 !%" of are mi'ed to produce 7H !%" identify the limitin% rea%ent. Also: calculate the amount of 7H 2;. i" 4alculate the wavelen%th in nm: of visi+le li%ht havin% a freEuency of #. 5 ' 1;*1#@s. ii" What are freEuency and wavelen%th of a photon emitted durin% a transition from n = 1 to n = 1 state in the hydro%en atom. 21. i" &'plain why the followin% electronic confi%uration is not formed.

possi+le: ii" 22. i" ii" Draw the resonatin% structures of car+on dio'ide molecule. Why is 7F tri%onal pyramidal while (F is tri%onal planar: thou%h +oth are tetra atomic molecules? iii" .tate the hy+ridi)ation of car+on atoms in the fi% +elow num+ered 2 Write electric confi%urations of 4u D 4u2$.

1 D 2:

2 .4onsider the reaction:

2ndicate the direction in which the eEuili+rium will shift when: !i" !ii" 4oncentration of .O2 is increased. 4oncentration of .O is increased.

!iii" <emperature is increased. 2#. i" 4alculate the concentration of hydro'yl ion in ;.1 C solution of ammonium hydro'ide havin% 9+ = 1.6 ' 1;*0. ii" 9sp valueof two sparin%ly solu+le salts 7i !OH"2 and A%47 are 2 ' 1;*10 and 1.; ' 1;*15 respectively. Which salt is more solu+le? 20.Write the +alanced eEuation +y half*reaction method: !in acidic medium" 21. i" ii" Draw the structural isomers of pentane. Give the 23,A4 names of the followin% compounds.

a"

+"

c" 25. i" ;.2#50 % of an or%anic compound %ave on com+ustion ;.#80; % of car+on dio'ide and ;.2;20 % of water. 4alculate the percenta%e of

4 and H in it. ii" What will happen durin% Aassai%neGs test for nitro%en if the compound also contains sulphur? 26. i" 2n a process: 5;1 ? of heat is a+sor+ed +y a system and 8# ? of wor> is done +y the system. What is the chan%e in internal ener%y for the process? ii" <he eEuili+rium constant for the reaction is 1;. 4alculate the value of HGI. Given / = 6.; ?@mol: < = ;; 9. Or 4alculate the lattice ener%y for the chan%e: Ai$!%" $ 4l*!%" Given that: : : Ai4l!s"

28. i" When happens when +ora' solution is acidified. Write the chemical reactions for the reaction. ii" iii" &'plain why (F e'ists whereas (H does not? .iO2 is solid +ut 4O2 is a %as at room temperature.

Or When a metal J is treated with 7aOH a white precipitate !A" is o+tained: which is solu+le in e'cess of 7aOH to %ive solu+le comple' !(". 4ompound !A" is solu+le in dilute H4l to form compound !4".<he compound !A" when heated stron%ly %ives D which is used to e'tract metal. 2dentify !J": !A": !(": !4" D D. Write suita+le eEuations to support their identities. ;. 4omplete the followin% reactions:

i)

ii)

iii)

iv)

v) Or

a) Convert benzene to

b) Convert

to

ANS:ERS - QUESTION PAPER 5

1. On heatin% sodium in free supply of air: it forms sodium pero'ide. 2 7a!s" $ O2 !Air" 2. 7a2O2

= 2 ' !$ !1:15;"" >?@mol = $ : #; >?@ mol.

. (eH2 is a linear molecule with H*(e*H +ond an%le as 16;K. Althou%h the (e*H +onds are polar: the +ond polarities cancel each other and the net dipole moment is )ero. #. <ri%onal pyramidal. 0. <ritium. 1. 2: *Dimethylpentane. 5. .

6. 4ar+on dio'ide and methane. 8. All the ions are isoelectronic with 16 electrons. 2f the num+er of electrons is the same: as the num+er of protons increase: the nuclear char%e increases and hence the outermost electrons will e'perience a %reater force of attraction towards the nucleus. <his results in the decrease in ionic radii. .ince the nuclear char%e decreases 9$ to , *: from the ionic radii increases from 9$ to , *. 1;.<he un>nown element is 4a. Here the third ioni)ation ener%y is very hi%h which su%%est that the removal of the third electron is difficult. <he electronic confi%uration of calcium is LArM #s2 first two electrons can +e removed without much difficulty. (ut the removal of third electron from the sta+le electronic confi%uration of ar%on is difficult. Hence: the third ioni)ation ener%y is hi%h. 11.(ased on (oyleNs law: ,1-1 = ,2-2 !at constant temperature"

51; torr@51; torr@atm ' A = 1.#0 atm ' -2 A -2 = 2.;5 A. 12..ince 2; B +y mass of hydro%en is present in the mi'ture: mass of hydro%en in the mi'ture is 2; % in 1;; % of the mi'ture present. /emainin% mass in the mi'ture is of o'y%en = 6; % 7o.of moles of H = 2;@2 %@mol = 1; mol 6

7o. of moles of O = 6;@ 2 %@mol = 2.0 mol Cole fraction of hydro%en

,artial pressure of hydro%en

<herefore: the partial pressure of hydro%en is ;.6 +ar. 1 .

1#.
i. Al>ali metals have lar%e atomic si)e with only one valence electron.

<hus: they have wea> metallic +ondin% +etween the atoms of the metal (ecause of wea> metallic +ondin%O al>ali metals are soft and can +e cut with a >nife.
ii. /eactivity of metals depends on ioni)ation enthalpy. .maller is the

ioni)ation enthalpy: %reater is the reactivity. ,otassium has a lar%er atomic si)e than sodium. <hus: the ioni)ation enthalpy of potassium is less than sodium. Hence: potassium is more reactive than sodium. 10. i. (arium and (eryllium sulphate can +e distin%uished +y solu+ility test. (eryllium sulphate is solu+le in water and +arium sulphate is insolu+le in water. ii. (arium car+onate is thermally most sta+le al>aline earth metal car+onate +ecauseO its ion +ein% lar%er in si)e is more sta+ili)ed +y lar%er car+onate ion throu%h the formation of sta+le lattice. 11. 2n .i4l#: .i atom has empty d*or+itals in its valence shell. <hese empty 7

d or+itals of .i can accept lone pair of electrons from water molecule. &ventually this results in hydrolysis formin% silicon tetrachloride and silicon hydro'ide.

4ar+on atom on the other hand does not have any vacant d*or+itals in its valence shell. Hence: it cannot accept the electron pair from water molecule. <hus: 44l # does not hydrolyse. 15.<he decreasin% order of acidic +ehaviour is: &thyne P +en)ene P n* pentane. <he 4*H +ond in ethyne: +en)ene and n*pentane are formed overlap. 7ow: %reater the percenta%e s character: %reater is the electrone%ativity. <he 4* H +ond in ethyne: +en)ene and n Q pentane is formed +y sp Q s: sp2 Q s: sp Q s overlap. 7ow: %reater the percenta%e s character: %reater is the electrone%ativity. <herefore: sp*hy+ridised car+on in ethyne is more electrone%ative than sp2 hy+ridised car+on of +en)ene which in turn is more electrone%ative than sp hy+ridised car+on of n Q pentane. <hus the polarity of 4 Q H +ond is in the order: &thyne P (en)ene P ,entane. 16. 4lassical smo% Occurs in cool humid climate. ,hotochemical smo% Occurs in warm: dry and sunny climate. 2t is a mi'ture of smo>e: fo% and sulphur dio'ide. 4omponents of photochemical smo% result from the action of sunli%ht on unsaturated hydrocar+ons D o'ides of nitro%en produced +y automo+iles D factories.

18.

******************* !1" Accordin% to eEn !1": 1 mole of nitro%en %as reacts with moles of hydro%en %as

0.; ' 1; moles of hydro%en will %ive = 2@ ' 0 ' 1; moles of 7H = . ' 1; moles of 7H Cass of 7H produced = . ' 1; ' 15 % of 7H = 01.1 >% 2;. i"

H& = 2.16 ' 1;*16 !

"

.ince H& is ne%ative ener%y: the freEuency of photon is %iven +y

21. i. For n = 1: -alue of l = n Q 1 = 1 Q 1= ; For each value of l: -alue of ml = * 1: ;: $1 <herefore: For n= 1: l = ;: ml =;. .o the value of ml =1 is not possi+le. ii. <he electronic confi%uration of 4u = 1s22s22p1 s2 p1 d1;#s1. <he electronic confi%uration of 4u2$ = 1s22s22p1 s2 p1 d8 22. i. /esonatin% structures of car+on dio'ide molecule

10

ii. 2n 7F : 7 atom involves sp hy+ridi)ation and one position is occupied +y a lone pair. <herefore the molecule is tri%onal pyramidal. (ut in (F : ( involves sp2 hy+ridi)ation havin% tri%onal planar %eometry. <hus 7F is tri%onal pyramidal while (F is tri%onal planar: even thou%h +oth are tetra atomic molecules. iii.

2 . i. 2f the concentration of .O2 is increased the eEuili+rium will shift in the forward direction to consume the reactant .O2. ii. 2f the concentration of .O is increased the eEuili+rium will shift in the +ac>ward direction to consume the product .O . iii. 2f the temperature is increased: the eEuili+rium will shift in the +ac>ward direction as the increase in temperature will +e compensated +y a+sor+in% heat. 2#. i. 9+ = L7H#$M LOH*M@L7H#OHM

ii.

11

.ince solu+ility of 7i!OH"2 is more than A%47: 7i!OH"2 is more solu+le than A%47. 20. .tep 1 : Write the o'idation no.s and separate the reaction into o'idation half and reduction half reactions

.tep 2: <he half reactions are:

.tep : (alance the O'. 7o. +y addin% electrons

.tep #: <here are no o'y%en atoms. .o: +alance the hydro%en atoms.

12

.ince the reaction ta>es place in acidic medium: the +alancin% of hydro%en atoms is done +y addin% the appropriate num+er of hydro%en ions to the deficient side.

.tep 0: Add the two reactions to %et the +alanced redo' reaction.

21. i. <here are three structural isomers of pentane:

ii. a" 2: 2: *<rimethylhe'ane +" &thylcyclopentane c" 25. *&thylhe'ane

13

!ii" (lood red colouration due to Fe!47."will +e produced. 26. i. Heat a+sor+ed +y the system !E"= $ 5;1 ? Wor> done +y the system !w" = * 8# ? 4han%e in the internal ener%y !H3" = E $ w = $ 5;1 $ ! * 8#" = $ ;5 ? ii. HGI = * 2. ; /< lo% 9

Or

.u+stitutin% the values: we %et HHI = * 12.856 >? .u+stitutin% the values for HGI = HHI * <H.I : we %et HGI = * 2611.2 ?. .ince the value of HGI is ne%ative: the reaction is spontaneous. 28. i" (ora' solution on acidification forms +oric acid.

14

ii"

(F is tri%onal planar molecule. Due to p * p +ac> +ondin% lone pair of electrons of F is +ac> donated to ( atom. <his delocali)ation reduces the deficiency of electrons of +oron there+y increasin% the sta+ility of (F molecule. <he mechanism is as follows:

Due to a+sence of lone pair of electrons on H atom this compensation does not occur in (H . 2n other words electron deficiency of ( stays D hence it reduces its electron deficiency as (H dimerises to form (2H1. iii" 4ar+on is a+le to form p Q p +ond with O atom and constitute a sta+le non * polar molecule O = 4 = O. Due to wea> inter particle force its +oilin% point is low and it is %as at room temperature. .i on the other hand is not a+le to from p Q p +ond with O atoms +ecause of its relatively lar%e si)e. 2n order to complete its octet .i is lin>ed to four O atoms around it +y si%ma +ond D these constitutes networ> structure: which is responsi+le for its solid Or

;.

15

Or

i"

ii"

16