1

Lecture No. : 5

Solution Steps :
Fixed End Moment

FEM

Relative Stiffness

RS

Distribution Factor

DF

Table :
Fixed End Moment
Distribution Moment
Carry Over Moment
Distribution Moment
2

Solution Steps :
Fixed End Moment

P
w

L
w

FEM
w L2

L2

20

30

PL
8

P b a2

P a b2

L
2

wL
12

L2

L2

L
3

Solution Steps :
Relative Stiffness

Sym

Anti-Sym

RS

4
EI
K=
K = Ko
L
3
EI
K=
K = 3/4 Ko
L
2
EI
K = 1/2 Ko
K=
L
6
EI
K = 3/2 Ko
K=
L
4

Solution Steps :
DF

Distribution Factor

1
3

1+2+3

1+2+3
1

1+2+3
1
3

Solution Steps :
Table :
Fixed End Moment

Solution Steps :

Table :
Fixed End Moment
Distribution Moment
Carry Over Moment
Distribution Moment
Carry Over Moment
Distribution Moment
Carry Over Moment
Distribution Moment

Solution Steps :
Table :
DF
FEM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM

MFinal

Solution Steps :

Frames
Without Sway
Symmetry

With Sway

With Support

Solution Steps :

2 t/m

8t

4I

C
8 t6

12

10

Solution Steps :

Take it
In first DM
only
11

Solution Steps :

12

Advanced Example
in beams
13

Beams with settlement

Fixed End Moment

14

Using 3M equation method

D

A
Apply 3M eqn. at A :

L
L
)+ MB (
0 + 2 MA (0 +
EI
EI

)=6

D
6EI
2 MA + MB =
L2
15

Apply 3M eqn. at B :

L
L
D
MA ( ) + 2 MB (0+ EI )+ 0 = 6
EI
L
D
-6EI
MA + 2 MB =
L2
16

D
6EI
2 MA + MB =
L2
-6EI D
MA + 2 MB =
L2
By addition

MA+ MB = 0
MA = - MB

D
6EI
MA =
L2

-6EI D
MB =
L2
17

6EI D
MA =
L2

D
-6EI
MB =
L2

D
A

6EI D
L2

+
6EI D
L2
18

19

Example 16 :

EI=4800 t.m2

Draw B.M.D for the shown beam

2I

2 cm

FEM :

6x4800x0.02
62

-16

6EI D
L2

6x2x4800x0.02
82

18

20

I
RS :

2I

K AB
1
6
1
6
2

: K BC
2
:
8
1
:
4
:
3

21

I
DF :

2I

DFAB :
2 :
2+3
0.4 :

DFBC
3
2+3

K AB : K BC
2 :
3

0.6
22

A
DF
FEM - 16
DM 0
COM -0.4
DM 0

MFinal -16.4
16.4

0.4 0.6
-16 +18
-0.8 -1.2
0
0

0
0

-16.8 16.8

16.8 16.8

+2
+18
0
-0.6
0
17.4
17.4
23

17.4

16.4

16.8

24

Frames
with Sway
25

Example 17 :

Draw B.M.D & N.F.D and S.F.D for the shown frame

2 t/m
B

8t

2I

12

26

2 t/m

FEM :

8t

12

PL
8 6
M FAB =
= - 6 tm M FBA = 6 tm
=
8
8
2
wL
2 122
M FBC =
=
=
24
tm
12
12

M FCB

= 24 tm

27

RS :

K AB :
1 :
6
1 :

K BC :
2 :
12
1 :

K CD
1
6
1

2I

12

DF :

DFBA : DFBC
1 : 1
2
2

DFCB : DFCD
1 : 1
2
2
28

DF
FEM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM

8t

2I

6
0.5 0.5

-6
+6
0
+9
+4.5
0
0
+3
+1.5
0
0
+0.57

2 t/m

-24
+9
-6
+3
-1.13
+0.56

12

0.5 0.5
+24
-12
+4.5
-2.25
+1.5
-0.75

0
0
0
-12
0
-6
0
-2.25
0
-1.13
0
-0.75
29

DF
FEM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM

0.5 0.5
-6
+6
0
+9
+4.5
0
0
+3
+1.5
0
0
+0.57

0.5 0.5

-24
+9
-6
+3
-1.13
+0.56

+24 0
-12 -12
+4.5 0
-2.25 -2.25
+1.5 0
-0.75 -0.75

0
0
-6
0
-1.13
0

0 -0.38
COM +0.28
DM 0
+0.19 +0.19

+0.28 0
-0.14 -0.14

-0.38
0

MFinal +0.28 +18.76 -18.76

+15.14

-15.14

-7.51

30

MFinal +0.28 +18.76 -18.76

+15.14

18.76

-15.14

-7.51

15.14

18.76

15.14

0.28

7.51
31

Free Body Diagram 24 t

2 t/m

18.76
18.76

12+? t

4t

19.04/6

15.14
12-? t

7.17 t

3.78 t

15.14

3.17

8t

4t

0.28

19.04/6

0.83 t

12

3.78 t

7.51
32

Free Body Diagram

2 t/m

7.17 t

?t
7.17 t

S Fx 0

3.78 t
?t
3.78 t

8t

0.83 t

3.78 t
33

2 t/m

7.17 t

?t

S Fx 0

3.78 t
?t

Reason
Sway do not included in the solution

Solution
Take Sway into consideration
Sway is unknown ?
34

Solution Stages
2 t/m

First Stage

Ro
C

B
8t

Mo

d
Second Stage

R1

M1

35

First Stage

Mo

Ro

M1

R1

2d

2 M1

2 R1

3d

3 M1

3 R1

Dd

D M1

D R1

Dd

Mo + D M1

Ro - D R1

....

Reaction

....

Final Stage

Moment

....

Second Stage

Sway

36

Sway
Final Case

Dd

Moment
Mo + D M1

MFinal= Mo+ D M1
MFinal= Mo+

Ro
R1

M1

Reaction
Ro - D R1

RFinal = 0
No support
In original structure

Ro - D R1 = 0
Ro = D R1
D =

Ro
R1

37

Return to our problem

38

First Stage :
2 t/m

7.17 t
?t

7.17 t

S Fx 0

3.78 t
?t

3.78 t
8t

0.83 t

3.78 t
39

7.17 t

2 t/m

S Fx = 0

Ro
3.78 t

7.17 - 3.78 - Ro = 0
Ro = 3.39

40

Second Stage :

FEM :
B

2I

I
A

12

C
I
D

6EI d
L2
6EI d
62
41

EI is unknown
d is unknown
Assume :
EI d = 60

M
M

= - 10 tm
= - 10 tm
FCD
FAB

6EI d
L2
6EI d
62
6 x 60
=
10
62
M
M

= - 10 tm
= - 10 tm
FDC
FBA

42

Second Stage can be solved as previous

DF
FEM - 10
DM

0.5 0.5
- 10 0

0.5 0.5

0 - 10

- 10

43

Or

solved as anti-symmetry problem

44

RS :

K AB : K BC
3 x 2
1
:
2 12
6
: 3
2

2I

12

DF :

DFBA : DFBC
2 : 3
5
5
45

DF
FEM
DM
COM
DM
MFinal

0.4 0.6
- 10
0
+2
0
-8

-10
+4
0
0

0
+6
0
0
-6 +6

+6 -6

-8

46

MFinal - 8

+6 -6

-6 +6

-8

M1

8
47

Free Body Diagram

14/6

14/6

6
14/6

R1
14/6

6
14/6

14/6

12

8
48

14/6

14/6

R1

S Fx = 0
14/6 + 14/6 - R1 = 0
R1 = 14/3

49

Ro

Ro = 3.39

R1

R1 =14 / 3

RFinal = Ro - D R1 = 0
Ro = D R1
Ro
3.39
D =
= 0.726
=
R1

14 / 3

MFinal= Mo+ 0.726 M1

50

MFinal= Mo+ 0.726 M1

18.76

18.76

-18.76+.726x6
- 14.40
- 19.50
-15.14+.726x-6

+.28+.726x-8
- 5.53

15.14

15.14

+0.28

Mo

7.51

6
6

+7.51+.726x+8
13.32
8

M1

+
8
51

- 19.50

- 14.40

- 5.53

13.32
19.50

14.40

19.50

14.40

5.53

13.32
52

16.95

19.50

14.40

36

14.40

2.03
19.05

2 t/m
8t

5.53

19.50

12
9.97

13.32

12

53

Free Body Diagram

- 14.40
- 5.53

14.40

- 19.50
13.32

2 t/m

19.50

14.40
4t

8.87/6

5.48 t

1.47

5.53

8.87/6

32.82/6

5.47 t
5.48 t

8t
4t

19.50

2.52 t

12

32.82/6

13.32

54

24 t
14.40

2 t/m
12 t

19.50
12 t

5.1/12 t

5.1/12 t 0.425 t

11.575 t

12.425 t

55

24 t
2 t/m

5.48 t
11.575 t

5.48 t
12.425 t

12.425 t

11.575 t
5.48 t

5.48 t

8t
2.52 t

5.48 t
56

24 t
2 t/m

5.48 t
11.575 t

11.575

8t

11.575 t

5.48 t
12.425 t 12.425 t

5.48 t

5.48 t

2.52 t

5.48 t

5.48

12.425

5.48

+
2.52

SFD

57

24 t
2 t/m

5.48 t
11.575 t

8t

11.575 t

5.48 t
12.425 t 12.425 t

5.48 t

5.48 t

2.52 t

5.48 t

5.48

11.575

NFD

12.425

58

Example 18 :
Draw B.M.D for the shown frame

16 t
B

2I

2I

12
59

First Stage :
16 t

6
A

12

60

16 t

FEM :
B

6
3
A

16 x 3 x

92

16 t

16 x 9 x 32

122

122

- 27

12

M FBC= -27 tm

+9

M FCB= +9 tm

61

RS :

K AB :
1 :
6
2 :

K BC :
2 :
12
2 :

K CD
3x2
4 6
3

2I

2I

12

DF :

DFBA : DFBC
1 : 1
2
2

DFCB : DFCD
2 : 3
5
5
62

DF
FEM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM

8t
I

2I

6
0.5 0.5

0
0

0
+13.5
0
+6.75
0
+0.9
+0.45
0
0
+0.67

2 t/m

-27
+13.5
- 1.8
+0.9
-1.35
+0.68

12

2I

0.4 0.6
+9
-3.6
+6.75
-2.7
+0.45
-0.18

0
-5.4
0
-4.05
0
-0.27

0
0
0
0
0
0
63

0.4
+9
-3.6
+6.75
-2.7
+0.45
-0.18

0.6
0
-5.4
0
-4.05
0
-0.27

0
0
0
0
0
0

0 -0.09
COM +0.34
DM 0
+0.04 +0.05

+0.34 0
-0.14 -0.20

0
0

MFinal +7.54 +15.11 -15.11

+9.92

DF
FEM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM

0.5
0
0
0
+13.5
0
+6.75
0
+0.9
+0.45
0
0
+0.67

0.5
-27
+13.5
- 1.8
+0.9
-1.35
+0.68

-9.92

64

MFinal +7.54 +15.11 -15.11

15.11

+9.92

-9.92

9.92

15.11

9.92

7.54
65

Free Body Diagram

15.11

9.92

15.11

9.92

22.65/6

9.92/6

3.78

1.65 t

6
22.65/6

9.92/6

7.54

12
66

First Stage :
1.65 t

3.78 t
?t

?t

3.78 t
1.65 t

3.78 t

1.65 t
67

Ro

3.78 t

S Fx = 0

1.65 t

3.78 - 1.65 - Ro = 0
Ro = 2.13

68

Second Stage :

FEM :
B

2I

12

C
I
D

6EI d
L2
6EI d
62
69

EI is unknown
d is unknown
Assume :
EI d = 60

M
M

= - 10 tm
= - 10 tm
FCD
FAB

6EI d
L2
6EI d
62
6 x 60
=
10
62
M
M

= - 10 tm
= - 10 tm
FDC
FBA

70

DF
FEM -10

0.5 0.5
-10 0

0.4 0.6
0 -10
+5

-10
+10

0 -5
+2 +3
+2.5 0
-1 -1.5
-0.25 0
+0.1 +0.15

0
0
0
0
0
0

FEM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM

-10
0

-10 0
+5 +5
0 +1
+2.5
0
-0.5 -0.5
-0.25
0 -0.5
0
+0.25 +0.25

71

DF
FEM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM

0.5 0.5
-10
0

-10 0
+5 +5
0 +1
+2.5
0
-0.5 -0.5
-0.25
0 -0.5
0
+0.25 +0.25

COM +0.13
DM 0

0 +0.05
-0.02 -0.03
MFinal - 7.62 - 5.27 5.27

0.4 0.6

0 -5
+2 +3
+2.5 0
-1 -1.5
-0.25 0
+0.1 +0.15

0
0
0
0
0
0

+0.13 0
-0.05 -0.08

0
0

+3.43 - 3.43

0
72

MFinal - 7.62

+3.43 - 3.43

- 5.27 5.27

3.43

5.27

3.43

5.27

7.62

M1
73

Free Body Diagram

3.43/6

12.89/6

5.27

3.43
12.89/6

R1
3.43/6

6
12.89/6

7.62

3.43/6

12

74

3.43/6

12.89/6

R1

S Fx = 0
12.89/6 + 3.43/6 - R1 = 0
R1 = 2.72

75

Ro

Ro = 2.13

R1

R1 =2.72

RFinal = Ro - D R1 = 0
Ro = D R1
Ro
2.13
D =
= 0.783
=
R1

2.72

MFinal= Mo+ 0.783 M1

76

MFinal= Mo+ 0.783 M1

15.11

15.11

-15.11+.783x5.27
- 10.98
- 12.61
-9.92+.783x-3.43

7.54

Mo
3.43
3.43

5.27

+7.54+.783x-7.62
+1.57

7.62

9.92

5.27

9.92

M1
77

- 12.61

- 10.98

+1.57
12.61

10.98

12.61

10.98

1.57
78

12.61
10.98

10.98

12.61

16 t
B

1.57

6
A

12

79

16 t

12.61
10.98

11.39
1.63/4=0.41

1.63

16 x 3 x 9
= 36
12
24.61
80

11.39

12.61

10.98

12.61

10.98

24.61

+
1.57

BMD
81

Example 19 :
Draw B.M.D for the shown frame

16 t

4t
B

2I

I
A

C
2I

8
D

12
82

First Stage :

4t

16 t
C

12

83

4t

FEM :

16 t
C

6
P

12

L
PL
8
P L 16 x 12
M FBC =
= - 24 tm
=
8
8

M FCB

= 24 tm

84

RS :

K AB :
1 :
6
2 :

K BC :
2 :
12
2 :

K CD
2
8
3

B
I
A

2I

2I

12

DF :

DFBA : DFBC
1 : 1
2
2

DFCB : DFCD
2 : 3
5
5
85

DF
FEM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM

A
I

2I

6
0.5 0.5

0
0
+6
0
+1.2
0

0
+12
0
+2.4
0
+0.6

-24
+12
- 4.8
+2.4
-1.2
+0.6

12

D
2I

0.4 0.6
+24 0
-9.6 -14.4
+6 0
-2.4 -3.6
+1.2 0
-0.48 -0.72

0
0
-7.2
0
-1.8
0
86

DF
FEM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM

0.5 0.5
0
0
+6
0
+1.2
0

0
+12
0
+2.4
0
+0.6

-24
+12
- 4.8
+2.4
-1.2
+0.6

0.4 0.6
+24 0
-9.6 -14.4
+6 0
-2.4 -3.6
+1.2 0
-0.48 -0.72

0
0
-7.2
0
-1.8
0

COM +0.3
DM 0

0 -0.24
+0.12 +0.12

+0.3 0
-0.36
0
-0.12 -0.18

MFinal +7.5

+15.12 -15.12

+18.9 -18.9

9.36

87

MFinal +7.5

+15.12 -15.12

+18.9 -18.9

9.36

18.9
15.12

18.9

15.12

7.5
9.36

88

Free Body Diagram

15.12

18.9

15.12

18.9
22.62/6

28.26/8

3.53 t

3.77

6
22.62/6

7.5

28.86/8

12

9.36

89

First Stage :

4t

16 t
C

B
A

4t

3.53 t

3.77 t

?t

?t

3.77 t
3.53 t

3.77 t

3.53 t

90

4t

Ro

3.77 t

S Fx = 0

3.53 t

3.77 - 3.53 - 4 - Ro = 0
Ro = -3.76

91

Second Stage :
C

FEM :
6

B
I
A

2I

C
2I

12

6EI d
62

6EI d
L2
6x2EI d
82
92

EI is unknown
d is unknown
Assume :
EI d = 48

6EI d
L2

6EI d
62
6 x 48
=
8
62
M
M

= - 8 tm
= - 9 tm
FCD
FAB

M
M

6x2EI d
82
12 x 48
=
9
82

= - 8 tm
= - 9 tm
FDC
FBA

93

DF
FEM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM

-8
0
+2
0
-0.45
0

0.5
-8
+4
0
-0.9
0
+0.2

0.5
0
+4
+1.8
-0.9
-0.4
+0.2

0.4 0.6
0 -9
+3.6 +5.4
+2 0
-0.8 -1.2
-0.45 0
+0.18 +0.27

-9
0
+2.7
0
-0.6
0

94

DF
FEM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM

-8
0
+2
0
-0.45
0

COM +0.1
DM 0

0.5 0.5
-8 0
+4 +4
0 +1.8
-0.9 -0.9
0 -0.4
+0.2 +0.2
0 +0.09
-0.05 -0.04

MFinal - 6.35 - 4.75 4.75

0.4 0.6
0 -9
+3.6 +5.4
+2 0
-0.8 -1.2
-0.45 0
+0.18 +0.27

-9
0
+2.7
0
-0.6
0

+0.14
+0.1 0
0
-0.04 -0.06
+4.59 - 4.59 -6.76
95

MFinal - 6.35 - 4.75 4.75

+4.59

- 4.59

-6.76

4.59

4.75

4.59

4.75

6.35

M1
6.76
96

Free Body Diagram

4.75

4.59

4.75
6.35

11.1/6

4.59

4.75

6.76

11.35/8

R1
11.1/6

11.35/8

4.59
6
11.1/6

6.35

11.35/8

6.76

97

11.35/8

11.1/6

R1

S Fx = 0
11.1/6 + 11.35/8 - R1 = 0
R1 = 3.27

98

Ro = 3.76
R1 = 3.27

Ro

R1

RFinal = Ro + D R1 = 0
Ro = - D R1
- Ro -3.76
D =
= -1.15
=
R1
3.27
MFinal= Mo-1.15 M1
99

MFinal= Mo- 1.15 M1

18.9

15.12

15.12

-15.12-1.15x4.75
- 20.58
- 13.62
-18.9-1.15x-4.59

Mo
7.5

9.36

4.75

+9.36-1.15x+6.76 6.35
+7.5-1.15x-6.35 1.83

+
4.59

4.75

+14.8

18.9

+
M1
6.76

4.59

+
100

- 20.58

- 13.62

+14.8

+1.83

20.58

13.62
13.62

20.58

14.8
1.83

101

17.1

20.58

13.62

48

20.58

+
+

13.62

30.9

14.8

16 t

4t

BMD

1.83

12

102

Advanced Idea

103

Beams with springs

First Stage :

104

First Stage :

Ro
Second Stage :

1 cm

R1

105

Settlement

M1

R1

2 cm
3 cm

2 M1

2 R1

3 M1

3 R1

D cm

D M1

D R1

Final Stage

D cm

Mo + D M1

Ro + D R1

....

Ro

....

Mo

0
1 cm

Second Stage

Reaction

....

First Stage

Moment

106

Settlement

Final Stage

D cm

Moment
Mo + D M1

Reaction
Ro + D R1

F=Kd
Ro

+ D R1 = K
D

MFinal= Mo+ D M1

107

Beams with Intermediate Hinge

Determinate Part

Indeterminate Part

Determinate Part

Determinate Part
108

Indeterminate Part

Indeterminate Parts

109

Solution Steps :
Mo

Ro
d

M1

R1
110

First Stage

Mo

Ro

M1

R1

2d

2 M1

2 R1

3d

3 M1

3 R1

Dd

D M1

D R1

Dd

Mo + D M1

Ro - D R1

....

Reaction

....

Final Stage

Moment

....

Second Stage

Settlement

111

Sway
Final Case

Dd

Moment
Mo + D M1

MFinal= Mo+ D M1
MFinal= Mo+

Ro
R1

M1

Reaction
Ro - D R1

RFinal = 0
No support
In original structure

Ro - D R1 = 0
Ro = D R1
D =

Ro
R1

112

Summary

Frames
Without Sway
Symmetry

With Sway

With Support

113

Summary

Frames With Sway

114

First Stage :

Mo

Ro

S Fx = 0
115

Second Stage :

M1

R1

S Fx = 0
116

Sway

Moment
Mo + D M1

Final Case

MFinal= Mo+ D M1
MFinal= Mo+

Ro
R1

M1

Reaction
Ro - D R1

RFinal = 0
No support
In original structure

Ro - D R1 = 0
Ro = D R1
D =

Ro
R1

117

Questions
118