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Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2013 ISSN 2319 - 4847
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a review of many papers and reports on various techniques of economic dispatch over a past decade. Objective is to put all studies together under single heading for comparison & better understanding of all studies performed in past.
Keywords: Economic load dispatch, Evolution method, Genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization
1. INTRODUCTION
Economic dispatch is defined as the process of allocating generation levels to the generating units, so that the system load may be supplied entirely and most economically. A general survey of the present level of economic dispatch is done in this paper. Several techniques have been introduced to solve the optimisation of ELD, which can be divided into conventional and stochastic methods. Conventional methods use a deterministic approach, such as the LaGrange multiplier, Linear Programming (LP) and Dynamic Programming (DP). These methods have limitations when coping with more complex problems. The LaGrange Multiplier and LP are unable to solve problems with nonlinear and non-smooth characteristics. The DP method has a problem with dimensionality because its storage requirements and execution time increase dramatically when the number of generators is increased and higher accuracy is needed. Recent techniques have been developed using stochastic approaches for solving optimisation problems. Examples are an Adaptive Hopfield Neural Network, the Simulated Annealing method, and Genetic Algorithms (GA), amongst others. These new methods offer attempt to overcome the drawbacks of conventional methods.
2. EVOLUTION METHOD
L.H. Wua, Y.N. Wanga, X.F. Yuana, S.W. Zhoub [1] represent the EED problem as a nonlinear constrained multiobjective problem with objectives of fuel cost, emission and system loss. The future MODE approach adopts an external elitist archive to retain non-dominated a multi-objective differential evolution (MODE) algorithm for environmental/economic power dispatch (EED) problem. Solutions found during the evolutionary process. In order to protect the diversity of Pareto optimality, a crowding entropy diversity compute policy is proposed. The crowding entropy strategy is able to measure the crowding degree of the solutions more accurately. In addition, fuzzy set speculation is employed to extract the best compromise solution. Numerous optimization runs of the proposed approach have been carried out on the IEEE 30- and 118-bus test system. The results exhibit the capability of the proposed MODE approach to generate well-distributed Pareto optimal non-dominated solutions of multi-objective EED problem. The evaluation with reported results of other MOEAs reveals the superiority of the proposed MODE approach and confirms its potential for solving other power systems multi-objective optimization problems. Aniruddha Bhattacharya 1, Pranab Kumar Chattopadhyay [2] presents the consideration of emission substances like NOX, SOX, COX, power demand equality constraint and operating limit constraint are considered here. And to solve complex economic emission load dispatch (EELD) problems of thermal generators of power systems, it present combination of differential evolution (DE) and Biogeography-based Optimization (BBO) algorithm. Biogeography-based Optimization (BBO) is another new biogeography inspired algorithm. This algorithm proposed to accelerate the convergence speed of both the algorithm and to improve solution quality through two steps: migration and mutation. The current proposal applied for solving multi objective EELD problems in a 3 generator system with NOX and SOX emission, in a 6 generators system considering NOX emission, in a 6 generator system addressing both valve-point loading and NOX emission and found better in terms of quality of the compromising and individual solution obtained.
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4. CONCLUSIONS
This paper is the review of some optimization techniques that were applied to the optimal power flow problem and emphasized the diversity of formulations and the breadth of the scope of problems considered. The time period covered is past 10 years. We have tried to include as much descriptions of the contents as possible in order to include the important and unique aspects of each paper within the limitations of a single paper. Our attempt is directed at evaluating and comparing relative performances of the existing algorithms but at presenting a clear picture of what is available so that a researcher in the area of generation dispatch can identify problems and seek their solutions.
REFERENCES
[1] Environmental/economic power dispatch problem using multi-objective differential evolution algorithm_ L.H. Wua, Y.N. Wanga, X.F. Yuana, S.W. Zhoub 11 May 2010 [2] Solving economic emission load dispatch problems using hybrid differential evolution Aniruddha Bhattacharya1, Pranab Kumar Chattopadhyay 31 October 2010 [3] Evolutionary programming based economic dispatc units with non-smooth fuel cost functions Hong-Tzer Yang Member, IEEE Pai-Chum Yang Ching-Lien Huang Member, IEEE JEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 11, No. 1, February 1996 [4] On-Line Optimal Power Flow Using Evolutionary Programming Techniques M.I. Mosaad, M.M. El Metwally, A.A. El Emary and F.M. El Bendary Thammasat Int. J. Sc. Tech., Vol. 15, No. 1, January-March 2010 20 [5] A Genetic Algorithm for Solving the Optimal Power Flow Problem Tarek BOUKTIRa, Linda SLIMANIa, M. BELKACEMIb Issue 4, January-June 2004 p. 44-58 [6] An Initialization Procedure in Solving Optimal Power Flow by Genetic Algorithm Mirko Todorovski and Dragoslav Rajicic, Senior Member, IEEE ieee transactions on power systems, vol. 21, no. 2, may 2006 [7] New approach of optimal power flow with genetic algorithms Mohammed LAOUER, Ahmed ALLALI, Abdelkader CHAKER, Kaddour HACHEMI Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica Vol. 8, No. 2, 2008, 3542 [8] A Hybrid Genetic AlgorithmInterior Point Method for Optimal Reactive Power Flow Wei Yan, Fang Liu, C. Y Chung, Member, IEEE, and K. P. Wong, Fellow, IEEE IEEE transactions on power systems, vol. 21, no. 3, august 2006 [9] Particle swarm optimization for various types of economic dispatch problems D.N. Jeyakumar b, T. Jayabarathi a,*, T. Raghunathan a Received 1 June 2004; received in revised form 17 May 2005; accepted 26 September 2005 [10] Quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm for economic load dispatch of power system Zhang Zhisheng Qingdao University, School of Automation Engineering, Qingdao 266071, China [11] A novel crazy swarm optimized economic load dispatch for various types of cost functions Ranjit Roy a,*, S.P. Ghoshal b accepted 20 July 2007 [12] Analysis of particle interaction in particle swarm optimization Ying-ping Chen_, Pei Jiang [13] A fuzzy adaptive chaotic ant swarm optimization for economic dispatch Jiejin Cai a,b, , Qiong Li c, Lixiang Li d, Haipeng Peng d, Yixian Yang d Available online 22 October 2011 [14] A novel multi-objective directed bee colony optimization algorithm for multi-objective emission constrained economic power dispatch Rajesh Kumar a, Abhinav Sadu a, Rudesh Kumar a, S.K. Panda b Available online 20 July 2012 [15] neural-net based real-time economic dispatch for thermal power plants Miodrag DjukanoviC Milan CaloviC Borka Milogevik Dejan J. Sobajic IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 11, No. 4, December 1996
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