International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2013 ISSN 2319 - 4847

Analysis of Q-Factor at Different Wavelength in FSO Under Different Weather Conditions

Pinky Vishwakarma 1 and Jay Prakash Vijay 2
1

Rajasthan Technical University, Kota

Abstract
Free space optics (FSO) has the great potential for future communication. FSO link is a license free, secure and easily deployable and offers low bit error rate link. Over the last two decades free space optical communication (FSO) has becomes more and more interesting as an adjacent or alternative to radio frequency communication. However weather influenced reduced availability had been the main cause for its restricted growth. The performance of the proposed model has been compared with well known model for measured Q-Factor of continental clear and fog weather at different values of wavelength. The analysis is carried out that which ranges of wavelength remains unaffected in different weather condition for free space optical communication.

Keywords: Free Space optics (FSO), Q-Factor; Wavelength, Weather

1. INTRODUCTION
FREE SPACE OPTICS (FSO) is a major hot topic in communication systems nowadays; its a technology that uses light beam propagating from the transmitter through Free Space to transmit data received at the other side of the two point communication system. FSO is often referred to as Fibreless Optics or Optical Wireless Communication [1]. The high carrier frequency of FSO in the range of 20THz to 375THz, renders it to provide high data rates. It can be considered as an Optical Fiber replacement especially when the physical connections are impractical due to several considerations. The increased applications of wireless communication have many disadvantages such as Bandwidth regulations, power limiting, high data rates etc. Where FSO may appears as its main advantages are: 1) no licensing requirements or tariffs for link utilization; 2) absence of radiofrequency radiation hazards; 3) no need of road digging as in the case of optical fiber; 4) large bandwidth which enables high data rates; 5) low power consumption [2] . FSO Links are suitable for few Gb/s rates over distances in the range 1-5 km [3]. Different FSO implementation scenarios recently under research are ground-to-ground, satellite uplink/downlink, inter-satellite or deep space probes to ground, ground-to-air e.g. UAV,HAP / air-to-ground terminal. The propagation channel for FSO is atmosphere and FSO links are mainly affected by the local weather. The most detrimental attenuation factor is fog among all the attenuation factors of FSO. The performance of FSO links can be analyzed by prediction of attenuation factor in terms of visibility. In this paper we have used Kruse model that predict the specific attenuation in terms of visibility. It has been calculated for the different conditions like fog, haze and clear at different wavelengths. Major Challenges faced by FSO is that it use the air as a transmitting media between transmitters and receivers where various weather conditions can affect the performance of FSO Link, most likely known weather phenomena are scattering and Turbulence which causes attenuation in the transmitted Signal those results in high bit error rate or signal loss at the receiver end [4]. In this paper we have focused on the atmospheric effects on FSO in different conditions. FSO is just starting to be applied to solve the Internet last-mile interconnectivity problem. Some believe that it may be the unlimited bandwidth solution for the metro urban core of downtown building to-building communication, as well as the optimal technology for home-to-home and office-to-office connectivity. FSO systems have been shown to be reliable (99.9% to 99.999%) communication channels with fast bandwidth. They are easy to set up and provide cost-effective solutions. The industry, however, does not yet know how to properly deploy them in telecom networks. To address these concerns, the FSO community recently launched the Free Space Optics Alliance to educate the communication industry as a whole. It is believed that industry-wide education will enable standards to emerge and growth of FSO technology to occur. Finally, it should be noted that to better quantify the technical and scientific aspects of FSO, there is still a need for research in new laser sources, atmospheric spectroscopy, multi-beam and active alignment techniques and multi-detector averaging. The remainder of this paper has been organized as follows: Section 2 presents the FSO model link using Bit Error Rate. Prediction of continental fog attenuation using visibility data is described in section 3. In section 4 performance of FSO is analyzed in different weather conditions at different wavelengths. Based on the theory presented a numerical analysis is carried out. Concluding remarks finalize this paper in section 5.

2. FREE SPACE OPTICAL LINK MODEL

FSO Link Parameters:Parameter
Transmission Rate

Symbol
Bit Rate

Value
1 Gbps

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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2013 ISSN 2319 - 4847
Link Distance Optical Transmitted power Transmitter wave length Transmitters & Receiver's optics efficiencies Transmitters & Receiver's Apertures Z PT 1 Km 320 mw 1550 nm 0.8,0.75 10 cm

Figure 1 FSO Link Structure In this section, we introduce in Table 1 important FSO parameters that formulate the designed link and kept constant by various FSO vendors [5-6]. Other various specs and parameters mentioned in Section II are chosen from FSO vendors to support following performance analysis [7,8]. during all the following analysis. These values are chosen to meet the latest practical FSO links and are provided

3 .PREDICTION OF CONTINENTAL FOG ATTENUATION USING VISIBILITY DATA VISIBILITY:

According to the fog models visibility is defined as the distance to an object where the image distinction drops to 2% of what it would be if the object were nearby instead. As the fog produces huge signal attenuation For considerable amount of time, therefore it was analyzed as the most destructive factor. The visibility is measured at 550nm wavelength which corresponds to the maximum intensity of solar spectrum. Visibility is the only one at most parameter which describe fog and according to its definition given above. It is measured at meteorological stations or airports. The specific attenuation in dB/km for Kim and Kruse model is given by[4]. att spec-Kim & kruse= Where, V(km)= visibility (nm)= wavelength 0 = visibility reference wavelength For Kruse Model .(2) Equation no. (2) indicates that for any meteorological condition there will be less attenuation for higher wavelengths. (1)

4. NUMERICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

According to the model presented and using Matlab we regenerate the Q-Factor at different weather conditions by varying wavelengths and also represented the corresponding output i.e. Q-factor vs wavelength graph and thus analyzing the result. Table 2 :Factor for clear condition at different wavelength

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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2013 ISSN 2319 - 4847
At =1551nm to 1560nm Wavelength(nm Q-Factor ) 1551 2113.64 1552 2113.48 1553 2113.32 1554 2113.16 1555 2113.00 1556 2112.84 1557 2112.68 1558 2112.52 1559 2112.36 1560 2112.20 At =781nm to 790nm Wavelength(nm Q-Factor ) 781 2211.04 782 2210.95 783 2210.86 784 2210.78 785 2210.69 786 2210.60 787 2210.52 788 2210.43 789 2210.34 790 2210.26

Table 3: Q-Factor for fog condition at different wavelengths

At =1551nm to 1560nm Wavelength(nm Q-Factor )
1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 2237.29 2237.28 2237.28 2237.27 2237.27 2237.26 2237.26 2237.25 2237.24 2237.24

At =781nm to 790nm Wavelength(nm Q) Factor

781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 2239.22 2239.22 2239.22 2239.22 2239.22 2239.22 2239.22 2239.22 2239.22 2239.22

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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2013 ISSN 2319 - 4847
In case of fog condition from the above result which is obtained it is clear that Q-factor for the range of 781nm-790nm wavelength is absolutely constant than that of 1551nm-1560nm. Therefore, wave of range 781m-790m is suitable for free space optical communication(FSO) in fog weather condition.

5. CONCLUSION
In this paper we have analyzed the Q-factor at different weather conditions in Free Space optical Communication. From this find that the wavelength of range 781nm to 790nm is suitable in both clear as well as fog condition. The resultant QFactor is determined by using Kruse model and also find that there is minimum attenuation and power in the above range of wavelength.

References
[1] S. Bloom, E. Korevaar, J. Schuster and H. Willebrand Understanding the performance of free-space optics [Invited], Journal of optical networking, vol. 2. no.6, June.2003. [2] S. Arnon Optical Wireless Communications, Encyclopedia of Optical Engineering, 2003. [3] A. A. Farid and S. Hranilovic, Outage capacity optimization for freespace optical links with pointing errors, J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 25, pp. 17021710, July 2007 [4] X. Zhu and J. Kahn, Free space optical communication through atmospheric turbulence channels, IEEE Trans. Commun.,vol. 50, no. 8,pp. 12931300, Aug. 2002. [5] fSONA Optical Wireless. [Online]. Available: http://www.fsona.com [6] LIGHTPOINTE Wireless . [Online]. Available: www.lightpointe.com [7] Applied Optoelectronics. [Online]. Available: http://www.aoinc.com. [8] HAMAMATSU. [Online]. Available: http://www.hamamatsu.com

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