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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 1. 1.
1 INTRODUCTION Background
PT JOB Pertamina - Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi (JOB Pertamina - Medco) plans to implement gas field development in Senoro and gas transmission through transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom. The gas will be used for various
industrial needs which to be developed in this area, such as LNG and ammonia industries, while the condensate as the by-product, will be sent to the collection and shipping (jetty) sites to be sent to buyers outside the production area. Field development and gas pipe installation will require a maximum total area of 232 Ha. Field development activities consist of drilling of development wells,
construction of production facilities and processing stations, and installation of pipes for gas and condensate transmission. Gas and condensate production plan from this field will be, respectively, + 240 MMSCFD (Million Standard Cubic Feet per day) and + 10,000 BCPD (Condensate Barrels Per Day). Gas field development and gas and condensate pipeline are expected to cause significant impacts on some environmental components. For the above mentioned activities, JOB Pertamina Medco shall prepare Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL) Study. This is consistent with the
commitment to carry out environmental protection in every activity. In addition, this study is related to Law No. 23 of 1997 on Environmental Management, Government Regulation No. 27 of 1999 on Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL), and Decree of Environment Minister No. 17 of 2001 on Type of Business or Activity which Requires AMDAL.
ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina Medce E & P Tomori Sulawesi 1
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION The results of this AMDAL study are basically in the form of information about various activity components estimated to produce significant impacts (negative or positive), environmental feasibility assessment of the activity plan and alternative environmental management and monitoring plans to be performed.
1.1.1 Regulations and Laws Regulations and laws that serve as the bases for Environmental Impact Assessment study which will be used as reference in Senoro gas field development and Senoro Kintom gas pipeline. a. Laws Law No. 5 year 1960 on Basic Regulations of Land Use; Law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Bio-Natural Resources and Their Ecosystems; Law No. 21 of 1992 on Sailing; Law No. 23 of 1992 on Health; Law No 14 of 1992 on Land Transportation Traffic; Law no. 24 year 1992 on Spatial Planning; Law No. 23 of 1997 on Environmental Management; Law No. 41 of 1999 on Forestry; Law No. 38 of 2000 concerning Road; Law No. 22 of 2001 on Oil and Gas; Law No. 65 of 2001 on Regional Taxes
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Law No. 7 of 2004 on Water Resources; Law no. 32 of 2004 on Regional Government; Law no. 33 of 2004 on Fiscal Balance of Central and Regional Governments; Law No. 31 of 2005 on Fisheries.
b. Government Regulations (PP) PP No. 19 year 1973 concerning Work Regulation and Safety in Mining; PP No. 11 of 1979 on Natural Oil and Gas Mining; PP No. 41 of 1993 on Road Transportation; PP No. 43 of 1993 on Road Infrastructure and Traffic; PP No. 69 of 1996 on the Implementation of Rights and Obligations, and Form of and Procedures for Public
Participation in Spatial Planning; PP No. 47 of 1997 on National Spatial Plan; PP No. 62 year 1998 concerning the Handing Over of Some Government Affairs in Forestry Sector to the Regional Governments; PP No. 68 year 1998 concerning Natural Conservation and Preservation Areas; PP No. 18 in conjunction with No 85 of 1999 on Management of Toxic and Hazardous Waste;
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION PP No 19 of 1999 on Marine Pollution and or Destruction Control; PP No. 27 of 1999 on Environmental Impact Assessment; PP No. 41 of 1999 on Air Pollution Control; PP No. 82 of 1999 on Transport in Waters; PP No. 25 year 2000 concerning Government Authority and Provincial Authority as Autonomous Regions; PP No. 81 of 2000 on Navigation; PP No. 69 of 2001 on Port Affairs; PP No. 74 of 2001 on Management of Toxic and Hazardous Materials; PP No. 82 of 2001 on Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control; PP No. 34 of 2002 concerning Forest Management, Forest Area Management, Utilization and Use Planning; PP No. 51 of 2002 on Shipping; PP RI No 67 of 2002 concerning Fuel Provision and Distribution Regulating Agency and business activity of natural gas transportation through pipes; PP No 36 of 2004 on Natural Oil and Gas Downstream Business Activities.
ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina Medce E & P Tomori Sulawesi
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION c. Presidential Decrees / Regulations Presidential Decree No. 32 of 1009 on the Management of Protected Areas; Presidential Regulation No. 36 of 2004 on Land Procurement for Public Interest; Presidential Decree No. 86 of 2002 on the Establishment of Fuel Provision and Distribution Regulating Agency and business activity of natural gas transportation through pipes Decree of Energy and Mineral Resources Minister No. K/MEM/2000 1454 on Technical Guidelines for the
Implementation of Government's Duties in Natural Oil and Gas.
d. Ministerial Decrees / Regulations Decree of Mining Minister No. 04P/MPE/1973 on Pollution Prevention in Waters; Decree of Transportation Minister No. KM.215/AL/506/Phb-87 on the Procurement of Ship Waste Storage Facility; Decree of Transportation Minister No. 23 of 1990 on Salvage Business and or Underwater Work; Regulation of Health Minister No. 416/Menkes/Per/IX/1990 on Water Quality Monitoring Requirements;
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Decree of Environment Minister No. 30 of 1992 concerning Scoping Guidelines for the Preparation of Terms of Reference of Environmental Impact Analysis; Decree of Environment Minister No. Kep-35/MENLH/10/1993 on Motor Vehicle Exhaust Gas Emission Threshold; Decree of Transportation Minister No. 63 of 1993 on the Roadworthy Threshold Requirements for Motor Vehicles, Tow Trains, Patched Trains, Body and Load Box, and Its Components; Decree of Transportation Minister No. 67 Year 1993 on the Implementation of Goods Transportation on the Road; Decree of Transportation Minister No. 69 of 1993 concerning Procedures for Motor Vehicle Technical and Roadworthy Inspection; Decree of Mining and Energy Minister No.
103.K/088/M/PE/1994 on the Supervision of Environmental Management Plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan in Mining and Energy; Decree of Environment State Minister No. 42/MENLH/10/1996 on Liquid Waste Quality Standard for Natural Oil and Gas and Geothermal Activities; Decree of Environment State Minister No. 50/MENLH/11/1996 on Odor Level Quality Standard; Decree of Environment State Minister No. 48/MENLH/11/1996 on Noise Level Quality Standard;
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Decree of Mining and Energy No. 300.K/38/M.PE/1997 on Safety of Natural Oil and Gas Transmission Pipe; Decree of Transportation Minister No. KM 27 Year 1998 regarding Management of Special Port; Decree of Forestry and Plantation No. 398/Kpts-II/1998 on the Appointment of Bangkiriang Forest Area Located in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, with a total area of + 12,500 ha. As Forest Area Functioning as Animal Conservation; Decree of Land Affairs Minister / Head of National Agency for Land Affairs No. 21 of 1999 on the Land Acquisition Procedures for Company Investment; Decree of Transportation Minister No. 17 of 2000 on Guidelines for Handling Toxic and Hazardous Materials in shipping activity in Indonesia; Decree of Energy and Mineral Resources Minister No. 1457/K/28/MEM/2000 regarding Technical Guidelines for
Environmental Management of Mining and Energy; Decree of Environment State Minister No. 17 of 2001 on Type of Business Plan and / or Activity Requiring AMDAL; Decree of Environment State Minister No. 4 of 2001 on Standard Criteria of Coral Reef Damage; Decree of Transportation Minister No. KM 55 of 2002 on the Management of Special Port (PELSUS);
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Decrees of Transportation Minister No. KM 62 and KM 63 year 2002 on Management Organization of Port Administrator (Adpel) and Port Office (Kanpel); Decree of Environment Minister No. 58 of 2002 regarding Environmental Control Officer in the Province / Regency / City; Decree of Environment Minister No. 37 of 2003 on Surface Water Quality Analysis and Surface Water Sampling Methods; Decree of Environment Minister No. 112 of 2003 regarding Waste Water Quality Standard for Business and Domestic; Decree of Environment Minister No. 129 of 2003 on Emission Quality Standard for Natural Oil and gas Business and / or Activity; Decree of Environment Minister No. 141 of 2003 on Exhaust Gas Emission Threshold for New Type Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicles which Are Being Produced; Decree of Environment Minister No. 142 of 2003 on Amendment to Decree of Environment Minister No. 111 of 2003 on the Guidelines on the Terms and Procedures for Analysis Licensing and Guidelines for Waste Water Disposal into the Water or Water Sources; Decree of Environment Minister No. 200 of 2004 on Standard Criteria for the Identification of Seaweed Bed Damage; Decree of Environment Minister No 19 of 2004 on Guidelines for the Management of Environmental Pollution and / or Destruction Case Report;
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Decree of Environment Minister No. 49 of 2004 on Delegation of Authority to Sign Decree on AMDAL Terms of Reference; Decree of Environment Minister No. 51 of 2004 on Sea Water Quality Standard; Decree of Environment Minister No. 201 of 2004 on Standard Criteria and Guidelines to Identify Mangrove Damage; Regulation of Transportation Minister No. KM.7 Year 2005 on Sailing Navigation Supporting Facilities; Decree of Environment Minister No. 45 of 2005 concerning Guidelines for the Preparation of the Implementation Report of Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans (RKL / RPL); Regulation of Forestry Minister No. P.14/Menhut-II/2006
Guidelines for Borrow-Use of Forest Area; Regulation of Energy and Mineral Resources Minister No. 045 of 2006 on the Management of Drilling Mud, Mud Waste, and Drilling Powder in Oil and Gas Drilling Activities.
e. Decree of the Head of Environmental Impact Management Agency (Kepka BAPEDAL) Kepka BAPEDAL No. 56 of 1994 on Guidelines for the Magnitude of Significant Impacts;
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Kepka BAPEDAL No. 68 of 1994 on Procedures for Obtaining Permits to Store, Collect, Operate Treatment Equipment, Process and Final Stockpile of Hazardous and Toxic Waste; Kepka BAPEDAL No. 1 of 1995 on Technical Procedures and Requirements for the Storage and Collection of Hazardous and Toxic Waste; Kepka BAPEDAL No. 2 of 1995 on Hazardous and Toxic Waste Documents; Kepka BAPEDAL No. 3 of 1995 on Technical Requirements for Hazardous and Toxic Waste Management; Kepka BAPEDAL No. 4 of 1995 on Requirement Procedures for Stockpiling of Hazardous and Toxic Waste Processing Result, Requirement Procedures for Ex Processing Site and Ex Stockpiling Site of Hazardous and Toxic Waste; Kepka BAPEDAL No. 5 of 1995 on Symbols and Labels of Hazardous and Toxic Waste; Kepka BAPEDAL No. 229 of 1996 on Technical Guidelines for Social Specification Analysis in AMDAL Formulation; Kepka BAPEDAL No. 205 of 1996 concerning the Technical Guidelines for Air Pollution Control from Immobile Resources; Kepka BAPEDAL No. 255 of 1996 on Procedures and Requirements for Storage and Collection of Used Lubricating Oil; Kepka BAPEDAL No. 124/12/1997 of Analysis Guidelines for Public Health Aspect in AMDAL Formulation;
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Kepka BAPEDAL No. 08 of 2000 on Community Involvement and Information Transparency in AMDAL Process; Kepka BAPEDAL No. 09 Year 2000 on Guidelines for AMDAL Formulation; Kepka BAPEDAL No. 47 of 2001 on Guidelines for Measuring the Condition of Coral Reef; Decree of the Director General of Land Transportation No. SK.725/AJ.302/DRJD/2004 dated 30 April 2004 on Technical Guidelines for the Implementation of Hazardous and Toxic Material Transportation on the Road.
1.1.2 Government Policy on Environmentally Friendly Development and Corporate Environmental Management Basically government policy on environmentally friendly development has taken into account environment preservation principles. Some
government policies in the form of laws and regulations related to oil and gas upstream and downstream activities regulating natural preservation principles, such as: (1) Law No. 23 of 1997 on Environmental Management; (2) of Law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Bio-Natural Resources and Their Ecosystems; and (3) Law No. 24 of 1992 on Spatial Planning. The policy was issued by the government so that the development of energy and mineral resources sectors would be environmentally sound.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Moreover, in more detailed scope, the government has set up provisions related to AMDAL study, i.e. in-depth study paper of an activity plan, and in a broader sense, the government has carried out identification, prediction and evaluation of all forms of impacts created by an activity plan to the environment, i.e. through Government Regulation No. 27 of 1999 on Environmental Impact Assessment. With regard to activities within the scope of the Department of Energy and Mineral Resources, the government also regulates the implementation of this AMDAL study, namely under the Decree of Mining and Energy Minister No. 1457.K/28/MEM/2000 on Technical Guidelines for Environmental Management in Mining and Energy. Recognizing the roles and responsibilities in the sustainable national and regional development, JOB Pertamina Medco will: Comply with all applicable regulations in environmental
management, both nationally and regionally; Always refer to the Environmental Management Plan (RKL) and Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL) in conducting its activities.
1.1.3 Relation between Activity Plan and Potential Significant Impacts a. Ambient air quality Gas produced from the wells still contain relatively high H2S namely about 600 ppm; besides that there is potential gas
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION emission from the CPF and piping operation so that decrease in ambient air quality is estimated to take place during operation. To reduce H2S emission into the air, gas process in CPF is equipped with H2S catcher unit in the gas which is converted into solid sulfur. H2S-containing gas emission into the air still smells and toxic so that it will pollute the surrounding air around and have a negative impact to the health of the surrounding people. b. Water quality Disturbance to water quality may occur during the construction and operational phases. Water bodies used by the local people during land clearing and drilling activities for the pipeline will be polluted due to soil erosion carried into the water bodies which will also create disturbance to aquatic biota. Disturbance to water quality can also be caused by waste water produced into the water bodies during operation. c. Social process Some problems are predicted to cause dissociative social processes, such as the issue on land compensation value and payment process, disturbance to traffic (road damage and traffic accidents), noise and gas smell (H2S), communitys hope to obtain job opportunity, erosion carried into the land and disturbance to irrigation channels as well as layoff execution
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION during the post operational phase. These impacts can spread widely, covering 3 (three) sub-districts and 16 villages. d. Communitys Perception All impacts caused by the project will lead to communitys perception. negative. The incurring perception can be positive and Recruitment of local workers can create positive
perception. Yet, it will create negative perception if local workers are not involved or if there is disturbance to irrigation channel, which causes turbidity to water used for bathing-washing-toileting, and if it causes dust and noise.
1.2
Objectives and Benefits of Environmental Impact Analysis Study 1.2.1. Study Objectives The objectives of this study are: To identify activity plan to be implemented starting from the preconstruction, construction, operational and post operational
phases, particularly towards activity plan estimated to have potential to create significant and major impacts to the
environment; To identify environmental baseline in projected activity sites, especially those predicted to be imposed by major and significant
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION impacts during the pre-construction, construction, operational and post operational phases; To estimate and evaluate the major and significant impacts predicted to occur during the pre-construction, construction, operational and post operational phases; To provide direction for environmental management to prevent, anticipate and control significant negative impacts, and to develop and increase positive impacts estimated to occur in accordance with the capacity of the available resources (energy, time and cost); To formulate environmental control system to be implemented inside and outside the project site borders up to as far as impact dispersion limit; To identify environmental monitoring efforts in the form of observation, measuring, interview and analysis to be used as inputs in the improvement of environmental management
performance.
1.2.2 Benefits of the Study Benefits of this study are: a. For Initiator To serve as input material in the finalization of activity plan technical design;
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION To assist in the and decision monitoring making planning for environmental operational,
management
and
particularly in terms of prevention, control and mitigation of significant negative impacts, as well as the development of positive impacts estimated to incur due to activities to the environment; To become input material regarding environmental issues to be faced presently and in the future, in order to anticipate the possibility of misunderstanding and conflict of interests; To serve as guidelines and directions to take part in spearheading the success of environmental management activities, including in the efforts to improve the welfare of the surrounding communities. b. For the Community To serve as source of information about activity plan, environmental baseline condition, and impacts estimated to incur to environmental components, so that the surrounding community can anticipate and prepare themselves in utilizing the opportunities and / or avoiding from the loss that may be created by the activity plan; To become source of information to prevent
misunderstanding, to ensure legal certainty, and to ensure the creation of a mutually beneficial relationship between the
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION initiator and the surrounding people in environmental management related to the activity plan. c. For the Government To serve as source of information in regional development planning in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, to prevent overlapping of activities so that sustainable
development can be implemented; To serve as guidelines in the attempt to carry out monitoring, control and management planning of impacts estimated to incur from the activities; To become input material in decision making regarding environmental feasibility of the activity plan.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 2. 2.1 SCOPE OF STUDY Analyzed Major and Significant Impacts
2.1.1 Activity Plan which Causes Impact 2.1.1.1 Pre-Construction Phase Activity in this phase estimated to create impacts is land and crops acquisition. 2.1.1.2 Construction Phase Activities in this phase estimated to create impacts are: * Equipment / material mobilization and demobilization; * Land clearing and preparation; * Construction of production facilities; * Piping; * Well drilling; * Construction of special port. 2.1.1.3 Operational Phase Activities in this phase estimated to create impacts are: * Production process; * Maintenance of production facilities; * Delivery of gas and condensate;
ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 2.1.1.4 Post Operational Phase Activities in this phase estimated to create impacts are: * Well closure; * Dismantling of facilities; * Work relation termination.
2.1.2 Environmental Components Imposed by Impact 2.1.2.1 a. Geo-Physical-Chemical Component Climate and Air Quality According to climate classification by Schmidt and Ferguson, the area of Banggai is included in Climate B type, with ratio of average total dry months and average total wet Months (Q) of 5, or included in relatively wet area. Rainfall data from Bubung Luwuk Airport meteorological station show that wet season lasts from March to July with rainfall volume ranges from 115 mm in May to 169 mm in July. Dry season lasts from August to February, with rainfall volume ranges from 41 mm in October to 85 mm in December. Average monthly temperature ranges from 25.9 C in July to 28.5 C in November. Study area is a coastal area so
relative humidity tends to be high. Average monthly humidity ranges from 73% in October which coincides with dry
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION season to 81% in June and July which coincide with wet season.
b.
Space and Land Existing land use is around the area planned for the activities. On the north side there is provincial road connecting Luwuk and Baturube and its surrounding. Along the road there is a communitys settlement, peoples fields / plantations, big plantations, and oil and gas mining managed by PT Pertamina. On the north west, there is Toili transmigration
area. In the surrounding of the development area there is Bangkiriang Animal Conservation and on the south there is Peleng Strait. Location for for the nearest activity plan or directly related to communitys settlement are: * Production and CPF wells are located in Toili and Batui Sub-districts, which consist of Slametharjo, Sinorang and Bone Balantak Villages. * Installation of CPF Kintom gas channel in Batui and Kintom Sub-districts, which consist of Sinorang, Bone Balantak, Kayowa, Bakung, Sisipan, Tolando, Batui,
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Bugis, Balantak, Lamo, Honbola, Musolang, Uso, Kalolos and Tangkiang Villages. * Installation of condensate laydown facility channel & jetty in Nonong Village, Batui Sub-district. If jetty is located around Cluster #4, the location will be in Bone Balantak Village, Batui Sub-district. The surrounding people of the activity plan area generally live around the provincial road connecting Luwuk Baturube. Peoples agricultural / plantation activities done by the peoples surrouning the activity plan include seasonal crops, such as field rice and secondary crops (palawija), fruit plants in the yard, such as coconut, banana and mango, and industrial plants, such as oil palm, cacao and coconut. In lands far from settlement area, the crops planting pattern is generally in the form of dry farming, started with cut and burn, but tends to be non-movable. The land opening is generally used for planting of dry-farming rice for as many as two planting sessions, cacao and coconut. Cacao or
coconut which is no longer productive will be rehabilitated. Other than cacao and coconut which are relatively dominant, oil palm has started to be cultivated by some of the villagers who own sufficient financial capital.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION c. Topography and Soil Type Topography in the study area generally consists of land extending from the Southwest to the Northeast in the South part of the study area with flat slope (0-3%) and hills and mountains in the North part with rather steep slope (15-40%) to very steep slope (>40%). According to Puslittanak classification system (1983), soil in the study area consists of Renzina, Litosol, Kambisol eutrik, Aluvial eutrik, Grumusol, and Regosol. Renzina and Litosol can be found in hilly and mountaianous area with very thin layer (less than 20 cm) and sit immediately on the rocks (prime). Kambisol eutrik can be found in slightly slopy area or foothills to flat land with soil that has just grown (horizonization is yet to grow clearly) with mild texture. Aluvial eutrik is dominantly found in valley area with soil layers settled at different times and with soft to rather coarse texture. Grumusol spreads in flat area with grey soil color, heavy clayey texture or very sticky when wet (wet season) and cracked when dry (dry season). Regosol in the study area can only be found in coastal area, namely in sandbank beach, such as in Kampung Nonong.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION d. Hydrology In the study area there are several big rivers flowing throughout the year, namely, in consecutive order from the Northeast to the Southwest, Kintom, Tangkiang, Omolu, Batui, Bakung, Kayoa / Matindok, Sinorang and Toili Rivers. These rivers flow from the Northwest to their estuary in the Southeast. In addition to those big rivers, there are also
small rivers which are the tributaries of big rivers or separate rivers whose estuary is the sea, such as Bangkiriang River. Only a few permanent swamps can be found, except for the back swamp in Bangkiriang Animal Conservation. The drainage system and field irrigation system in Batui and Toili Sub-districts are well managed and well designed; tertiary irrigation channels are even constructed according to technical and semi-technical irrigation systems. On the hills and mountains between Batui and Toili Subdistricts there is ground water which is adequate with aquifer depth estimated to be not too deep (shallow groundwater). The form of that water resource is the huge carpet composed of vast paddy field with technical irrigation on the land and valley in those two Sub-districts.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION e. Physiography, Geomorphology and Geology e.1 Physiography and Geomorphology Regionally the study area is located on the east arm of Sulawesi whose mountains shape spans from the Southwest to the Northeast in the same direction as its arm, namely Batui Mountains in the Southwest part and Balantak Mountains in Northeast part. Physiographically, according to the report on the revision of Regional Spatial Plan of Banggai Regency 2003 2013 (Regional Development Supervision Agency of the Government of Banggai Regency, 2003), the study area is divided into three, namely: 1) the North part of Luwuk Morowali main road has physiography of hills mountains span from the Southwest to the Northeast and parallel with the road; 2) below the hills there was alluvial land and connects to small part of marine main land bordering directly with the beach; 3) in several places, such as around the estuary of Bangkiriang River, backswamp physiography can be found. Morphology in study area consists of slightly slopy with altitude of 50 500 m above the sea level extending from the Southwest to the Northeast, which is located in
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION the North part of Batui, namely around Tangkiang; this morphology was formed by tertiary sediment rocks. In the South and Southwest of Batui, the morphology is dominated by land whose height is 0-50 m, formed by quartery sediment, namely coastal alluvial sediment and coral. e.2 Rocks Rocks in Banggai Regency consist of very old ones from the Mesozoikum-aged ofiolit complex, Tertiaryaged sediment rocks, lifted coral reef rocks, and quartery-aged alluvial sediment. Rocks found in the study area are entirely tertiary and quartery sediment rocks. e.3 Geological Structure Vital geological structure in Banggai area comprises, among others, fault, lipatan, kekar with size ranging from the small (minor) to regional scale. Faults found are sungkup, turun, mendatar, and mendatar faults. The major faults are Toili, Batui and Pasini Faults. Estimated incurrence is Mid-Miocene.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION e.4 Lower Surface Geology Block Senoro is part of normal fault and Anjak Fault along the beach of Central Sulawesi arm. In general, the geological structure of lower surface obtained from the seismic data is located at the depth of 1,000 m, namely normal faults, horizontal faults facing North South, and anjak fault facing Southwest Northeast. Anjak fault is generally in the same direction lying along Central Sulawesi arm and also in the same direction with pipeline installation plan, while horizontal fault generally cuts through the pipeline direction.
f.
Hydrogeology Availability of ground water is very much influenced by various factors, such as morphology, litology, geological structure, land use management and rainfall. Based on
those factors and according to the availability theory, ground water in the study area can be classified into: * * Ground water Mandala for undulating hilly area; Ground water Mandala for land area.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION g. Hydro-oceanography Banggai Regency has coastal area facing Peleng Strait waters which is connected to Tolo Bay waters. In line with Senoro Kintom Gas Field Development and Gas Piping Project which uses several parts of the coastal area, information on local hydro-oceanographic condition is really necessary. Several information highly related to the activity includes bathymetry, tides, current and wave.
2.1.2.1 a.
Biological Component Terrestrial Biota a.1 Vegetation Vegetation species in the study area consists of secondary natural forest vegetation, cultivation
vegetation (field, mixed garden, dry farm, and yard), and shrubs. These three vegetation species can be found in the communitys settlement, Bangkiriang Animal Conservation, and beach area. Field survey
outcome mentions that forest vegetation, shrubs, oil palm, cacao and other vegetation species can still be found in Bangkiriang Animal Conservation.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION a.2 Wild Animals Wild animal species richness, abundance and diversity in the study area is very much dependent on vegetation community type and habitat quality. Bangkiriang Animal Conservation Forest is allocated for habitat of maleo bird (Macrocephalon maleo).
b.
Aquatic Biota Several species of aquatic biota found in the sea waters include small pelagic fish (selar, kembung, lemuru, sebelah, lidah, teri, tembang, tiga waja, etc.), shrimp, crab, shell fish, and snail; while in the fresh water (estuary) lundu fish is found. The rather black sandy beach condition and clear water indicate the possibility of other aquatic biota, such as coral reef.
2.1.2.1
Social Component Administratively, Senoro Gas Field and pipeline are included in 3 (three) Sub-districts, namely Toili, Batui and Kintom, in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. The activity plan is estimated to create impacts to the people residing around the gas field and pipeline, namely Slametharjo and
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Toili Villages in Toili Sub-district; Sinorang, Bone Balantak, Masing, Nonong, Sisipan, Tolando, Batalang, Lamo,
Honbola and Uso Villages in Batui Sub-district; and Kalolos and Tangkiang Villages in Kintom Sub-district.
a.
Demography Based on Banggai data 2005, population in the study area is 25,414 people with total number of family is 6,405 heads of households. Based on that number, the average family size is 3.9 people / heads of households. Total study area is 1,035.12 km2, which means average population density is 25 people / km2. Total population in the study area in 2001 was 19,923 people. In 2005 the number went up to 25,414 people.
Based on that number, the average population growth rate in the study village for the period of 2001 2005 was 6.275% / year. Population of the study sub-district consists of 23,236 (28.8%) people of 0-14-year-old children, 51,898 (64.2%) people of adult population (15-59 years old), and 5,674 (7.0%) people of elderly (>60 years old).
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION In terms of education, the people in the study Sub-district is mostly Primary School graduates (74.8%), followed with Junior High School graduates (12.2%) and Senior High School graduates (7.5%), academy graduates (0.49%), and bachelors degree (0.6%), and the remaining (4.5%) is not formally educated. Education facility of primary level
(Primary School) is already available in all villages. With regard to religion beheld by the people in the study village, the statistics shows the majority is Islam (97.1%) and the remaining consists of Christian, Hindu and Buddhist. Worship facilities available are mosque, musholla (praying house) and church. With regard to manpower, there are 3,221 workers registered as job seekers with education levels vary from Primary School graduates to bachelors degree holders.
b.
Social Economy b.1 Domestic Economy Livelihood of people in the study area is farming. Agricultural activities conducted generally consist of wet land farming (paddy field) and dry land farming. People living along the coast, such as people of Saluan Village
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION (Moilong) and Nonong (Kampung Nonong Pantai), work as fishermen. Some people in the study area have double sources of income, namely as farmers who also work as fishermen or construction workers or motorbike taxi (ojek) riders. b.2 Natural Resources Economy Land resource use pattern around the project location is mostly paddy field, peoples plantation (coconut, cacao, oil palm) and private plantation (oil palm plantation owned by PT Kurnia Luwuk Sejati). Lands in the study villages are dominated by mixed crops and rice. In rice field area, the farmers are familiar with semimodern farming, such as use of fertilizer and hand tractor. This is supported by the irrigation and the
presence of transmigrants who have introduced more advanced farming system. Transmigrants obtained
their lands through the provision from the government. b.3 Local Economy The villages in the study area are located very close to land access road (Luwuk Baturube asphalted road) as public transportation line in advancing their regional
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION economy. Type of transportation available in the study villages includes car, motorbike (ojek) and boat. Several business opportunities incurring from the companys existence in the area surrounding the study area are restaurants / food stores, and transportation service. b.4 Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) Sector that made the largest contribution to the Gross Regional Regency Domestic in 2003 Product was (GRDP) agriculture of Banggai (56.17%).
Contribution of mining and exploration sector was only 1.21%. The soon-to-be-operated Senoro Gas Field is expected to increase the contribution made by mining and exploration sector.
c.
Social Culture The indigenous ethnic groups in Banggai Regency are Loinang (saluan) and Batui, while Bugis, Java and Sunda ethnic groups are incoming people who have settled down there since several years ago. The presence of incoming people is warmly welcomed by the indigenous people. This can be seen from the conflict
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION that cannot be found between the incoming people and the indigenous people. Some of them have even become
families due to inter-ethnic group marriage. Helping each other and friendliness can apparently be seen in their daily lives. Institutions growing in the community consist of formal and non-formal ones. Formal institutions consist of village
apparatus, LKMD (Lembaga Ketahanan Masyarakat Desa = Villagers Tenacity Institution) and BPD (Badan
Perwakilan Desa = Village Parliament), while non-formal ones consist of customary institutions (kepala adat at village level and pemangku adat at sub-district level). Formal
institutions are responsible for governmental activities, while customary leaders are responsible for customs and tradition issues, such as village thanksgiving ceremony, village cleaning ceremony (1 Muharram), religious celebration, wedding ceremony, funeral procession, etc. Social institutions found in Banggai Regency in general and the sub-districts in study area in particular consist of religious, education and social institutions. Those institutions were
established to meet various needs in managing communitys life. These institutions establishes behavioral system, social system and finally the existence of various changes in life order, both individual and communal.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Public perception shows that 86.3% of people have accepted (agreed on) the project with a hope of job opportunity in the project and regional development; only small part (3.8%) showed disagreement and the remaining 13.1% did not respond.
2.1.2.2 a.
Public Health Component Environmental Sanitation and Clean Water Communitys clean water sources are dug wells or springs on the hills. Judging from existing environmental condition, environmental sanitation does not get sufficient attention form the villagers. partially use water Bathing-Washing-Toileting facilities from the rivers around them.
Environmental drainage is also not given attention so that it creates water puddles. Special drainage for domestic waste water and rain water in some parts cannot be found so that water puddles are seen in yards.
2.1.3
Other Activities around the Activity Plant Site and Their Impacts Other activities found in the surrounding area of the activity plan include public cacao and coconut plantations and oil palm plantation owned by PT Kurnia Luwuk Sejati. In addition to plantation activities, there are
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION also shrimp pond cultivation owned by PT Banggai Sentral Shrimp and natural oil and gas mining activities managed by PT Pertamina. For plantation area, some will be imposed by Senoro-Kintom gas pipeline installation plan.
2.1.4
Aspects Analyzed in Environmental Impact Analysis (ANDAL) Study 2.1.4.1 Identification of Hypothetically Significant Impacts
(Result of Scoping Process in Terms of Reference Document) Scoping process conducted during the formulation of ANDAL Terms of Reference (TOR) has identified and decided on hypothetically significant impacts to incur from the activities. Those hypothetically significant impacts as a result of the scoping process (Picture 2.1) are as follows: 1. Ambient Air Quality. Natural gas from the well
contains significantly high H2S, namely around 600 ppm, and emission potential form gas processing; gas piping is estimated to reduce quality during operation. Without proper environmental management to catch the H2S gas in the form of solid sulphur, during operational phase gas production at gas processing center will emit
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION H2S gas to the surrounding environment. H2S gas is smelly and toxic gas, so that emission of this gas will pollute the surrounding air and will create negative impact to the surrounding peoples health. 2. Noise. During the operational phase there will be noise from the compressor estimated to create impact to the surrounding settlement areas. 3. Land Erosion. Land clearing / preparation during pipe installation for as long as 40 km in very steep (hilly) land around the project location and in land vulnerable to erosion will be done by taking out all soil covering vegetation which will create erosion. 4. Drainage and Irrigation Systems. Pipe installation will disturb water channels in some irrigated farming areas. 5. Water Quality. Disturbance to water quality is possible to incur during construction and operational phases. During construction phase it will be because of erosion during land clearing and pipeline digging. While during operational phase, it will be due to produced water disposal. 6. Wild Animals. Land clearing for pipe installation
passing through open land, shrubs and road is estimated to disturb the presence of wild animals.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 7. Aquatic Biota Clearing / preparation of land passing through body of waters will increase TSS concentration. Increase in
TSS in body of waters can affect biota, particularly macrozoobenthos, also there is a possibility of endemic fish around the location. . 8. Job Opportunity Land clearing / preparation, facility construction, pipe installation and expansion well drilling activities will require relatively a lot of workers. Production operation and facility maintenance activities require workers which consist of skilled and unskilled workers, in relatively small number and for as long as the production operation activity takes place. The impacts of the activity plan to job opportunity component is the increase in peoples income,
particularly those whose family members work for the activity, and decrease in unemployment rate. 7. Business Opportunity Facility construction and pipe installation activities are estimated to create relatively a lot of business opportunities so that peoples income can be improved
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION and new income sources can be created. Production process activity provides business opportunities, such as restaurants and transportation service to facilitate the needs of production employees. Although the number is not significant, it will last while the company still operates. 10. Accessibility Land clearing, particularly operation road and pipe ROW construction, is estimated to increase
communitys accessibility which will last while the project lasts until post operational phase. Communitys economic activity grows due to easy accessibility to farm areas and economic centers. The constructed
road and pipe ROW will continuously be utilized by the community. 11. Regional Revenue Gas field development will give contribution to regional income. Various companys obligations will increase
regional income share as oil and gas producer. This regional income will be used to develop Banggai Regency and will last while the company operates. Local economy grows due to the double effects of increasing money circulation (salary, company
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION expenditure, and land compensation payment). In
addition, the emerging of various companies that utilize gas, such as LNG and methanol mini plants will also increase local economic activities. 12. Social Process Land and crops acquisition activity is estimated to create dissociative social process due to, among others: a. No agreement that has been reached and
penyimpangan in compensation provision process; b. Equipment / material mobilization and demobilization activities which cause road damage and traffic accident; c. Noise and gas (H2S) smell from production operation activity; d. Local peoples not getting any job opportunities in operational activity plan. Total area of impact dispersion is relatively vast, namely consisting of 3 (three) sub-districts and 16 villages. 13. Public Attitude and Perception Public attitude and perception towards the activity plan can be negative and positive, such as:
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION a. Land and crops acquisition is undertaken through amicable discussion to reach an agreement; b. Local people are given the job opportunity in the activity plan; c. Noise, smell and dust incurring from the activity plan can disturb local peoples comfort and health; d. Disturbance to irrigation and turbidity in the rivers due to the implementation of activity plan will disturb farm irrigation system and the basic needs of the local people.
2.1.4.2
Aspects Analyzed in ANDAL Study Aspects analyzed in ANDAL study are based on the activity phases, namely: Pre-construction Phase : Social Process and Public Attitude and Perception; Construction Phase : Land Erosion, Drainage and Irrigation Systems, Fresh and Sea Water Quality, Wild Animals, Aquatic Biota, Job Opportunity, Business Opportunity, Accessibility, Social Process, and Public Attitude and Perception;
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Operational Phase : Ambient Air Quality, Noise, Fresh and Sea Water Quality, Aquatic (Fresh Water and Sea) Biota, Terrestrial Biota, Job Opportunity, Business Opportunity, Regional Revenue, Social Process, and Public Attitude and Perception; Post Operational Phase : Accessibility, and Public Attitude and Perception;
2.2
Scope of Study 2.2.1 Activity Borders Project site border is the space where a business and / or activity plan will take place starting from the pre-construction, construction, operational until post operational phases. Identification of project
borders is based on the activity plan of Senoro gas field development and Senoro Kintom gas piping. These activities require land for
alternative #1 a total of 220 ha and 230 ha for alternative #2. Those lands are for project site, production facility, shipping jetty facility, and ROW. Pipe ROW will be built for as long as 40 km with width of 25 m from CPF to Kintom. This activity will be in Toili, Batui and Kintom Sub-districts, Banggai Regency.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 2.2.2 Ecological Borders In this study, ecological borders comprise gas field and pipeline locations and area outside the activity estimated to become impact dispersion areas. Those areas consist of wet land (paddy field),
plantation, irrigation, and communitys settlement areas. Impact dispersion heading for the sea takes into account the following: Soil topography; waste movement tends to head for the sea, so waste transportation can extend to the direction of the sea rather than to the direction of the main land; Waste movement in the sea, especially beach, which is very much influenced by tidal oscillation which always approaches and disapproaches the beach at certain time interval, so it will hamper vast dispersion; Evaluation on various cases in other places indicate that waste dispersion at the time the concentration drastically drops which incurs within 1 1.5 km and 3 km is considered nearly normal and this 3-km border from the beach becomes the base of ecological borders in sea territory. Dust dispersion is estimated to reach as far as 100 m to the left and right of the pipe. Dispersion through water is estimated to be not more than 1 km to the downstream from the water channel which will be cut by open cut method, particularly irrigation channel and
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION small river along the projected pipeline. Dust dispersion incurs
when the soil stockpile, as a result land digging for pipe placement, is blown by the wind. Dispersion through water flow incurs when pipe installation through open cut method cuts through the water channel. Noise dispersion and air quality due to heavy equipment operation are estimated to be not as far as the dust and water flow, particularly because the project location is mostly outside the provincial road which is far from communitys settlement.
2.2.3 Social Borders Social border is the space around the activity plan which is a place for various social activities to take place, which contain certain fixed norms and values (social structure), according to community groups dynamics likely to be influenced by Senoro Gas Pipe Development and Senoro Kintom Gas Piping activities. Villages that become social borders are presented in Table 2.1.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Table 2.1 Villages That Become Social Borders of Gas Field Development Activities
Sub-district Toili Village Slametharjo Social Border Justification * Land acquisition for pipeline and gas field; * Construction material & equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to rice field drainage. * Land acquisition for pipeline and gas field; * Construction material & equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to rice field drainage. * Land acquisition for pipeline and gas field; * Construction material & equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to rice field drainage. * Land acquisition for pipeline, gas field & production facility; * Construction material & equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to rice field drainage. * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Disturbance to rice field drainage; * Disturbance to river water for bathing-washing-toileting. * Land acquisition for pipeline. * Land acquisition for pipeline and jetty; * Construction material and equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to rice field drainage. * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Disturbance to rice field drainage. * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Disturbance to rice field drainage. * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Construction material and equipment mobilization. * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Construction material and equipment mobilization. * Land acquisition for pipeline. * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Construction material and equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to river water for bathing washing toileting.. * Land acquisition for pipeline. * Land acquisition for pipeline. * Land acquisition for pipeline.
Toili
Saluan (Moilong)
Batui
Sinorang
Bonebalantak
Masing Nonong
Sisipan Tolando Batalang Lamo Honbola Uso
Kintom
Kalolos Tangkiang Padang
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 2.2.3 Administrative Borders Administrative border is administrative territory of villages where project activities take place, as presented in Table 2.2. Table 2.2 Villages That Become Administrative Borders of Gas Field Development Activities
Sub-district Toili Villages Slametharjo Toili Saluang (Moilong) Sinorang Bonebalantak Masing Kayowa Nonong Sisipan Tolando Bugis Batalang Lamo Honbola Uso Kalolos Tangkiang Padang
Batui
Kintom
2.2.3 Study Area Borders Study area borders are the unity of the above four borders, as presented in Picture 2.2.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 3. METHOD OF STUDY
3.1 Data Collection and Analysis Methods 3.1.1 Data Collection Method Briefly, parameters, methods and tools used in the study are presented in Table 3.1. Table 3.1 Environmental Components / Parameters, Data Collection
Methods and Location

No. 1. Environmental Component Climate Parameter Rainfall Temperature Relative Humidity Wind SO2 NO2 H2S Hydrocarbon PM10 Dust (TSP) Noise Altitude Data Method / Source Tool Location Bubung Luwuk / Toili Climatology Station
2.
Air Quality
3.
Physiography and Morphology
Topography
Land Inclinity Slope Length
Tabulation / diagram Tabulation / diagram Tabulation / diagram Wind rose Spectrophotometer Pararosaniline GG Saltzman Dust Sampler Mercurythiocyanate Sound Level Meter Flame Ionization Gravimetric Gravimetric Direct Reading Direct Measuring GPS Peta Rupa Bumi Indonesia Bakosurtanal Observation Visual Peta Rupa Bumi Indonesia Bakosurtanal and Direct Measuring Suncto Compass Peta Rupa Bumi Indonesia Bakosurtanal
Around pipeline between Senoro 4 and Senoro 2, Nonong Village, Tangkiang Village (Picture 3.1). Project site plan (gas plant, well and pipeline)
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION
4.
5.
6.
7.
Systemized Geological Map, Batui sheet (GTL Bandung) Local Geology Observation Geological Compass, Geological Hammer Seismicity Interview with the Local People Map of Epicenters in Indonesia (GTL Bandung) Hydrogeology Measuring of Dug / Drilled Well Depth and Interview with the Local People Hydrogeological Map (GTL Bandung) Land Movement Field Observation, Geological Compass Topographic Map, Geological Map Quantitative Analysis of Slope Angle Physical Properties of Rocks and Soil Soil Quality Chemical Quality In-situ Sampling Mattock and Plastic Bags Physical Quality In-situ Sampling Mattock, Capper Ring In-situ Sampling Knife, Plastic Bag, Soil Erosion Rain Erosivity, Capper Ring Soil Erodibility, Inclinity, Vegetation Covering and Management Drainage and Flow Pattern, Observation and Working Map, Current Meter, Irrigation, Debit Irrigation Line, Illustration Current Speed (River Drainage & Irrigation Watch / Stop Watch Cross Section) Systems Measuring of Current Speed & Total Area of Cross Section Processing of Rainfall Data Empirical Formula Geology Seismicity
and Regional Geology
Project site plan (gas plant, well and pipeline)
Communitys wells in villages around the project site plan.
Along the pipeline, projected CPF and jetty location.
Around the Pipeline (Picture 3.1). Slope Area around the Pipeline
The Entire Study Area (Representative Area)
8.
HydroOceanography
Bathymetry
Tides
Wave
Current
9.
Fresh and Sea Water Water Quality + Quality Sediment Water Quality
Bathymetric Map from Hydro-Oceanography Office of Indonesian Navy/ Indonesian Coastal Environmental Map Measuring of Sea Level with Interval of 1 Hour for 3 Days Tidal Forecast Book from Hydro-Oceanography Office of Indonesian Navy Wave Estimation Data from Meteorological and Geophysical Agency Direct Measuring Previous Measuring Data from Other Institutions Physical In-situ Direct Measuring
Scale Board Sea Territory Included in Study Area Borders -
Current Meter
Chemical Direct sampling Laboratory Analysis
Thermometer, Nefractometer, pH Meter, Seichi Disc, Eikman Grab + Sample Bottles, Titration Equipment, Sampler Time, Eikman Grab. Working Map, GPS, Scaled Mine, pHBand, Hagameter, Machete, Binoculars, Counter & Tally Sheet
10.
Terrestrial Biota
Natural and Observation / Measuring Cultivation Vegetation Using Quadrate Method / Squared Lanes at Sample Location Transect
Wild Animals
Observation, Bird Observation using IPA, Method, & Interview on the Existence of Endemic Wild Animals
Around the pipeline Passing through the Sea between Senoro 3 and Senoro 4, Sea in Nonong Village and in front of Pipe End Located in the Sea in Padang Village. Project site plan (gas plant, well and gas pipe ROW), & areas bordered with Bangkiriang Animal Conservation and Mangrove Protected Forest along the beach of Kintom Subdistrict. At vegetation location transects
11.
Aquatic Biota
Coral Reef
Plankton
In-situ Direct Observation Map from Hydrooceanography Office of Indonesian Navy / LPI Map Bakosurtanal In-situ Sampling + Laboratory Analysis In-situ Sampling Laboratory Analysis
Snorkeling / Scuba Around the pipeline, Diving Equipment namely close to GPS sampling site for sea water quality.
Benthos
Sample Bottles, Plankton Net no. 25. GPS + Ekman Grab, Leveled Filter, GPS
Nekton
12.
Social
Demography
Land Ownership Job Opportunity Business Opportunity PAD
Accessibility
Direct Interview with the Local People Data from the Relevant Office (Office of Fishery) Total Number of Form Respondents Are 10% (160 Respondents) Village Monographic Secondary Data from Central Agency for Statistics, Sub-district Offices Observation, Structured Questionnaire Interview with Respondents (Villagers, Community Leaders) with 10% (160) Respondents. Provincial and Regency Data from the Central Agency for Statistics Traffic Survey by Form Counting the Frequency and Type of Vehicles Passing by Direct Observation on Road Condition
In the sea close to sea water sampling site. On the ground / land, in rivers close to pipe ROW. Sea Territory Included in Study Area Borders
Villages around the Activity Plan Site Whose Areas Are Chosen in Social Border Cluster (Total of 13 Villages)
Market Intersection in Gori-gori
12.
(Continued)
Social Process
Public Attitude and Perception
13.
Public Health
Public Health (Disease Prevalence, Types of Disease, Toddlers Nutrition Status, & Environmental Sanitation
Structured Interview with Community Leaders as Respondent Observation, Structured Questionnaire Interview with Respondents (Villagers, Community Leaders) with 10% (160) Respondents. Observation, Structured Questionnaire Interview with Respondents (Villagers, Community Leaders), Data from Health Office, PKM, Integrated Service Post (Pos Yandu) and Central Agency for Statistics.
Villages around the Activity Plan Site Whose Areas Are Chosen in Social Border Cluster (Total of 13 Villages) Villages around the Activity Plan Site Whose Areas Are Chosen in Social Border Cluster (Total of 14 Villages)
3.1.1.1
Secondary Data Several environmental components that have been analyzed need to be supported / completed with secondary data, such as: climate, physiography, geology, hydro-oceanography,
hydrogeology, spatial and land management, and hydrology. Description of social-economy and culture as well as local peoples health obtained from the relevant institutions is also needed. Those data include: Climate data from Meteorological and Geophysical Agency, Banggai Regency Meteorology Station and the areas around neighboring locations;
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Basic map (rupa bumi), bathymetric map in waters around the project site from Coordinating Agency for National Survey and Mapping (BAKOSURTANAL); Oceanographic data around the project site from Hydrooceanography Office (DISHIDROS) of Indonesian Navy; Village / Sub-district Monographic Data from the Statistic Office of Central Sulawesi Province and Banggai Regency; Spatial plan and land use plan from National Agency of Land Affairs of Banggai Regency; Soil map from Soil and Agroclimate Research Center in Bogor; Hydrology and irrigation from the Directorate / Office of Irrigation; Map of forest and waters area of Central Sulawesi Province from Natural Conservation Information Center, Forestry Department, in Bogor; Map of forest area of Banggai Regency from Forestry Office of Banggai Regency in Luwuk; Geological and hydrogeological data from Environmental Management Geology Center;
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Road class and vehicle frequency data from Office of Traffic and Land Transportation of Central Sulawesi Province and Banggai Regency; Types of disease, health facilities, medical personnel / paramedics data from Health Office of Central Sulawesi Province and Banggai Regency;
3.1.1.2
Primary Data Primary data in ANDAL study are collected through sampling representation principle in the study area. Data collected are analysis result to environmental components estimated to be imposed by impacts. Identification of sampling locations in the study area is based on representation approach by looking at location dispersion estimated to be impacted. Environmental components requiring sampling are physical-chemical, biological, social-economic and cultural components. a. Air Quality and Noise Air quality and noise measuring is done in the same location. Identification of air quality and noise measuring location is based on noise source and settlement location potential to be impacted. Air quality measuring method refers to
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Government Regulation No. 41 Year 1999 regarding Air Pollution Control. Air quality parameters measured are SO2, NO2, hydrocarbon, H2S, CO, dust (TSP) and PM10. Noise measuring is done through direct reading using Sound level Meter. Air quality and noise measuring locations are presented in Table 3.2, while air quality parameter, analysis method, and equipment are presented in Table 3.3. Table 3.2
No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Air Quality and Noise Measuring Locations

Geographical Position 01 23 26.7 S 122 27 09.8 E 01 23 15.6 S 122 28 24.3 E 01 20.367 S 122 31.745 E 01 23 33.7 S 122 27 06.6 E 01 11 15.4 S 122 37 47.9 E Remarks CPF Gas Processing Facility Location (Alt #1 CPF). CPF Gas Processing Facility Location (Alt #2 CPF). The nearest settlement area from CPF. Settlement area near jetty location. Settlement at the end of gas pipeline.
Measuring Location Senoro #2 Senoro #1 Sinorang Village Nonong Village Tangkiang Village
Table 3.3
No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. SO2 NO2
Air Quality Parameter, Analysis Method and Equipment

Air Quality Parameter Analysis Method Pararosaniline Saltzman Flame Ionization Mercurythiocynate NDIR Gravimetric Gravimetric Equipment Spectrophotometer Spectrophotometer Gas Chromatography Spectrophotometer NDIR Analyzer Hi-Vol Hi-Vol
Hydrocarbon H2S CO Dust (TSP) PM10
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION b. Physiography, Topography and Soil Physiography and topography are directly observed visually and in-situ measuring or exploration is done by considering and cross-checking with available secondary data. Soil type is directly observed in-situ by finding singkapan and matching it with available secondary data to obtain soil profile description for each representing soil type (1-2 representatives for each soil type). In each representing
profile, soil samples are taken to identify soil chemical and physical properties at the laboratory. Tentative observation points for 10 soil profiles are shown in Picture 3.1. c. Land / Soil Erosion Erosion is visually observed in-situ in places where erosion indeed takes place, namely areas which are not flat; in addition to measuring of parameters need in erosion estimation based on Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), such as slope length and inclinity, as well as vegetation factor and conservation efforts. d. Drainage and Debit Water puddle and swamp, drainage pattern and flow direction are directly observed in-situ based on existing peta rupa bumi and cross-checked with the actual condition. Instanteous river debit and water channel / irrigation,
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION particularly those to be cut by the pipeline, will be measured in-situ using current meter. e. Water Quality and Sediment Water quality data collection comprises physical and chemical parameters in the environment potential to be impacted by the activity, such as river, sea, and communitys wells. Sampling locations are presented in details in Table 3.4. Observation of water quality parameter is conducted
directly in-situ and some will be through water sampling for further analysis at the laboratory. Table 3.4
No. I. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. II. 1. 2. 3. III. 1. 2.
Water Quality and Sediment Sampling Locations

Location Position 122 30.105 E 122 32.025 E 122 37.767 E 122 27.800 E 122 32.924 E 122 31.481 E 122 30.438 E 122 25.977 E 122 28.346 E 122 29.402 E 122 27.156 E 122 24.114 E
River Waters Kayowa River (Upstream) 01 18.63 S Bakung River (Downstream) 01 18.246 S Sinorang River 01 23.589 S Bonebalantak River 01 21.435 S Bakung River (Downstream) 01 17.185 S Bakung River (Upstream) 01 17.574 S Kayowa River (Downstream) 01 19.330 S Sea Waters Waters in front of Bangkiriang Animal 01 25.813 S Conservation Estuary of Sinorang River 01 24.413 S Waters in front of Nonong Village 01 22.534 S Wells Well near Senoro-2 01 23.447 S Well near Senoro-3 01 26.324 S
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Water sampling is done by using combined water sample bottles (it means that in relatively deep waters, water sampling is done on the upper layer and lower layer and the samples will be mixed). Hence, one observation point only requires one series of water quality data. Water samples to be taken to the laboratory will be treated according to the need and requirements of water sample handling for a water quality parameter, such as preservation, cooling and packing of water samples during transportation from the field to the laboratory. Physical and chemical parameters required in
this study are presented in details in Table 3.5. Table 3.5 Parameters, Units, Methods and Tools Used for Measuring in Water and Sediment Columns
No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Parameter a. Physics Temperature Turbidity Suspended Solids b. Chemical Salinity pH Dissolved Oxygen BOD Sulphide Ammonia Nitrate and Nitrite Total Phosphate Orto Phosphate Phenol Compound Oil and Fat Heavy Metals: Hg, Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni Unit C NTU mg / l mg / l mg / l mg / l mg / l mg / l mg / l mg / l mg / l mg / l mg / l Method Expansion Light Absorption Gravimetric Tool Thermometer Spectrophotometer Analytical Balance
Refractometer Potentiometric pH-meter Tittrimetric Winkler Buret tools Tittrimetric Winkler Buret tools Complex Spectrophotometer Brusin Complex Spectrophotometer Cd and NED Reduction Spectrophotometer Molibdat Complex Spectrophotometer Molibdat Complex Spectrophotometer Extraction Spectrophotometer Gravimetric Partition and Balance and Infrared Spectrophotometer Atom Absorption Spectrophotometer
c. Sediment Texture Phenol Compound Oil and Fat Heavy Metals: Hg, Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni
16. 17. 18. 19.
% mg / l mg / l mg / l
Fractionation Extraction Gravimetric Partition Infrared Atom Absorption
Filter Spectrophotometer and Balance and Spectrophotometer Spectrophotometer
f. Hydro-oceanography Oceanographic data needed in this analysis consist of bathymetric map, tides, wave and current. Bathymetric Map. Bathymetry is needed in relation with the condition of waters related to waters depth, sediment transportation and settling process, wave and coastal current pattern. Bathymetry in the waters surrounding the project site is from ocean map published by Coordinating Agency for National Survey and Mapping (BAKOSURTANAL). Tides. Tidal data are obtained by direct measuring for 3 x 24 hours which will be used to obtain the general description of tidal type. Furthermore, to obtain the tidal type of the
project site, tidal secondary data are also needed from the Office of Hydro-oceanography (DISHIDROS) of Indonesian Navy. Wave and Current. secondary data Wave data will be obtained through by the Office of Hydro-
provided
oceanography (DISHIDROS) of Indonesian Navy or other

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION relevant institutions. Current will be locally measured,
particularly for the speed and direction, while to identify current pattern, secondary data will be obtained from the Office of Hydro-oceanography (DISHIDROS) of Indonesian Navy or other relevant institutions. g. Vegetation Vegetation identified consists of natural and cultivation vegetation. Parameters observed are individual species and total number, free height of branches and diameter of stalks. Observation applies quadrate method, with plot sizes as presented in Table 3.6. For cultivation vegetation, floristic method will be used, namely identification of species, total number, and planting interval. In addition, species of tumbuhan bawah and non-wood vegetation which have ecological value and been used by the local people. Total number of observation plot is 3-5
plots in every lane, depending on species homogeneity and total area of vegetation community. Tools used consist of working map, machete, measuring tape, compass, GPS, tally sheet and stationery.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Table 3.6 Size of Sample Plots based on Vegetation Species and Growth Strata
No. 1. 2. Pole Tree Growth Stratum Dry Land Vegetation Description Plot Pole diameters 10 m x 10 m of 10 19 cm Stalk diameters 20 m x 20 m of 20 cm Mangrove Vegetation Description Plot Stalk diameters of 4 cm 10 m x 10 m
Vegetation sample observation locations are identified randomly based on representation of each ecosystem, land covering and / or land use pattern estimated to be impacted by each type and location of activity plan to be implemented (Table 3.7). Table 3.7 Locations of Vegetation Sample Observation and the Relevance with Type of Business and / or Activity Plan
Type of Ecosystem A. Field Development Mixed gardens and rice fields Plot Location Note V-8 V-1 V-5 V-2 V-9 V-3, V-4 and V-6 V-7 Relevance Well S-1 and Trunkline site plan Well S-2 and CPF site plan Well S-3 site plan Well S-4 site plan Well S-5 site plan Trunkline site plan (alternatives 1 and 2) from Well S-3 to CPF Trunkline site plan from Wells S-1 and S-5 to CPF. Condensate jetty site plan (alternatives 1 and 2) Piping site plan between Senoro Kintom Metering Station site plan in Tangkiang
Bangkiriang Animal Conservation Forest Area River ROW B. Pipeline Beach ROW River ROW in Convertible Production Forest Area Mixed gardens
V-10 and V-11 V-12, V-13, V-14, V-15 and V-16 V-17
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION h. Wild Animals Wild animal parameters to be observed are habitat quality, species richness and individual abundance of birds, reptiles and mammals, including protected fauna species (number of species). Observation sample location is the same with
observation sample location for vegetation parameters (Table 3.7) because vegetation is the main composing element of wild animal habitat. Direct observation will use lane exploration method and modified Index Point of Abundance (IPA) method. Lane exploration method is used to observe mammals and reptiles with the same observation lane with vegetation observation lane. Parameters to be noted are species, total number, and location of wild animals when observed. Exploration method is especially to identify the condition of habitat quality and to complete wild animal observation results from the sample plots. Habitat quality is observed qualitatively towards habitat components, such as vegetation species and strata, food source and water source. Indirect observation is based on footprints, manure, sound and other signs they have left, and information obtained form the interview with local people on the existence and use of wild animals.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION i. Aquatic Biota Aquatic biota components to be analyzed consist of plankton, benthos, nekton (fish resource) and coral reef. The objective of biological environmental components is to identify the biological and ecological conditions of the environment, particularly biological component. Aquatic biological
component is observed through sampling, observation and interview. Aquatic biota sampling location is selected based on project activity plan and water condition in the study area (the same with air quality sampling location). i.1 Plankton Phytoplankton and zooplankton sampling is each done by using plankton net. Plankton is taken by filtering 100
liters of water. Plankton sampling is done in the same location with air quality sampling location. Plankton
samples are then put into sample collection bottles, added with lugol preservative and taken to the laboratory for analysis. Plankton samples are analyzed to identify abundance, diversity index, uniformity index and
dominance index. i.2 Benthos Data collected consist of macrozoobenthos species and density in the waters. Benthos sampling is done by using
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Eikman Grab, then screened to obtain samples for analysis. Sampling location is the same with air quality sampling location (please refer to Table 3.4). Those
samples are put into plastic bags, given 4% formalin liquid preservative, and analyzed at the laboratory. i.3 Nekton Fish resource consists of economic species which play a role in food chain (ecologically) and migrating fish resource (reproduction, finding food related to the environmental condition and other factors). These data are obtained from observation, interview with fishermen and secondary data available at Office of Maritime and Fisheries of Banggai Regency. i.4 Coral Reef Observation of coral reef and other organisms associated with coral reef is done by direct observation and scuba diving. Coral reef observation / sampling location is along the pipeline in the sea. Data collection method of coral reef and organisms associated with coral reef is a combination of line transect method and quadrant transect method.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION j. Social Economy, Culture and Public Health Illustration on communitys social economic and cultural conditions is obtained through direct interview with
respondents.
Respondent sampling method used is
Purposive Cluster Sampling which is combined by setting up focused group discussions, if field condition allows.
Respondents to be interviewed consist of: * * * Communitys leaders (formal and informal leaders); Villagers residing around the gas field and pipeline; Land owners / cultivators around the gas field and pipeline; and * Fishermen in Nonong Village.
In this study, 160 families (heads of households) are interviewed. That number is 10% of the total heads of
households estimated to be imposed by the impacts of the activity plan, namely people residing near the gas field and pipeline to be constructed. According to Adi (2002), the
number of respondents used in social survey method is 10% of the total households impacted. Sampling in each location can be seen in sampling map (Picture 3.1) and Table 3.8.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Table 3.8 Sampling Locations and Total Number of Social Economic and Cultural Respondents
Sub-district Village Slametharjo Sampling Reason * Land acquisition for pipeline and gas field; * Construction material and equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to field drainage. * Land acquisition for pipeline and gas field; * Construction material and equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to field drainage. * Land acquisition for pipeline and gas field; * Construction material and equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to field drainage. * Land acquisition for pipeline, gas field & production facilities; * Construction material and equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to field drainage. * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Disturbance to field drainage; * Disturbance to river water for Bathing-Washing-Toileting. * Land acquisition for pipeline. * Land acquisition for pipeline and jetty; * Construction material and equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to field drainage. * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Disturbance to field drainage. * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Construction material and equipment mobilization. * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Construction material and equipment mobilization. * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Construction material and equipment mobilization. * Land acquisition for pipeline. * Land acquisition for pipeline; * Construction material and equipment mobilization; * Disturbance to river water for Bathing-Washing-Toileting. * Land acquisition for pipeline. * Land acquisition for pipeline. * Land acquisition for pipeline. Number of Respondents 10
Toili
Toili
Saluan
10
Sinorang
16
Bonebalantak Masing Nonong Batui Sisipan Tolando Batalang Lamo Honbola Uso Kalolos Tangkiang Padang
10 6 12 9 15 12 12 10 12 3 7 7
Kintom
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 3.1.2 Data Analysis Method Climate, Air Quality and Noise Long term climate data consist of rainfall, temperature and relative humidity which will be analyzed to obtain monthly average data. Those average monthly data will further be
3.1.2.1
presented in table or diagram to identify the variation or fluctuation in one year. Wind data will particularly be analyzed in the form of wind rose so that its monthly average can be identified, together with the pattern of its seasonal directions. Data from each air quality parameter will be compared to prevailing ambient air quality standard, namely according to Government Regulation No. 41 Year 1999. Thereby, ambient air quality in the study area can be identified. Noise level value as a result of measuring will be compared to Noise Level Standard based on the Decree of Environment Minister No. KEP-48/MENLH/11/1996. Noise dispersion from the noise source and its surrounding is estimated using equation:
SL1
= Noise level within R1 distance from noise source
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION SL2 = Noise level within R2 distance from noise source R1 and R2 = Distance of each location 1 (L1) and location 2 (L2) from noise source (R1 > R2)
3.1.2.2
Soil Changes in soil chemical and physical qualities are analyzed using data tabulation and comparison to available standard or criteria (Puslittanak, 1983). Soil chemical quality criteria class can change to worse or lower due to project impacts (Tables 3.9 and 3.10).
Table 3.9
Criteria for Soil Chemical Quality Analysis
Source: Soil Research Center, 1983.
Terms of Reference: Soil Capability Survey,
Transmigration Supporting Research Project. Soil Research Center, Agricultural R&D Agency, Department of Agriculture, Bogor.
Notes: Sifat Tanah Sangat Rendah Rendah Sedang Tinggi Sangat Tinggi Susunan Kation Kejenuhan Basa Sangat Masam Masam Agak Masam Netral Agak Alkalis Alkalis = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Soil Quality Very Low Low Medium, average High Very High Cation Structure Alkaline Saturation Very Acidic Acidic Rather Acidic Neutral Rather Alkaline Alkaline
Table 3.10
Analysis of Several Soil Physical Quality Parameters

Value < 0.125 0.125 0.50 0.50 2.00 2.00 6.35 6.35 12.70 12.70 25.40 > 25.40 <5 5 10 10 15 > 15 <5 5 10 10 15 15 20 > 20 Class Very Slow Slow Rather Slow Average Rather Fast Fast Very Fast Very Low Low Average High Very Low Low Average High Very High
Parameter Infiltration Speed / Permeability (cm / hour)
Aeration Pore (%)
Available Water Catching Pore (%)
Very Stable > 80 Stable 80 65 Rather Stable 65 50 Instable 50 40 Very Instable < 40 Plasticity (index) < 10 Not Plastic 10 20 Rather Plastic 20 30 Plastic > 30 Very Plastic COLE < 0.03 Low 0.03 0.06 Average 0.06 0.09 High > 0.09 Very High Source: Uhland and ONeal (1951), De Leenheer and De Boodt (1959. Lambe, 1956 in Subagyono et al. Aggregate Stability (index) 1994)
3.1.2.3
Soil Erosion Erosion magnitude on inclining land where gas pipe will be planted and ROW of 25 meters will be constructed is estimated using USLE estimation: A = R.K.LS.C.P . (3.2) A R K LS C P = erosion magnitude (ton / ha / year) = rain erosivity = soil erodibility = Slope length and angle factors = soil covering or vegetation factor, and = soil and water conservation measure factor
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION C and P values before ROW construction and gas pipe installation are a lot lower than 1.0, but particularly at the time of gas pipe installation and ROW construction and after gas is flown, CP values will approach 1.0 and erosion will hike. The value of soil erosion estimation significance is determined by Tolerable Soil Loss (TLS) value. Tolerable erosion = Tolerable Soil Loss (TSL): TSL = {(De Dmin) / UGT} LPT (3.3) De Dmin UGT LPT = Soil solum depth x depth factor = Soil minimum depth for vegetation rooting = Umur Guna Tanah (Soil Use Age) = Laju Pembentukan Tanah (Soil Formulation Speed) Soil erosion > TSL is dangerous and significantly needs attention / to be managed
3.1.2.4
Drainage and Irrigation Systems and Debit Changes in drainage and irrigation systems are analyzed quantitatively using construction, particularly around pipe installation area in rice field area, in addition to hills or mountains:
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Change in river debit is analyzed through peak debit change approach in one case or two micro catchments in the study area, based on the following rational equation: q = 0.028 C.i.A . (3.4) q C i A = = = = peak debit (m3 / second) runoff coefficient rain intensity during flood incurrence (mm / hour) total area of micro catchment (km2)
With assumption of fixed rain intensity and total area, change in peak debit will incur when C (runoff coefficient) value changes in micro catchment; ROW lane will increase C value. On the field, instanteous debit is measured by using the following formula: Q = A.V (3.5) Q A V = = = Measured debit (m3 / second) Total area of cross section (m2) Average flow speed (m / second)
3.1.2.5
Water Quality Water quality data are processed quantitatively by referring to water quality standard according to Government Regulation No.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 82 Year 2001 and Regulation of Environment Minister No. 51 Year 2004.
3.1.2.6
Hydro-oceanography Tides Obtained tidal component will further be analyzed using Formzahl equation to obtain tidal criteria, namely:
F K1
= =
Formzahl number Main single tidal component caused by solar gravity
O1
Main single tidal component caused by lunar gravity
K2
Main double tidal components caused by solar gravity
O2
Main single double components caused by lunar gravity
Tidal type criteria: 0 < F 0.25 = double tidal type;
0.26 < F 1.50 = mixed tidal type where double tidal type is more dominant;
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 1.51 < F 3.00 = mixed tidal type where single tidal type is more dominant. Sediment Suspended Waste Dispersion Waste produced during construction phase, particularly turbidity from pipe installation, will spread into the surrounding waters it is carried by both the current and wave. In addition, this waste dispersion is influenced by diffusion process, in addition to current activity. Hence, waste dispersion can be stated with
advection diffusion equation, which is formulated as follows:
C (u, v, w)
= Mass concentration of diffused waste. = Component of current speed in the same direction with, consecutively, x, y and z axis.
(x, y, z)
= Cartesian coordinate axis.
(Kx, Ky, Kz) = Components of diffusion coefficient in the same direction with, consecutively, x, y and z axis. Elements (2), (3), (4) = Advection components Elements (5), (6), (7) = Diffusion components Assumption used to obtain solution of equation (3.7) is by assuming that: (1) settling process of fine textured mud is very little; (2) diffusion process vertically is less than horizontally, so
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION that components (4) and (7) of equation (3.7) can be ignored; (3) the wave effect towards waste dispersion currently is ignored. Furthermore, since diffusion process is influenced by current magnitude, diffusion coefficient of equation (3.7) is identified using the following formula (Elliot, Dale, & Proctor, 1992):
= Diffusion coefficient whose value ranges at 0.5 2.5 x 103s
u, v = Horizontal speed components Hence, equation (3.7) can be written as:
The solution of equation (3.9) can be obtained as mentioned by Fisher and friends (1979), namely as:
= Pollutant source per time unit.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 3.1.2.7 Terrestrial Vegetation Vegetation data analysis covers species density, species relative density, species frequency, species relative frequency, species covering, species relative covering, species significance value, diversity and species dominance, using the following formula: * Species density (Di) namely total number of species-i individuals (standing) in an area unit, with equation:
ni = Total number of species-i individuals A = Total area of sampling area. * Species Relative Density (RDi) is comparison between total number of species-i individuals (standing) and total number of the entire species (n) individuals (standing) calculated using the following equation:
Species Frequency (Fi), namely the possibility of species-i to be found in observed sampling plots, is calculated using the following equation:
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION pi = total number of sampling plots where species-i is found p = total number of sampling plots observed * Species Relative Frequency (RFi), namely comparison between species-i frequency (Fi) and total number of frequency for the entire species (F), is calculated using the following equation:
Fi = Species-i frequency F = Total number of frequency of the entire species * Species covering (Ci), namely total area of species-i covering in a certain area unit, is calculated using equation:
BA = .d2/4 (cm2) D lb A * = stalk diameter of species-i (cm) = constant = lb/ (cm) = stalk circumference = total area of sample plot observed. Relative Covering (RCi), namely comparison
Species
between total area of species-i covering (Ci) and total area of

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION covering for the entire species (C), is calculated using the following equation:
Species Significance Value (IVi), namely the total of species relative density value (RDi), species relative frequency (RFi) and species relative covering (RCi), is calculated using the following equation: IVi = RDi + RFi + RCi (3.17) Species significance value ranges at 0 300. This
significance value provides an illustration regarding influence or role of a vegetation species in a certain community. * Diversity (H) which is shown in diversity index is a diversity illustration based on species significance value in community. Diversity index used is Shannon-Wiener diversity index (English, et al., 1994) based on the following equation:
ni N
= Species-i significance value = The total of significance value of all species
Vegetation species diversity (H) can be used as indicator of structure stability of vegetation community or ecosystem
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION condition of a community / an area. The higher H is, the higher capability an ecosystem will have to conduct controlling function (cybernetics) and survival / vulnerability to external disturbances.
3.1.2.8
Wild Animals Data on observation result of mammal wild animals are presented in the form of species richness in a community (ecosystem), before being analyzed based on literature review whose outcomes will be descriptively elaborated. Similar thing will be done to habitat quality. With regard to bird observation data, IPA method is used to calculate relative density of a species (KR) and species diversity index (H) using equation used in vegetation analysis.
3.1.2.9
Aquatic Biota 1) Plankton Plankton data analysis consists of species and abundance identification and classification at the laboratory before obtaining diversity, uniformity and dominance values.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION a. Abundance Plankton abundance is the total number of plankton individuals in certain volume (liter). The formula used to calculate plankton abundance is:
= Plankton abundance (individual / liter or individual / m3)
Oi Op Vr Vo Vs
= Total area of cover glass (mm2) = Total area of a field of view (mm2) = Volume of filtered sample water (ml) = Volume of a drop of sample water (ml) = Volume of water filtered using plankton net (liter or m3)
= Total number of plankton in the entire field of view
= Total number of observed fields of view
b. Diversity Index This index is calculation based on information regarding randomizing of a system. Index used is Shannon-Wiener (Krebs, 1972) using the formula:
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION H S ni N = Diversity index = Total number of species found = Total number of species-i individuals = Total number of individuals
c. Uniformity Index Uniformity index value in a community shows uniformity level of ecological condition among plankton species. This index is calculated by using the following formula:
E H Hmax
= Uniformity index = Diversity index = Natural logarithm of total number of species found.
S N
= Total number of species found = Total number of individuals.
Uniformity index (E) can be used to see if there are any dominance patterns by one or several groups of organism species found in the community aquatic organisms observed. If the value of E approaches 1, individual
dispersion among species is relatively even. But if the value of E approaches 0, individual dispersion among species is significantly not even. In other words, if the
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION value of E approaches 0, there is a group of certain species whose number is relatively abundant (dominant) compared to other species. Daget (1976) classifies
community uniformity index value is E 0.75 with balanced community criteria. d. Dominance Index Dominance index is used to identify how high the domination level is in an aquatic community by a certain plankton species, by using the following formula:
C ni N
= Dominance index = Total number of species-i individuals = Total number of individuals.
2) Benthos a. Density Benthos density is the total number of benthos individuals in certain total area (m2). The formula used to calculate benthos density is:
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION A B C = Benthos density (individual / m2) = Total number of benthos individuals in sample = Total area of Eikman Grab mouth opening (m2)
b. Diversity, University and Dominance Indexes Data analysis to identify benthos will be done through calculation similar to the one used for diversity and dominance indexes of plankton. 3) Fish Fish resource data are presented in the table of fish species that can be caught by the local fishermen, completed with narration. 4) Coral Reef Analysis of coral reef component is in the forms of species and covering percentage of each species found in sampling location. Percentage calculation is as follows:
C = Covering percentage of species-i (%) a = Species-i covering (m2) A = Transect size (m2)
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Furthermore, Coral Reef Damage Standard Criteria (Decree of Environment Minister No. 04 Year 2001) will be used to identify the condition of coral reef. Table 3.11 Standard Criteria for Coral Reef Damage
Parameter Percentage of Total Covering Area by Living Coral Reef Standard Criteria for Coral Reef Damage Bad 0 24.9 Damaged Average 25 49.9 Good 50 74.9 Good Very Good 75 100
Further analysis is classification of coral reef and other biota associated with coral reef into each equivocal, by using the relevant literature source.
3.1.2.10 Social-Economy and Culture 1) Increase in Job Opportunity Increase in job opportunity is measured using comparison analysis, namely by looking at the total number of workers to be absorbed by project activities compared to the total number of people looking for jobs found in the project area. 2) Population Density In several locations with dense population, gas field development and gas piping activities will create impacts.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Identification of the size of population density will be using the following formula:
D = Population density. Density criteria are based on Law No. 56/prp/1960 regarding population density classification as presented in Table 3.12. Table 3.12
No. 1. 2. 3. 4.
Classification of Population Density

Density Criteria Not Dense (Rare) Less Dense Rather Dense Very Dense
Population Density (people/km2) 1 50 51 250 251 400 > 400
3) Population Growth Rate Population growth rate is calculated using mathematic method referring to systematic population growth as follows:
Pn = Total number of population in year n (latest) Po = Total number of population in the beginning of year (base) R = Population growth rate T = Period (year)
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 4) Dependency Ratio Dependency ratio is calculated using the following formula:
DR P0-14
= Dependency Ratio = Total number of population of the ages of (0 to 14 years)
P>64
= Total number of population of the age of 65 above
P15-64 = Total number of population of the ages of (15 to 64 years) 5) Traffic Volume Pipe installation on the road side is estimated to create disturbance to traffic flow. To identify the impact to traffic density, vehicle frequency and traffic volume at road intersection which is the most often passed by construction material / equipment transporting vehicles will be calculated. In addition, the peak time of vehicles passing by will also be taken into account. Secondary data from the Office of Road Traffic and Transportation will also be used as reference in the calculation:
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION LHR K T = Average Daily Traffic = Total number of vehicles passing by (unit) = Time (day)
6) Degree of Saturation Degree of saturation is the value showing the condition of road side in serving the incurring traffic volume by using the following formula: DS = V / C . (3.29) C = Cp x FCw x FCsp x FCsf x FCcs .(3.30) C = Effective capacity (PCU / hour) (PCU = Passengers Car Unit) V Cp FCw = Traffic volume (PCU / hour) = Basic capacity = Road lane width factor
FCsp = Direction separator factor FCsf FCcs = Side hampering factor = City size factor
7) Peoples Income Peoples income, especially farmers whose lands be acquired, will be measured using the following equation: Y = P x Q Pi x Qi (3.31)
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Y = Income P = Price of sold goods (Rp) Q = Quantity of sold goods (unit) Pi = Input price (Rp) Qi = Input quantity (unit) In addition, comparison process is also done by considering land productivity level. In general, productive area will have appropriate compensation level, meaning land compensation value is decided based on land condition; rice field land will have different value from oil palm and cacao plantation. Quality scale based on income level can be seen in Table 3.13. Table 3.13 Quality Scale based on Income Level
Quality Scale Poor Average Rich Very Rich
No. Average Income Level 1. < UMK 2. UMK 0.10x UMK 3. 0.10x UMK 2x UMK 4. > 2x UMK Note: UMK = Regency Minimum Wage
3.1.2.11 Public Health Analysis of public health component is viewed from disease prevalence rate by calculating the total number of people suffering from a disease in a community for a certain period. .
PR K
= Prevalence Rate = Total number of old and new cases in a certain period (year)
= Total number of population in the middle of a year
3.2 Significant and Major Impact Estimation Methods Significant impact estimation is an accurate and thorough yet partial analysis to environmental qualities experiencing fundamental changes due to project activities. Environmental quality changes are stated in impact magnitude and impact significance. This significant impact estimation is applied to each environmental component which is according to scoping result (in line with the formulation of terms of reference document) classified as hypothetically significant impact. The guidelines for the identification of significant impacts refer to the Decree of the Head of Environmental Impact Management Agency No. 056 Year 1994 regarding significant impact criteria, namely: total number of people imposed by the impact, impact intensity, total area of impact dispersion, impact duration, impact cumulative property, impact reversibility / irreversibility, and total number of environmental components imposed by the impact. Impact magnitude to environmental component parameters due to project activities is estimated through formal and non-formal methods.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 3.2.1 Formal Method Impact magnitude to environmental component parameters due to project activities is estimated using mathematical formulas, so that impact magnitude can be identified quantitatively and impact behavior can be tracked. This approach is used to estimate impacts to the
parameters of the losing of land owners status, traffic, concern, vegetation and increase in job opportunity, with the following calculation: a) Land Ownership Change in total area of land ownership is obtained through addition of lands to be acquired / purchased for various activities of gas field, pipe ROW and buildings for production facilities.
Notes: Jumlah penggarap = Total number of farmers
Luas lahan garapan yang dibebaskan = Total are of cultivated land to be acquired Luas pemilikan rata-rata = Total area of average land ownership
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION b) Accessibility The formula used to identify project contribution to the increase in traffic density is in Passengers Car Unit (SMP = Satuan Unit Mobil Penumpang):
Notes: Satuan Mobil Penumpang (SMP) = Passengers Car Unit (PCU) Jumlah rit truk alat dan bahan per hari = Total number of routes of equipment and material trucks per day Kepadatan lalu lintas per hari = Daily traffic density Meanwhile, to identify the condition of road side in serving the incurring traffic volume, V/C ratio will be used. c) Labor recruitment The formula used to identify project contribution to local labor recruitment is:
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Notes: Kontribusi Penerimaan Tenaga Kerja = Contribution of Labor Recruitment TKL = Total number of local workers to be recruited / absorbed by the project TKT = Total number of workers to be recruited / absorbed by the project TKP = Total number of job seekers registered at Local Manpower Office d) Change in vegetation quality Quality scale of kerapatan tegakan is used to analyze change in vegetation environmental quality, as shown in Tables 3.14 and 3.15. Particularly for mangrove vegetation, Quality Standard and Guidelines for Mangrove Damage Identification at Beach ROW and Mangrove River ROW outside Conservation Area (Decree of Environment Minister No. 201 Year 2004), as presented in Table 3.16. Table 3.14
No. 1. 2. 3. 4.
Quality Scale based on Kerapatan Tegakan

Quality Scale Very Good (5) > 50 > 150 > 400 > 2000 Good (4) 40 49 100 150 300 400 1500 1999 Average (3) 30 39 80 99 200 399 1000 1499 Bad (2) 20 29 50 79 100 199 500 1000 Very Bad (1) < 20 < 50 < 100 < 500
Vegetation Strata Tree Pole Stake Seedling
Source : Setiadi (1992), Estimation of Impact to Vegetation
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Table 3.15

Scale 1 2 3 4 5
Quality Scale based on Species Diversity Index

Category Very bad / instable Bad / less stable Average / rather stable Good / stable Very good / very stable Species Diversity Index Land 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.6 2.4 2.5 3.5 > 3,5 Swamp < 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 > 2.5
Source : Samingan (1992), Procedure of Impact Estimation to Vegetation
Table 3.16
No. 1 2
Mangrove Damage Standard Criteria

Criteria Good Very dense Average Rare Covering (%) 75 50 74 < 50 Density (stalk / ha) 1,500 1,000 1,499 < 1,000
Damaged
Source : Decree of Environment State Minister No. 201 Year 2004
3.2.2
Informal Method This method is used to estimate the magnitude of some impacts to incurring environmental components. Informal methods to be used are impact estimation based on analogy and based on experts analysis.
3.2.2.1
Impact Estimation based on Analogy This method is based on analogy or by comparing
environmental condition that incurs and the problems resulted from similar activities in different places. This approach is used
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION to estimate impact for physical-chemical environmental
components and some social components.
3.2.2.2
Impact Estimation based on Experts Analysis In case of obstacles in obtaining data in the field, this method is usually used. Impact estimation using this method is very much dependent on the knowledge and experience of the analysts. This approach is used to estimate impacts to environmental components if mathematical and analogical approaches are not possible to apply.
3.3 Significant Impact Evaluation Method 3.3.1 Impact Magnitude and Significance Analysis This analysis refers to the provisions under Government Regulation No. 27/1999, namely through the following approaches: * Holistic analysis to entire major and significant impacts from environmental components / parameters of each activity plan as the impact source, as produced from impact magnitude and
significance estimation analysis, is done through non-matrix method in the form of flowchart;
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION * Major and significant impact flowchart method is used to illustrate the interrelation (cause and effect) between impact source and significant impact to environmental components / parameters estimated to incur, and among the environmental components / parameters imposed by the significant impact, in order to identify the activity plan as the impact source and type of impact that becomes the key variable that must be managed and monitored through technological, social economic, and institutional
approaches; * Holistic analysis to the entire major and significant impacts to identify tendency of activity plan impact estimated to incur will be done by presenting quantitative and qualitative values of each size and significance of impact in the form of descriptive explanation as a unity. Evaluation of significant impacts is intended to evaluate holistically the entire impacts due to Senoro Gas Field Development and SenoroKintom Gas Piping activities in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, to all environmental components since the pre-construction phase to operational phase. Holistic impact evaluation of those various or fundamental
environmental changes, in certain area and period of time due to the project, will apply checklist method and significant impact flowchart method, which will be supplemented with descriptive elaboration for the data of each significant impact.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Analysis is done not only to significant impacts, but also to insignificant ones, that will be included in the Chapter on Estimation of Impacts. Result checklist method is done by making a list of activity components to be implemented and potential to create significant impacts and environmental components estimated to be imposed by impacts. From here it can be identified that an activity can create one or more impacts to environmental components. Impact flowchart method will illustrate the relation of a primary impact incurring from an activity plan with its secondary impacts. This will be very much helpful in identifying Guidelines in
environmental management and monitoring plans.
significant impact identification will refer to the Decree of Head of Environmental Impact Management Agency No. 056 Year 1994 regarding Guidelines on Significant Impact Criteria and Government Regulation No. 27 Year 1999 regarding Environmental Impact Assessment, namely: total number of people imposed by the impact, total area of impact dispersion, impact intensity and duration, total number of other environmental components imposed by the impact, impact cumulative property and impact reversibility / irreversibility. Impact magnitude to environmental component parameters due to project activities is estimated through formal and non-formal methods.
3.3.2
Analysis as Management Basis Holistic analysis to these gas field development and gas piping activities will produce two important information, namely:
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION * Inputs for decision making on environmental feasibility with regard to gas field development and gas piping activities; * Direction of strategy for the formulation of Environmental
Management Plan (RKL) and Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL).
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 4. 4.1 BUSINESS AND OR ACTIVITY PLAN Identity of ANDAL Initiator and Formulator 4.1.1 Initiator Name Address : JOB Pertamina PT Medco E&P Tomori Sulawesi : 18th Floor, Bidakara Tower Jl. Jenderal Gatot Subroto Kav. 71 73, Jakarta 12870 Phone Facsimile E-mail OIC Position : (021) 8379-3102 : (021) 8379-3101 : amdal.senoro@medcoenergi.com : Ir. M. Indra Kusuma : General Manager
4.1.2 ANDAL Formulator Name : Center for Coastal and Ocean Resources, Bogor Instituted of Agriculture (PKSPL IPB) Address : Faculty of Fishery and Maritime Science, IPB Jl. Agathis, IPB Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680 Phone Facsimile : (0251) 624-815, 625-556, 628-137 : (0251) 621-086
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION E-mail OIC Position : pksplipb@indo.net.id : Prof. Dr. Ir. Tridoyo Kusumastanto, MS. : Head of PKSPL IPB
The structure of ANDAL Study Team is presented in Table 4.1 and the curriculum vitae of each ANDAL Study Team member is given in Attachment 3. Table 4.1 ANDAL Study Team Structure
Qualification / Expertise Aquatic Biological Expert AMDAL A and B Air Quality Expert AMDAL A and B Geological Expert Soil and Hydrological Expert Oceanographic and Water Quality Expert
No. Name A. Study Team Leader 1. Dr. Ir. M.F. Rahardjo B. Geophysical Chemical Team Members 1. Dr. Imam Santosa
2. Ir. Singgih Irianto, MSi. 3. Dr. Ir. Kukuh Murtilaksono 4. Dr. Ir. Tri Prartono C. Biological Team Members 1. Ir. Abu Bakar Siddik Harahap, MSi. Terrestrial Biological Expert 2. Dr. Ir. M.F. Rahardjo Aquatic Biota Expert D. Social-Economic-Cultural and Public Health Team Members 1. Ir. Dahyar Muhammad, MM Social-Economic Expert 2. Drs. Dahlan Hasan, MSi. Social-Cultural Expert E. Resources Medco E&P Indonesia F. Assistants 1. Ir. Eko Budiono Terrestrial Biology 2. Khairuzzaman, S.Hut. Terrestrial Biology 3. Roni Fitrianto, S.Pi. Diver 4. Hermanto, Amd. Drafter 5. Firman FA, SE Piping
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 4.2 Objectives of Business and or Activity Plan
The objectives of Senoro gas field development activity located in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province by PT Medco E&P Indonesia are to develop and utilize natural gas reserve found in this area.
4.3
Benefit of and Need for Business and or Activity Plan
The benefit of and need for business and or activity plan are to provide raw material for LNG and ammoniac industries which will be constructed around Kintom Subdistrict. Gas from Senoro field will be transmitted through 24 pipes from CPF in Senoro to sales point in Kintom.
4.4
Description of Activity Implementation 4.4.1 Project Name and Location The activity Name is Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro Kintom Gas Piping; the activity is located in Block Senoro Toili Mining Concession Territory and administratively it is located in Toili, Batui and Kintom Sub-districts, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province (Table 4.2 and Picture 4.1).
Table 4.2
No. 1.
Project Names and Locations

Name Location according to Subdistrict Administrative Territory Toili and Batui
Senoro Field (well, processing station, flow line & supporting facilities)
2. Gas and Condensate Transmission Pipe a. CPF Senoro Kintom Gas Salespoint b. CPF Senoro Condensate Salespoint Source : JOB Pertamina Medco E&P Tomori Sulawesi, 2005
Batui and Kitom Toili
4.4.2 Type of Activity Plan Generally, development activity plan that will be implemented comprises: Construction of central processing facilities (CPF) with a maximum operation capacity of 250 MMSCFD (2 trains), and supporting separation facilities of H2S for gas and condensate and processing, water
concentration
produced
management; Production and gas use details are 230 MMSCFD of gas which meets gas sales specification to be transmitted to buyer in Kintom Sub-district, 10 MMSCFD for own use, and 10,000 BCPD of condensate (side product) for sales through shipping; Conducting re-entry to 3 exploration wells, namely wells Senoro #1, Senoro #2, and Senoro #3, undertaking appraisal drilling of well Senoro #4 and development drilling of wells Senoro #5 to Senoro #9, which will become 5 clusters;
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Construction of 5 cluster stations, including installation of flow line manifold and trunk line with diameter of 8 from cluster station to CPF at Senoro #2; Installation of 24 gas pipes from CPF to Kintom for as long as 40 km; currently gas supply is planned for PT Panca Amara Utama Ammonia in Uso Village and PT Maleo Energi Utama and Mini LNG Ltd. LNG in Kintom Sub-district; Installation of condensate pipe with a diameter of 8 from Senoro CPF to the jetty for as long as 3 km and the construction of reservoir facility (tank) of 2 x 60,000 bbls condensate. The
condensate will be shipped to the buyer outside Central Sulawesi area; Construction of special port for the shipping of condensate; Installation of gas metering at custody of transfer points; furthermore the gas will be transferred to the buyer. The transfer of condensate to buyer will be done at special jetty metering; Construction of supporting facilities, such as: office, clean water facility, power generator, fire extinguishing facility, and
accommodation infrastructure.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 4.4.2 Period of Activity Development activity is divided into several phases, namely preconstruction, construction, operational and post operational for as long as 21 years (2004 2035). The details are given in Table 4.3. Table 4.3
No. 1 2 3 4
Activity Period
Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2035
Activity Phase Pre-construction Construction Operational Post Operational
4.4.4 Total Area of Project Site Senoro Gas Field development activity requires a total land area of 220 ha, each for project site, production facility and pipeline ROW. The land allocation for each facility is given in Table 4.4. Table 4.4
No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Land Need for Senoro Gas Field Development

Total Area (ha) 25.0 22.8 100.0 3.6 2.0 Land Status Acquired 20 ha, not yet acquired 5 ha Not yet acquired Not yet acquired Not yet acquired Not yet acquired
Allocation 5 clusters of Senoro wells @ 5 ha 8 trunk line Transmission line Condensate pipe Condensate stockpiling facility and shipping jetty facility 6. CPF facility Source: JOB PERTAMINA MEDCO I, 2005
20.0 Acquired 12 ha
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 4.4.4 Production Capacity Gas production operation is planned to reach 240 MMSCFD, with a total condensate of 10,000 BCPD and produced water of around 91 BWPD (Barrels Water per Day) at the beginning of production up to 8,000 BWPD at peak time. Gas composition before the process is given in Table 4.5. Table 4.5
No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
Gas Composition of Senoro Gas Field

Quantity Water saturated 1.80 600 0.87 86.87 4.14 2.07 0.48 0.73 0.42 0.34 0.43 0.47 0.48 0.31 0.20 0.33 100
Gas Composition Unit Hydrogen oxide (H2) BWPD Carbon dioxide (CO2) %-mol Hydrogen sulfide (H2) PPMV Nitrogen %-mol C1 (Methane) %-mol C2 (Ethane) %-mol C3 (Propane) %-mol i-C4 (Iso-Butane) %-mol n-C4 (N-Butane) %-mol i-C5 (Iso-Pentane) %-mol n-C5 (N-Pentane) %-mol C6 (Hexane) %-mol C7 (Heptane) %-mol C8 (Octane) %-mol C9 (Nonanes) %-mol C10 (Decanes) %-mol C11 (Undecanes plus) %-mol Total Source: JOB PERTAMINA MEDCO E&P TOMORI SULAWESI, 2005
4.4.4 Type of Energy and Water Sources Type of main energy source to sustain the operation of production facility is:
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION * Gas fuel for genset, compressor power, and power generator will be taken from production result, for own use, around 10 MMSCFD; * Two units of gas fueled generator, each with a capacity of 400 KVA, one will be used as reserve; * One unit of oil fueled generator, prepared for emergency situation.
Details of water need are given in Table 4.6. Table 4.6

No. A. 1. 2.
Estimation of Water Need

Allocation Water Need Measurement Amount (m3) 420 12,342 11,520 480 342 25 / day
Construction Phase Well drilling and re-entry / wells 20 m3 x 21 days Hydrostatic test * CPF Kintom Gas Pipe (40 km D 24) * CPF Special Port Condensate Pipe (3 km D 8) * Flow line cluster CPF (19 km D 8) B. Operational Phase Source: JOB PERTAMINA MEDCO E&P TOMORI SULAWESI, 2005 Note: D = Diameter
Water source to be used are: * For drilling activity, from Toili and Sinorang Rivers and or their tributaries; * For hydrostatic test of Senoro Kintom pipe, from Sinorang and Kayowa Rivers; for condensate pipe from CPF to jetty, from Sinorang River; * For operational phase, clean water raw material will be taken from Sinorang River or its tributaries.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Water used in hydrostatic test is disposed slowly into the river without any special treatment, because the test does not use any additives.
4.5
Activity Plan Implementation Phases 4.5.1 Pre-Construction Phase Activities to be implemented during the pre-construction phase consist of permitting and land procurement.
4.5.1.1
Permitting Prior to execution of development activities, permitting from authorized parties must be settled. The permitting process is done through the following institutions: * Oil and Gas Executive Agency (BPMIGAS), as a follow up from activity plan outlined under Plan of Development (POD); * Directorate General of Oil and Gas, for technical permit of development activity implementation; * Department of Forestry, for borrow-use permit of production and conservation forest area; * Governments of Central Sulawesi Province and Banggai Regency, related to permits that need to be cleared as
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION regulated under Regional Regulations and / or
Governors / Regents Decree; * Department of Forestry, for borrow-use permit of Bangkiriang Animal Conservation forest area to be used as project site, according to Law No. 41/1999 regarding Forestry, Government Regulation No. 34/2002 regarding Forest Management and Formulation of Management, Utilization and Use Plans of Forest Area, and Decree of Forestry Minister No. 55/Kpts-II/1994 in conjunction with No. 41/Kpts-II/1996 regarding Amendment to Article 16, in conjunction with No. 614/Kpts-II/1997 regarding Amendment to Articles 8 and 18 of the Decree of Forestry Minister No. 55/Kpts-II/1994 regarding Guidelines for Borrow-Use of Forest Area; * PT Kurnia Luwuk Sejati, for coordination of land use and stand compensation in plantation work area which will be imposed by project site. 4.5.1.2 Land and Crops Acquisition Land needed for development plan site will be obtained through land and crops acquisition. Attempts will be taken so that activity plan development will not pass settlement area. Land acquisition and crops compensation processes will refer to applicable regional regulations or local market
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION prices. Agreement will be attained through amicable
discussions, while payment will be made directly to each entitled land / crops owner.
4.5.2 Construction Phase 4.5.2.1 Equipment / Material Mobilization and Demobilization Mobilization of equipment / materials for gas field
development will use sea and land transportation services to activity plan site. Sea transportation service will use barge tugged by tug boat, while land transportation will use heavy vehicles, such as low bed trailer, truck, forklift, crane, etc. Transportation load during on-ground mobilization /
demobilization implementation will be made according to existing road class. If transporting vehicles pass by road
with lower classes, improvement will be done by fixing or hardening the road. In case urgently needed, construction of new road suitable with the class will be taken into consideration.
4.5.2.2
Land Clearing and Preparation Land clearing and preparation activities consist of:
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION * Tree and shrub cutting and clearing in project site plan are done only in total area according to land need and allocation; * Leveling and stockpiling will be done for maturation of land to be used for facility construction site (Table 4.4). Stockpiling materials will not be imported from other areas, but will use materials produced by leveling of undulating areas along pipe ROW through cut and fill. Cut and fill will be done as slightly slope as possible so that no cutting of steep areas will take place excessively; * At ROW cutting through natural drainage and or rivers whose width is 2.0 m, water channels and bridges will be put up to hamper water flow pattern. Water channel and bridge construction sketch is shown in Picture 4.2
4.5.2.3
Construction of Production Facilities Engineering design in the construction plan of the entire production facilities is based on technical considerations and specific local natural conditions, such as: seismic condition, local land condition, environmental condition, land allocation, etc. Area where the production facilities will be constructed is located in seismic zone, so that in designing, this condition
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION will be the main base. With regard to design philosophy, seismic zone is determined, among others, from the following sources and instruments: * Division of seismic zones according to Indonesian National Standard 1726-1998; * Data from USGS (US Geological Survey) and other sources; * Seismographic data in the nearest areas to find out soil acceleration (g) and vibrating period (T) as design property (Banggai); * Weight (Wepicentrum) and height (Hepicentrum) to calculate gaya geser dasar (Vh); * By taking those empiric factors into the design, it is expected that the building / structure will be able to sustain potential seismic force; Practical anticipation taken includes: * To implement piling foundation design appropriate for heavy and tall equipment; * To conduct a more thorough follow up survey to avoid potential to lay structure and pipeline exactly on the active faults;
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION * To undertake a more thorough survey on soil structure condition below the pipeline and foundation using geotechnical survey to prevent potential landslide; * To perform design simulation by using acceleration record (g) and vibrating period (T). By taking all the above aspects into the design, structure failure possibility can be eliminated. Process system and equipment to be constructed at Senoro CPF consist of: * * Construction of 5 slots of flow line inlet manifold; Gas cooler to cool down gas temperature from 250 F to 120 F so that the gas can be processed for CO2 disposal and dehydration; * * Testing separator and production separator; Acid gas cleaning unit, namely by using MDEA (methyl diethanol amine) solvent to reduce CO2 concentration from 38% to < 4% and H2S from 600 ppmv to < 4 ppmv by using LO-CAT Technology; * TEG dehydration unit to reduce water steam
concentration to < 10 lb / MMSCF;
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION * Incinerator system to eliminate H2S concentration contained in CO2-rich flow produced from MDEA unit, before CO2 venting to the atmosphere; * Flare knockout drum and flare stack to burn the gas from emergency pressure or controlled de-pressuring; * Construction of condensate storage facility in CPF area consisting of 2 tanks each with a capacity of 30,000 Bbls; * Supporting facilities to be constructed consist of drainage (sewage) at process plant and surface flow, clean water installation, administration room, communication
infrastructure, fire extinguishing facility, workshop / garage, warehouse and employees accommodation facility; * Utility system which consists of power generator, gas fuel, firewater, and air instrument. Placement of CPF location at the beginning had 2 alternatives, namely: * Alternative #1 CPF is constructed in cluster #2 where the land needed for facility construction is already made available for 13 ha (56% of the total need). The distance of CPF site plan from the settlement area is around 500 meters; in terms of safety, this distance still meets the
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION safety standard. Material needed for backfilling is around 200,000 m3, additional river crossing by transmission line at 3 (three) places. CPF location in cluster #2 is located around the nearest 5 clusters. Location height is 4.57 m from sea level / surface; * Alternative #2 CPF is constructed in cluster #1, land made available is only 1 ha (4% of the total need). The distance of CPF site plan from the nearest settlement area is around 1.5 km. Material needed for backfilling is around 400,000 m3 (2 x the need of alternative #1). Additional river crossing by transmission line is at 5 (five) places. CPF location in cluster #1 is located around the nearest 3 clusters. Location height is 2.43 m from sea level / surface. In the development, alternative #1 has been chosen out of the 2 (two) alternatives, namely CPD is constructed around Senoro cluster #2, by considering land availability, relatively sufficient safe distance from settlement area, location height from sea level / surface, distance from other clusters which is relatively closer.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 4.5.2.4 Piping a. Pipe Design Pipe selection and installation designs will refer to several standards, not only those made by the Government, but also international standards and those standardized by MEPI, namely: 1) Standards from the Government and Directorate General of Oil and Gas: * Department of Mining and Energy regarding Natural Oil and Gas No. 01/P/M/PERTAMB./1980; * Regulation of the Directorate General of Oil and Gas, namely Standard of Oil and Gas Mining (SPM, 1992) 50.54.0 50.54.1; 2) International Standards: * * API 5L Specification for Pipeline; API RP 1102 Steel Pipeline Crossing Railroad and Highways; * API 1104 Welding of Pipeline and Related Facilities;
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION * ASME B31.8 Gas Distribution and
Transportation Piping System; * ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Steel Nickel Alloy and Other Special Alloy; * * DNV RP 0169 Cathodic Protection Design; NACE (National Association Control of of Corrosion External
Engineers)
RP0169
Corrosion on Underground or Submerged Metallic and Other Special Alloy; 3) MEPI Standards: * * * MEP-L-ES 001 Pipeline Construction; MEP-L-ES 002 Pipeline Launcher and Receiver; MEP-L-ES 003 Machine Applied Anti-Corrosion Coating from Buried Pipe; * MEP-L-ES 004 Hand Applied Anti-Corrosion Coating for Buried Pipe; * MEP-L-ES 005 Machine Applied Reinforced Concrete Weight Coating for Steel Pipe; * MEP-L-ES 006 Welding Steel Pipe;
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION * MEP-L-ES 007 Field Pressure Testing of Pipeline; * * MEP-L-ES 008 Long Radius Bend; MEP-L-ES 009 Swho Fabricated Bend;
Pipe design can technically be operated at least for 30 years. For that, various factors have been carefully
considered, starting from pipe design, up to construction and operational, so that target and objective can be well attained and safety factor can be optimized. One of the things that need to be considered is pipe hydraulic calculation. Yet, it will not specifically be analyzed in
ANDAL because it is part of technical assessment. Pipes are connected by welding system undertaken by certified manpower. To guarantee welding quality, X-ray test will be carried out. Furthermore, pipe surface will be cleaned and wrapped by leaving some space for welding connection. After that, pipe will be cleaned and
hydrostatically tested. Pipe securing system towards corrosion rate is done by putting on coalter enamel coating and cathodic protection using anode system. At certain interval, check points are put up to measure cathodic protection system to pipes.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION In corrosion survey, observation to sensitivity, soil resistivity, soil composition and pH are also conducted. Trunk line channel pipes from wells that still distribute Acid gas (gas that still contains corrosive materials H2S) will be made of pipe type with special material which is resistant to corrosion (Acid gas) according to work pressure, corrosion rate and operation life time. b. Pipe Installation Pipe installation refers to the Decree of Mining and Energy Minister No. 300.K/38/M.PE/1997 regarding Work Safety for Oil and Gas Distribution. ROW width for
pipeline is 25 m and for flow line is 20 m, each will be buried as deep as 2 m underground. The hole to bury the pipes is bored using a five trencher tools so that the hole will look like a ditch with a depth of 2 m. The soil from the boring will be put on one side along the line for backfilling. The bottom of the hole will firstly be covered with sand or loose soil (free from hard materials, such as rocks and iron, which can damage pipe wrap). Pipes crossing river will be buried for as deep as 2 m under the surface of river bed so that it will not hamper river flow in case of flood during rain. Meanwhile, pipes
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION which cross the road will be buried through horizontal boring or auger boring method from the holes made on the two sides around the road area border. Installation of pipe which cross big river will be done through an open system, where the boring will be made as slightly slope as possible by using heavy equipment, such as back hoe. In river crossing boring location, a holding net will be installed so that boring soil will not pollute river body. River bed boring materials will include sand and gravels, so that turbidity pollution will only incur within limited distance. Pipeline which crosses irrigation channel made of concrete construction will be installed below the channel bottom, so it will not disturb the irrigation system. In
certain case, where installation must cross irrigation channel, it will firstly be coordinated with the related parties, including farmers who use the water in order to reach agreement on the construction to be installed without any disturbance to the irrigation system. For safety reason, pipes will be provided with concrete casing and casting. Sketch of pipe installation
construction which crosses river and road each is given in Table 4.3.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION b.1 Flow Line Channel and Trunk line 8 Production result from the production wells in each cluster to CPF is distributed through flow line; then the wells are joined through trunk line 8 in cluster manifolding until they get to CPF. Trunk line is
installed at ROW for as wide as 12 meters. For the safety of the surrounding, trunk line lane will be buried underground for as deep as 1 meter. Gas flown from the well to CPF is Acid gas which is corrosive. To avoid corrosion rate, pipe installed in this part will consist of corrosion resistant pipes, namely CRA Clad or Lined Steel Pipe. This type of pipe consists of API pipe spec. 5L on the outside and the inside is coated with corrosion resistant alloy (CRA), namely API pipe spec. 5LD grade LC 262. Trunk line lane from Cluster #3 to CPF will go through the sea at the depth of > 13 meters, based on Decree of Mining and Energy Minister No. 300.K/38/M.PE/1997 regarding Work Safety of Natural Oil and Gas Distribution Pipe, pipe
installation on the ground will be buried at the depth of 2 meters, while installation in the sea will be at the depth of 13 meters; pipe installation will be laid on the sea bed and completed with weighting system
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION so the pipe will not dislocate or move away. After pipe has completely been lain down, pipe will be completed with Sailing Navigation Aid Facility for sailing safety aspect, according to the prevailing laws and regulations. Trunk line lane of cluster Senoro #3 to CPF has 2 (two) alternatives, namely: * Alternative #1, trunk line lane from cluster #3 to CPF for as long as 3.5 km is constructed through sea to avoid disturbance to Bangkiriang Animal Conservation Forest; * Alternative #2, trunk line lane is installed parallel with the existing provincial road, passing through Bangkiriang Animal Conservation. Based on the above condition, alternative #1 (sea) has become the choice (Picture 4.5), despite higher difficulty in installation and higher maintenance and installation cost, it is relatively less troublesome in permitting procedures. Alternative #2 has easier
installation and lower maintenance and cost, but the permitting procedures are quite complicated. .
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION b.2 Gas Channel 24 (Transmission Line) Gas transmission from CPF to Senoro until the sales point in (Tangkiang) Kintom is done through installation of 24 pipe for as long as 40 km. The pipe will be installed at ROW lane for as wide as 25 meters, according to the applicable Oil and Gas regulations. Final point in Tangkiang is determined based on buyers presence. Installation of transmission line from CPF is made into 2 alternatives, namely: * Alternative #1, channel is installed straight to shorten the distance, but areas passed by consist of higher land (hilly) so that technical difficulty level is higher and it must be specifically completed with inspection road; * Alternative #2, in terms of distance, it is relatively longer but the areas passed by will be close to the existing provincial road, so that the installation will be easier and no inspection road construction is needed. (Picture 4.4). From the above 2 (two) alternatives, alternative #1 has been chosen for implementation, by considering that pressure from the activity plan to communitys
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION settlement and social pressure to facilities to be constructed are relatively less (Picture 4.5). b.2 Condensate Channel 8 Senoro Field will produce condensate as by-product up to 10,000 BCPD in maximum gas production condition which will be marketed through shipping so that condensate channel needs to be installed from CPF to shipping location (jetty). Installation of
condensate 8 from processing center to jetty initially had 3 (three) alternatives, namely: * Alternative #1, condensate will directly be
transmitted to Nonong Pantai Village for as long as 15 km; * Alternative #2, condensate will be transmitted to area around cluster #4 whose distance is relatively shorter than from CPF to Senoro #2. Here no land acquisition is needed because the lane can be installed on the sides of trunk line lane from cluster #4 to CPF; * Alternative #3, condensate will be transmitted to the beach near the location of CPF to be constructed around cluster #1.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION In the development, out of the above three options, alternative #3, namely in jetty location whose distance is relatively close to CPF location plan, both Senoro #1 and Senoro #2, in addition that the condition of land to be passed by the condensate channel is relatively in compliance with the
requirements (Picture 4.5). c. Pigging and Hydrostatic Test Pigging is cleaning of dirt / dust in the pipe which could possibly be created during pipe joining. Pigging is done by putting cleaning tool (polyurethane pig) into the pipe which will be pushed by the air from the compressor so that the pig will reach the end of the pipe. Pigging facility consisting of pig, launcher and pig receiver will be installed at the front end and rear end. Pigging is done 2 times, namely during pipe joining at each pipe insulation and after hydrostatic test. Hydrostatic test is done after the entire pipeline installation has been completed, which is divided into several segments. This activity aims to identify pipe
condition (possible leakage and resistance to pressure). Implementation of hydrostatic test is divided into 2 (two) segments, namely the first one between CPF and Bakung Village with water source from Sinorang River; the
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION second segment from Bakung Village to Padang Village with water source from Kayowa River. Meanwhile, water source for condensate pipe from CPF Senoro Special Port will be from Sinorang River (Table 4.6). Based on water balance, for segment 1, water will be taken from Sinorang River whose debit is 2.01 m3/second (173,664 m3/day), while the need is only 4,239 m3 which will be taken within a period of 3 days (gradually). For segment 2, water will be taken from Kayowa River whose debit is 0.375 m3/second (32,400 m3/day), while the need is only 7,065 m3 which will be taken within a period of 3 days (gradually). Water will be pumped into the pipe until it reaches the given pressure. The pressure will be maintained for a certain period of time. The tool used is multistage
hydrostatic test pump with an operating capacity of > 2,000 psi. Observation is done by monitoring the
installed manometer and recording the pressure, and direct inspection along the tested lane. Water medium for pipe hydrostatic test will not be added with additives. After the hydrostatic test has been
completed, water can immediately be slowly disposed back into the water body so that it will not cause drastic increase in water debit and river current.
Duration of
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION water filling and disposal is 4-5 days each. Hydrostatic test for pipeline 24 CPF-Senoro to Kintom for as long as 40 km requires water of 11,520 m3, while hydrostatic test of condensate channel 8 from CPF to jetty facility for as long as 3 km requires water of 96 m3. If filling / disposal process is done within 4 days, filling / disposal debit will be around 3.5 liters/second each. To avoid fire / blast, before gas is flown into the pipe, the pipe will be firstly filled with nitrogen (N2) until the oxygen concentration at the end of the pipe goes down until < 3% (measured using oxygen detector).
4.5.2.5
Construction Workers Implementation of activities during the construction phase will use workers according to the specification (skills) needed in each type of activities. Total number and qualification of workers to be recruited will be according to the type of activities in the construction activity. Worker recruitment
mechanism will be handled directly by the contractor; JOB Pertamina-Medco Tomori Sulawesi will supervise and monitor the recruitment.
4.5.2.6
Well Drilling a. Well Drilling Plan Drilling of development wells is done gradually; the first stage is until year 2008 with total number of drilled wells of 9 wells to meet gas supply of 240 MMSCFD. Other drilling will be done to maintain natural production decrease rate, namely in 2012 three wells will be drilled, in 2019 five wells will be drilled, and in 2021 four wells will be drilled, so the total will be 21 wells. The details can be seen in Table 4.7.
Table 4.7
Cluster Number 1 2 3 4 5
Well Drilling Plan in Senoro Field

Cluster Coordinate East Longitude South Latitude 01 23 16.903 01 23 33.970 01 26 05.322 01 25 09.020 01 22 03.920 Total Number Of Wells 3 4 7 1 6 21 Remarks W #1 has been drilled W #2 has been drilled W #3 has been drilled
122 28 25.144 122 27 01.440 122 24 23.175 122 26 08.270 122 27 37.204 Total Source: JOB PERTAMINA-MEDCO, 2005
The rig used for drilling is land rig whose capacity is according to the planned drilling program. Drilling
equipment has been completed with blow out preventing device, Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), and emergency response plan, shallow gas as regulated
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION under Indonesian National Standard 13.6.910.2002
regarding Safe Ground and Offshore Drilling Operation in Indonesia (National Standardization Agency, 2002). Layout of drilling location is presented in Picture 4.6. b. Preparation of Drilling Operation Before drilling activity using cluster system is undertaken, drilling foundation and its supporting facilities must firstly be prepared. The preparation consists of several
activities, namely: 1) Installation of Drilling Facility Main drilling equipment installed is drilling tower with its supporting facilities, such as activator machine, mud pumps, compressor, provision of bore pipes and casing, drilling tools and other supporting facilities. All drilling tools are carefully assembled according to their orders so that they will be appropriately ready for operation. 2) Preparation of bore mud Obtaining of mud condition which is according to boring operation function and safety will be done through procurement of mud as main material and
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION additional material for mud production. additives consist of, among others: * * * Reactive liquid to increase viscosity and density; Inert liquid; Additives to regulate mud physical and chemical properties; * * Colloids to increase viscosity; Weighting agent to regulate specific gravity. Those
Additives commonly used in the above drilling operation are listed down in Table 4.8. These bore mud additives are added so that mud will have the desired physical and chemical qualities in drilling operation process, such as to stabilize well hole, to balance the pressure in high-pressured formation, to become bore pit and lifting media of bore dust to the surface. Bore mud to be used is water-based mud with chemical additives referring to Regulation of Energy and Mineral Resources Minister No. 045 Year 2006 regarding Management of Bore Mud, Mud Waste and Bore Cuttings in Natural Oil and Gas Drilling Activity.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION The mud is made in mix tank by mixing mud materials and water in certain composition. Table 4.8 Type of Additives to Make Bore Mud
Maximum Concentration (Lb / bbl) 15.0 As needed Maximum SPP Toxicity 96Chemical-Physical Concentration Hr LC 50 (ppm) Qualities & Other Remarks (ppm) 43,000 > 1,000,000 Other name: clay. > 1,000,000 Mineral which is not harmful and has very stable chemical quality. 5,750 800,000 pH regulator. 575 7,200 1,440 1,440 > 1,000,000 pH regulator. > 1,000,000 Bio-degradable, made of potatoes or corn. > 1,000,000 Modified cellulose derivative. > 1,000,000 Used only when needed. 700,000 Used to release squeezed / pinched pipe, used only on squeezed / pinched part. Used if mud loses formation.
Name of Mud Material Bentonite Barite
Potassium Hydroxide KOH Caustic Soda NaOH Starch Drispac XC-Polymer Milspot
2.0 2.0 2.0 0.5 0.5
Coconut husk, mica, etc. Source: JOB PERTAMINA-MEDCO
Type of mud used in production well drilling is the same with the one used in exploration drilling and delineation, namely water-based bore mud, where the mud material used has been completed with MSDS. Total amount of mud provided is made according to the need, which consists of volume of hole, total amount of mud in the basin for reconditioning and circulation and leakage incurring during assemblingdisassembling of the installation and anticipation of losing of circulation into the formation.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION For example, in the implementation of Senoro #4 exploration well drilling, casing program is as follows: * * * * Conductor casing 20 until the depth of 150 feet; Casing 13 3/8 until the depth of 2,000 feet; Casing 9 5/8 until the depth of 5,900 feet; Production casing with diameter of 7 until the final depth (TD) of 8,450 feet Final depth of each development well will be decided during the formulation of drilling program. To contain drilling waste so it will not disperse into the environment, drilling waste pit will be constructed using close circuit system. In the previous exploration drilling in Senoro Field, TCLP and LD50 test results on used mud and bore cuttings show that hazardous and toxic material concentration has not exceeded the quality standard (Attachment 6. TCLP Test Result of Senoro #4). c. Drilling Operation Development wells will be drilling using directional drilling system with Tomori as the formation target so the needs for drilling mud and other tools can be adjusted according to the target depth.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Drilling mud is pumped into the well through stand pipe and drilling string. While drilling is taking place, bore
cuttings will be lifted to the surface through annulus together with bore mud. Mud and cuttings will be flown to shale shaker to screen the carried cuttings, while the mud will be circulated back into the well. Bore waste, which consists of cuttings and bore mud remainder, is channeled into bore waste pit. d. Well Completion Well completion takes place at the end of drilling phase and is done through installation. Production casing (liner) will then be cemented. Interval estimated to contain
hydrocarbon will be isolated using packer. Furthermore, the surface will be fixed with supporting equipment (well head). This phase will be followed with perforating of
casing production using perforation gun. The purpose is so that hydrocarbon from outside the production casing can flow inside. If perforation result does not have
sufficient pressure which can flow hydrocarbon to the surface, stimulation will be done to increase rock permeability.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION e. Bore Cuttings and Used Bore Mud Management Bore cuttings resulted from the drilling will be flown to the surface and filtered through shale shaker which will separate bore cuttings from bore mud. Total amount of bore cuttings resulted from the drilling of one analogue well of Senoro #4 well with Tomori as the formation target is around 145 150 m3. Bore cuttings and used bore mud in the mud pit with a capacity higher than the quantity of the produced waste (Picture 4.7). Mud pit will be constructed through mechanical digging and
compacting; avoiding seepage to the environment is done through coating using HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) sheet. Handling of bore cuttings and used bore mud in this activity will refer to Regulation of Energy and Mineral Resources Minister No. 045 of 2006. f. Drilling Operation Workers Local workers that can be recruited for drilling activity are relatively limited because some work types require special skills and specification as regulated under the Regulation of Energy and Mineral Resources Minister No. 07/P/075/MPE/1991 regarding Certification of Natural Oil and Gas Mining Specific Technical Personnel and
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Management of Geothermal Resources, and Regulation of Oil and Gas Director regarding of General Procedures Drilling No. and
017/P/123/D.DJM/1989 Requirements for
Certification
Specific
Technical Personnel; hence, local workers that can be recruited are only for activities other than the abovementioned provisions. With regard to labor qualifications, workers compulsory to have certificates Standard are regulated under: Indonesian regarding
National
(SNI)
13-6552-2001
Competence of Specific Technical Personnel in Oil and Gas in the Area of Drilling; SNI 13-6562-2001 regarding Competence of Specific Technical Personnel in Oil and Gas in the Area of Safety; and SNI 13-6564-2001 regarding Environmental Management System.
4.5.2.7
Shipping Port Construction Condensate produced by Senoro Field will be sent to the port using 8 pipe channel before further being sent to outside the region using barge. This is due to unavailability of local market. Condensate transportation will be done using 40,000-bbls tanker, with a maximum frequency of once every 3 days
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION during peak production; this is because the capacity of existing tank available at the port is only 2 x 60,000 barrels. Condensate transportation is through inter-island shipping to the port of buyers location or to refinery that can receive condensate product for further process. In the preliminary identification, there are 3 (three) alternatives of jetty site plan, namely: * Alternative #1, jetty site is located in Nonong Village, which has the history of owning a port. One-time
observation result shows that there are coral reefs in that area; * Alternative #2, jetty site is located around cluster #4 where ROW lane to CPF is located so that no new ROW from CPF to the jetty site plan is needed. Further
analysis shows that the area borders with Bangkiriang Animal Conservation; * Alternative #3, jetty site is located around Senoro #1 or Senoro #2 which is considered to be more feasible in case of change in CPF location. Out of the above 3 alternatives, after paying attention to existing development of not only CPF location option, but also other environmental aspects, such as existence of coral
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION reef and Bangkiriang Animal Conservation, alternative #3 has been chosen to be the jetty site around the coordinates of X = 440139 and Y = 9844208 of UTM 51 Zone (Sinorang Pantai Village). Facilities to be constructed consist of jetty and condensate reservoir facility with a capacity of 2 x 60,000 bbls, and other supporting facilities, such as pumping / filling facility, piping facility, metering facility, filling channel, fire extinguishing facility, standby and operation rooms. Condensate custody of transfer to transporting party is located after metering station. container equipment will be During loading process, provided to anticipate
condensate spill that could possibly incur during filling channel opening and closing. Jetty is constructed using 24 steel piling construction, with pile length of 35 m. The total number of piles for the platform is 6 piles. Platform height will be 2.5 m above the average lowest water surface (mLWS). As operational requirement, the jetty will be equipped with trestle, berthing dolphin, mooring dolphin, catwalk, fender, and bolder.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION a. Trestle Trestle will be 50 m long and 6.0 m wide and will be constructed using 24 steel piling construction, with pile length of 35 m. b. Berthing Dolphin 2 (two) berthing dolphins will be constructed, one on each side of the platform (left and right). Berthing dolphin
functions as boat mooring and berthing point. This facility will have dimension of 6.6 x 5.0 m2 and be completed with rubber fender functioning to muffle and protect berthing dolphin from friction with the boat / barge. The pile to be used will have a diameter of 24 with a length of 35 m. The pile will be planted in a depth of 23 m below the bottom surface. Table 4.9 Specifications of Loading Jetty and Operational Jetty
Remarks / Dimension Platform 6.0 x 10.0 m2 Steel pile - 15 meters LWS 6.0 x 38.0 m2 Steel pile 1.0 x 33.8 m2 Steel pile
Specification 1. Type of Jetty * Dimension * Construction 2. Depth 3. Trestle * Dimension * Construction 4. Catwalk * Dimension * Construction
5. Berthing Dolphin * Dimension * Construction * Bolder * Fender 6. Mooring Dolphin * Dimension * Construction * Bolder 7. Rubber Fender 2 units 5.0 x 6.0 m2 Steel pile 2 units, capacity of 60 tons 2 units, Capillepidium type 4 units 3.30 x 3.30 m2 Steel pile 4 units, capacity of 60 tons -
c. Mooring Dolphin 4 (four) units of mooring dolphin will be constructed, two on each side of the platform (left and right). Mooring
dolphin functions to moor the boat / barge (not to berth it). This facility will have dimension of 3.3 x 3.3 m2. The pile to be used will have a diameter of 24 with a length of 35 m. The pile will be planted in a depth of 23 m below the bottom surface. Construction activity of condensate shipping port is divided into 3 (three) phases, namely preparation (pre-construction), construction, and operational (post construction) phases, assuming that all permits and requirements have all been met. Pre-Construction Phase 1. Land acquisition;
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 2. Mobilization of working equipment; 3. Mobilization of working materials and tools. Construction Phase 1. Land maturation; 2. Piling, consists of berthing dolphin and trestle / walkway; 3. Iron frame installation; 4. Grating, walkway (trestle) installation; 5. Fender installation; 6. Construction of two units of condensate reservoir tank of 60,000 bbls; 7. Installation of transfer pump unit; 8. Construction of other facilities, such as genset house, ADO tank, water tank & treatment, porta camp, metering and warehouse, loading line, oil spill response facility such as oil boom, skimmer, absorbent, fire extinguishing installation, drainage, lighting facility, etc. Jetty layout and construction are presented in Pictures 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, and 4.11.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Operational Phase (Post Construction) 1. Labor recruitment activity; 2. Production outcome loading and transportation activities; 3. Port environment maintenance; 4. Emergency response. The land needed for the construction of port and its facilities will be around 4 ha. (Table 2.3).
4.5.3 Operational Phase During the operational phase, there are three main activities, namely: production process, maintenance, and gas and gas transmission. During the operational phase, total number of local workers that can be absorbed is relatively limited, because all activities of production facility operation are conducted through electronic control. Total number of workers required is around 50 people, consisting of 30 skilled workers and 20 unskilled workers.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 4.5.3.1 Production Process * Acid gas removal unit, to absorb CO2 concentration in gas using MDEA (aqueous methyl dithanol amine) solvent whose process takes place in absorber column; * Sulfur recovery plant is a changer unit of hydrogen sulfide in acid gas from amine system into sulfur, so that H2S concentration in gas from 600 ppmv to become 4 ppmv. Total quantity of sulfur produced is around 4.2 tons daily in sale grade quality through LoCat and Sulferox processes; * Chemical substances used are: a. ARI-350 to keep iron ions in the solution so that they will not rupture and precipitate; b. ARI-340 to add iron ions; c. ARI-600 which is used if there are sulfur particles floating on the surface (antifoam); d. ARI-400 to hamper the growth of bacteria in the solution; e. KOH to maintain pH.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION * TEG dehydration and glycol dehydrator units are units used as dew point control so that it will reach 10 lb / MMSCF at the most. * Dew Point Control Unit, is a unit to maintain temperature of hydrocarbon dew to reach maximum 55 F at a pressure of 350 psig. The process is based on JT valve expansion and cooling is done through recompression. Other process is by using propane refrigerating system will also be taken into consideration in the engineering of front end engineering design (FEED) in the next phase. * Gas sales meter (fiscal quality) will be installed to monitor sales gas flow. The installation is before entering gas sales pipe. * Gas custody transfer meter will be installed at Kintom delivery point. This device will measure gas flow to each buyer. * Condensate stabilization unit which consists of flash drum and stabilizer column will be installed to process condensate in separation system and at dew point control unit. The condensate produced will be around maximum 10,000 BCFD. This amount will decrease to 2,000 BCFD after 15-year operation.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION * Two (2) units of condensate storing tank will be constructed at Senoro Gas Plant with a capacity of 2 x 30,000 bbls and in laydown area (Jetty area) with a capacity of 2 x 60,000 bbls. * Produced water as a result of separation process at Waste Water Treatment Installation will be disposed to the nearest beach through pipeline (waste water quality is according to the Decree of Environment Minister No. 42/MENLH/10/1996). * Incineration system will be used under emergency circumstances if sulfur plant is not available. This
process is to remove H2S concentration using heat system, which is still contained in high amount by CO2 flow, produced by MDEA process before CO2 is released into the air. * Flare knock out drum and flare stack to burn gas from extra pressure relieve valve or from pressure control system. * Utility system, which consists of power generator, gas for fuel, fire extinguishing water and wind compressor for instruments.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 4.5.3.2 H2S Removal When gas production reaches maximum 250 MMSCFD, Senoro Field will produce solid sulfur for around 4.2 tons every day. This gas contains CO2 < 2%, but H2S The limit for H2S
concentration of around 600 ppmv.
disposal into the air is 70 ppmv and gas sales requirement is even lower. To meet those requirements, treatment facility to change H2S to solid product through H2S Removal Facility will be constructed (Picture 4.14). Separation process of sulfur concentration in acid gas is done through several methods, such as Solid bed absorption and Chemical solvent. Solid bed absorption is a process that cannot be regenerated and it will produce remaining solid bed absorption which will become waste and must be disposed or replaced periodically, and special handling of solid bed absorption is required. Chemical solvent is a process by using chemical substance, so that not waste will be produced by the operation. Hence, process using this solvent chemical system has become the choice in H2S Removal Process in Senoro Field. Acid gas will have a contact / collision with liquid solution in the scrubber. The solution contains Fe(III)-ions in the form of ligand / chelate compound. Fe-chemical solution will oxidize
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION hydrogen sulfide to form stable sulfur solid. This chemical solution contains Fe(II)-ions and will be oxidized to become Fe(III)-ions by the air flown into the oxidizing / regenerating container. Furthermore, Fe-ligand regenerated solution
concentration will be circulated into the scrubber. This liquid redox process takes place at low pressure. Therefore,
preliminary acid gas holder system, such as amine system, will be installed at the upstream part of Sulfur Removal unit. Amine unit is a process commonly used to remove acid gas (H2S) in gas production operation. To maximize H2S
absorption and to minimize CO2 absorption, process unit to be used in Senoro Field is LO-CAT Process. LO-CAT Process is a low operation cost isotopic method to carry out Clau modification reaction, namely H2S + O2 H2O + S. Reaction takes place in the form of liquid phase using iron chelate as catalyst regent. Chelate regent is an organic
component insulating iron ions in a form like claws forming chemical bond between two or more non-iron atoms and iron atoms. This system is typically operated at medium alkaline pH level to obtain effective H2S absorption to become catalyst solution. The entire LO-CAT system has three
different functions, namely as absorber, oxidizer, and sulfur handling. Absorption by tangent in this design consists of an
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION automatic circulation unit with a spurged absorber. In the absorber ion catalyst will change H2S into sulfur element. When treated gas leaves the absorber, reduced iron catalyst solution with sulfur element enter the oxidizer; afterwards, the catalyst will be regenerated and sulfur will precipitate at the bottom of the cone-shaped oxidizing container. From this container, liquid sulfur will be pumped into the band-shaped filter to produce sulfurcake with sulfur
concentration of 60%; the separated LO-CAT solution will be sent back into the oxidizer. LO-CAT unit in this application is designed to be able to separate more than 99.99% H2S, to leave out around 4 ppmv H2S in the gas / air flow ventilated / released into the air. Management (packaging, storage, utilization and processing) of solid / elemental sulfur as a production result of as much as 4.2 tons / day will be in compliance with the regulations in environmental management, namely Government Regulation No. 18 in conjunction with Government Regulation No. 85 Year 1999. At Gas Processing Plant there will be no separation of gas fraction, there will only be separation of liquid and gas phases. C3 and C4 will be in the form of gas phase in the separation stage, operation temperature will be controlled by DEW unit point, while in delivery maximum temperature will
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION be 90 F (still in the form of gas phase) so that no two-phase flow will incur. CPF is designed to manage the entire wet gas production for up to maximum 250 MMSCFD. To meet this capacity 2 (two) trains will be constructed with a capacity of 125 MMSCFD each. Infrastructure buildings will consist of operation controller, fire extinguisher station, sulfur storing warehouse, administration building, maintenance building, warehouse facility, roads around processing area, and pipeline inspection road.
4.5.3.3
Maintenance Maintenance activity of production facilities is done
periodically whose time depends on the type of each production equipment, such as maintenance of compressor, generator, pump, production well, pipes, and roads. This
maintenance activity aims to clean dirt, repair and / or replacement. a. Tank Maintenance Oil stored in 2 tanks of 60,000 bbls is condensate processed through mechanical separation from gas, so that condensate is included as white product.
This
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION condition allows minimum sedimentation at the tank bottom (sludge) with a relatively rare frequency. The amount of basic sediment is determined through measuring of Basic Sediment and Water BS&W EDA whose samples can be taken by operator and checked with centrifugal device. The amount of BS&W will
determine the time for tank cleaning. Sludge maintenance is decided by characteristics of laboratory analysis result. If the result falls in the criteria of hazardous and toxic materials, tank cleaning work and sludge maintenance will be done by the party authorized by the Environment Ministry. If it does not fall in the
criteria of hazardous and toxic materials, sludge will be maintained as regular waste, stored or destroyed through incineration. Before hazardous and toxic wastes are given to a third party, the company will collect and store the wastes in a certain place or in a certain container. Collecting, storing, labeling, transporting and handing over procedures to a third party are done according to several regulations on Management of Hazardous and Toxic Wastes, such as: * Decree of the Head of Environmental Impact
Management Agency No. 01 / 1995 regarding

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Technical Procedures and Requirements for Storing and Collecting of Hazardous and Toxic Wastes; * Decree of the Head of Environmental Impact
Management Agency No. 02 / 1995 regarding Waste Document; * Decree of the Head of Environmental Impact
Management Agency No. 05 / 1995 regarding Symbols and Label of Hazardous and Toxic Wastes. b. Well and Pipe Maintenance Well maintenance is done on the surface and sub-surface facilities; maintenance of surface facility usually consists of cluster cleaning, maintenance of leaking kerangankerangan, monometer and painting. sub-surface is usually related to Maintenance of production rate.
Disturbance usually happens if there is any scale sediment in blast pipe, blocked formation, etc.
Maintenance of sub-surface equipment usually involves maintenance tower, because blast pipes and other subsurface equipment units must be lifted. Pipe maintenance is done to the condition of disturbed channels, such as leakage, as slide, and external Routine
disturbances,
such
vehicle
traffic.
maintenance that has been done includes inspection of

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION pipe thickness, cathodic prevention condition, re-checking of pipe insulation condition, ROW inspection, and periodic pigging (pipe cleaning). c. Other Maintenance Wastes produced from maintenance and employees activities are divided into industrial and domestic wastes. c.1 Industrial Wastes Industrial wastes which are not included as hazardous and toxic wastes, such as iron bars, wires, used lamps / lights, plastic drums, will be collected in waste basket and placed in a designated location to be utilized or donated. Meanwhile, industrial wastes
which are included as hazardous and toxic wastes or contaminated by hazardous and toxic wastes will be managed according to regulations from Environment Ministry, namely Government Regulation No. 18 in conjunction with Government Regulation No. 85 Year 1999 and Decree of the Head of Environmental Impact Management Agency No. 1 to 5 Years 1999. c.2 Domestic Wastes Domestic wastes consist of (a) black waste processed in a septic tank, (b) grey waste directly disposed into
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION the river after meeting the quality standard (Decree of Environment Minister No. 112 Year 2003 regarding Waste Water Quality Standard for Industry and Domestic), (c) solid waste which can be recycled, reused or disposed into the final disposal site. Black waste is humans waste water disposed into the septic tank, if it will be utilized, it will have to go through certain process. Grey waste is waste water from bathing, hand washing, and kitchen that can be disposed into public channel and can still be used for other purposes, such as plant watering. Waste from bathing washing toileting can be put into the septic tank provided in each activity site. Liquid waste from camp activities will firstly be put in a storing hole, before being flown into the river after passing through waste filter. Solid waste which
cannot easily be burnt will be put together with industrial wastes. Organic solid waste which can
easily be burnt will be disposed into the trash bins provided before being burnt and backfilled with soil.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 4.5.3.4 Gas and Condensate Delivery Gas from Senoro Field will be sent through 24 gas transmission pipes to PT Panca Amara Utama (ammonia industry) in Uso Village and PT Maleo Energi Utama and Mini LNG Ltd. (LNG industries) in Padang Village, Kintom Sub-district. Sales Design Specification to be sent to those industries consists of: * * * * * * * * Senoro Sales Gas Rate Minimum Delivery Pressure Carbon Dioxide Hydrogen Sulfide Water Gross Heating Value Range Condensate Rate Condensate RVP : : : : : : : : 230 MMSCFD 350 psig (at Tangkiang) 5 vol % max. 4 ppmv max. 10 lb / MMSCF max. 950 1250 btu / scf 10,000 BCFD max. 10 psia
When gas transmission operation has fully come into effect, the operation system is completed with SCADA which can monitor and carry out securing action to the entire operation activities, including if any other operation disturbances incur.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION In case of any operation disturbances, SCADA will automatically take follow up actions based on the programs that have been designed. Follow up action can be by directly closing gas flow to a certain location (automatic shutdown valve), turning off alarms, and shutting down equipment units, both partially and entirely, depending on the type of operation disturbances incurring. SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) is a control system integrated into the other control systems, such as Process Control System (PCS), Safety Instrumented System (SIS), and Gas Detection System (GSD), so that SCADA can control the entire operation condition, starting from the upstream (well area, Process Facility area) to downstream along the pipeline up to gas transfer point at consumers. Data recorded in SCADA will be used for follow up actions according to the program or for reporting needs. SCADA System consists of mechanical technical, electrical, logical and satellite and microwave telecommunication systems. SCADA is built based on basic planning flow made by the company by arranging Basic Engineering or Front End Engineering Design (FEED), before the company creates Engineering Procurement Contract (EPC) to make detailed engineering, undertake procurement, and implement
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION construction. Before commissioning, EPC party will prepare Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the operation of the entire SCADA system, according to the operation system, so that the SOP will only be ready after the commissioning. Emergency response is based on Gas Emergency Response Procedure and Organization Practical Codes, especially for high-pressured gas transmission emergency. Alarm system, reporting line procedure, command system in action implementation, and facilities-infrastructure for
incident response will be made available. Gas from production wells after going through manifold inlet will be flown into cooler inlet, before being flown into the separator (gas liquid separation) for separation gas phase from liquid phase (produced condensate and water). Before CO2 as a result of separation from the MDEA unit is released into the atmosphere, H2S concentration in it will be reduced by flowing it into incinerator unit in flare knockout and flare stack units. CO2 concentration varies around 2% by activating a by-pass membrane (2-level membrane system) that can re-use compressing and chemical compound which can effectively be used together to control CO2 concentration, H2S release, and maintain water condensing point within the tolerable limit.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Gas produced from refining (of CO2 and H2S concentration) which has met gas sale standard will be sent through 24 transmission channel to transfer point in Kintom Sub-district. Condensate from temporary storage tank at CPF is sent through 8 pipe to storage tank with a capacity of 2 x 60,000 bbls in the area of special port. Liquid phase is produced water with a capacity ranging from 1,200 BWPD at the beginning of operation to its peak around 8,000 BWPD. Produced water as a result of separation will be flown into Waste Water Treatment Installation for handling of oil concentration and other parameters, so that it will meet the applicable quality standard of disposal waste before being released into the environment.
4.5.3.5
Labor of Production Operational Phase In carrying out various activities during the operational phase, workers with skills suitable for each type of work will be hired. Total number and qualification of workers to be recruited will be made according to the need in operational phase. Labor recruitment mechanism will be handled directly by the contractor and or by JOB Pertamina Medco Tomori Sulawesi.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 4.5.4 Post Operational Phase 4.5.4.1 Well Closure Production wells which are no longer economic will be closed permanently, referring to the Indonesia National Standard 13.6.910.2002 regarding Safe On and Off Shore Drilling Operation in Indonesia (National Standardization Agency, 2002). Cement stopper will be put up according to the
regulations and pressure test will be undertaken. Report of well location abandoning will be reported to the Directorate General of Oil and Gas and related institutions. Further
handling of the ex well site will be done according to the prevailing regulations and by considering spatial plan.
4.5.4.2
Facility Dismantling Post operational handling will depend on the development; if the facility must be dismantled, the dismantling will be to the facilities on and off shore. The entire dismantled equipment will be demobilized to a designated location to be utilized in other operational areas of JOB Pertamina Medco. Before dismantling takes place, consultation and
coordination with the Executive Agency of Oil and Gas and

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION the Directorate General of Oil and Gas have been undertaken. If the regulations do not require dismantling of facilities underground and in the sea, the pipes will be left as they are after cleaning has taken place to ensure that there are no materials polluting the environment. The acquired land will be returned to the Government through the Executive Agency of Oil and Gas and the condition will be returned to its initial function.
4.5.4.3
Chemicals Handling Chemicals which is still unused and still in the package according to the Material Safety Data (MSDS) will be allocated to other oil and gas fields under the management of PT Medco E&P Indonesia. Used chemicals and
hazardous and toxic wastes will be handed over to a third party authorized to carry out hazardous and toxic waste treatment.
4.5.4.4
Workers (Post Operational Phase) Work during this post operational phase will consist of dismantling and rehabilitation and the implementation will be
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION given to the contractor. contractors workers. Existing workers consist of
JOB Pertamina Medco Tomori
Sulawesi acts as the supervisor of the activities.
4.6
Pipe Safety and Emergency Response 4.6.1 Pipe Safety Gas and condensate pipeline is designed in a way to protect pipes and the environment from disaster and pollution. Pipeline going into the sea will be completed with emergency shutdown valve on both sides, in order to isolate pipes in case of leakage. Pipe depressurization, if needed, will be done through flaring system. SOP for underwater pipeline will cover the implementation of routine inspection to identify potential problems that could incur under the sea. Selection of pipeline should, whenever possible, avoid congested settlement areas. Pipe will be completed with insulation, corrosion
prevention and will be buried underground to protect from potential leakage due to damage. Gas flow and pressure are monitored If any leakage signs are
continuously for pipe leakage indication.
detected, operator will immediately implement the assigned SOP according to the type of incurring incident, especially operation and isolation system securing acts.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION For gas pipeline safety, valve station will be put up around the road center, completed with vent flare. For cleaning purpose and other technical operation objectives, the two ends of gas pipeline will be completed with pig launcher and receiver.
4.6.2 Emergency Response Emergency response procedures consist of various emergency situations that could possibly happen, such as: * Leakage of gas and condensate underground and underwater gas pipeline which passes through farming / field area or near the settlement area, underground and close to other public
infrastructure; * * * * * Reckless gas jet; Condensate spill; Fire; Work accident / incident; Civil unrest; etc.
JOB Pertamina Medco has procedures in handling emergency situations to deal with pipe leakage. The procedure, ERP (Emergency Response Plan), contains, among others, procedures in handling pipe
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION leakage, communication network, situation in the field around the pipeline, existence and placement of equipment and materials used to deal with pipe leakage. In addition, it will also be completed with PIM (Pipeline Integrity Management) System containing guidelines and programs to maintain pipeline in its primary and safe condition for operation. Data of pipeline are always updated according to the latest condition. In brief, PIM is an effort to prevent pipe leakage, while ERP is an effort to anticipate pipe leakage. Prevention of emergency is done to CPF facility to protect employees and environment from disaster and pollution. Elements that can cause failure will be identified and appropriate prevention standard in applying applicable standards and codes, in addition to normal operation procedures which will be inserted into that design. CPF Facility in Senoro will be completed with safety system and H2S concentration monitoring system. Protection to unsafe conditions, such as H2S leakage will be done automatically starting from the provision of alarm up to shutting down of the entire production operation activities.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 4.7 Other Activities around the Activity Plan Location Other activities found around the activity plan area are, among others, public plantation in the north side of the provincial road which connects Luwuk and Baturube and their surroundings, in addition to oil and gas mining managed by PT Pertamina. a. Plantation Plantation work area whose most area will be imposed by the plan of Senoro Gas Field development, including its transmission pipeline, is oil palm plantation owned by PT Kirana Luwuk Sejati, which also includes a processing unit. b. Mining Natural oil and gas mining activity consists of exploration activity by PT Pertamina which has undertaken drilling of several wells. In Banggai Regency, there is a gold mine run by the people of Nanganangaun Village in Bunta Sub-district and nickel mine in Siuna Village, Pagimana Sub-district. .
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 5. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE
5.1 Geophysical-Chemical Environmental Component 5.1.1 Climate, Air Quality and Noise 5.1.1.1 Climate Activity site is in an area with medium rainfall where average annual rainfall is 1,165 mm and clear distinction of wet and dry seasons. Wet season lasts from March to July with
rainfall ranging from 116 mm in April to 159 mm in July (Table 5.1). Dry season lasts from September to November with the lowest rainfall is 38 mm in October. August is the transitional month from wet season to dry season and December February are the transitional months from dry season to wet season. According to its location which is around the equator, the temperature is relatively high throughout the year. Average temperature ranges from 25.9 C in July to 28.5 C in November. Minimum temperature ranges from 23.4 C in June and July to 24.7 C in November and February. The highest or maximum temperature ranges from 28.7 C in July and August to 31.4 C in December and January. Relative humidity is relatively high throughout the year because activity location is along the coast of Banggai
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Regency. The lowest relative humidity is 72% in October which coincides with dry season and the highest is 81% in June and July which coincides with wet season. Irradiation duration also correlates with season; the lowest is 51% in June which coincides with wet season and the highest is 85% in October which coincides with dry season. Wind speed ranges from 4.0 knots in December to 6.7 knots in September. From June to October wind blows from the West until the South, from November to May West wind is the most dominant. Table 5.1 Climate Data from Bubung Luwuk Meteorology Station
Source: Notes:
Bubung Luwuk Meteorology Station (average from 1996 to 2005) Unsur Iklim Curah Hujan Suhu Udara Rata-rata Maksimum Kelembaban Nisbi = = = = = = Climate Element Rainfall Temperature Average Maximum Relative Humidity Lama Penyinaran = Kecepatan Angin Bulan Ags Okt Des = = = = = Irradiation Duration Wind Speed Month August October December
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Table 5.2 Frequency (%) of Average Monthly Wind from Bubung Luwuk Airport Climatology Station
Source:
Bubung Luwuk Meteorology Station, 2005 N NE E SE S SW = = = = = = North Northeast East Southeast South Southwest W NW C Arah Bulan Ags = = = = = = West Northwest No Wind Direction Month August
Remarks :
5.1.1.2
Air Quality Air quality in the study location is relatively clean. Measuring result shows that the entire parameters are below the ambient air quality standard, some parameters are even not detected in several locations (Table 5.3). The highest SO2 is recorded at 2.85 g / Nm3 in Tangkiang Village, the quality standard is 365 g / Nm3. Quality standard for NO2 is 150 g / Nm3, the highest measuring result is 6.97 g / Nm3 in Tangkiang Village, which is where pipe end is located. The
highest Hydrocarbon recorded is in Tangkiang Village,

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION namely 2.7 g / Nm3, where the quality standard is 160 g / Nm3. In Nonong Village, which is adjacent to Jetty site plan, the highest value of H2S is 5.80 g / Nm3, where the quality standard is 30.36 g / Nm3. CO is only measured in
Tangkiang Village, namely 375 g / Nm3, whereas the quality standard is 10,000 g / Nm3. Dust and PM10 are also much lower than the ambient air quality standard, the highest dust is 54.4 g / Nm3 in Tangkiang Village, where the quality standard is 230 g / Nm3. The highest PM10 is 28.3 g / Nm3 also in Tangkiang Village with the quality standard of 150 g / Nm3.
5.1.1.3
Noise Noise measuring result shows that noise in all measuring locations is still below noise quality standard for housing and settlement areas, namely 55 dBA. Measuring result
generally ranges from 48 to 52 dBA, except in Tangkiang Village, which is passed by the main road; there noise can reach 66.4 dBA at the time vehicles pass by.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Table 5.3 Measuring Results of Air Quality and Noise
Remarks: 1) - Quality standard for air quality is Government Regulation No. 11 Year 1999 and Decree of Environment Minister No. KEP-50/11/MENLH/1996 specific for H2S;. - Noise quality standard is Decree of Environment Minister No. KEP-48/MENLH/11/1996; 2) HK *) Notes: = Hydrocarbon 3) TTD = Undetectable
Noise when vehicles pass by = = = = = = Measuring Location Geographic Position CPF Location Village Settlement Village Near Jetty Location Location of Gas Pipe End = Housing and Settlement Lokasi Sumur Kualitas Udara Debu Kebisingan Baku Mutu Jam = = = = = = Well Location Air Quality Dust Noise Quality Standard Hour
Lokasi Pengukuran Posisi Geografis Lokasi CPF Pemukiman Desa Desa Dekat Lokasi Jetty
Lokasi Ujung Pipa Gas = Perumahan dan Pemukiman
5.1.2
Topography Topography in the study area is generally flatland which stretches out from the Southwest to the Northeast in the South part of the study are
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION with flat slope (0-3%). The North part of the study area consists of hills and mountains with rather steep slope (15-40%) up to very steep slope (> 40%). If seen from the Southeast to the Northwest, the topography of the study area consists of, consecutively, flatland, hills, and mountains, or from flat, rather steep, and steep. Physiographically, according to Fact and Analysis Report of the Revised Regional Spatial Plan of Banggai Regency, 2003-2013 (Bappeda Pemkab Banggai, 2003), the study area is divided into three, namely: The physiography of the North part of Luwuk Morowali road is hills-mountains which spans from the Southwest up to the Northeast and parallel with the road. The mountains and hills were formed by Tertiary-aged rocks (marine sediment and coral reef), whose condition is folded and broken; below the hills there is alluvial flatland, stretching out up to marine flatland which borders directly with the beach; In several parts, like around the estuaries, such as the estuaries of Bangkiriang and Batui Rivers, the physiography is back swamp.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 5.1.3 Geo-morphological and Geological Components 5.1.3.1 Geo-morphology Regionally, the study area is located on the east arm of Sulawesi, which has a horizontal mountains stretching out from the Southwest to the Northeast, parallel with the horizontal shape of the east arm. Mountains located in the study area, namely Batui Mountains in the Southwest and Balantak Mountains in the Northeast. The study area is located on the altitude of 1 500 m. Based on topographic and geological map analysis, geomorphology of the study area can be categorized into three, namely: * Mountains geo-morphological unit: This geo-
morphological unit is dominantly found in the North part of the study area with slope inclination > 15%, such as Batui and Balantak Mountains, characterized by morphology of mountains with steep relief. The composing rocks are ophiolite and limestone; * Undulating hills geo-morphological unit: This unit is located in the center and some in the South part of the study area, namely slightly slope hills with slope inclination of 5-15%, on the South slope the relief is relatively less slope. The composing rocks are clastic
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION sediment rocks, such as limestone, sandstone, and conglomerate; * Flatland geo-morphological unit: in the East and South parts of the study area, the morphology consists of flatland with flat relief, slope inclination of < 5%, especially along the beach, which is flatland area formed by river and coastal alluvial sediment.
5.1.3.2
Geology a. Rocks The composing rocks at the East arm of Sulawesi Island which is part of Banggai Regency are very old rocks, namely from the Mesozoic age, consisting of ophiolite complex, tertiary sediment rocks, conglomerates, sand and clay, quartery rocks, such as coral reefs and river and coastal alluvial sediment. Based on geological map from P3G Bandung (1994), the structure of geological formation found in Banggai Regency is presented in Picture 5.1, with the following explanation for each formation: * Maluhu formation, consists of batusabak, philite, sekis and sandstone which undertook
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION metamorphosis; these rocks occupy the slopes in Batui Mountains; * * Nambo formation, consists of sandy clay; Nanaka formation, consists of quartz sandstone with coal and conglomerate insertion; * Mafic (Ophiolite) complex, consists of frozen and metamorphic rocks, namely gabro, basalt, serpentinite, phyllite, and sekis; * Matano formation, consists of sediment rocks, namely claystone and limestone; * Salodic formation, consists of sediment rocks, namely limestone and a little bit of sandstone; * Poh formation, consists of clay, limestone, and a little bit of Tertiary-aged sandstone. * Lonsio formation, only found in the North coast of Balantak Mountains, consists of old volcanic sediment rocks; * Bongka formation, consists of conglomerate,
sandstone, silt, claystone, and limestone lenses; * Kintom formation, consists of conglomerate,
sandstone and clay;

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION * Coral limestone formation, lifted coral is quartery-aged coral reef that used to grow on the beach; * Alluvial sediment, the youngest sediment, consists of clay, sandstone, gravel, and pebble which are not yet consolidated; Rocks found in the study area entirely consist of sediment rocks, both Tertiary-aged ones and Quartery-aged ones, with stratigraphic order as follows: * Bongka formation, consists of conglomerate,
sandstone, flakes, claystone, some are tufaceous and clay; * Kintom formation, consists of fine sandstone and clay, in fine size whose widths are 30-150 m; * Quartery Coral Reef formation, consists of coral limestone with clay insertion; * Alluvial sediment is the youngest sediment, formed due to erosion in the river and through sedimentation of older rocks in river flooded flatland and along the beach. Alluvial sediment usually consists of clay,
sandstone, gravel, and pebble which are not yet consolidated. b. Surface Structure
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Based on geological map from P3G (1994) and Medco Exploration Report (2006), the revealed and important geological structure in the study area consists of, among others, fault, fold and joint structure. Fault structure found consists of containment fault, normal fault and horizontal fault. The main fault, namely Toili fault, Batui fault and Pasini fault, are the containment faults. The estimated occurrence is Mid-Miocene. Batui fault, stretching out from the Southwest to the Northeast up to Luwuk, is a containment fault. Toili fault spans from the Southeast to the Southwest, and it moves horizontally. Other important faults are containment fault in Tokala Mountains involving ultramafic and mafic complexes, Tokala Formation and Nanaka Formation. The fault can also be found in the South part of Batui, which is part of Pasini fault and Batui fault. Other faults, in smaller size, are first, second and third level secondary faults. The formation was together with or probably after the main faults. Big and small sized faults are found in ultramafic, mafic and Mesozoic sediment rocks. Block faults incurred during Paleo-
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Pleistocene are the structure which affects the shape of the morphology of the present Batui. The existence of faults in the study area can disturb the existence of pipes, directly or indirectly. Direct affect can happen because tectonically the study is included in active tectonic zone. This is marked by the frequent
incurrence of low-scaled earthquakes, so that rock movement / shift due to active faults can cause damage to pipes passing through active fault zone. Indirect affect of the faults can cause the decreasing supporting capacity of soil and rocks or can weaken a zone which will cause land slide or flattening; this will damage pipes installed above it. Fold structure found in this area is open fold, closed fold and overlapping fold. Open fault has layers with inclination of less than 30, with axis growing Neogen rocks. Closed fault has layers with inclination of 30 and 60 and the axis is undulating up to piercing. In the case of overlapping fault, the layers are almost straight up to upside down, with axis generally strongly undulating and strongly piercing. c. Sub-Surface Structure Tectonically the study location is located between the arms of Central Sulawesi and Banggai Basin, which is
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION part of Banggai-Sula micro plate. Collision of BanggaiSula plate results in ruins and forms factoring fault (sesar anjak) and ophiolite. Block Senoro is part of normal fault and factoring fault along Central Sulawesi Beach. In general, sub-surface geological structure obtained from seismic data is at a depth of more than minus 1,000 m, namely normal fault, horizontal fault which spans from North to South, and factoring fault which spans from Southwest to Northeast. Taking the depth of faults in the study area, namely more than 1,000 m into consideration, the affects to the pipeline will not be significant. However, the affects of those faults can create fracture zones or shear zones, which will reach up to the surface and will have an affect to rock and slope stability, which can eventually disturb or have negative impacts to the pipeline. To ensure the affect of structure and rocks to the pipes which will pas through that area, more thorough geological observation needs to be done,
especially around the area where the pipeline will be placed.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION The factoring fault generally spans along the arm of Central Sulawesi and also in the same direction with the pipeline installation plan, while horizontal fault usually spans from the North to the South, intersecting the pipeline.
5.1.3.3
Tectonic and Seismicity According to earth tectonic data, Indonesia is surrounded by Eurasian Plate, Indian Plate and Pacific Plate, which form 3 (three) island arcs potential to create tectonic earthquakes, namely Indonesian Arc, Australia Continent Boundary, and the Philippine Arc (Picture 5.2). * Indonesian Arc. Length 4,000 km, parallel with the West coast of Sumatera Island, South coast of Java Island, up to along Timor Island. In Sumatera, the depth of epicenters is estimated to be not more than 100 km, while in Java there are many locations of epicenter whose depth is more than 600 km; * Australia Continent Boundary. Following the cut of
Pacific Plate and Indian Plate to the East side of Berau Peninsula up to Papua. This tectonic system is very
active, but the location is very deep so the impact is insignificant;
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION * The Philippine Arc. active. This tectonic boundary is very
Major earthquakes related to this Philippine
boundary (under Mindanao, for example) can cause significant impacts in Indonesian territory. Based on the map of Earthquake Epicenter Zone in Indonesia, the study area is located in active fault earthquake epicenter zone line, namely Sorong horizontal fault zone, Batui upward fault (Picture 5.3). The basement of Sulawesi Island is tectonically included in Eurasian Plate, formed during the Mesozoic Age (Sukendar Asikin, 1989). Sulawesi Island is currently located in the
front tectonic system of Island Arc affected by the collision of India-Australian Plates, the Philippine Plate and Caroline Plate, which produces earthquake epicenters in the forms of active faults, such as Sorong fault and other earthquake epicenter zones (Picture 5.4). Based on the map of areas in Indonesia vulnerable to earthquake disaster, the study area is part of the territory whose earthquake intensity is at the scales of V and VI (Picture 5.5) according to Mercalli Modified Intensity Scale, whose shock impact levels are as follows: * Scale V, felt outside the house, sleeping person will wake up, liquid will look shaking and spill slightly, small and
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION instable house decorating items will shake or fall, open door will close, wall frame will shake; * Scale VI, felt by everyone, many people evacuate the house because they are shocked, walking people are disturbed, windows screech, glassware breaks, small things and books fall from the shelves, small pictures and trees are shaking, church bells ring, weathered wall plaster cracks. Based on earthquake intensity in the study area, the construction of jetty and pipe installation ROW must take into consideration building and pipe installation resistant to earthquakes and dislocation of soil / rocks due to reactivated faults as a result of earthquake activity. Further geological phenomena due to the earthquake include the creation of destruction or fracture zones; the movement fractures can affect the pipeline, for example pipes can bend and leak. Other impacts will be the weakening of soil / rock supporting capacity for jetty foundation due to the formation of fractures and destruction; this will lead to disturbance to pipe installation plan. Based on information from the community through the interview results, apparently around the projected area for pipeline installation small-scaled earthquake activities in the study area still often incur. While field survey was ongoing,
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION tectonic earthquakes also took place. Earthquake activities which often happen do not create environmental damages to existing infrastructure, such as road, technical irrigation, or office buildings and communitys houses.
5.1.3.4
Geology along the Pipeline a. Geomorphology Geomorphology is illustration of morphology, rocks and the morphological formation process itself. In the area projected for pipeline, the geomorphology is identified by placing topographic map and geological map on top each others accompanied with field observation. Gas pipeline is planned to start from Padang Village in Kintom Sub-district, Banggai Regency, until Sinorang Village, based on the existing morphology through several geo-morphological units, namely hill, undulating hill and flat land geo-morphological units. 1) Hill Geo-morphological Unit Hill geo-morphological unit is seen in the North part of pipeline track, namely in Tangkiang and Kalolos Villages, with hilly relief. This geo-morphology is
located on the altitude of 5-44 m above the sea level,

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION with inclination of 15%-30% and land use is dominated by mixed garden / plantation. The rivers there are permanent rivers, namely they flow continuously throughout the year and generally have meander with rather steep riverbank. 2) Undulating Geo-morphological Unit In area with undulating morphology, the geomorphology was formed by sediment rocks, namely sandstone and conglomerate, while in hilly
morphology, it was formed by limestone. This geomorphology is located on the altitude of 10-26 m with slope angle ranging from 5% to 15%. Administratively, areas included in undulating geo-morphology are Kalolos, Uso, Lamo Tangkiang, Batui, Balantak, Kayowa, Bangkiriang and Maseng Villages. The rivers there are permanent rivers, namely they flow continuously throughout the year and generally have meander with slightly slope riverbank. Land use consists of mixed garden / plantation, coconut plantation and oil palm plantation.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 3) Flat Land Geo-morphological Unit Area with flat morphology is usually coastal flat land formed by coastal alluvial rocks, namely clay and fine sand, with relatively thick soil up to 3 m. Land use consists of settlement area, rice filed, coconut plantation, and mixed garden. This geo-morphology is on the altitude of 1-10 m with flat land relief and slope angle around < 5%. Administratively, areas
included in undulating geo-morphology are villages along the coast passed by pipeline plan, such as Padang, Uso, Lamo Tangkiang, Batui, Balantak, Sinorang, and Mulyoharjo. The rivers there are
permanent rivers, namely they flow continuously throughout the year and generally have meander with slightly slope riverbank. Land use consists of mixed garden / plantation, coconut plantation, and rice field. In this morphology the condition of groundwater is at the depths of 1.5 3 meters with small debit, i.e. 2 l / sec. b. Rocks Composing rocks along the pipeline are sediment rocks, namely crystalline limestone and coral limestone, coarse sandstone, conglomerate, breccia, and river and beach alluvial sediment.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 1) Limestone Unit Limestone unit is found in Kalokos, Uso and Tangkiang areas, forming a morphology which is rather steep with unlayered compact hard rocks whose lower part is grayish blue, crystalline, very solid thick and compact, and its upper part consists of dark gray coral limestone containing coral, hollow, in the form of hard block and granule. This rock unit generally forms hills with rather steep to steep relief. Land use consists of plantation and
mixed garden / plantation. No geological structure is found that can decrease rock supporting capacity or create geological disasters, such as soil movement. Geological disturbances to the pipeline possible to happen are rock slide and fall from coral limestone block caused by topographic factor and rock contact between coral limestone block on the upper part and crystalline limestone below it. 2) Coarse Sandstone Unit Coarse sandstone unit consists of greenish-brownish gray sandstone, solid and rather hard. The granule size is medium to large sand size which is rather round to round in shape and consists of mafic,
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION ultramafic, feldspar and quartz rock fragments, with hidden sorting (pemilahan puruk). Generally it has good layers with layer thickness 20 75 cm. In
several places shale is found in brownish grayish yellow color and solid, rather soft to rather thick hard form with 5 10 cm layer. This rock unit generally forms hills with weak undulating relief. Geological structure indication is also found which characterizes horizontal fault, but since the rocks are solid sand and conglomerate, no fracture zone has been found, which can reduce rock supporting capacity or cause soil movement which can disturb the pipes. Disturbance potential is only topographic factor, namely undulating hills. 3) Conglomerate with Tufaceous Sandstone Unit Conglomerate is blackish gray, solid and hard, with 340 cm fragment, rather round to round in shape and consists of ultramafic and mafic, hiddenly sorted with layer thickness of 20 cm 2 m. Tufaceous is
brownish yellow, rather solid to solid, rather hard to hard, with good layer of 20 150 cm.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION This rock unit generally forms hills with weak undulating relief. No geological structure is found that can decrease rock supporting capacity or create geological disasters, such as soil movement.
Geological disturbances to the pipeline possible to happen are rock slide and fall caused by topographic factor and rock contact between conglomerate on the decayed upper part and tufaceous sandstone. 4) Sandy Clay Unit Sandy clay is light gray dark gray, solid fine granulous, locally layered, with layer thickness of 30 150 cm. Sandstone is blackish gray, solid and hard with fine granulous on the lower part and coarse granulous on the upper part. No geological structure is found that can decrease rock supporting capacity or create geological disasters, such as soil movement. 5) Rocks Composing rocks along the pipeline are sediment rocks, consisting of crystalline limestone and coral limestone, coarse sandstone, conglomerate, breccia, and river and coastal alluvial sediment.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 6) Alluvial Alluvial sediment along the pipeline consists of mud, sand and gravel, consists of river, swamp and coastal sediment; this unit has quite vast dispersion and relatively long part passed by the pipeline. This
alluvial sediment morphology consists of flat land with common land use for rice field, coconut plantation and settlement area. c. Geological Structure Not many geological structure indications are found along the pipeline plan for all alternatives. Structure indications available are dragging of faults and fault mirror in coarse sandstone unit on Kayowa River bank, at coordinates of S 01 27 332 and E 122 19 974. The fault zone does not create or does not indicate that it will create destruction zones. In-situ observation along the pipeline plan does not find any indications of geological structure impacts to the environment, such as no sinking zone, no destruction zone, no steep escarpment (gawir-gawir), or slide. Environmental damages due to fault are usually indicated by the many damaged / sunk or flattened roads and other broken facilities, such as technical irrigation building
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION intersecting the fault general direction. This is not seen along the pipeline plan, while along the pipeline there are many intersected technical irrigation channels and in good condition. This indicates that the geological
structure existing along the pipeline plan which does not significantly impact the existing buildings. In addition to slide fault structure, fold structure is also found, namely homocline fold with inclination direction of N 30 E 10, inclining to the Southeast direction. d. Geological Hazard : Soil Movement Resistance level to soil movement of an area is determined by soil and rock physical quality, inclination angle, geological structure and vegetation; these factors determine the classification of resistance level to soil movement of the study area, namely as follows: 1) Very Low Soil Vibration Resistance Zone Is an area with very low resistance level to be impacted by soil movement. In this zone very rare or almost no soil movement, either old or new, is found, unless in the area around the riverbanks. Flatland area with slope inclination 0-5% and the slope is not formed by soil movement material pile,
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION backfilling material or clay with expanding property. This unit is generally formed by alluvium, coastal sediment, sandy clay, and sandstone. Areas included in this very low soil resistance zone consist of: * Small part of Padang Batui Villages pipeline plan track, such as in Padang Village, small part of Uso and Lamo-Lamo Villages; * Small part of North alternative of Batui Gori-Gori lane track, such as Balantak, rice fields in Kayowa; * The entire South alternative of Batui Balantak lane track, which is the area for rice field and coconut plantation; * Some parts of Bangkiriang flow line track, such as Senoro 1, 2, 3 and 5 and Mulyaharjo. 2) Low Soil Movement Resistance Zone Is an area with low resistance level to be impacted by soil movement. In this zone rare soil movement takes place and if any soil movement incurs, the slope will be stable again. Very small soil movement could
possibly happen, especially in river banks and river valleys (gullies).

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Is an area with slightly slope area with inclination of 515% where soil movement incurrence depends on slope forming soil / rock technical condition. Area with slope up to 15% is generally formed by compact rocks, such as coarse sandstone, conglomerate with thin mustiness soil layer, and vegetation, such as plantation, mixed garden, and relatively dense soil covering vegetation. The slope is generally formed by breccia, tufaceous, tufaceous sandstone, conglomerate sandstone
tufaceous breccia, and sandy limestone mustiness. Areas included in this low soil movement resistance zone are: * Small part of Padang Batui Villages pipeline plan track, such as in Padang Village, small part of Uso, Lamo-Lamo, Batui, Buyangge, Tangkiang, and Kalolos Villages; * Small part of North alternative of Batui Gori-Gori lane track, such as Bakung, Kayowa, Maseng, Balantak, and Gori-gori; * Some parts of flow line track, especially the one passes by Bangkiriang Animal Conservation..
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 3) Medium Soil Movement Resistance Zone Is an area with medium resistance level to be impacted by soil movement. In this soil movement with small and medium dimensions could take place, especially in areas border with river valley, rock transition and road side. Soil movement can be
triggered by rainfall with high intensity and within a long period, strong erosion, and change / disturbance to slope stability due to humans activities. Medium soil movement resistance zone is generally areas with medium relief with slope inclination of 1530% up to steep, where the covering vegetation is less dense and less soil covering vegetation. The slope is generally formed by weathering of tufaceous conglomerate, limestone, and sandstone. Areas included in this zone are Padang Batui Villages pipeline plan track, especially Tangkiang, and Kalolos Villages.
5.1.3.5
Environmental Geology Based on the morphology as well as the composing rocks and land use, the pipeline plan track is classified into four
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION tracks, namely 1) Padang Batui Villages track; 2) Batui Gori-Gori North track; 3) Batui Balantak South alternative track; and 4) Senoro 3 Bangkiriang Flow Line Track. a. Padang Batui Track North Alternative Trunkline 1) Morphology Hill geo-morphology is found in the North part of pipeline track, namely Padang up to Batui Villages track, which consists of hills with undulating to hilly relief, especially in Tangkiang, Kalolos, and Uso, where the minority part is flatland, namely Padang, Lamo and Uso Villages. This track geo-morphology is located on the altitude of 10-44 m above the sea level, with height difference of > 12 m with inclination of 2% 30%, and land use dominated by mixed garden / plantation. Morphological or topographic relief factor is the hampering factor in that line because such
morphological condition, especially along the pipeline, can become the trigger of geological hazards, such as slide.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 2) Rocks Rock physical and technical qualities in this track do not become a hampering factor because the compact and hard rocks are particularly found in hilly area. Rocks in flatland area formed by alluvial or clay are usually solid, claystone is not indicated for expanding and swelling qualities so the existence of gas pipes will not be impacted. Rock dispersion form,
particularly in coral limestone which can become a hampering factor, is block dispersion. 3) Groundwater The study area is included in the area where groundwater is moderately productive. Groundwater along the pipeline is the water source used by the community to meet their daily water need, namely from dug wells with various depths. In flatland area, groundwater depths vary from 2 m to 3 m, with debit of < 5 liters / second, such as in Padang and Uso Villages. In hilly area, the depth reaches 10 m,
particularly in sandstone unit, such as in Batui Village, while in limestone unit, no wells have been found. There area two aquifer systems in this area, namely: 1) carbonate rock (carstic) aquifer, with splitting media
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION system and 2) sediment rock aquifer, with intergranule spatial flowing media. 4) Geological Hazard Potential of Soil Movement The study area is included in low soil movement resistance zone and medium soil movement
resistance zone.
Geological hazard potentials that
could happen and disturb pipeline plan in this track are rock slide and rock fall, with topographic factor as the trigger, namely rather steep with slope angle up to 30%. Rock technical quality factor can cause soil
movement such as coral limestone block, whose size ranges from 10 cm to 1 m, namely in Kalolos Village. Table 5.4
Slope Angle Village Land Use
Environmental Geological Profile of Padang Batui Villages Track

5 15% Batui Mixed garden / plantation Rather slope river bank, old phase Undulating hills Coarse sandstone, conglomerate Low soil movement resistance zone < 5% Lamo, Uso Coconut plantation, mixed garden, rice field Very slope river bank, old phase Flatland Clay and sandstone 5 15% Uso, Buyangge, Honalu, Lamo Mixed garden and coconut plantation Slope steep river bank, old phase Undulating hills Sandstone, coarse sandstone, and limestone Low soil movement resistance zone 15 30% Tangkiang, Kalolos Mixed garden < 5% Padang Mixed garden
River Morphology Rocks
Slope steep river bank, old phase Hills, rather steep steep relief Coral limestone, sandy limestone Medium soil movement resistance zone
Slope river bank, old phase Flatland Clay and silt, fine sand Very low soil movement resistance zone
Soil Movement Geological Hazard Profile Sketch without Scale
Very low soil movement resistance zone
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION b. North Alternative Trunkline of Batui Balantak Track 1) Morphology The morphology of Batui Balantak track which passes South track alternative is flatland and weak undulating hills, soft relief, whose slope is generally rather slope. This track is generally located on the
altitude of 5 26 m with inclination of 2% - 15%. Dominant land use is rice field and some others are coconut plantation and mixed garden. 2) Rocks Rock physical and technical qualities in this track which is still fresh do not become a hampering factor because the rocks are compact and hard. Rocks in flatland area formed by alluvial or clay are usually solid, claystone is not indicated for expanding and swelling qualities so the existence of gas pipes will not be impacted. Conglomerate sediment rock
weathering on the slope with thick soil can cause soil movement. 3) Groundwater Groundwater along the pipeline is the water source used by the community to meet their daily water need,
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION namely from dug wells with various depths. In flatland area, groundwater depths vary from 2.5 m to 7 m, with debit of < 2 liters / second, such as in Bakung and Maseng Villages. In hilly area, the depth reaches 7 m, particularly in sandstone unit, such as Kayowa Village. 4) Geological Hazard Potential of Soil Movement The study area is included in low soil movement resistance zone. Geological hazard potentials that
could happen and will disturb pipeline plan in this track are rock slide and rock fall, with topographic factor as the trigger, namely rather steep with slope angle of 15-30%. Rock technical quality factor can cause soil movement such as conglomerate
weathering which is in contact with tufaceous sandstone weathering. Table 5.5 Environmental Geological Profile of North Alternative of Batui Balantak Villages Track
Altitude Slope Angle Village Land Use 5 15% Batui Mixed garden, coconut plantation Rather slope rather steep river bank, old phase Depths of 4 7 m, debit of 2 liters / sec. Undulating hills 2 15% Bakung Coconut plantation, mixed garden, rice field Rather slope river bank, old phase Depth of 6 m, debit of 24 liters / sec. Weak undulating hills 13 20 m 2 15% Kayowa Mixed garden, coconut plantation, rice field Rather slope river bank, old phase Depth of 5 m, debit of 2 liters / sec. Undulating hills 2 10% Maseng Mixed garden < 5% Balantak Mixed garden
River
Rather slope steep river bank, old phase Depths of 2.5 3 m Rather slope hills flatland
Very slope river bank, old phase Depth of 2.5 m, debit of 24 liters / sec. Flatland
Groundwater Morphology
Rocks Coarse sandstone, conglomerate Conglomerate and tufaceous sandstone Sandstone, coarse sandstone, and conglomerate sandstone, and limestone Low soil movement resistance zone Coarse sandstone, alluvial clay Clay and silt, fine sand
Low soil movement resistance zone
Low soil movement resistance zone
c. South Alternative Trunkline of Batui Balantak Track 1) Morphology The morphology of south alternative trunkline of BatuiBalantak track is coastal flatland formed by coastal alluvial rocks, namely clay and fine sand, and relatively thick soil, i.e. up to 3 meters. Land use is for settlement area, rice field, coconut plantation, and mixed garden / plantation. In this morphology,
groundwater condition is at the depths of 1.5 to 3 meters and debit of < 5 liters / second. Such
morphology is not a problem for pipeline installation. 2) Rocks Rock physical and technical qualities in this track which is still fresh do not become a hampering factor because the rocks in flatland area which is formed by
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION alluvial and clay, are usually compact. The claystone is not indicated for expanding and swelling qualities so the existence of gas pipes will not be impacted. Sediment rock weathering and thick soil will not cause soil fall. 3) Groundwater Groundwater along the pipeline is the water source used by the community to meet their daily water need, namely from dug wells with various depths. In flatland area, groundwater depths vary from 1.5 m to 3 m, with debit of < 5 liters / second, such as in Maseng, Bakung and Batui Villages. 4) Geological Hazard Potential of Soil Movement The study area is included in very low soil movement resistance zone with no geological hazard potential to happen which will disturb the pipeline in this track. Table 5.6 Environmental Geological Profile of South Alternative of Batui Balantak Villages Track
Slope Angle Villages Land Use River Groundwater Morphology Rocks Soil Movement Geological Hazard 2 15 % Batui, Kayowa, Maseng and Balantak Coconut plantation, mixed garden, and rice field Rather slope river bank Depths of 1.5 3m and debit of < 5 liters / second Flatland River and coastal alluvial, namely clay and silt Very low soil movement resistance zone
Profile Sketch without Scale
c. Land Line Alternative Flow Line of Bangkiriang Track 1) Morphology The morphology of this area is hills with weak undulating relief, and some parts are flatland. The
morphology of flow line which passes through Bangkiriang area is generally undulating relief. This area is located on the altitude of 2-6 m and inclination of 5-15%. Undulating morphology or topographic relief is a hampering factor in this area, because such condition will become the trigger of the incurrence of geological hazards, such as slide. Flatland area will not become a problem for pipeline installation. 2) Rocks Rock physical and technical qualities in this track which is still fresh do not become a hampering factor because the rocks are solid and hard. In flatland
formed by alluvial or clay is generally solid, the claystone is not indicated for expanding and swelling
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION qualities so the existence of gas pipes will not be impacted. Conglomerate sediment rock weathering
on the slope with thick soil will not cause soil movement. 3) Groundwater Groundwater along the pipeline is the water source used by the community to meet their daily water need, namely from dug wells with various depths. In flatland area, groundwater depths vary from 2.5 m to 5 m, with debit of < 5 liters / second, such as in Sinorang, Mulyoharjo, and Gori-gori Villages. 4) Geological Hazard Potential of Soil Movement The study area is included in low soil movement resistance zone. Geological hazard potentials that
could happen and will disturb pipeline plan in this track are land and rock slide, with topographic factor as the trigger, namely rather steep with slope angle of 5-15%. Rock technical quality factor can cause soil movement such as conglomerate weathering which is in contact with tufaceous sandstone weathering.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Table 5.7 Environmental Geological Profile of Senoro-3, Bangkiriang and Senoro-1 Track (Flow Line Track)
Slope Angle Village Land Use < 5% Senoro 3, 4, Mulyoharjo Mixed garden, coconut plantation, rice field Slightly slope rather steep river bank, old phase Depths of 1.5 3 m, debit of < 5 liters / second Undulating hills, flatland Fine sandstone sediment, alluvial, silt and clay Very low soil movement resistance zone 5 15% Bangkiriang, Gori-gori Mixed garden, oil palm plantation, Bangkiriang Animal Conservation Slightly slope rather steep river bank, old phase Depths of 5 m, debit of < 5 liters / second Undulating hills Sandstone, coarse sandstone, and conglomerate sandstone Low soil movement resistance zone < 5% Gori-gori, Senoro-1, 2 Mixed garden, rice field
River Groundwater Morphology Rocks
Very slope river bank, old phase Depths of 1.5 2.5 m, debit of < 5 liters / second Flatland Clay and silt, fine sandstone
5.1.4
Hydrology Groundwater availability is very much dependent on various factors, such as morphology, litology, geological structure, land use, and rainfall. Based on those factors, and according to availability theory, groundwater in the study area can be classified into: * * Groundwater Field for Undulating Hilly Area; Groundwater Field for Flatland Area. Groundwater Field for Undulating Hilly Area This groundwater unit spreads in the most parts of the study area, namely in the Northwest and North parts, stretching
5.1.4.1
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION from the Southwest to the Northeast. By considering the
rock types, namely sediment rocks, such as sandy clay, sandstone (Kintom Formation) and sandstone conglomerate and limestone (Bongka Formation). All those rocks generally have good porosity and permeability so that this area has good groundwater potential. Aquifer typology in this area is sediment rock aquifer typology with aquifer system of inter-granule spatial flowing, namely in clastic sediment rocks, such as sandstone and conglomerate, as well as aquifer system of in-block flowing, especially in carbonate rocks. In medium undulating hilly area, groundwater availability is relatively good, particularly in its basic aquifer, namely in sandstone and conglomerate. The surface depths of
groundwater range from 5 to 10 meters, with relatively big well debit, namely up to 5 liters / second, such as in Batui, Tangkiang and Kayowa areas. Land use in this groundwater field is plantation, mixed garden, and dry farm. 5.1.4.2 Groundwater Field for Flatland Area This groundwater unit spreads along the beach whose direction is from the Southwest to the Northeast.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Aquifer system in this area is included in coastal and delta alluvial sediment aquifer system, whose composing rocks are loose clay, sand, limestone, coral, silt. Coastal aquifer has relatively good groundwater potential. Groundwater in coastal aquifer can become good
groundwater source, particularly in coastal dike or in loose sandstone lenses. Groundwater condition in coastal flatland is highly determined by the geological condition in the upstream area. Groundwater availability in this groundwater field has medium criteria with maximum well debit of 5 liters per second, with groundwater surface depths of 1.5 3 meters. Groundwater availability in hills and mountains in Kintom Sub-district (particularly to the direction of Luwuk) is more difficult to obtain because the composing rocks are coral reef which bad porosity and permeability, so that it is difficult to keep and flow water, particularly shallow groundwater (dug well) used by the community. In dry season, it will be hard to obtain water, either from dug well or from the spring. In flatland area near the beach, shallow groundwater is easy to obtain no taste as shown by wells found in the settlement areas used by the people for their daily needs.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 5.1.5 Soil 5.1.5.1 Distribution of Soil Types According to classification system by Soil Research Center (Puslitanah) (1983), the soil found in the study area consists of Renzina, Litosol, Eutric Cambisol, Eutric Alluvial, Mediterran, and Regosol. Renzina and Litosol can be
found in the hilly and mountainous areas with soil layer / thickness characteristic of very shallow (less than 20 cm) and directly sitting on the (main) rock (Picture 5.9). Eutric cambisol can be seen in area which is more slightly slope or in the foothill up to flatland with characteristics of newly developed soil (horizonization is yet to clearly develop), with medium texture. This type of soil spreads around
Bangkiriang Animal Conservation and the hills in Batui and Gori-gori. This eutric alluvial is dominantly found in valley flatland with soil layers precipitated at different times with fine to rather coarse textures. This type of soil is found spreading in Batui and Toili Sub-districts. Mediterran which spreads in flatland area with gray soil color, heavily clayey texture or very thick when wet (wet season) and slightly cracking when dry (dry season) is also found in Batui Sub-district. Regosol in the study area is only found in Padang Quarter, Tangkiang Villages, and for sure in coastal area, namely in coastal sandbank, such as in Nonong Village.
Picture 5.9 Soil Profile around the Activity Plan Site
5.1.5.2
Soil Chemical Quality and Fertility Soil chemical quality and fertility from several sampling points in the study area are presented in Table 5.8. From the table it can be seen that in general soil in the study area has rather acidic neutral (pH 6.0 7.5) to rather alkaline (pH 7.5 7.9) reaction with cation exchange capacity (CEC) and alkaline concentration (Ca, Mg, K and Na) classified as medium to high. Table 5.8 shows that the phosphor (P) level of soil in the study area is considered very low. This low level of P,
particularly around Tangkiang, is particularly caused by the soil texture, which is included as sandy, where P concentration available in coarse soil is lower than fine soil. Commonly the low level of P in the study area is because the source or reserve of the main material is low. Measured soil pH which is classified as neutral to rather alkaline can cause P available in the soil to undergo fixation by Ca and Mg cations which are generally high.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Measured CEC in the study location is generally medium to high, namely 12.16 to 39.23 meq / 100 gr. This high
concentration of CEC is caused by soil main material mostly found in Batui Sub-district which is formed by sediment rocks, especially coral and limestone, except for soil with sandy texture around Padang Village. Soil CEC usually correlates with Ca-dd concentration, high CEC correlates with high Cadd concentration. Table 5.8 shows the Ca concentration
which is relatively high because most CEC of the soil is also high. For Kalium (K) element, the measured K concentration is analyzed at the laboratory and considered low to medium, namely from 0.2 to 0.3 meq / 100 gr of soil. This low to medium K concentration happens because soil in the study area is soil with advance to not advance weathering level so that some materials which become the main sources of K are low to medium. Mg element measured in the soil of the
study is classified as medium to very high, clearly because the main soil composing materials are alkaline. This is also supported by the high concentration of Ca and the high because the weathering of main materials is not yet advance. Observation result to C and N elements shows that the larger part of the soil in the study area has low C/N ratio value (< 10). Soil C/N value gives an illustration on how easy an
organic material will be weathered, maturity level of an organic material and demobilization of soil N. Low C/N value
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION is an indication that existing organic material has undergone advance weathering. Table 5.8 Laboratory Analysis Result on Soil Chemical Quality
Notes:
Kode Lapangan Titik Nama Lokasi Ds (Desa) Kp (Kampung) Seberang PT KLS
= = = = = =
Field Code Point Location Name Village Quarter
Dalam Pasir Debu Liat
= = = =
Depth Sand Dust Clay
Across / opposite PT KLS
Nitrogen (N) in the soil is made available through N mineralization process from organic materials and their immobilization, fixation of N from the air by microorganisms, through rain and other forms of precipitation and fertilizing. Quantity of N in soil is a result of balance among various factors, such as organic material volume, climate and type of vegetation, topography, soil chemical and physical qualities, humans activities and time. Organic material concentration in the study area is classified as very low to low so that the total N concentration of soil is also classified as low.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Measured N concentration in the study area is classified as very low to low because the balance among the factors influencing N quantity in the soil does not allow for N to be available in big quantity. Based on the above information and looking at the litologic properties, it can be concluded that naturally fertility potential of soil in the study area is classified as medium to high.
5.1.5.3
Soil Physical Quality The result of laboratory analysis on soil physical quality is presented in Table 5.9. The result of soil sample texture measuring shows that the larger part of soil in the study area has larger percentage of dust than sand and clay, except for soil around Padang Quarter, Tangkiang Village, whose texture is sand. The comparison of mineral fraction of soil composing materials shows that in general, soil in the study area has dusty clayey texture class. The result of available water measuring shows that soil in the study location has available water quantity from low to medium, where medium available water quantity is more dominant than the low one. The result of drainage pore measuring shows that generally drainage pore of soil in the study area is classified as low to medium.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION The outcome of soil volume weight measuring shows that soil in the study has volume weight of more than 1.00 gr / cc, some with volume weight of 1.41 gr / cc can also be found, because the soil is dominantly composed of non-organic mineral materials. More quantity of organic material will give lower volume weight; on the contrary to the soil in the study area whose organic material concentration is classified as low (please refer to Table 5.8 on Laboratory Analysis Result on Soil Chemical Quality). This volume weight value will
influence total quantity of measured available water. Higher volume weight will lead to lower total quantity of available water. Table 5.9 Analysis Result on Soil Physical Quality (Depths of 0 20 cm)
Notes:
Lokasi Kadar Air Air Tersedia Ds (Desa) Kp (Kampung) Lambat
= = = = = =
Location Water Volume Available Water Village Village Slow
Porositas Pori Drainase Permeabilitas Sangat Cepat Cepat Cm / jam
= = = = = =
Porosity Drainage Pore Permeability Very Fast Fast Cm / hour
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 5.1.6 Erosion Based on in-situ observation during a survey conducted in February 2006, soil erosion in slope area in the study area has not or not yet shown worrying level or classified as high as it still has vegetation which is relatively dense, either in the form of mixed garden or shrubs. Erosion in the form of rill erosion or even gully erosion is not found, except in the area which is being dug in the hill side. Meanwhile, soil found in flat to slightly slope topography which is used for agricultural land, both irrigated rice field and cacao plantation, does not show any serious erosion signs, especially if looked from river water turbidity level as an indication. Based on the results of laboratory analyses on soil samples taken during a survey in February 2006 (Tables 5.8 and 5.9) and calculation of rain erosivity (Table 5.10), and by using Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), the magnitude of erosion in the slope area in the study area can be predicted. Table 5.11 presents erosion prediction in the designated area with the lowest to the highest interval value probability of parameters affecting soil erosion. The above erosion
prediction and erosion incurrence documented during field survey show that the erosion value is classified as low (4.8 tons / ha / year) to very high (301.9 tons / ha / year) which is far above the tolerable erosion value or Tolerable Soil Loss (TSL), namely around 10 40 tons / ha / year.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Table 5.10 Calculation of Rain Erosivity Index in the Study Area
Notes:
Annual average rain erosivity index = 805 Bulan Agustus = = Month August Maret Erosivitas Hujan = = March Rain Erosivity
In the Table erosion prediction index higher than TSL value happens in steep slope area (> 40%) and slope length of more than 100 m. However, that erosion prediction is not an absolute but indicative value, because the formula used has various assumptions and restraints, such as medium texture and slope that is not long. In addition, as elaborated in the previous paragraph, in-situ observation during a survey in February 2006 shows that soil erosion has not indicated any serious signs.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Table 5.11 Calculation of Erosion Prediction in Slope Area in the Study Area
Notes:
CP K LS A
= = = =
Vegetation factor (land use) and conservation action Soil erodibility factor Slope length and total area factor Soil erosion size (ton / ha / year) = = = = 10 40 tons / ha / year Land Use Reed Grassy Shrub Belukar Utuh Kebun Campuran = = Whole Shrub Mixed Garden
Tolerable erosion Penggunaan Lahan Alang-alang Belukar Berumput
5.1.7
Drainage System, Irrigation and Debit Natural drainage system from the rivers flowing in the study area partially always has water throughout the time even though the water debit fluctuates in wet and dry seasons. Such river drainage system is generally dendritic or bird feather with not so many tributaries. River water in Batui Sub-district is generally clear, but river water in Toili Subdistrict area is turbid. Difference in water color is caused by different geological formation which forms different soil type and has different soil sensitivity to erosion.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION In the study area, in Batui and Toil Sub-districts, very vast rice fields are found with technical irrigation infrastructure and facilities to village / simple irrigation system. Technical irrigation channel comes from
Bakung Dam (in Bakung River) and Sinorang Dam (in Sinorang River). These two dams form primary, secondary and tertiary channels, with dividing dams completed with gates. Sinorang Dam has potential
capacity to water rice field area of 3,587 hectares so that the operational matter has become the authority of central government (Jakarta), while the operation and maintenance of Bakung Dam which has potential capacity to water rice field area of 1,200 hectares has become the authority of the Province. The condition of irrigation
channel infrastructure of these two dams is presented in Table 5.12, while one-time debit measuring at several points in the irrigation channel in the study area is presented in Table 5.13. Table 5.12 Calculation of Erosion Prediction in Slope Area in the Study Area
Dam Sinorang 3,587 1,780 48,447 2 57 61 120 6 26 6 Bakung 1,200 660 13,873 1 16 48 65 14 50 10,081 1,500
Description of Irrigation Infrastructure Total area of potential irrigation (ha) Total area of functional irrigation (ha) Length of main channel (km) Buildings (unit): * collection * regulating * supplementary * supplementary at carrying Channel * total Water gate protector (unit) Water gate (unit) Inspection road (km) Disposal channel (km) Source: Office of Irrigation, Banggai Regency
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Table 5.13 One-Time Debit of Several Technical Irrigation Channels in the Study Area
No. Measuring Location 1. Primary channel of Bakung dam 2. Secondary channel of left Bakung Dam 3. Tertiary channel near Senoro #2, Central Sinorang Village 4. Secondary channel of right Bakung Dam 5. Tertiary channel of Bakung Village 6. Tertiary channel of Pasibololi Village to Senoro #1 7. Quartery channel of Pasibololi Village to Senoro #1 8. Tertiary channel in Gori-gori Village Source: In-situ Measuring (2006) Debit (m3 / second) 1.230 0.495 0.059 1.186 0.042 0.496 0.195 1.055
In the study area there are several big rivers flowing throughout the year, consecutively from the Northeast to the Southwest, namely Tangkiang, Kauyo Omalu, Uso, Lamo, Batui, Bakung, Kayowa / Matindok, Sinorang, and Toili Rivers; these rivers flow from the Northwest to their estuary in the Southeast. In addition to those big rivers, there are also small rivers which are the tributaries of big rivers or individual rivers having their estuary directly to the sea, such as Lamo, Uso and Bangkiriang Rivers. Very few
permanent swamps are found, except for back swamp in Bangkiriang Animal Conservation. The map showing the position of those rivers can be seen in the map of sampling points. Based on in-situ
measuring during a survey in February 2006, one-time debit of the main rivers in the study area is presented in Table 5.14. This one-time debit is not an average debit of the rivers, but only indicative value to compare the debit of each river.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Table 5.13 One-Time Debit of Main Rivers in the Study Area
Debit (m3 / second) 0.421 0.050 Dry 0.050 0.050 0.750 0.700 0.375 2.010 2.035
No. Name of River 1. Tangkiang 2. Kauyo Omolu 3. Musolang 4. Uso 5. Lamo 6. Batui 7. Bakung 8. Kayowa 9. Sinorang 10. Toili Source: In-situ Measuring (2006)
Peak debit prediction using rational formula (q = 0.0028 CiA) is determined with runoff coefficient parameters characterized by covering or land use type (C value), rain intensity of maximum 24 hours in a year (i value), and total area of River Catchment Area or Catchment Area (A value). This peak debit prediction is only applied to River Catchment Area smaller than the main river which will be passed by the pipe and its ROW during the construction. For this purpose, Kauyo Omolu River is taken as a sample case where the total area of its River Catchment Area is 1,237.5 ha, elevation difference between the highest and the lowest points is 500 m, river length from the furthest point is 10 km, maximum rainfall in 24 hours is 109 mm, coefficient of runoff is 0.65; based on the above-mentioned rational formula, the peak debit (q) is 126.9 m3 / second.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 5.1.8 Hydro-Oceanography Banggai Regency has a coastal area which faces the waters of Peleng Strait which is connected to Tolo Bay waters. Gas Field Development and Senoro-Kintom Gas Pipeline Project Plan will use several parts of that coastal area to lay down the transmission pipes along Bangkiriang Beach and to construct the jetty at Nonong Beach. Several hydrooceanographic information related to those activities consists of bathymetry, tides, current and wave. a. Bathymetry The coastal area of Banggai Regency planned to become part of the development project covers Bangkiriang to Nonong areas. The bathymetric condition along the coast generally has depth contour which is parallel with the coastal line. The beach is relatively
slightly slope, which is indicated from the observation result on beach inclination which reaches less than 5 with measuring base as a sample in Bangkiriang Beach has the distance of 500 m from the beach with water depth of 10 16 m, and up to a distance of 1,800 m with water depths of 50 m (Picture 5.10). The basic condition of the waters is generally black sandy which is relatively the same with the condition of its surrounding coastal areas. This area is planned to be an alternative location for the flow line pipes from Senoro 3 to Senoro 2.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Similar condition is also found in the area of Nonong Beach, where the depth reaches 4 m for a distance of 500 m from the beach. The depth decreases drastically with a depth of 8 m followed with decrease up to the sea. The condition of waters is generally also sandy with coral reef, particularly within a distance of 500 m from the coastal line.
Picture 5.10 Cross Profile of Water Depth from Coastal Line of Bangkiriang Animal Conservation to the Sea
Notes: Kedalaman Jarak dari pantai = = Depth Distance from the coast / beach
b. Tides Tides are the daily movement of sea surface which is affected not only by the position of the earths planet (moon) and sun, but also the condition of local and regional waters (open or close waters to the sea). Tides in the waters of the study area are affected by the tidal condition from the Pacific Ocean which enters the strait and
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION sea between Sulawesi and Maluku. This condition will result in tidal type indicating the frequency of water surface changes in a day. Type of tides can be determined by comparing tidal components, such as amplitude of main single tidal component and amplitude of main double tidal component in a Formzahl number. Based on data obtained from the Office of Hydro-Oceanography of the Indonesian Navy (2005) by utilizing several nearest stations, O1, K1, M2, and S2 tidal components were obtained as listed down in Table 5.15. Furthermore, by utilizing the calculation result,
Formzahl numbers at each station were obtained, namely ranging from 0.49 to 0.78. These values are located around 0.25 1.50 which means that tides in the water areas surrounding the above four stations are of mixed tidal type with double domination. Based on the scope of each observation station area, the coastal area in the project site is estimated to have similar tidal type (mixed with double domination). This type of tides generally occurs in the water area of Eastern part of Indonesia (Writky, 1965). Table 5.15 Tidal Component Value and Formzahl Number at Several Observation Stations Closest to the Project Site Area
Observation Station Lembeh Strait Kendari Port Ternate Ambon Tidal Component Value * O1 14 15 19 21 K1 28 30 14 29 M2 36 53 27 47 S2 26 19 22 17 Formzahl Number 0.68 0.62 0.49 0.78
Source: Office of Hydro-Oceanography, Indonesian Navy (2005)
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Based on tidal component data, differences in sea level height can be estimated as given in Table 5.16. Changes in sea level height are estimated to reach 58 cm 202 cm, where highest tides will happen around the new moon. On the contrary, the lowest tides will incur when the moon is on its first quarter and third quarter which is also known as neap tide. Table 5.16 Condition of Sea Level (cm) at Several Observation Stations Closest to the Project Site Area
Sea Level Position Highest Sea Level Flatness High Sea Level Flatness Sea Level Flatness Low Sea Level Flatness Lowest Sea Level Flatness Observation Station * Lembeh Strait 182 140 120 110 58 Kendari Port 202 164 130 96 58 Ternate 179 135 130 125 81 Ambon 194 160 130 100 66
Source: Office of Hydro-Oceanography, Indonesian Navy (2005)
b. Current and Wave Current in a water area can be caused by various factors, such as wind, tides, pressure gradient, coriolis energy. The contribution
portion of each factor to the strength and direction of current is very much influenced by type of waters and geographical condition. Considering that the project site is located in a coastal water area, the tidal current gives significant contribution to the water. The tidal current in the water area of Banggai Regency, according to observation data by Office of Hydro-Oceanography of Indonesian Navy (Capalulu Observation Post) in 2004, the smallest tidal current
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION reached 69 sea miles / hour, while the biggest tidal current reached 94 sea miles / hour. The result of 2-day observation, namely on 9 and 10 February 2006, between 10.00 15.00 Eastern Indonesian Time Zone, along the coast between Bangkiriang and Nonong shows that the current there ranges from 3 to 87 cm / second with direction of 19 351, but the current mostly flows to the North up to Northeast. Current speed to depth relatively varies, but this does not happen to speed which looks relatively the same at each depth layer observed. The observation result is presented in details in Picture 5.11. Wave is the (up and down) movements of sea water surface caused by the wind. When sea level goes high, it is the wave peak and when it goes low, it is the wave valley. Hence, wind power becomes a determinant, not only with regard to wave height, but also frequency of incurrence in one certain time unit. observation, wave height around the beach area was 70 cm. Wind power and direction very much depend on season; hence, wave condition also varies depending on the season. Generally, during east monsoon, wave height reaches 2 meters or even more, compared to the condition during west monsoon which is 1 m. This is related to the coastal area which faces Banda Sea. In addition, wave can also influence by basic configuration and depth of the sea which will also influence the speed and shape of wave reaching the beach.
During
Picture 5.11 Direction and Speed of Wave to Depth based on Survey Result
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 5.1.7 Water Quality 5.1.9.1 River Water Quality In baseline study for river water, there area seven observation locations at five rivers, namely Kayowa, Bakung, Sinorang, Bonebalantak and Batui Rivers. The water quality of the Rivers around the study site plan generally shows good condition, according to observation on physical and chemical parameters. Observation result comprises average, minimum and maximum values for sea surface and sea bottom water quality, each is briefly presented in Table 5.17. Table 5.17 Average, Minimum and Maximum Values from Observation of River Water Quality around the Project Site Plan
River Water Quality Standard (Indonesian Government Regulation No. 32/2001) Satuan Baku Mutu Suhu Kimia Minyak dan Lemak Raksa Seng = = = = = = = Unit Quality Standard Temperature Chemical Oil and Fat Mercury Zinc Rerata Fisika Alami Oksigen Terlarut Tembaga Timbal = = = = = = Av erage Physics Natural Dissolved Oxygen Copper Lead
Notes:
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Temperature observation is done at different times, namely in the morning and in the afternoon; the temperature is only measured on the surface taking into account that river depth in the observation site is less than one meter. Observation result shows that temperature on the surface layer and inside layer does not have any differences, ranging from 27.2 to 30.6 C with average temperature of 29.4 C. The condition of waters is generally clear indicated by suspended solid concentration ranging from 3 to 38 mg / l with average of 3 mg / l. The highest suspended solid
concentration is found in Bakung River at its upstream part from the projected site for transmission pipe track line. This is caused by input of runoff water which contains eroded soil. Increase in suspended solid will increase turbidity and reduce clarity which will further affect photosynthetic process of microorganisms in the river. By taking into account the above indications, basically the water areas around the project site show very good condition for biological activities of river water area. Acid degree (pH) of the river water area is generally slightly alkaline with average of 7.87. This is related to rocky
condition of water environment which contributes to the alkaline condition of the river waters. Natural pH decrease can take place due to respiration influence, on the contrary
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION pH increase can incur due to photosynthetic process. However, this change of pH in the river is still within narrow range, namely 7.87 8.14. This implies that the role of
respiration process of organic materials which can decrease pH in waters is still little. The load of organic materials is usually high in areas with dense settlement and other humans activities. In other words, the environment around the river does not have too many settlement areas or other humans activities. Dissolved oxygen concentration in the river water can come from physical process (diffusion and turbulence) and biological process (photosynthesis). Dissolved oxygen is
very important in river water area because it highly determines water biochemical process which will maintain the level of water quality. Dissolve oxygen concentration in river water is averagely 7.18 mg / l with range of 5.31 8.32 mg / l. The lowest dissolved oxygen level is found in
Bonebalantak River, but the quality of the water area is still good because it is still above the quality standard of water quality (Indonesian Government Regulation No. 32/2001). Organic material concentration in this analysis is shown by COD and BOD values which reflect the oxygen quantity used to reduce organic materials by microorganisms. In other
words, the higher organic material value is, the higher COD
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION and BOD values will be. Organic materials in the waters can be from both natural materials, such as plant remains, and anthropogenic materials, such as domestic waste or humans activities which directly uses river through their activities, e.g. bathing and washing. COD value is generally still relatively good with average of 23.16 mg / l which is still below water quality standard. However, there are several rivers whose COD value exceeds the quality standard, such as Sinorang, Bonebalantak and Bakung Rivers. The BOD value is
generally slightly above the quality standard, with average of 4.56 mg / l. The facts that difference in the two COD
parameters is still lower than the quality standard and the BOD value is higher than the quality standard show that there is more gradable organic material than the nongradable one. These gradable organic materials are
estimated to come from domestic activities, considering that several observation posts are still relatively close to villages. However, it seems that this exceeding BOD value can be processed in river irrigation system to keep the good water quality. Sulfide content in water can be from the activities of sulfate reducing bacteria in the water. These bacteria usually
reduces sulfate for decomposing process in anaerobic / anoxic water condition. Therefore, sulfide concentration can be used as an indicator for the decreasing water quality.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Sulfide concentration at observed stations shows very low value namely < 0.001 mg / l for the entire observed water areas. This can be understood because the dissolved
oxygen is highly sufficient in the entire water columns for aquatic biological metabolism activities. The sulfide value
confirms the statement that COD existence and high BOD still supports good/ water quality. High BOD and low
dissolved oxygen concentration will lead to anoxia condition which is usually characterized by high sulfide concentration. The most commonly found inorganic nitrogen concentration in quality water analysis is nitrate and ammonia. Nitrate
compound is a compound formed through ammonia nitrification process; on the contrary, ammonia can be produced by denitrification process where nitrate is reduced to become ammonia. In addition, ammonia in water can
come from metabolism process of aquatic organisms and also decomposing process of organic materials, especially organic nitrogen group. This compound is toxic if the However, in waters,
concentration is relatively high.
ammonia will form balance with ammonium ions which are highly functional as an effective nutrient other than nitrate. At natural pH of almost 91% ammonia will be in the form of ammonium ion. Average concentration of nitrate and
ammonia in river water is 0.085 mg / l with range of 0.055 0.134 mg / l. Based on survey result on nitrite and ammonia
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION parameters, the condition of waters is generally still good because it is still below the quality standard for river water quality (Indonesian Government Regulation No. 32 / 2001). Fenol is also a toxic chemical compound found in the water which is dangerous for the life of organisms. Although this compound can usually be related to the indication of oil component, fenol compound can also be formed naturally, namely from the degradation of lignin component which is a part of a plant (Killops and Killops, 1992). Thus, fenol
compound will be detected in coastal areas affected by forest, swamp and turf areas. Fenol component found in river
waters observed is averagely 0.233 mg / l with range of 0.011 1.030 mg / l. This fenol concentration exceeds the quality standard for river water quality (Indonesian
Government Regulation No. 32 / 2001). It is worth noted that in the surrounding area of the project site there is a forest area, so that it is highly likely that this fenol compound is a part of terrestrial organic material component, including humus which is brought by runoff water to the river. The result of observation to oil and fat concentration generally shows higher values than the quality standard for river water quality (Indonesian Government Regulation No. 32 / 2001). Oil and fat concentration during the entire
observation is still < 0.01 mg / l. Oil and fat can be from land
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION inputs (run off and estuary), particularly in areas with high domestic activities. In this observation location, there are
only a few numbers of settlement area located near the river. This argument confirms the statement in the above paragraph with regard to the relatively high fenol compound which is not anthropogenic. Naturally heavy metals are also natural components of elements found in the water, but usually in very low concentration, namely < 5 ppm, so this element is classified as a trace element. The result of observation on heavy metal relatively varies depending on the type of the heavy metal. Zinc is a heavy metal with relatively high average concentration, i.e. 0.06, with ranges of 0.009 0.217 mg / l. On the other hand, mercury, cadmium, copper and lead are still low and below the quality standard for river water quality (Indonesian Government Regulation No. 32 / 2001). Increase in heavy metals in river waters basically clearly shows the anomaly condition caused by natural rock weathering process and waste disposal process. In project site area, heavy metal concentration is predicted to come from weathering of rock from geological formation (such as Maluhu and Mafic) which composes rock structure in the eastern arm of Sulawesi.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 5.1.9.2 Sea Water Quality In baseline study for sea water quality, there area three observation locations, namely around Bangkiriang, Senorang and Nonong Beaches. Water quality of rivers around the study site plan generally shows good condition according to observation on physic and chemical parameters. The
observation result in the three locations is briefly shown in Table 5.18. The condition of sea water area is generally very good according to temperature and suspended concentration parameters. Range of sea water temperature is 29.9 Similarly,
30.5 C which is observed during the day.
suspended solid concentration ranges from 3 to 12 mg / l and turbidity ranges from 0.39 to 0.79 NTU. These two
parameters are still below the sea water quality standard for marine biota life (Decree of Environment Minister No. 51 / 2004). Turbidity in marine waters generally comes from
riverine materials in addition to organic materials coming from plankton organisms. Part of these materials will
contribute to the suspended material component in water which will affect penetration level of sunlight. Material input from rivers during observation is very little. This can be seen in the previous Table 5.18 that total suspended material concentration in river water is still low.
ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi 65
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Table 5.18 Observation Result of Sea Water Quality around the Project Site
1) Sea Water Quality Standard for Marine Biota (Decree of Environment Minister No. 51 / 2004) Notes: Fisika Kekeruhan Salinitas Minyak dan Lemak Raksa Seng Baku Mutu = = = = = = = Physics Turbidity Salinity Oil and Fat Mercury Zinc Quality Standard Suhu Kimia Oksigen Terlarut Tembaga Timbal Alami Satuan = = = = = = = Temperature Chemistry Dissolved Oxygen Copper Lead Natural Unit
Salinity shows dissolved salt concentration in sea water and the value can vary due to not only fresh water input, such as river water, but also rain process. Observation result on
water salinity value shows a range which can be considered as relatively the same with range of 31 32 . This shows that the condition of coastal water is affected more by the sea condition than by fresh water. This is related to the
geographical condition of beach which faces Banda Sea. Acid level (pH) of sea waters also shows normal condition for alkaline sea water. particularly in In general, sea water pH index waters, whose balance with
66
surface
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION atmosphere is 8.3, is 0.1 (Millero and Sohn, 1992). Decrease in pH can happen due to respiration; on the contrary, increase in pH is possible due to photosynthetic process. However, change in pH in the sea is usually very minor considering that sea water has good buffer capacity. Survey result on pH index in the study area shows a range of 8.00 8.23. Dissolved oxygen is very crucial in the sea because it highly determines water biochemical process which will maintain water quality level. In sea waters, the role of physic process (diffusion and turbulence) due to circulation process of water mass and wave which is the key contributor in addition to biological process (photosynthesis). The observation result shows that dissolved oxygen concentration varies relatively narrow, namely 6.51 7.33 mg / l. The range of measurable oxygen at all observation stations indicates that the quality of waters area is good according to the sea water quality standard for marine biota life (Decree of Environment Minister No. 51 / 2004). BOD index shows that the good condition of sea water quality, namely ranging from 1.18 to 6.00 mg / l or below the sea water quality standard for marine biota life (Decree of Environment Minister No. 51 / 2004). The highest index,
such as in waters surrounding Nonong Beach, is predicted to

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION relate with organic material input from the surrounding settlement areas as the area is in the vicinity of village areas. This good quality is also supported by the low sulfide concentration which is < 0.001 mg / l. This indicates that domination process of aerobically aquatic biological process. This is because sulfide concentration in sea water generally appears due to high load of organic materials. In such
condition the activities of sea water sulfate reducing bacteria will use sulfate as substitute oxidizer. Therefore, the low
sulfide concentration can be used as an indicator of water quality in the areas with good observation result. The lowest detected nitrate concentration in sea water is 0.008 mg / l at Nonong Beach and 0.310 mg / l at Senorang. On the contrary, the lowest detected ammonia concentration is 0.084 mg / l in Bangkiriang and 0.137 mg / l in Nonong. Ammonia concentration is generally still good because it is still below the sea water quality standard for marine biota life (Decree of Environment Minister No. 51 / 2004). Nitrate and ammonia are the most common compounds found in waters area. Nitrate compound is formed through ammonia process while ammonia can be from
nitrification
denitrification process where nitrate is reduced to become ammonia. In addition, ammonia in water can come from
aquatic organism metabolism process and organic material

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION decomposition process, especially of organic nitrogen group. Relatively high concentration of this compound is toxic. However, in waters ammonia will form a balance with ammonium ions which are highly functional as effective nutrient in addition to nitrate. At natural pH almost 91%
ammonia will be in the form of ammonium ion (Millero and Sohn, 1992). Observed fenol component in sea waters shows relatively similar concentration, namely 0.018 mg / l. This fenol
concentration is slightly above the sea water quality standard for marine biota life (Decree of Environment Minister No. 51 / 2004). Fenol is a chemical compound found in sea water which is toxic for organisms. Although this compound can usually be related to the indication of oil component, fenol compound can also be formed naturally, namely from the degradation of lignin component which is a part of a plant (Killops and Killops, 1992). Thus, fenol compound will be detected in coastal areas which are affected by forest areas. It is highly likely that forest and vegetation areas found around the beach is a part of terrestrial organic material components, including humus, which is brought by runoff water to the sea. The result of observation to oil and fat concentration generally shows lower values (< 0.01 mg / l) than the sea
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION water quality standard for marine biota life (Decree of Environment Minister No. 51 / 2004). Oil and fat in the sea can come from land input (run off and river estuary), particularly in areas with high domestic activities and fishermens transportation, especially in coastal area.
However, the impact of such various activities to the project site is still very little. Heavy metals, except for mercury, also have high
concentration. Those metal elements are cadmium, copper, lead and nickel whose concentrations have exceeded the sea water quality standard for marine biota life (Decree of Environment Minister No. 51 / 2004). Naturally, heavy
metals are also natural components of elements found in sea water, but usually in very low concentration, namely < 5 ppm, so this element is classified as a trace element (Millero and Sohn, 1992). Heavy metals in sea water tend to be low at all times due to marine natural phenomenon where dissolved metals will be adsorbed by suspended materials in water column (adsorption process) followed with suspended material sedimentation process. The observation result
shows nickel concentration of 0.420 0.590 mg / l, lead concentration of 0.400 0.460 mg / l, cadmium
concentration of 0.08 0.130 mg / l, and copper concentration of 0.090 0.110 mg / l.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Increase in heavy metals in sea water comes from river water input which has carried some of the results of rock weathering process in the upstream areas. As elaborated in Sub-chapter on Geology, some parts of eastern Sulawesi are composed of several formations predicted to contain metal minerals. These formations are estimated to have exposed and weathered which further will contribute to river water chemical composition that will cumulate in the sea.
5.1.9.3
Well Water Quality In addition to observation on river and sea water qualities, observation has also been conducted on several
communitys wells found around the project site. Selected locations for communitys well observation are around Senoro 2 and Senoro 3 clusters. Details on this parameter and the observation result are shown in Table 5.19. Table 5.19 Observation Result on Well Water Quality around the Project Site
71
1) Clean Water Quality Standard (Decree of Health Minister No. 416 / 1990) Notes: Fisika Kekeruhan Oksigen Terlarut Tembaga Timbal Alami Satuan = = = = = = = Physics Turbidity Dissolved Oxygen Copper Lead Natural Unit Suhu Kimia Kesadahan Total Raksa Seng Baku Mutu = = = = = = Temperature Chemistry Total Betel Lime Mercury Zinc Quality Standard
Based on the above observation result, all measured parameters, both physic and chemical ones, show good values because the values are still below Clean Water Quality Standard (Decree of Health Minister No. 416 / 1990). This can be seen from physic parameters, such as temperature and turbidity whose values are 26.8 27.9 C and 0.20 0.22 NTU, respectively. The value condition
shows that the water quality of the two wells has similarity. Chemical properties of water, such as pH, dissolved oxygen, total betel lime, chloride and nitrate, are still below Clean Water Quality Standard (Decree of Health Minister No. 416 / 1990). Several other chemical parameters which can be
used as indicators of activity impact to water quality of communitys wells include sulfide, TPH and heavy metals. This is very important because these wells are located near
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION activity wells which can contribute the concentration of these three compounds to water wells through seepage process. All these parameters are still below the quality standard for drinking water, so it can be said that the quality of well water is still not contaminated.
5.1.9.4
River Water Sediment Quality Result of observation on sediment in several rivers physically and chemically is presented in Table 5.29 and these data are supported with result of analysis of sediment texture where sand substrate is very dominant, namely reaching the average of 96.44%. On the other hand, clayey soil and clay seems to give minor contribution to such structure, namely, 1.14 and 2.41% consecutively. This is in line with the
condition of the area, which is rocky, along the river being the observation object. Sand domination in the sediment is related with the geological condition of soil around the project site which is inseparable from the surrounding area of Banggai Regency, namely the formations which include Maluhu, Nanaka, Bongka and Kintom, which contain sandstone. Chemical property of the sediment is shown by relatively high concentration of heavy metals, such as mercury, lead,
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION zinc and nickel. This condition is also predicted to be related to the geological condition of the area, particularly in the upstream area with mafic complex (ophiolic). Weathering
process within a long period of time has contributed to the chemical composition of the sediment along the river. Table 5.20 Average, minimum and maximum results of observation on sediment characteristics of rivers around the Project Site Plan
Source: Notes:
2) Canadian Sediment Quality Guideline for he Protection of Aquatic Life Satuan Pasir Lempung Mangan Raksa Seng = = = = = = Unit Sand Clay Manganese Mercury Zinc Rata-rata Lanau Besi Tembaga Timbal Minyak lemak = = = = = = Average Silt Iron Copper Lead Fat Oil
5.1.9.5
Marine Sediment Condition There are three sediment observation locations in sea area around the project site, namely Bangkiriang, Senorang and
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Nonong. Similarly to river area, sea sediment texture is also dominated by sand (Table 5.20). In Bangkiriang and
Senorang areas this sandy beach condition is related to the existence of estuary. Bangkiriang and Senorang Rivers are estimated to become the key contributors to sediment quality, especially with regard to sediment texture. In these two
areas no coral rocks have been found, except in Nonong area where coral rocks are found. Similarly to river sediment, heavy metal concentration also has high concentration. Coastal sediment characteristics are basically closely related to river sediment because some of the river sediment can be carried by river water, particularly when water debit is high during wet season. This can be seen from the proportion of heavy metals which is relatively the same with river sediment and marine sediment. Table 5.20 Average, minimum and maximum results of observation on sediment characteristics of the sea around the Project Site Plan
75
Sources: 1) Chester (1990) 2) Canadian Sediment Quality Guideline for he Protection of Aquatic Life
Notes:
Satuan Pasir Lempung Raksa Seng =
= = = = Zinc
Unit Sand Clay Mercury
Liat Laut Debu Tembaga Timbal Minyak lemak
= = = = =
Marine Clay Dust Copper Lead Fat Oil
5.1.10 Spatial Regional spatial plan of Banggai Regency covers regional spatial structure plan, spatial use pattern plan, and regional facility and infrastructure development plan. Regional spatial structure of Banggai Regency is especially designed by center for service, transportation infrastructure and primary functional activities. Based on its territorial function, regional
development structure of Banggai Regency is conducted according to 3 (three) development areas, namely : 1. South Development Area, functioning as Southern main area, consists of Luwuk, East Luwuk, Kintom, Batui, West Toili and Toili Sub-districts, with Luwuk as the center of South Development Area. 2. North Development Area, functioning as supporting area, consists of Bunta and Pagimana Sub-districts, with Bunta as the center of North Development Area.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 3. East Development Area, functioning as Eastern supporting area, consists of Bualemo, Balantak, Masama and Lamala Sub-districts, with Bualemo as the center of East Development Area. Spatial use pattern of Banggai Regency for 2003 2013 (Picture 5.12) in the outline covers protected area and cultivation area. To attain the objectives of sustainable development in Banggai Regency, the first stage of spatial use planning is to secure the protected area by confirming delineation and management directions. The next stage is to allocate cultivation area for various cultivation activities in accordance with natural resources potential, location position, and land appropriateness with the characteristics of intended activities. The entire total area of protected area and area with protection function is around 46.54% of the total area of land use in Banggai Regency. The pattern of spatial use for cultivation area in Banggai Regency is allocated for: Forest cultivation area, comprising fixed production forest area, conversion forest area, and peoples forest area; Agricultural cultivation area, comprising wet land crops farming area, dry land crops farming area, yearly crops and plantation area, fishery area, and livestock area;
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Non-agricultural cultivation area, comprising oil and gas mining area, industrial area, tourism area, and urban and rural settlement areas. Mining area, as a part of non-agricultural cultivation area, is allocated for natural gas mining activity, C class minerals, and other minerals. Natural gas mining area is allocated in Batui area, while other mining is located in areas with potential minerals. Natural gas mining is an extraction activity which is a part of natural gas processing industry which is planned to have its location in Kintom. For natural gas exploration activity located in Toili and Batui as much as 5 ha of land needs to be acquired. Article 33 of Law No. 22 Year 2001 regarding Oil and Gas emphasizes that oil and gas activity cannot be done in cemetery location, places considered sacred, public facilities and infrastructure, natural preservation, cultural preservation, customary communitys land; field / square and state defense building and the surroundings; historical and state symbol building; building, house or factory and the surroundings, unless authorized / permitted by the government institution and approved by the community or by individual. Regional infrastructure development in Banggai Regency,
especially transportation, is the main priority in order to minimize development gap among the South part of Banggai Regency with the North and East parts. In addition to land transportation, namely road network, sea and air transportation infrastructure also
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION becomes the attention to improve the capacity of distribution and collection of goods, services, and passengers movement.
Development of supporting facilities and infrastructure to strengthen regional economic basis, not only primary and secondary, but also tertiary is also crucial to elevate the economy of Banggai Regency as a whole.
5.2 Biological Environmental Component 5.2.1 Terrestrial Biota 5.2.1.1 Vegetation Observation result shows that the vegetation found in the study area can be classified into three groups, namely low land rain forest vegetation, mangrove forest vegetation, and cultivation vegetation. Low land rain forest vegetation can be seen in Bangkiriang Animal Conservation area. Most of this area is dry land and land that can be flooded at any time. Mangrove forest found in the study area is mostly located along Bangkiriang River and Nonong Beach. According to the ecosystem, distribution of mangrove vegetation is from the coastal line up to the river upstream, with species distribution generally dominated by Rhizophora sp. species.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Cultivation vegetation is the vastest type of vegetation found around the location. This vegetation is communitys
plantation area around the projected location for gas pipeline. The plantation location is mostly found at the back of communitys settlement area. This plantation area varies, from the topographic perspective, starting from flat up to undulating areas. 1) Low Land Rain Forest Vegetation Low land rain forest vegetation is represented by Bangkiriang Animal Conservation forest area. This area in its history is an ex Forest Management Right (Hak Pengusahaan Hutan HPH) area. Analysis result shows that this vegetation is a Nyatoh Penjalinan association, where Nyatoh species is the dominant species (NP = 20.38%) and Penjalinan is the co-dominant one (NP = 19.72%). In this analysis there are 31 species of tree level with diversity index of 3.3. At pole level there are 31 species, with dominant species are Nyatoh-Kenari and Matoa, each with INP index of 36.47% and 26.13%. This diversity index at pole level is 3.18. At seedling level there are 15
species with dominant species are Laban, Matoa and Kolot Kambing. Diversity index at this level is 2.6.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Vegetation analysis conducted on shrubs found 22 shrub species. This vegetation type is the type
dominated by reed species with INP index of 59.74 and diversity index of 2.85. Table 5.22 Vegetation Species Composition and Variation at Tree Level in Bangkiriang Animal Conservation Area
Notes:
NamaLokal
= LocalName
NamaBotani
= BotanicalName
Table 5.23
Vegetation Species Composition and Variation at Pole Level in Bangkiriang Animal Conservation Area
81
Notes:
Nama Lokal
Local Name
Nama Botani
Botanical Name
Table 5.24
Vegetation Species Composition and Variation at Seedling Level in Bangkiriang Animal Conservation Area
Notes:
Nama Lokal
Local Name
Nama Botani
Botanical Name
Table 5.25
Vegetation
(Shrub)
Species
Composition
and
Variation
in
Bangkiriang Animal Conservation Area
82
Notes:
Nama Lokal
Local Name
Nama Botani
Botanical Name
Picture 5.13 Samples of Vegetation in Bangkiriang Animal Conservation Area
2)
Mangrove Vegetation Result of analysis on mangrove vegetation which has been done at Nonong Beach shows that there are 5 species of mangrove vegetation in the mangrove forest. The dominant one is api-api species (Avicennia sp.).
Table 5.26
Vegetation Analysis Result at Mangrove Forest (Nonong)
Note:
Nama Jenis
Species name
Picture 5.14 Samples of Mangrove Vegetation at Nonong Beach
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 3) Cultivation Vegetation Observation result on cultivation vegetation is listed down in Table 5.27. The entire cultivation areas
observed are mixed gardens / plantations owned by the villagers. Table 5.27 Vegetation Analysis Result (Floristic Data) in Cultivation Area
84
Picture 5.15 Samples of Cultivation Vegetation in Project Site Plan
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 5.2.1.2 Wild Animals a. Habitat Habitat of an organism is the place for that organism to live or a place where someone has to go to find the organism. Habitat of wild animal is where a wild animal species fulfills all its living needs, not only food, water source, mineral salt, shelter, reproduction place, nesting, but also a place which highly determines the survival of a wild animals life or species. Result of observation along the projected area for pipeline and other supporting facilities discloses the vegetation species found there are also the type of wild animals habitats which consist of natural forest vegetation (Bangkiriang Animal Conservation),
cultivation vegetation, mangrove forest, and beach vegetation. This natural forest vegetation is an ex forest area developed under Forest Management Right (HPH) which is, based on the prevailing laws and regulations, Bangkiriang Animal Conservation Area. This type of
forest is dominated by Nyatoh, Penjalinan and Matoa species. The vertical structure and horizontal projection of vegetation covering as one of the indicators of habitat
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION quality is classified as good, although certain areas have already become open areas. Species of wild animals often found in this natural forest habitat are, among others, mammals (boar, bat, fruit eating bat), primates (long tailed ape), and birds (hornbill, pergum, parrot, and maleo). Shrubs and
meadow are ex dry farm / used areas by the villagers. In these habitats, wild animals often found are boar and birds, such as quail, swift, and swallow. b. Wild Animal Species Richness 1) Birds Bird species composition and relative abundance found in the natural forest are presented in Table 5.28. Table 5.28 Bird Species Composition and Relative Abundance in Natural Forest Habitat
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2)
Mammals Based on observation result and information from the surrounding villagers, in the habitats there are 5 species of mammals. Mammal species and
habitats are presented in Table 5.29. Species of wild mammals found in those habitats are dwarf buffalo (anoa), deer pig, boar, monkey, bat and fruit-eating bat. Table 5.29
No. 1. 2. 3.
Wild Mammal Species

Name Habitat Natural forest Natural forest Natural forest Shrubs Status Protected Protected Not protected Data Source Interview Interview Field observation Remarks Rare Rare Many
Dwarf buffalo (anoa) Deer pig Boar
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4. 5. Fruit-eating bat Bat Natural forest Shrubs Natural forest Shrubs Not protected Field observation Many Not protected Field observation Many
5.2.2
Aquatic Biota Aquatiq biota components observed consist of plankton, benthos, nekton (fish resources) and coral reef. Details on environmental
baseline of each aquatic biota are given below based on primary data.
5.2.2.1
Plankton Plankton, especially phytoplankton, is a vital aquatic microorganism as the key chain, namely as the primary producer, in food chain. The results of laboratory analysis on phytoplankton abundance and diversity in waters area are listed in Table 5.30 for river waters area and Table 5.31 for sea waters area. Zooplankton is presented in Table 5.32 for river waters area and Table 5.33 for sea waters area. Laboratory analysis results are given in Attachment 5.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Table 5.30 Phytoplankton Species and Abundance in River Waters Area
Observation Stations Organism Upper Kayowa River 14 4,097,000 0.69 0.61 0.32 Lower Bakung River 11 2,397,000 0.71 0.69 0.30 Sinorang River 16 192,100 0.91 0.75 0.18 Bonebalantak Bahu River Upper Bakung River 16 476,000 0.98 0.82 0.14 Lower Kayowa River 15 118,000 1.01 0.85 0.13
No. of Equivocal No. of Individual / liter Diversity Index Equitaility Index Dominance Index
15 780,300 0.75 0.64 0.26
14 2,388,500 0.82 0.72 0.20
Phytoplankton species found in the seven observation stations at rivers is included in five classes, namely Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Of
Bacillariophyceae, and Dinophyceae (Attachment 5).
those five classes, Bacillariophyceae class has the largest species abundance. From this class, there area four species (Nitzschia, Gomphonema, Navicula, and Fragillaria) which are always present at each observation staton. In addition, from other classes, it is only Phormidium of Cyanophyceae class that can be seen at each observation station. Plankton abundance ranges from 108,000 individuals / liter at Downstream of Kayowa River Station to 4,097,000
individuals / liter at Upstream of Kayowa River Station. In terms of abundance, Bacillariophyceae class is the most abundant, followed by, consecutively, Cyanophyceae and Chlorophyceae. Two other classes have lower abundance index. Equitaility index at each station ranges from 0.61 to 0.85; this shows that phytoplankton community is relatively
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION balance and stable. In other words, the condition of waters area is still good. Table 5.31 Zooplankton Species and Abundance in River Waters Area
Observation Stations Organism Upper Kayowa River 1 515 0 0 1.000 Lower Bakung River 3 3,248 0.47 0.98 0.34 Sinorang River 0 0 0 0 0 Bonebalantak Bahu River Upper Bakung River 4 1,236 0.60 1.00 0.25 Lower Kayowa River 0 0 0 0 0
No. of Equivocal No. of Individual / liter Diversity Index Equitaility Index Dominance Index
3 4,176 0.48 1.00 0.33
5 2,163 0.67 0.96 0.220
Zooplankton species found in the waters area is very few (Attachment 5), even at two stations no zooplankton has been found. It is rather difficult to make a conclusion on this matter. Table 5.32 Phytoplankton Species and Abundance in Sea Waters Area
Observation Station Bangkiriang 15 697,500 0.52 0.44 0.50 Senorang Estuary 11 219,300 0.53 0.50 0.48 Nonong 5 69,700 0.54 0.77 0.37
Organism Number of Equivocal Number of Individual / liter Diversity Index Equitaility Index Dominance Index
In sea waters, three classes of phytoplankton are found, namely Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, and Dinophyceae (Attachment 5). Similarly to river waters, in the sea,
Bacillariophyceae class has the largest abundance; it is even

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION the most abundant. This has resulted in balance among the lower number species and dominance is incurred by Bacillariophyceae class. Table 5.33 Zooplankton Species and Abundance in Sea Waters Area
Observation Station Bangkiriang 4 2,678 0.69 0.98 0.21 Senorang Estuary 6 7,207 0.56 0.72 0.37 Nonong 4 2,163 0.55 0.92 0.31
Organism Number of Equivocal Number of Individual / liter Diversity Index Equitaility Index Dominance Index
The most zooplankton class found in sea waters is Copepoda, covering six species, namely Calanus, Oithona, Corycaeus, Calocalanus, and Cyclop (Attachment 5).
5.2.2.2
Benthos Benthos found in each observation station, both in the rivers and in the sea, is only one species, as presented in Attachment 5. Few benthos in the rivers is something very common. Few benthos at coastal area is because the area is sand with insufficient organic rocks as its food source.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Table 5.34 Benthos Species and Abundance in Waters Area around the Project Site Plan
Observation Stations Organism No. of Equivocal No. of Individual / liter Diversity Index Equitaility Index Dominance Index Bangkiriang Beach 66 0 0 0 1.0 Bonebalantak 22 0 0 0.98 1.0 Sinorang Estuary 0 0 0 0 0 Upper River 22 0 0 1.00 1.0 Batui 0 0 0 0.96 0 Upper Bakung 0 0 0 1.00 0 Lower Kayowa 0 0 0 0 0
5.2.2.3
Nekton Nekton is limited to animals that can perform active movements in the waters. In this report, it is focused more on fish (Pisces). Additionally it can be informed that in the waters area in the study area many dolphins (Dugong dugong) have been found, which are included as protected mammals. Several nekton species found in the study area are completely presented in Table 5.35.
Table 5.35
Fish Species in Banggai Waters Area
93
Notes:
Nama Indonesia Nama Ilmiah
= =
Indonesian Name Scientific Name
5.2.2.4
Coral Reef Reef is important massive sediment of calcium carbonate produced particularly by coral (Filum Cnidaria, Anthozoa class, Madreporaria order = Scleractina) with a little limey algae and other organisms which produce calcium carbonate. Based on observation on coral reef at 4 locations in the coastal areas in the study area, coral reef is found in the waters area in front of Nonong Village, while at the other three observation stations, no coral reef has been found (sandy basic substrate).
Table 5.36
Observation Result on the Existence of Coral Reef at 4 Locations
94
Coral reef found in the observation locations in the waters area in front of Nonong Village is reef that composes each other, closed to the land and bordered by waters area which is not too deep. This type of coral reef grows along the
beach so that it is called fringing reef. Coral reef observation in this location is done at depth intervals of 3 7 meters. The observation is done based on the most optimal growth quality of coral, namely depth of waters that can still get the most light penetration (Nybakken, 1988). Coral reef basic composing components observed are classifed based on Structural Analysis of Life Form, where this method is based on analysis of growth form differences in composing corals of coral reef ecosystem which is the illustration of community structure and the condition of the habitat it lives in. The percentage of total covering of coral reef composing biota in the waters area in front of Nonong Village is 63.2%; the rest consists of dead coral (DC), dead coral with algae
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION (DCA), and other abiotic factors (37.8%). This means that coral covering in the waters area in front of Nonong Village is included in the criteria of good. percentage can be seen in Table 5.37. Table 5.37 Total Covering Percentage of Coral Reef Ecosystem Composing Biota in Waters Area in front of Nonong Village
Code CM CF CB CMR ACD ACB ACT ACS SC DCA DC Growth Form Coral Massive Coral Foliose Coral Branching Coral Mushroom Acropora Digitate Acropora Branching Acropora Tabulate Acropora Submassive Soft Coral Dead Coral with Algae Cead Coral Covering Percentage (%) 12.2 9.3 6.7 0.5 5.8 6.9 6.2 14.4 0.2 28.2 9.6
Total coral covering
In terms of the condition of coral reef in this waters area, it is likely be dominated by the existence of hard coral, while soft coral is only found in small amount. Types of hard coral dominantly found in the observation locations are coral massive (CM), coral foliose (CF), Acropora Digitate (ACD), Acropora Branching (ACB), and Acropora Submassive (ACS).
Picture 5.16 Condition of Coral Reef in the Waters Area in front of Nonong Village
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION The condition of coral reef in this waters area is relatively more maintained, because the community has more conciously participated actively in preserve their environment. This condition is represented by the inexistence of fishing activity by using bomb or potasium cyanide by the fishermen in this area.
5.3 Social Component Senoro gas field development and pipeline installation activities are estimated to have impacts to the people residing around the gas field and pipeline, namely Slametharjo, Toili and Molong (Saluan Village) Villages in Toili Sub-District; Sinorang, Bone Balantak, Masing, Nonong, Sisipan, Tolando, Balantang, Lamo, Honbola and Uso Villages in Batui Sub-district; and Kalolos, Tangkiang, and Padang Villages in Kintom Sub-district. Villages imposed by impacts for flowline alternative I are Toili and Saluan Villages (Moilong Quarter) and for alternative 2 is Slametharjo Village. Village imposed by impacts for jetty development plan alternative 1 is Nonong Village and for alternatives 2 and 3 is Sinorang Village.
5.3.1
Demography 5.3.1.1 Population Number and Density Based on village monographic data of 2005, the population number in the study area is 25,414 people with total number
97
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION of family is 6.405 heads of household. Based on this number, the average family size is 3.9 people / head of household. Total area of the study villagess is 1,035.12 km2, which means the average population density is 25 people / km2. Population density in the study villagess is lower than population study in the study sub-districts which is 28 people / km2. Similarly to family size, it is lower in the study
villagess (3.9 people / head of household) than the study sub-districts, namely 4.0 people / head of household. Total number of population, population density, and family size in the study sub-districts and village are presented in Table 5.38. Table 5.38 Total Number of Population, Population Density, and Family Size in the Study sub-districts
98
Source: Village Monography, December 2005; Kintom Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005; Batui Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005; Toili Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005. Notes: Kecamatan Luas Jiwa Wanita Kepadatan Ukuran = = = = = = Sub-district Total Area Soul / People Female Density Size Desa Jumlah Penduduk Laki-laki Jumlah Jumlah Rata-rata = = = = = Village Total Number of Population Male Tota Head of Household Average Total Number
KK = Kepala Keluarga =
Gender wise, the population of the study villagess consists of 12,717 male and 12,697 female. Gender ratio of male
population to female population is 101%, meaning in every 101 female population, there is 104 male population. Based on population density classification according to Law No. 56/prp/1960 (Table 5.39), the study area is included in the criteria of the lowest density, namely included in area which is not dense (rare) because the density is less than 50 people / km2, but if detailed by village, there is one village whose dense criteria can be classified as relatively dense area, namely Slametharjo Village. Population density in the study area rages from 5 to 355 people / km2, with the highest density in Slametharjo Village. The high population density in that village is because the village is a transmigration area whose land is very limited according to the allocation given by the government. Table 5.38 shows that households in the study area are classified as small
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION families, because the family size is averagely 3.9 people / head of household, meaning each family has only averagely 2 3 children. Table 5.39
No. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Population Denity (People / km2) 1 50 51 250 251 400 > 400 Area Classification Not dense Less dense Relatively dense Very dense
Source: Indonesian Law on Land Affairs, Jakarta, 1988
5.3.1.2
Population Growth Rate Population growth rate in the study villagess is presented in Table 5.40. In 2001, the total number of population in the study villagess was 19,923 people. In 2005, the total
number experienced an increase an became 25, 414 people. Based on this number, the average population growth rate in the study villagess for the period of 2001 2005 was 6.275% per year. Toili Sub-district experienced a negative growth rate, namely -10.6% / year. Negative growth rate exists due to expansion of Toili Sub-district area into two sub-districts, namely Toili Sub-district and West Toili Sub-district.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Table 5.40 Population Growth Rate in the Study villagess for 2000 2005
Source:
Village Monography, December 2005; Kintom Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005; Batui Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005; Toili Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005.
Notes: Kecamatan Luas Jiwa
= = =
Sub-district Total Area Soul / People =
Desa Jumlah Penduduk Thn (Tahun) Data are not yet available Population Growth Rate
= = =
Village Total Number of Population Year
BTD (Belum Tersedia Data)
Laju Pertumbuhan Penduduk =
5.3.1.3
Population Structure a. Population Structure based on Age Group The population of the study sub-districts consists of 23,236 children of 0 14 years old (28.8%), 51,898 adult people (15 59 years old) (64.2%)and 5,674 elderlies ( 60 years old) (7.0%) (Table 5.41). Based on that
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION composition the ratio of population dependence in the study sub-districts is 55.7% which means every 100 people of productive ages must bear 56 people of nonproductive ages. Table 5.41 Population Structure based on Age Group and Gender
Source:
Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005. = = = Sub-district Percentage Soul / People = Based on Age Group Jumlah Penduduk Jumlah = = Total Number of Population Total
Notes: Kecamatan Persentase Jiwa
Based on Kelompok Umur
b. Population Structure based on Education Level Prosperity level in an area, in addition to the availability of natural resources potential, is determined by quality human resources. This is also inseparable from the
average education level of the people. Education is also one of the factors which will influence a persons opinion towards changes incurring in his environment and social life. Formal education level of the people in the study sub-districts is mostly low.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Survey result by the Central Agency for Statistics of Banggai Regency indicates that 34% of people did not graduate or have not yet graduated from the Primary School (SD), while 40.8% of the villagers are Primary School (SD) graduates. There are 12.2% of the villagers are Junior High School (SMP) graduates, while 7.5% of the villagers are Senior High School (SMA) educated. Only 0.9% of the people are educated at academy and 0.6% of the people are holders of bachelors degree. Population of the age of > 10 years old based on their education levels is presented in Table 5.42. Table 5.39
No. 1. 2. 3.

Toili 1,925 14,954 16,165 Batui 750 5,829 7,614 Kintom 123 2,815 4,528 Total No. 2,798 23,598 28,307 Percentage (%) 4.0 34.0 40.8 12.2 7.5 0.9 0.6 100
4. 4,225 2,169 2,044 8,438 5. 2,391 1,588 1,208 5,187 6. 221 222 145 588 7. 153 129 131 413 Total 40,034 18,301 10,994 69,329 Source: Banggai Regency in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics of Banggai Regency, May 2005
Education Level Not / never go to school Not / not yet graduate from Primary School (SD) Graduate from Primary School (SD) Junior High School Senior High School Diploma / Academy Bachelors Degree
In general education facility in the study area is still very limited; this highly affects the quality of human resources in the study location. Education facility available in each village is education facility for Primary School (SD) level, while Junior High School (SMP) and Senior High School
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION (SMA) levels are only available in the Sub-district, some are only available in the Regency. Teachers are
sufficiently available which can be seen from student ratio per teacher which is averagely less than 20, which means that each teacher supervises not more than 20 students. Obstacles faced in the efforts to increase basic and advanced education quality and services are the limited transportation facility to schools and the minimum education supporting facilities, such as teachers books, teaching demonstration tools, laboratory, and library. Total number of education facilities in the study villagess is presented in Table 5.43. Table 5.43 Total Number of Education Facilities
Source: Village Monography, December 2005; Kintom Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005; Batui Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005; Toili Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005. Notes: Kecamatan S (Sekolah) M (Murid) = = = Sub-district School Student 104 Desa G (Guru) = = Village Teacher
Jumlah Rata-rata untuk kecamatan studi Jumlah Rata-rata untuk desa studi = = Average Total Number for Study sub-districts Average Total Number for Study villages
c. Population Structure based on Religion Total number of population based on the religions beheld is as follows: Islam (97.1%), Catholic (1.1%), Christian (Protestant) (1.2%), Hindu (0.5%), and Buddha (0.1%) which can be seen in Table 5.44. Harmony among the religion beholders is well applied by the local people. Each religion beholder can respect each other and perform their religious obligations peacefully, without any disturbances from people of other religions. Table 5.44 Total Number of Population based on Religions
Source: Village Monography, December 2005; Sub-district in Figures 2005, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005. Notes: Kecamatan Jumlah = = Sub-district Total Number of Beholders Total Number Desa Jiwa = = Village Soul / People
Jumlah Penganut =
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Jumlah Rata-rata untuk kecamatan studi Jumlah Rata-rata untuk desa studi = = Average Total Number for Study sub-districts Average Total Number for Study villages
Worship
facilities
available
are
mosque,
musholla
(praying room), church and temple. In the study villages there are 32 units of mosque, 12 units of musholla (praying room) and 10 units of church (Table 5.45). In addition to performing worship in the mosque or musholla (praying room), the Moslems also conduct Koran recital activity at villagers houses in rotation. Similarly to the Christians who also conduct masses at villagers houses in rotation, in addition masses at the church. Table 5.45 Total Number of Worship Facilities in the Study Villages
Source:
Village Monography, December 2005; Sub-district in Figures 2005, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005.
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Notes: Kecamatan Masjid Gereja Vihara = = = = Sub-district Mosque Church Buddhist Temple = = Desa Musholla Pura = = = Village Praying Room Hindu Temple Total Number of Facilities
Jumlah Fasilitas =
Jumlah Rata-rata untuk kecamatan studi Jumlah Rata-rata untuk desa studi
Average Total Number for Study sub-districts Average Total Number for Study villages
5.3.1.4
Manpower Manpower is one of the problems which are difficult to solve at present. The total number of job seekers increases, but the job opportunities decrease. Based on the data of job seekers listed at the Office of Manpower and Transmigration of Banggai Regency, it can be seen that every year there are more and more job seekers who cannot be channeled. This means that the
growth of job opportunities is not comparable to the growth of job seekers. Table 5.46 illustrates the total number of job seekers based on their education levels registered in 2004 in comparison to available job opportunities presented in Table 5.47, where the discrepancy is significant, so that many job seekers cannot be channeled according to available job opportunities. Report from the Office of Manpower and Transmigration of Banggai Regency indicates that there are 3,221 people of
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION the work force who are listed as job seekers, out of which only 812 people can be recruited, while the other 2,409 people have not. Table 5.46 Registered Job Seekers based on Education Level and Gender in Banggai Regency for 2001 2004
Source:
Office of Manpower and Transmigration of Banggai Regency, Central Agency for Statistics, 2005. = = = = Education Level Junior High School Bachelors Degree Female SD SMU Lk (Laki-laki) Tahun = = = = Primary School Senior High School Male Year
Notes: Tingkat Pendidikan SLTP Sarjana Pr (Perempuan)
Table 5.47
Registered Job Opportunities based on Education Level and Gender in Banggai Regency for 2001 2004
Source:
Village Monography, December 2005; Sub-district in Figures 2005, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005.
Notes: Tingkat Pendidikan SLTP Sarjana Pr (Perempuan)
= = = =
Education Level Junior High School Bachelors Degree Female
SD SMU Lk (Laki-laki) Tahun
= = = =
Primary School Senior High School Male Year
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 5.3.2 Economy Dynamics and activities of local economy are inseparable from the availability of economic facilities and infrastructure, such as farming land, road, transportation, market, institution, and other various productive activities. 5.3.2.1 Domestic Economy a. Livelihood Livelihood of the families in the study villages is mostly farming with a proportion of 91.7% (Table 5.48). Agricultural businesses commonly done are wet land farming (rice field) and dry land farming. Wet land is
managed for rice / paddy cultivation, while dry land is used for cultivation of plantation crops (coconut, cacao, oil palm, rubber, etc.) and food crops (dry farm rice, corn, cassava, etc.). The numerous people conducting agricultural businesses are due to the condition of the area whose majority is rice fields and shrubs, which can be developed into land for food crops plantation and mixed garden. People residing along the beach, such as people of Lamo and Nonong Villages (Coastal Nonong Quarter), earn their living by becoming fishermen.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Table 5.48 Population based on Livelihood in the Study Villages
Source: Kintom Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005; Batui Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005; Toili Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005. Notes: Kecamatan Pertanian Perdagangan Jasa Persentase = = = = = Sub-district Agricultural Farm Trade Service Percentage = = Average Total Number for Study sub-districts Average Total Number for Study villages Desa Kerajinan Angkutan Lain-lain = = = = Village Craft Transportation Others
Jumlah Rata-rata untuk kecamatan studi Jumlah Rata-rata untuk desa studi
Some of the people in the study villages earn their living by having double livelihoods, such as farmer who also works as a fisherman or as a casual labor or an ojek rider. Of a number of domestic respondents, 73.1% of heads of household have double livelihood pattern or have a side business. Those jobs are done one after each other
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION according to the seasonal condition in the study area. At the beginning of wet season, most people work on the farm land. Once planting season has ended and while waiting for harvest, they work as fishermen or casual workers or ojek riders. b. Peoples Income The main income source of the people in the study villages is from crops products, namely rice / paddy, coconut and cacao. The main income source of the In
people living along the coast is fishing in the sea.
addition, villagers also have side income sources, such as wage as company worker / labor and ojek rider. Peoples income in the study village can be identified through the peoples ways of living. As elaborated above, the majority of the people there work as farmers, whose income ranges from Rp 525,000 to 600,000 monthly. Farming labor (cleaning cocoa or oil palm plantation area) is paid a lump sum amount of around Rp 200,000 / Ha. An area of 1 Ha is usually worked by 2 people for 5-6 days so that the average income of farming labor is around Rp 16,500 Rp 20,000 daily. Higher income will be earned by the farmers who own the oil coconut plantation with income of around Rp 900,000 Rp 2,400,000 every month.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION People working as industrial labor / employees will have different incomes, depending on the type of company and position. Casual workers working from 06.00 to 12.00 will earn Rp 25,000 daily without meals, while permanent workers / employees will earn around Rp 750,000 Rp 2,000,000 every month. Income of people working as
merchant ranges from Rp 725,000 to Rp 1,500,000 per month. Fishermens income is between Rp 20,000 and Fishermen do not work regularly
Rp 50,000 daily.
everyday, but in average only 4-5 days weekly. 73% of domestic income is used for daily consumption. The remaining is used for education, medical,
transportation and other expenses.
5.3.2.2
Natural Resources Economy a. Land Use and Management Pattern The use pattern of land resources around the project site is mostly rice field, peoples plantation (coconut, cacao, oil palm) and private plantation. Lands in the study
villages are dominated by mixed plants and rice. At the beginning, land acquisition process by the people of Saluan and Taa ethnic groups started with forest
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION clearing for dry farming are which is usually closed to or along the beach or road side. Dry farming area is usually planted with cultivation vegetation species, such as dry farming rice, cassava, corn, vegetables and fruits. In dry farming activity, the majority of the people still do it traditionally, namely chopping, cutting, planting and harvesting. Fertility of land which has been planted 2-3 times will be decreasing so that it cannot be planted with crops anymore. The land will usually be planted with
hard plants, such as coconut, cacao, oil palm, or fruits (jackfruit, durian, cempedak, mango, etc.) before the area is abandoned and becomes the possession of the cultivator. However, with population growth and land
constraint, land possession cannot be undertaken through land clearing anymore, but it can be done through sell-purchase process or through inheritance from parents. In field land, farmers have possessed enough exposure on semi modern farming, such as the use of fertilizers and hand tractor. This is supported with the existence of irrigation and the presence of transmigrants who have introduced a more advanced farming system.
Transmigrants obtained their lands through allocation from the government.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Total area of land possession for settlement (house and yard) is from 45 to 1,000 m2 with average total area of 150 m2. Total area of land possession for farming area ranges from 1 to 6 Ha with average total area of 2 Ha / head of household. Most of the land is yet to be provided with ownership documentation. a. Public-Owned Resources Natural resources found around the study area consist of farming and forest areas and water resources (sea and water). Natural resources in the form of forest are fully possessed by the government, so that people who want to exploit forest commodities must obtain permit from the government. Public-owned resources are only sea and river. The sea is used by the community, particularly traditional
fishermen as the source of living. In addition, sea is used by the community as transportation line, while river is used for bathing, washing and toileting as well as for watering the field area. Existing rivers cannot be used for transportation as they are very shallow.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 5.3.2.3 Local Economy a. Accessibility Villages in the study area are located very closed to road access (asphalted road of Luwuk Baturube). Type of transportation commonly used by the villagers is land transportation. In particular villages located along the
coast will use sea transportation, in addition to land transportation. Types of vehicles found in the study area are car, motorbike (ojek), and boat / vessel. Roads predicted to be imposed by impacts of the activity plan are Mata Timaling Road, at the intersection of GoriGori market in Sinorang Village. The latest condition of the road is Rumija of 8 meters wide whereas 5 meters of the body road is asphalted and in good condition (no holes). The road is a two-way road with no separator. b. Traffic Volume Traffic volume or flow is the total number of vehicles passing by an observation point at a main road per time unit. Traffic volume is identified through manual traffic counting survey which is done at observation point at road part estimated to be impacted by activity plan.
This way
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION primary data will be obtained which will illustrate the latest traffic condition in the observation area. Traffic volume data will be used to obtain traffic volume during rush hours per PCU (Passenger Car Unit) unit per hour. Traffic volume at Mata Timaling Road part (observation point in front of Gori-gori market intersection) and its composition are presented in Table 5.49 and Table 5.50. Average daily traffic at Mata Timaling Road is 1,069 PCU (Passenger Car Unit) with traffic of Luwuk Toili trip of 53% and Toili Luwuk trip of 47%. Table 5.49 Traffic volume at Mata Timaling Road (Gori-gori market
intersection), from Luwuk to Toili, and its composition
Source: Primary Data, 2006 Notes: Jenis Kendaraan = Mobil Tangki Lain-lain Gerobak = = = Type of Vehicle Tank Vehicle Others Wagon, cart SMP Truk Gandeng Sepeda Jumlah = = = = Passenger Car Unit (PCU) Tandem Truck Bicycle Total Number
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Table 5.50 Traffic volume at Mata Timaling Road (Gori-gori market
intersection), from Toili to Luwuk, and its composition
Source: Primary Data, 2006 Notes: Jenis Kendaraan = Mobil Tangki Lain-lain Gerobak = = = Type of Vehicle Tank Vehicle Others Wagon, cart SMP Truk Gandeng Sepeda Jumlah = = = = Passenger Car Unit (PCU) Tandem Truck Bicycle Total Number
c. Traffic Performance Rate and Degree of Saturation In the US HCM (Highway Capacity Manual) 1994 road performance is shown by Level of Service (LOS), namely qualitative level reflecting drivers perception on vehicle driving quality. Level of service at a road part shows the entire condition of that part of the road. Level of service is determined based on quantitative values, such as degree of saturation (DS) and speed of trip a, as well as qualitative values, such as drivers freedom / flexibility in moving / selecting speed, degree of traffic obstacle and convenience. Level of Service is determined in an interval scale which consists of 6 levels, namely A, B, C, D, E, and F where A
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION is the highest level of service. Criteria of each level are given in Table 5.51. Table 5.51 Criteria of Traffic Level of Service
Criteria Free flow, low volume and high speed, driver can chose the speed he desires. Stable flow, speed slightly limited by the traffic, volume of service used for outskirt road design. Stable flow, speed controlled by the traffic, volume of service used by urban road design. Instable flow, low speed. Instable flow, low and different speed, volume approaching capacity. Hampered flow, low speed, volume below capacity, many stops.
Level of Service Index A B
D E F
d. Degree of Saturation Degree of saturation is defined as volume ratio to capacity, used as the key factor in determining
performance level of road intersection and segment. Degree of saturation value indicates whether or not that particular road segment has capacity problem, because capacity is defined as maximum traffic flow passing by a point at the road which can be maintained per hour unit in a certain condition. Based on HCM international
standard if DS is < 0.80, the condition is stable, but if DS is 0.80 1.00, the condition is instable and if DS is > 1.00,
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION the condition is critical. Table 5.52 shows road Level of Service Index based on traffic degree of saturation. Table 5.52 Level of Service Index based on Traffic Degree of Saturation
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Road Level of Service A B C D E F Traffic Degree of Saturation 0.35 0.054 0.77 0.93 1 >1
Road capacity can be calculated using the following formula: C = Cp x FCw x FCsp x F Csf x FCcs Remarks: C Cp = = Real capacity Basic capacity Road part width factor Direction separator factor Side obstacle factor City size factor
FCw = FCsp = FCsf = FCcs =
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION The following Tables 5.53 up to 5.55 show the capacity of Mata Timaling road estimated to be imposed by impacts. Table 5.53
Road Part Mata Timaling
Capacity of Mata Timaling Road Estimated to Be Impacted

Basic Capacity (PCU / hour) 800 Capacity Adjustment Factor Lane Width 0.86 Separator 0.82 Side Obstacle 0.82 City Size 0.94 Real Capacity (PCU / hour) 435
Source: Primary Data from Field Observation, 2006
Table 5.54
Traffic Volume and Degree of Saturation at Road Side Estimated to Be Impacted
Road Part Mata Timaling
Volume Morning 118.0 Noon 114.2 Afternoon 71.5 Morning 0.27
VCR Noon 0.26 Afternoon 0.16
Source: Primary Data from Field Observation, 2006
Calculation result shows that DS in Mata Timaling road in the morning, noon and afternoon is still stable at Level of Service A. It means that traffic flow is relatively free,
vehicle volume is low and drivers are free to choose their speeds. Hence, construction material transportation
activity passing by Mata Timaling road will not create any significant disturbances to traffic flow. Table 5.54 Traffic Volume and Degree of Saturation at Road Side Estimated to Be Impacted
Road Part Degree of Saturation Speed (km / hour) Level of Service Index Rush Hour Morning 0.27 60 A Noon 0.26 60 A Afternoon 0.16 60 A
Source: Primary Data from Field Observation, 2006 ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi 120
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION e. Sea Transportation Banggai Regency, which is mostly located around the beach, highly allows sea fleet to operate at existing ports, for equal distribution of economic development and to support passengers sea transportation. Ports available in Banggai Regency are Luwuk,
Pagimana and Bunta Ports. In Mollong Hamlet, Saluan Village, Toili Regency, there is also a port ex Forest Management Right (HPH) which is in bad condition and cannot be used anymore. When the company was still active, the port in Mollong was also used by the public as port for good transportation. In addition, in Lamo Village, Batui Sub-district, there are 2 (two) units of special port, namely special port for CPO (Crude Palm Oil)
transportation owned by PT Kurnia Luwuk Sejati and special port for shrimp and prawn transportation owned by PT BSS (Banggai Sentral Shrimp). Tables 5.56 and 5.57 show that there has been a 13% increase in the total number of departing motor boats and a 64% increase in the total number of arriving motor boats, compared to the activities of their activities between years 2002 and 2003.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION On a related matter, there has been a 3% decrease in arriving passengers and a 3% decrease in departing passengers. The details can be seen in Tables 5.58 and 5.59. Table 5.56 Total Number of Departing Motor Boats according to Month in Banggai Regency for Year 2003
Month (1) 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 January February March April May June July August September October November December 2003 2002 2001 2000 Port Luwuk (2) 145 121 163 152 139 152 154 172 167 178 160 154 2,857 1,205 2,038 2,035 Pagimana (3) 19 19 23 13 22 23 29 24 20 26 34 28 280 174 358 341 Bunta (4) 13 13 9 10 16 13 8 10 7 5 7 111 26 22 27
Source: Luwuk, Pagimana, and Bunta Sea Ports, Central Agency for Statistics of Banggai Regency, 2004
Table 5.57
Total Number of Arriving Motor Boats according to Month in Banggai Regency for Year 2003
Month (1) Port Luwuk (2) 145 121 163 152 Pagimana (3) 19 19 23 13 Bunta (4) 13 13 9 10
01 02 03 04
January February March April
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05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 May June July August September October November December 2003 2002 2001 2000 139 152 154 172 167 178 160 154 2,857 1,661 2,038 2,035 22 23 29 24 20 26 34 28 280 279 358 341 16 13 8 10 7 5 7 111 49 22 27
Table 5.58
Total Number of Arriving Motor Boat Passengers according to Month in Banggai Regency for Year 2003
Month (1) Port Luwuk (2) 6,894 5,547 6,070 5,566 5,641 5,890 7,301 6,198 6,020 6,528 6,711 7,598 75,964 78,504 108,938 114,105 Pagimana (3) 3,018 2,797 2,782 1,122 2,820 2,546 3,581 2,423 2,290 2,919 4,226 4,499 35,023 35,624 52,523 37,759 Bunta (4) -
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
January February March April May June July August September October November December 2003 2002 2001 2000
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Table 5.58 Total Number of Departing Motor Boat Passengers according to Month in Banggai Regency for Year 2003
Month (1) 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 January February March April May June July August September October November December 2003 2002 2001 2000 Port Luwuk (2) 5,670 5,206 5,657 4,762 5,510 3,042 7,351 6,024 6,178 6,735 7,331 6,611 70,077 67,788 105,067 113,098 Pagimana (3) 3,050 2,411 2,247 1,074 2,478 2,489 2,761 2,492 2,279 2,595 3,562 3,338 30,776 34,348 51,733 37,488 Bunta (4) 26 26 -
5.3.2.4
Job and Business Opportunities Job opportunities which have absorbed local workers is due to the existence of several companies around the study area, such as oil palm plantation, CPO plant, shrimp pond cultivating company, and Senoro Gas Field. Senoro Gas Field, although it is not officially operated, has opened job opportunities to local people as security guards to keep safe the gas field and acquired land. Several business
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION opportunities emerging from the existence of companies around the study area are restaurants / food stores, transportation services, etc.
5.3.2.5
Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) Economic development growth in Banggai Regency can be seen from the growth rate of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). Economic condition of Banggai Regency continuously experienced significant increase and progress in 2003. This is shown by the increase in GRDP against the Prevailing Price which reached IDR 1,369,444 million, higher than the previous year, namely IDR 1,259,821 million. For GRDP against constant price 1993 during 2003, it reached IDR 385,402 million, higher than the previous year, i.e. IDR 360,257 million (Table 5.60). Economic growth of Banggai Regency in 2003 was 6.98% higher than the previous year, which was 6.82%. Based on sectoral role, the economy of Banggai Regency is currently still dominated by agricultural sector as the key motor of regional economy, whose role tends to become stronger every year. This is in line with the increasing role of crops, plantation, livestock, forestry, and fishery sub-sectors. The role of the agricultural sector in 2003 was up to 56.17%
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION of the total GRDP of Banggai Regency, higher than the previous year, i.e. 55.86%. Table 5.60 Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) against Prevailing Price and Constant Price 1993 of Banggai Regency for 2002 2003 (IDR million)
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Agriculture Drilling and Mining Processing Industry Electricity and Clean Water Construction Trading, Hotel and Restaurant Transportation and Community Finance, Rental Service, Company Services GRDP Sector Prevailing Price 2002 703,683 15,473 115,510 7,054 89,082 109,812 65,404 38,248 115,555 1,259,821 2003 769,186 16,624 102,787 7,998 96,807 123,954 73,684 41,671 136,733 1,369,444 Constant Price 1993 2002 193,836 5,525 26,655 2,289 26,372 31,829 23,389 12,107 38,255 360,257 2003 209,643 5,835 28,207 2,488 28,336 33,626 24,682 12,629 39,957 385,402
Source: Gross Regional Domestic Product of Banggai Regency 2003, Central Agency for Statistics, 2005
Three sectors with the most contribution to total GRDP of Banggai Regency are agricultural, service and trading sectors, each with shares of 56.17%, 9.98%, and 9.05%, respectively. The contribution of mining and drilling sector is only 1.21% (Table 5.61). However, mining and drilling
sector has experienced relatively significant growth for the past few years. In 2002, this sector grew by 4.57% and in 2003 the growth increased to 5.61%. Through the operation plan of Senoro Gas Field the contribution of this sector is estimated to increase even more. Regarding production
sharing of natural oil and gas industry between the headquarters and regional (provincial / regency / city)
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION governments, it has been regulated under separate laws and regulations. Table 5.61
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Agriculture Drilling and Mining Processing Industry Electricity and Clean Water Construction Trading, Hotel and Restaurant Transportation and Community Finance, Rental Service, Company Services GRDP
GRDP Growth of Banggai Regency, 2002 2003 (%)

Sector Prevailing GRDP Share 2002 55.86 1.23 9.17 0.56 7.07 8.72 5.19 3.04 9.17 100.00 2003 56.17 1.21 7.51 0.58 7.07 9.05 5.38 3.04 9.98 100.00 2002 8.69 4.57 4.15 7.58 6.38 5.19 5.18 3.83 3.51 6.82 Growth 2003 8.16 5.61 5.82 8.66 7.45 5.65 5.53 4.32 4.45 6.98
Source: Gross Regional Domestic Product of Banggai Regency 2003, Central Agency for Statistics, 2005
5.3.2.6
Economic Growth Center Generally regional economic growth centers happening in Banggai Regency head for areas rich in natural resources potentials. Economic growth in Banggai Regency is
centralized in Luwuk (the capital of the Regency), while economic growth center in the study area is in Toili. At the beginning Toili Sub-district was a transmigration settlement unit, but it has developed into two sub-districts, namely Toili and West Toili Sub-districts. Toili has fertile
land resources which make it the rice barn of Central Sulawesi Province. In addition, there are also oil palm
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION plantations and CPO processing plant. In Toili Sub-district various economic facilities have been developed (such as banks, village cooperatives, market, and bus terminal) as well as facilities and accommodation (inn / hotel). In the future the economic growth center will appear in Kintom Sub-district as this Sub-district has been appointed as Integrated Development Center.
5.3.3
Culture 5.3.3.1 Ethnic Groups and Customs Ethnic groups of which the people living in the study area come from are Saluan, Batui and Taa ethnic groups. Because of its attractiveness (economic, agricultural and fishery potentials), people from various ethnic groups in South Sulawesi, Java and Bali have come to this area. Apart from Kintom Sub-district, Batui and Toil Sub-districts are also transmigration destination areas, both for public Public
transmigration and spontaneous transmigration.
transmigrants, generally from Java and Bali, reside in Toili Sub-district, while spontaneous transmigrants from South Sulawesi (Bugis Makassar) permanently reside in several
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION sample villages in Batui and Toili Sub-districts. peoples ethnicity in the study area quite varies. Bugis Makassar ethnic groups are not only talented in maritime field, but also familiar with trading and agriculture. Slamet Harjo Village is not only occupied by ex transmigrant villagers of Javanese and Sundanese ethnic groups, but also by people of Bugis Makassar ethnicity. Toili and Saluan Villages are not only occupied by people of Saluan ethnic group, but also people of Bugis ethnic group from South Sulawesi and Tolaki ethnic group of Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi. Ethnic groups residing in the study area, both local and incoming ones, have their own cultural and custom roots which are so high that symbolize the wisdom of the people, to regulate relationship pattern among the people and with the surrounding nature. Peoples custom tradition is a mix of local village culture and the culture contained in the religion beheld by the majority of the villagers, namely Islam. In Saluan and Taa community structure, various custom traditions observed and implemented are generally related to rules which have been observed for generations. Batui Hence,
ethnic group carries out traditional ceremonies at certain times, such as TUMPE, a kind of thanksgiving typical of Banggai people, which is undertaken upon harvest of Maleo
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION bird eggs. A legend says that this bird was at first brought in by the customary leader of Banggai from another area far far away. Therefore, although nowadays Maleo bird does not only live in Banggai area, the first time of harvesting its eggs must be led by the customary leader of Banggai. Tumpe ritual is still organized every year in Banggai Regency. Saluan people in Banggai Regency, as the place for Maleo bird to grow and expand, regularly prepare the Maleo bird eggs for the ritual. Local people believe that if the ritual is not conducted, there will be an outbreak in their villages. To make Tumpe ritual even merrier, local traditional dances are performed; the ritual is ended with Dero dance, a kind of social dance from Central Sulawesi. Similarly, the local people of Javanese ethnic group every year conduct Earth Day ritual which is usually called sedekah Bumi (feeding the Earth). This ritual is done spontaneously on an open square where people will eat nasi tumpeng (cone-shaped rice) together after cleaning their environment, not only each of their houses, but also public places, such as the streets, school building, community health center building, village office building, and mosque. The objective of this
ritual is to protect the earth so that the earth will be preserved and will always give prosperity to the people. The local people believe if this ritual is not conducted, the Earth will create disaster for them.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Among the people of Bugis Makassar ethnic group, traditional ceremony performed at certain times are Appalili (ritual performed before going to the paddy field), Abbulu sibatang (working hand in hand to sow the rice seeds), and Paddekko (thanksgiving ritual after harvest). Other than
those three rituals, there are also some other religion-related daily rituals, such as Sunatan (circumcision), Maudu (Prophets birthday), Miraja (Isra Miraj), Appatamma korang (khatam Al Quran = end of Koran recital). Also to build
houses of the villagers, they will undertake Mappaenteng balla beru (building a new house). In that ritual, people will serve various local snacks, such as Umba-umba and Baje. And each house must consist of Siring (basement), Kale Balla (main part of the house), and Pammakkang (attic). Although each ethnic group has and performs its own traditions, several customary rituals that have been
developed are also mixture of various ethnic habits, such as wedding, circumcision, and other rituals. Particularly in the area of Batui, there is a tradition to conduct selamatan ritual asking for safety and security prior to commencement of project activities; hence, before pipe installation activity begins in Batui, selamatan ritual is expected to take place.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 5.3.3.2 Social Process Social process consists of associative and dissociative processes. People in the study area can be categorized as transitional community where there is a mix of traditional and modern values with several values carried by each ethnic group. This condition has influenced the social institution in the village which has led to norm shift. This can be seen, among others, from changes in social relationship, such as social contact frequency, social distance, a shift from primary relationship pattern to secondary relationship pattern, and a shift from cooperative relationship to competitive and individual relationship; changes in life style, and changes in attitude when reacting to changes. The multiethnic life of the people in the study area is relatively potential to create conflicts. On one hand, people want to maintain the identity of their own ethnic groups; on the other hand, people are demanded by the situation which has become more and more demanding. Yet, the open
structure of the community allows the people of Saluan, Batui, Taa and other ethnic groups residing in the study area to apply a relatively high and open social adaptation pattern in understanding and maintaining the social values contained in the teachings inherited by their ancestors; this is very
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION much useful to hold back the seeds of conflicts. Any
conflicts are usually settled through amicable discussions. Field observation result and interview with respondents provide the information that the various ethnic groups in the study area seem to have well assimilated. Social interaction among ethnic groups have gone well, which means imitation, persuasion, and identification processes have taken place so naturally that encourage the people to observe principles and values which are locally applicable. Such awareness on the meaning of the local cultural values has led to cultural acculturation and assimilation among the various ethnic groups in the study area. The Heads of the villages are not from the majority ethnic groups. In Saluan Village, the Head of the Village is from Bugis ethnic group which is the minority. In Toili Village, the Head of the Village is from Tolaki ethnic group. Field observation and interview results provide the
information that social interaction among ethnic groups in the study area is relatively good. Social frictions and horizontal conflicts among ethnic groups due to cultural differences have never occurred. On the contrary, their daily lives show appreciation, respect and cooperation in various
development activities. The willingness to accept others as members of a certain clan among the ethnic groups through
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION match-making or marriage process has allowed assimilation process to take place more smoothly. However, for the past few years, conflicts have often incurred among the youths which are caused by alcoholic drinks and misunderstanding where some cases have led to inter-village fight. To avoid conflicts among youths, several youth organizations (Karang Taruna) have continuously organized inter-village sports tournaments so that closer relationship among youths can be promoted. In a development era like now, villages in the study area have continuously experienced changes. People accept and use the results of those changes which will inevitably affect their social behavior, not only structurally, but also culturally and interactively, which will eventually end to various advantageous choices; otherwise the choices will be disadvantageous. Investment in mining area which will have an operation in the study area is an introduction to technology, which will give not only positive impacts, but also negative impacts. Observation and interview results show that labor recruitment, land and crop price, and industrial estate location problems have become the main issues that have become the arguments among the people (of Toili Subdistrict) who feel that the lands and spaces used as the gas wells being explored are of their own. Associative and
dissociative social processes will continuously take place

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION one after another from the construction through the operation phases. Peoples attitudes and perceptions towards this
issue will always grow and will lead to conflicts if not proportionally taken care. Social changes which are relatively significant in this relation are concerning peoples perceptions towards the
development and their roles in the development process. Public critical attitude on the development activities
considered to bring negative impacts to their activities will become more and more obvious and the way they express themselves will become more and more open.
5.3.3.3
Social institution The systems of Saluan, Batui and Taa ethnic groups compiled in the social institutions which are the value subsystem basically contains the most intrinsic values regulating the manners of all aspects of their lives in their interaction with the social environment. This social institution consists of: (a) Social institution in the area of economy, such as Montulangi and in farming is mosout. Mosout means to as for help to work together so that one job can quickly be completed, e.g. cooperation and helping each other of a
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION group of farmers, not only within one village, but also within a family, in working on rice fields or dry farming fields. Usually the work will be done in turns so that
everyone in the group will have his turn. The result of this mosaut activity is the closer relationship and family bonding, the growing of solidarity, and the building of cooperation spirit among themselves. (b) Social institution in the area of kinship in Saluan area, which is commonly applicable in the convening of life cycle rituals, such as wedding ceremony (melanbonus), funeral ceremony (membowa pabalun), and
circumcision/hair cutting ceremony (mombowa tamban), and birth ritual (mosaluk); (c) Social institution in the area of governance, namely working together in the construction of social facilities and infrastructure, environmental sanitation, etc. (d) Social institution in the area of religion, such as tolak bala ritual to ask to the Almighty for a peaceful life, for protection from any disturbances in work, and for good working results. Life cycle rituals consist of funeral
ceremony (membowa pabalun), circumcision / hair cutting ceremony (mombowa tamban), and birth ritual (mosaluk). Other purpose is to ask for safety and security, not only for the departed person in funeral ritual, but also health
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION and safety for the newborn baby in birth ritual and for the boy circumcised / child whose hair is cut in circumcision / hair cutting ritual. Field observation result shows that some social institutions function well and serve as the behavioral pattern of the people in their daily activities. In addition to the above social institutions, there are also formal institutions in the study area, such as Village Government (Head of Village and his officials), Village Discussion Forum (LMD), and Peoples Representative Body (BPD); and non-formal public institutions, namely customary and religious institutions, ojek bikers association, and economic institutions which are quite functional in the community. Structurally, each village has formal institutions, namely LMD, BPD, and Ladies Forum (PKK). These institutions, although they are yet to function well, plays a quite important role in the smooth convening of government, development and civil activities in the villages, both administrative and nonadministrative activities. Village government in the study area is yet to function optimally. Office administration in the sample villages takes place at the houses of Heads of Villages. This is because
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION the Heads of Villages are already accustomed to serving people at their houses due to office facility constraint and local peoples habit who tend to have informal interaction with the Heads of Villages at the Heads houses. Therefore, continuous attention, improvement and management from the government are needed in order for this institution to function properly so that the communitys development can be successfully attained. Various issues that occur in line with the project activities or land disputes require the role of formal and non-formal institutions, while socio-cultural and religious approaches are very apparent in the role of non-formal institution. Therefore, harmonious cooperation, coordination and interactive
communication among the social institutions are very crucial for the solution of social problems.
5.3.3.4
Sacred Places In the study area there are several places which are considered to be sacred by the local people, i.e. sacred graves in Tolando Village, Batui Sub-district. Along with the population development, the location of those sacred graves is already within the village and the graves are well maintained. Mompatului or cleaning the sacred graves is
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION often done by the people, especially among the senior citizens, by bringing offerings and saying prayers based on individual wishes. There is also sacred spring which is located around 2 km from the villages. The spring is considered sacred by the people of several villages, namely Uso Village in Batui Subdistrict and Tangkiang, Padang, Uling-Mayula Villages in Kintom Sub-district. It was said that the spring has water
throughout the year and is never dry so that it becomes drinking source for the people having their plantations around the spring. However, the people in those villages never bring any offerings if they want to go to the spring. In addition, there are also other sacred places, such as sacred house, tanggul matindog and kusali. Sacred House Sacred house is located on Sinorang River bank, Gorigori Quarter, Sinorang Village. This house is used by the local people to pay a devotional visit, to take bath and to carry out rituals. The people of Taa who have just
survived a calamity or disaster or who have just recovered from sickness will usually pay a devotional visit to and take a bath at the sacred house. If this sacred house is imposed by the project, the house will be
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION demolished and replaced by a new building but it has to be consulted with Taa customary leader in Sinorang Village. Tanggul Matindog Tanggul Matindog is a house which used to be lived by the king which is located at the river upstream of Nonong Village. The place is considered as a heritage from the ancestors of Taa ethnic group so the people still keep it. Kusali (Lowa, Wasembiha and Kuop) Kusali is the meeting hall (auditorium) of Batui ethnic group used as a venue for traditional ceremonies and medication. There three kusali, namely kusali Lowa in Tolando Village, kusali Wasembiha in Sisipan Village and kusali Kuop in Balantang Village. The location of those three kusali is quite far from settlement area, namely around 7-8 km from the main road. If the project activities pass the kusali, coordination must be initiated with the customary institutions and village officials. Besides sacred places, in the study area there are also some prohibitions and taboos, such as: Eating, drinking and smoking in the public during the fasting month of Ramadhan.
This prohibition is
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION applicable in villages of fanatic Muslims, such as Padang, Tangkiang, Kalolos and Nonong Villages. This
prohibition is applicable not only for Muslims, but also for people of other religions. Other villages do not consider this as a problem. Undertaking contracted marriage with girls / women in the surrounding villages. This prohibition is also applicable in villages of fanatic Muslims, such as Padang, Tangkiang, Kalolos and Nonong Villages. Other villages do not
consider this as a problem as long as the brides family is willing to accept.
5.3.3.5
Public Perception Analysis on public perception in this study will have three focuses, namely: public perception about the activity plan, public perception about the land acquisition, and public perception about the incoming workers. Respondents observed as primary data sources are those who will be imposed by both direct and indirect impacts according to the activity plan. Total number of respondents observed is 160 households, which consist of 155 male heads of households and 5 female heads of households. Respondents ages range from 21 to 70 with average age of
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 37. Total number of average family dependence is 3 people per head of household and 2 of them work. With regard to education level, 102 people are educated in primary school, 33 people are educated in junior high school, 20 people are educated in senior high school, and 5 people have bachelors degrees. Public Perception about the Project Plan Public perception about gas field development project plan is very much affected by several factors, among others: Public impression on the execution of land acquisition for gas field in Slametharjo and Sinorang as well as on the execution of transportation of backfilling material for land maturation in Senoro 3 gas field (Slametharjo). Good
impression on the execution of land acquisition which has taken place will form good attitude to the next project plan. On the contrary, negative impression on the execution of backfilling material transportation will also create negative perception to the project. Seismic or exploration activity by other companies which left positive impression or problems with the local people will also create negative perception about the project plan. Public understanding on gas field development and piping plan is related to environmental impacts estimated
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION to incur, such as disturbance to farming area, dust problem, noise, and possible pollution of public water source. Effectiveness of socialization process of activity plan by JOB Pertamina Medco can be found out and well accepted by the local people and other relevant parties, such as the Government, Regional Environment Impact Management Agency, etc. Interview result presented in Table 5.62 discovers that all respondents (160) have found out about the plan of Senoro gas field development by JOB Pertamina Medco. Source of information regarding the project plan is 21.3% from the initiator through public expose carried out in Tolando Village, 3.1% from posters attached at village offices and at several other places, 66.3% from friends who have participated in the socialization program, and 9.3% from village officials. The high number of respondents who obtain information on the project plan through friends shows that the people spread the information they obtain very quickly. However, many of them cannot differentiate activities conducted by JOB Pertamina Medco from similar ones carried out by other parties. For example, seismic activity conducted by Pertamina; people think that activity is a part of activity carried out by JOB Pertamina Medco.
Also
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION socialization activity conducted by a methanol company is considered as a part of activity by JOB Pertamina Medco. Since there are still many people who cannot tell the difference of JOB Pertamina Medco activity from activities by other companies, problems occurring in those companies are also allegedly problems of JOB Pertamina Medco. Table 5.62 Public Perception about the Project
Source: Primary Data, 2006 Notes: Kecamatan Sudah Tahu Setuju Khawatir = = = = Sub-district Already Know Agree Concerned = = = Kelurahan Belum Tahu Tidak Setuju Tidak Khawatir = = = = Village Not Yet Know Disagree Not Concerned
Rencana Pembangunan Proyek Persepsi terhadap Proyek Jumlah Rata-rata untuk Desa Studi
Project Development Plan Perception about the Project Concern about Pipe Explosion Average Total Number for Study Village
Kekhawatiran terhadap Peledakan Pipa =
Initial perception shows that the majority (86.3%) of the respondents accept the existence of gas field development activity by JOB Pertamina Medco in their areas.
Their
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION willingness to accept the presence of the company is paired with their hopes for a job opportunity at the project and for their areas to grow and develop well. 5.6% of respondents proposed their disagreement with a reason that the development of gas field would not give any benefits to them. This disagreement has been disclosed
from the respondents in Toili area. Such rejection is based on the governments plan to build many plants which will use gas as the raw material outside the area of Toili. If the plants are going to be constructed in Toili area, they will give their full supports. According to them, if the plants are going to be constructed outside Toili area, they will not be able to obtain job and business opportunities. This is based on their
experience, that whenever there is a job opportunity whose location is outside Toili, they have always been rejected because they are not considered as local people. This
disagreement is also due to their concern on road damage and dust incurrence during construction material mobilization and pipe installation activities. Considering that there is a small part of the people who does not support the project plan, it is the responsibility of JOB Pertamina Medco to improve the effectiveness of socialization process of the project plan to the local community, so that the people can get comprehensive and
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION accurate information regarding the project plan related to the impacts estimated to incur and efforts to be taken by JOB Pertamina Medco. Interview result discloses that 21.9% of the respondents express their concern on the explosion possibility of pipes or other facilities available at gas processing site. To overcome such problem, people expect periodic socialization by JOB Pertamina Medco regarding procedures to handle gas explosion / leakage incident. In addition, they also expect an announcement board with telephone numbers that can be contacted in case of gas pipe leakage or disturbance. Public Perception about Land Acquisition Activity Interview result shows that 83.1% of the respondents express their agreement on land acquisition if any of their lands are imposed by project activities. comes with the following conditions: An amicable discussion should be conducted with land owners to decide on compensation value of acquired land and crops with the presence of officials of the villages, sub-districts and relevant institutions as witnesses; Payment of land and crops compensation should be made directly to land owners, with no intermediary; The agreement
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION No land clearance activities should take place before compensation payment is made to land owners. Their agreement is also based on their experience from previous land acquisition process by JOB Pertamina Medco whose compensation value is relatively high in their opinions. About 3.8% of respondents express their disagreement due to their concern on inappropriate compensation value and also because their lands are close to their houses and have been very productive, such as oil palm plantation or trading place. Their disagreement is also because they are worried that land acquisition will divide the land into two parts so that the land will no longer have economic value to be cultivated. On a related matter, 13.1% of the respondents do not give their responses because they do not have any lands around the location to be acquired. The majority (93.1%) of the people want the compensation in cash while others (1.9%) want it in the form of land and the remaining 5% do not give any responses. Respondents
responses on land acquisition plan are presented in Table 5.63.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Table 5.63 Public Perception about Land Acquisition and Incoming Workers
Source: Primary Data, 2006 Notes: Kecamatan Setuju Netral = = = Sub-district Agree Neutral Kelurahan Tidak Setuju = = Village Disagree No Response
Tidak Ada Tanggapan = = =
Tanggapan terhadap Rencana Pembebasan Tanah = Tanggapan terhadap Pekerja Pendatang Jumlah Rata-rata untuk Desa Studi
Response on Land Acquisition Plan Response on Incoming Workers Average Total Number for Study Village
Public Perception on Incoming People / Visitors Survey result shows that local people are quite open to incoming people / visitors. This is because all this time local people are already familiar with the entry of incoming ethnic groups. Such openness is inseparable from the existence of various companies / industries and the presence of transmigrants around the project location. Local peoples
attitude and perception to incoming people / visitors can be clearly seen in Table 5.63. The Table shows that 91.3% of the respondents express their agreement to incoming workers, as long as local people
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION are given priority in labor recruitment. If job opportunity is
not met by the local people, because specific skills are required, it can be filled by incoming workers. Other reason of their agreement on incoming workers is because incoming workers have certain skills which will be helpful in local peoples capacity building and in motivating the local people to improve their education and knowledge. The minority
(3.1%) of the people do not approve incoming workers because they are afraid that they will not be able to compete with the incoming workers.
5.4 Public Health Component Analysis on public health component in this study focuses on several aspects, which consist of environmental sanitation, nutrition status, and health facilities and infrastructure available in the study villages.
5.4.1
Environmental Sanitation and Clean Water According to the geographic condition of Banggai Regency, in general, and study villages, in particular, which is low flat land and hills, clean water sources of the villagers are dug wells or springs which come out of the hills. Water taken from dug wells is available at several houses. Looking at the existing environmental condition in the study villages,
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION environmental sanitation is not given sufficient attention. Bathing-
washing-toileting facility partly uses water from existing rivers. Toilets are only owned by 23 29% of the families or one toilet for about three houses. Families who do not have toilets rely on rivers and irrigation channels for their bowel movement. Environmental drainage system is also not given proper attention so that it creates water puddles. Domestic drainage and rain water
channels are not available which lead to the creation of water puddles in house yards. Possession of sanitation facility by the people in the study villages can be seen in Table 5.64. Table 5.64 Possession of Sanitation Facility by the People in the Study Villages
Source: Health Profile of Banggai Regency, 2004, Office of Health of Banggai Regency Remarks : A B C = = = Total Number of Heads of Household Analyzed Total Number of Heads of Household Having Toilet, etc. Percentage of Heads of Household Having Toilet, etc. = = Sub-district Trash Bin Jamban Puskesmas = = Toilet Public Health Center
Notes: Kecamatan SPAL
Tempat Sampah =
Waste Water Treatment Facility
Environmental condition of peoples residence (house and yard) is generally permanent and semi-permanent houses where the minority of the houses is made of wood with plank wall. Most of permanent and
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION semi-permanent have cemented concrete floor and the minority uses ceramic tiles. Rumah panggung (raised house) generally has plank floor. Some of the houses have plastered wall and some others have plank wall. Room ventilation is sufficiently good by installing windows and vent-holes in the living room, family room and bedroom. houses have yards with total area of 50 1,000 m2. House yard used for living kiosk or living drugstore is not a common practice in the study villages. Most of the house yards are planted with rambutan, jackfruit, banana, cassava, papaya, with minimum All
management (no intensive use of house yard cultivation). Village roads in settlement area are asphalted road and land road hardened with sand and rocks. Many roads in settlement area are damaged with holes so that they are muddy during wet season and dusty during dry season. Dust during dry season due to public
transportation traffic has always become a problem.
5.4.2
Types and Spread of Disease Data on types of diseases registered at Toili I, Batui and Kintom Public Health Centers (Puskesmas) indicate that diseases related to respiratory tract (Upper Respiratory Tract Infection), colon infection, malaria, etc. are cases mostly experienced by the people around the project site.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Disease cases generally happen during transitional season, both from dry to wet seasons and vice versa. Periods of March April and
October November are periods vulnerable to diseases, namely Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (March April) and diarrhea (October November). During dry season, disease cases are mostly related to digestion system (diarrhea, dysentery, diarrhea and vomiting, etc.) and dermatitis. All these are due to behavior of the people with high
mobility so that they are susceptible to diseases caused by dust and clean water coming from untreated raw water. Disturbance to digestion system is also often experienced by this type of villagers. Disease vectors found in the sample villages are mosquito, rat and fly. The presence of those vectors is not considered as disturbance by the people, although where mosquito vector is found, there is malaria case and where fly vector is found, there diarrhea and dysentery cases. Anticipation / prevention of mosquito bite is done by using mosquito essence (coil and spray), using mosquito net or making camp fire at night. Such anticipative measures are only undertaken by a small part of the people. No eradicating measures have been taken to rat and fly. Table 5.65 Dominant Types of Diseases and Total Number of Patients Visits
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Sources: * * *
Profile of Toili Public Health Center, December 2005 Profile of Batui Public Health Center, December 2005 Profile of Kintom Public Health Center, December 2005 = = = = = = Type of Disease Total Number of Patients Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Colon Infection Mouth Cavity Accident Ear Total Otot dan Jaringan = Penyakit Kulit Mata Penyakit Diare Asma = = = = Muscles and Tissues Dermatitis Eye Diarrhea Asthma Puskesmas = Public Health Center
Notes: Jenis Penyakit ISPA Rongga Mulut Kecelakaan Telinga Jumlah
Jumlah Penderita = Infeksi pada Usus =
Tekanan Darah Tinggi = Hypertension
5.4.3
Childrens Nutrition Condition Childrens nutrition condition is closely related to eating pattern and food sources which contain nutritious value, such as carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, etc. Data from Toili, Kintom, and Batui Public
Health Centers illustrate that no cases of toddlers with malnutrition have been found. Almost 97% of babies have sufficiently good nutrition status while the remaining 2% are under nourished and 1% are over nourished. No
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION malnutrition cases have been found because Toili and Batui are the rice barns and located near the beaches which produce fish.
5.4.4
Health Facilities and Medical Personnel Health facilities are already available in the study sub-districts around the project site, consisting of Public Health Centers, Supporting Public Health Centers, doctors, paramedics, midwives and trained dukun bayi (traditional birth attendants). Total number of health facilities available in the study location can be seen in Table 5.66.
Table 5.66
Total Number of Health Facilities in the Study Location
Sources: * * *
Kintom Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005 Batui Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005 Toili Sub-district in Figures 2004, Central Agency for Statistics, May 2005
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Remarks: * * PKM / Puskesmas = Pustu = = = = = Public Health Center Supporting Public Health Center Desa Tenaga Kesehatan Toko Obat Dukun Bayi = = = = = = Village Medical Personnel Drugstore Traditional Birth Attendant
Notes: Kecamatan Jenis Fasilitas Apotik Bidan
Sub-district Type of Facility Pharmacy Midwife
Jumlah Rata-rata untuk Kecamatan Studi Jumlah Rata-rata untuk Desa Studi
Average Total Number for Study Sub-district Average Total Number for Study Village
Public health service activities are done by Puskesmas which is supported by general practitioners, paramedics, and midwives. In addition to medication service by medical personnel and paramedics, some villagers also use the service of indigenous medical practitioner (dukun), not only to cure diseases, but also to help in the labor. For mild diseases (headache, influenza, cold, etc.) the villagers commonly rely on medicines available in the market.
5.5
Environment Baseline based on Alternatives 5.5.1 Around the 4 Flow Line and 8 Trunk Line Channels Environment baseline based on alternatives around the 4 Flow Line and 8 Trunk Line Channels is detailed in Table 5.67.
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Table 5.67 Environment Baseline according to Alternatives around the 4 Flow Line and 8 Trunk Line Channels Environmental No. Component I 1. GEOPHYSICS CHEMISTRY Air Quality Measuring of air quality in the Measuring of air quality in the study location shows recorded SO2 of 0.85 g/Nm3, with quality standard of 365 g/Nm3; study location shows recorded SO2 of 0.85 g/Nm3, with quality standard of 365 g/Nm3; Alt #1 Alt #2 4 Flow Line and 8 Trunk Line Channels
NO2 is recorded at 1.18 g/Nm3 NO2 is recorded at 1.18 g/Nm3 with quality standard of 150 g/Nm3; with quality standard of 150 g/Nm3;
H2S is recorded at 0.84 g/Nm3 H2S is recorded at 0.84 g/Nm3 with quality standard of 30.36 g/Nm3 and Hk is recorded at 1.1 g/Nm3, which is still below the quality standard of 160 g/Nm3. with quality standard of 30.36 g/Nm3 and Hk is recorded at 1.1 g/Nm3, which is still below the quality standard of 160 g/Nm3.
Measuring in Senoro 2 shows a Measuring in Sinorang Village shows result which is still below the quality a result which is still below the quality standard. 2. Noise standard.
Noise measuring result in Senoro 2 Noise measuring result in Sinorang shows a result of around 48.1 51.2 Village shows a result of around 48.1 dBA, which is still below the quality 51.2 dBA, which is still below the standard for noise (55 dBA for quality standard for noise (55 dBA for residential and settlement areas). residential and settlement areas).
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3. Topography physiography and Slope is classified as flat slightly Slope is classified as flat slightly sloping (0 8%) with physiography of sloping (0 8%) in Mulyohardjo alluvial flat land to marine flat land Village and around Well 2 (S2) up to and back swamp at the estuary of rather steep steep (>15%) at Bangkiriang River. Bangkiriang TSMS and Gori-gori Village. Physiography is classified as alluvial flat land to hills and
mountains. 4. Morphology The morphology consists of hills with weakly undulating relief, and some consists of flat land. Flow line will pass Bangkiriang area and the morphology generally has undulating relief. The flow line is on the altitude of 2-6 m and inclinity of 5-15%. In area with undulating morphology, morphology or topographic relief is an impeding factor in that line, because with morphologic condition like the one in that line particularly can be the trigger of geological hazard, such as slide. Flat land area will not become a hampering factor. 5. Rock Physical and technical properties of rocks that are still fresh will not become hampering factors because
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the rocks are compact and hard. Flat land area formed by alluvial or clay is usually solid, clay stone is not indicated for any expanding and swelling properties, so that the existence of gas pipe will not be affected. Weathering of
conglomerate sediment rocks at the slope with thick soil will cause soil movement. 6. Ground Water Ground water in the flow line is the water source used by the villagers to meet their daily need for water, namely from dug wells, with various depths. In flat land area, ground
water depths are from 2.5 to 5 m with water debit of < 5 l / second, such as in Sinorang, Mulyoharjo and Gori-gori Villages. 7. Geological Hazard: Soil Movement Included in low soil movement vulnerability zone, while geological hazard potential to happen and disturb the pipeline plan in this flow line is land and rock slide, whose triggering factors are the rather steep topography with slope angle of 5-
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15% and earthquake because the area is part of active earthquake zone. Rock technical quality factor which can cause soil movement is weathering of conglomerates in contact with weathering of tufaceous sandstone. 8. Drainage system, In rice field area there are irrigation In rice field area there are irrigation facilities with technical to simple facilities with technical to simple construction. Very few swamp areas construction. are found around well 4 (S4). In hilly area no
irrigation and debit
permanent water flow or natural drainage has been found.
9.
Water Quality
Baseline condition of river water Alternative #1 is pipe installation quality at Alternative #2 (relatively where the part is relatively more to more to the downstream part) in river downstream or the upper part of general seems to be relatively as the road. River water quality based good as the condition at Alternative on observation result shows good #1. Almost all measured parameters condition, as almost all measured give lower values than water river parameters give lower values than quality standards (Government water river quality standards
Regulation No. 82 / 2001) except for (Government Regulation No. 82 / BOD and zinc parameters. 2001) except for COD and zinc parameters. II 1. BIOLOGY Vegetation Type of vegetation found is Type of vegetation is low land rain
mangrove forest which spans along forest. The majority of this area is ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi 159
Bangkiriang River. According to the dry land and land that can be flooded ecosystem, the distribution of at any time. Analysis result shows
mangrove vegetation is from the that this vegetation is association of coast line up to the upstream of the Nyaton Penjalinan, where Nyatoh river, with species distribution is species is the dominant species. In generally dominated by Rhizophora this analysis, there are 31 species of sp. tree stage, 31 species of pole stage, and 15 species of seedling stage. Result of vegetation analysis
conducted to shrubs shows that there are 22 shrub species. This type of vegetation is dominated by reed species with INP of 59.74% and diversity index of 2.85. 2. Wild Fauna Wild animal species found are, among others, mammals (pig, fruit eating bat, and bat), primates (long tailed ape), birds (hornbill, pigeon, parrot, and maleo). 3. Aquatic Biota River plankton community is Plankton community is dominated relatively balanced and stable; A few benthos; A few fish species. by Bacillariophyceae class; A few benthos on the beach; A few fish species; No coral reef is found.
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III 1. SOCIAL ECONOMY CULTURE Demography Impacted Villages Population No. (People) Total area (km2) Population (people/ km2) 2. Social Economy Land use Livelihood Transportation 3. Social Culture Ethnic groups Public perception Saluan, Taa, Bugis Java, Bali Rice field, cacao plantation Farmer, fisherman Land: car, motorbike; Sea: boat Rice field, oil palm plantation Farmer Land: car, motorbike Toili, Saluan (Moilong Quarter) 4,477 172.42 density 26 Slametharjo 2,922 8.00 365
Small part of the respondents refuses Accepting project activity. the activity.
5.5.2
Around the 24 Gas Transmission Line Environment baseline according to alternatives around the 24 Gas Transmission Line is shown in Table 5.68.
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Table 5.67 Environment Baseline according to Alternatives around the 4 Flow Line and 8 Trunk Line Channels Environmental No. Component I 1. GEOPHYSICS CHEMISTRY Air Quality Measuring of air quality in the Measuring of air quality in the study location shows recorded SO2 of 28.5 g/Nm3, with quality standard of 365 g/Nm3; study location shows recorded SO2 of 1.31 g/Nm3, with quality standard of 365 g/Nm3; Alt #1 Alt #2 24 Gas Transmission Line
NO2 is recorded at 6.97 g/Nm3 NO2 is recorded at 2.6 g/Nm3 with quality standard of 150 g/Nm3; with quality standard of 150 g/Nm3;
H2S is recorded at 3.64 g/Nm3 H2S is recorded at 5.80 g/Nm3 with quality standard of 30.36 g/Nm3, Hk is recorded at 3.7 g/Nm3, which is still below the quality standard of 160 g/Nm3, and CO is recorded at 3.75 g/Nm3 which is below the quality standard of 10,000 g/Nm3. with quality standard of 30.36 g/Nm3, Hk is recorded at 1.6 g/Nm3, which is still below the quality standard of 160 g/Nm3, and CO is recorded at 3.75 g/Nm3 which is below the quality standard of 10,000 g/Nm3.
Measuring in Tangkiang Village Measuring in Nonong Village shows shows a result which is still below the a result which is still below the quality quality standard. 2. Noise standard.
Noise measuring result in Tangkiang Noise measuring result in Sinorang Village shows a result of around 50.8 Village shows a result around 48.1
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51.7 dBA, which is still below the 51.2 dBA, which is still below the quality standard for noise (55 dBA for quality standard for noise (55 dBA for residential and settlement areas). 3. Topography physiography residential and settlement areas).
and Slope is classified as flat slightly Slope is classified as flat slightly sloping (0 8%) with physiography of sloping (0 8%) almost along the alluvial flat land in some villages in transmission pipeline because it Kintom Sub-district and in the rice passes rice field areas with alluvial field area in Bakung Village, Batui flat land physiography. Sub-district, to to rather steep steep (>15%) with undulating hilly physiography along the transmission line and the remaining spans up to Sales Point (Tangkiang)..
4.
Geology Pipeline Batui)
along (Padang
the Hilly geomorphology is found in The morphology of South alternative the North part of the pipeline, of Batui Balantak line is coastal namely padang Village to Batui land formed by coastal alluvial rocks, line, which consists of hills with namely clay and fine sand and undulating to hilly relief, especially relatively thick soil up to 3 m. Land in Tangkiang, Kalolos and Uso use consists of settlement area, rice Villages, while the small part is flat field, coconut plantation, and mixed land, namely Padang, Lamo and garden / plantation. In this
A. Morphology
Uso Villages. Geomorphology of morphology, ground water is at the this line is on the altitude of 10 depths of 1.5 to 3 m with debit of > 5 44 m above the sea level, with l / second. With regard to
height difference of >12 m, slope morphology, this line does not have of 2 30%, with land use is any inhibitors for pipeline installation.
163
dominated with mixed garden / plantation; Morphological or topographic
relief facto is an impeding factor in this line, because condition such will
morphological
become a trigger of geological hazard, such as slide. B. Rock Physical and technical properties of Physical and technical properties of rocks in this line will not become rocks that are still fresh will not hampering factors because the rocks become hampering factors because are compact and hard, especially in the rocks are compact and hard. Flat hilly area. Flat land area formed by land area formed by alluvial or clay is alluvial or clay is usually solid, clay usually solid, clay stone is not stone is not indicated for any indicated for any expanding and expanding and swelling properties, swelling properties, so that the so the existence of gas pipe will not existence of gas pipe will not be be affected. Rock dispersion form affected. Weathering of sediment
especially in reef lime stone which rocks and thick soil will cause soil can be an inhibitor is block. C. Ground Water subsidence.
Included in area where available Ground water in this line is the water ground water is of medium source used by the villagers to meet
productivity.
Ground water in this their daily need for water, namely
line is the water source used by the from dug wells, with various depths. villagers to meet their daily need for In flat land area, ground water depths water, namely from dug wells, with are from 1.5 to 3 m with water debit ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi
164
various depths. In flat land area, of < 2 l / second, such as in Maseng,
ground water depths are from 2 to 3 Bakung, and Batui Villages. m with water debit of < 5 l / second, such as in Padang and Uso Villages. In hilly area the depth reaches 10 m, especially in sand stone unit, such as in Batui Village, while in lime stone unit no wells have been found. Aquifer system in this area consists of 2 systems, namely: 1) Carbonate rock aquifer (carstic) with cracked medium system; and 2) sediment rock aquifer with inter-granule space medium. D. Geological Hazard: Soil Movement Included in low and medium soil Included in very low soil movement movement Geological vulnerability hazard zones. vulnerability zones. No geological
potential
to hazard potential is found which will
happen and disturb the pipeline plan disturb gas pipeline in this line. in this transmission line is rock slide and rock fall, whose triggering factors are the rather steep topography with slope angle of 30%. Rock technical quality factor which can cause soil movement is reef lime stone block, whose size varies from 10 cm to 1 m, namely in Kalolos Village.
165
2. Geology Pipeline Balantak) A. Morphology along (Batui the The morphology of Batui Balantak track which passes South alternative is flat land and weakly undulating hills with soft and commonly slightly steep slope. This track is on the altitude of 5 26 m with slope of 2 15%. Land use is dominated with rice fields and some other parts are dominated with coconut plantation and mixed garden/plantation. B. Rock Physical and technical properties of rocks in this line that are still fresh will not become hampering factors because the rocks are compact and hard. Flat land area formed by
alluvial or clay is usually solid, clay stone is not indicated for any expanding and swelling properties, so the existence of gas pipe will not be affected. Weathering of
conglomerate sediment rocks with thick soil will cause soil movement. C. Ground Water Ground water in this line is the water source used by the villagers to meet their daily need for water, namely from dug wells, with various depths.
166
In flat land area, ground water depths are from 2.5 to 7 m with water debit of < 2 l / second, such as in Bakung and Maseng Villages. In hilly area the depth reaches 7 m, especially in sand stone unit, such as in Kayowa Village. D. Geological Hazard: Soil Movement Included in low and medium soil movement Geological vulnerability hazard zones. to
potential
happen and disturb the pipeline plan in this line is land and rock slide, whose triggering factors are the rather steep topography with slope angle of 15-30%. Fault and
earthquake because the area is part of active earthquake zone. Rock
technical quality factor which can cause soil movement is weathering of conglomerates in contact with weathering of tufaceous sandstone. 3. Aquatic Biota River plankton community is River plankton community is relatively balanced and stable; A few benthos; A few fish species. relatively balanced and stable; A few benthos; A few fish species.
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II 1. SOCIAL ECONOMY CULTURE Demography Impacted Villages Bone Balantak, Masing, Nonong, Bone Balantak, Masing, Nonong, Sisipan, Tolando, Balantang (the Sisipan, Tolando, Balantang (the North part of the Road) Population No. (People) Total area (km2) Population (people/ km2) 2. Social Economy Land use Livelihood Transportation 3. Social Culture Ethnic groups Public perception Taa, Batui, Saluan, Bugis Accepting project activity. Taa, Batui, Saluan, Bugis Accepting project activity. Rice field, plantation Farmer Land: car, motorbike Rice field, plantation, residential area Farmer, fisherman Land: car, motorbike; Sea: boat 9,116 294.63 density 31 East part of the Road) 9,116 294.63 31
5.5.3
Around CPF Facilities Environment baseline according to alternatives around CPF facilities is shown in Table 5.69.
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Table 5.69 Environment Baseline according to Alternatives around CPF Facilities CPF Facilities Alt #1 Alt #2
Environmental No. Component I 1. GEOPHYSICS CHEMISTRY Air Quality
Measuring of air quality in the study Measuring of air quality in the study location shows recorded H2S of 0.84 location shows recorded SO2 of 0.73 g/Nm3, with quality standard of g/Nm3, with quality standard of 365 30.36 g/Nm3. g/Nm3;
Measuring in Senoro 1 shows a NO2 is recorded at 1.18 g/Nm3 with result which is still below the quality quality standard of 150 g/Nm3; standard. H2S is recorded at 0.84 g/Nm3 with quality standard of 30.36 g/Nm3, Hk is recorded at 1.1 g/Nm3, which is still below the quality standard of 160 g/Nm3. Measuring in Senoro 2 shows a result which is still below the quality standard. 2. Noise Noise measuring result in Senoro 1 Noise measuring result in Senoro 2 shows a result of around 49.8 51.4 shows a result around 48.1 51.2 dBA, which is still below the quality dBA, which is still below the quality standard for noise (55 dBA for standard for noise (55 dBA for residential and settlement areas). 3. Water Quality residential and settlement areas).
Area is near public settlement area, Well water quality is generally still so that information on villagers well good based on temperature, turbidity,
169
water quality is required. The pH, dissolved oxygen, total betel
locations of alternatives #1 and #2 lime, sulfide, chloride, nitrate, TPH, have are close to each other; hence, and heavy the metals values parameters, of those
well water sampling is only done whereas
based on representation, namely in parameters are still below the quality Alternative #2. standard for clean water (Regulation of Health Minister No. 416/1990). II 1. 2. 3. II 1. BIOLOGY Vegetation Wild Fauna Aquatic Biota Rice field, mixed garden / plantation Rice field, mixed garden / plantation -
SOCIAL ECONOMY CULTURE Demography Impacted Village Population No. (People) Total area (km2) Population (people/ km2) Sinorang 3,609 122.36 density 29 Sinorang 3,609 122.36 29
2.
Social Economy Land use Rice field, mixed garden / plantation Rice field, mixed garden / plantation, near fishermens settlement area Livelihood Transportation Farmer, fisherman Land: car, motorbike; Sea: boat Farmer, fisherman Land: car, motorbike; Sea: boat
170
3. Social Culture Ethnic groups Public perception Saluan, Bugis Accepting project activity. Saluan, Bugis Accepting project activity.
5.5.4
Around the 8 Condensate Channel and Shipping Jetty Environment baseline according to alternatives around the 8 Condensate Channel and Shipping Jetty is shown in Table 5.70.
Table 5.70
Environment Baseline according to Alternatives around the 8 Condensate Channel and Shipping Jetty
Environmental No. Component I 1. 2. 3. GEOPHYSICS CHEMISTRY Air Quality Noise Water Quality Alt #1
8 Condensate Channel and Shipping Jetty Alt #2 Alt #3
Alternative #1 is a coastal Observation in Alternative Physically,
the
waters
area in Nonong Village. #2 (Senoro 1) on physical area shows a condition Water quality condition parameters, e.g. similar to Alternative #3 Similarly, chemical
basically shows equally temperature, turbidity, and (Senoro 4). good result, based on TSS, shows that the measured physical (temperature,
parameters condition of waters is still parameters, e.g. salinity, turbidity, good. Results of pH, dissolved oxygen,
and TSS) and chemical observation on chemical sulfide, ammonia, oil and ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi 171
parameters (salinity, pH, parameters vary. dissolved oxygen The fat, show a value which is
and values of salinity, pH, still below sea water oxygen and quality standard for
BOD, ammonia, oil and dissolved
fat, phenol, and heavy BOD, sulfide, ammonia, marine metals, e.g.
organisms
copper, oil and fat are still good; (Decree of Environment
cadmium, lead, zinc, and but the parameters of Minister No. 51 / 2004). nickel). some several Yet, there are nitrate, phenol, and heavy On the other hand, nitrate, differences in metals, e.g. copper, phenol and heavy metals
chemical cadmium, lead, zinc, and (copper, cadmium, lead, and nickel)
parameters, i.e. sulfide nickel) show values which zinc, concentration which
is have exceeded sea water parameters show a value standard for which has exceeded sea
relatively high and nitrate quality concentration which is marine
organisms water quality standard.
relatively lower than sea (Decree of Environment water quality standard for Minister No. 51 / 2004). marine organisms
(Decree of Environment Minister No. 51 / 2004). II 1. 2. 3. BIOLOGY Vegetation Wild Fauna Aquatic Biota Coastal vegetation Coastal vegetation Coastal vegetation -
Plankton community is Plankton community is Plankton community is dominated Bacillariophyceae Class; by dominated Bacillariophyceae Class; by dominated Bacillariophyceae Class; by
A few benthos on the A few benthos on the A few benthos on the ANDAL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi 172
beach; A few fish species; No coral reef. II 1. SOCIAL ECONOMY CULTURE Demography Impacted Villages Population (People) Total area (km2) 61.88 122.36 29 122.36 29 Nonong Sinorang 3,609 Sinorang 3,609 beach; A few fish species; No coral reef. beach; A few fish species; Coral reef available.
No. 1,537
Population density 25 (people/ km2) 2. Social Economy Land use
Rice field, mixed garden / Rice field, mixed garden / Rice field, mixed garden / plantation, fishermens plantation. plantation, relatively close to fishermens settlement area
settlement area, relatively close to fishermens
fishing area. Livelihood Transportation Farmer, fisherman Land: car, motorbike; Sea: boat Farmer, fisherman Land: car, motorbike; Sea: boat Farmer, fisherman Land: car, motorbike; Sea: boat
173
2. Social Culture Ethnic groups Public perception Saluan, Taa, Bugis Small part of Saluan, Bugis the Accepting project activity. Saluan, Bugis Accepting project activity.
respondents refuses the activity.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 6. ESTIMATION OF MAJOR AND SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS
Estimation of major and significant impacts done to each environmental component resulted by the scoping process (in Terms of Reference document) is classified as hypothetically significant impacts. Illustration of the entire estimation of impacts from various activity phases to environmental components is presented in matrix (Table 6.1) and impact flowchart (Picture 6.1). Table 6.1.
Activity Phase 1 Pre-construction Phase Land and crops acquisition Construction Phase * Equipment / material mobilization * Land clearing and preparation * Construction of production facility * Pipe installation * Well drilling Operational Phase * Production process * Production facility maintenance * Gas and condensate delivery Post Operational Phase * Well closure * Dismantling of facilities * Work termination 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 1
Matrix of Major and Significant Impact Estimation

A B C D
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Remarks: A. Geology Physics Chemistry 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Ambient air quality Noise Soil erosion Drainage and irrigation systems Water quality C. Social Economy and Culture 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Job opportunity Business opportunity Accessibility Regional Income Social process Public attitude and Perception B. Biology 1. 2. 3. Vegetation Wild fauna Aquatic biota D. Public Health 1. Public health
Picture 6.1 Flowchart of Significant Impact Estimation

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 6.1 Pre-construction Phase 6.1.1 Social Processes and Public Perception Social processes consist of, among others, associative and
dissociative processes. Social process referred to here emphasizes more on dissociative process, namely social conflict potential caused by land and crops acquisition. For the development of Senoro gas field, a total of 232 Ha land is required. Of that total area, 34 Ha has been acquired, while the remaining 198 Ha has not. Land and crops
acquisition activity is estimated to create (dissociative) social process if no agreement is reached regarding the compensation amount to be received by the villagers. Although agreement has been reached, if the agreement is breached during the payment process, it is potential to create dissociation. Result of interview with land owners whose lands have been acquired for the development well site shows that land acquisition that has taken place brings benefit for land owners. Land compensation money which they have received can be used to buy larger land parcels. From the above condition, almost all respondents expect that their lands will be imposed by project activity. To avoid dissociative potential, villagers also request for the compensation amount to be determined through amicable discussion and the payment to be made directly to land owners. Total number of people to be imposed by the impact is quite significant, namely land owners along the pipeline and CPF, and land owners whose lands are taken for well development.
Total area of impact

4
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION distribution is quite vast, which covers 3 (three) sub-districts and 16 villages in a total area of 232 Ha and a pipeline of 40 km. Positive perception may take place if villagers are satisfied with the acquisition process and the compensation amount which they receive. However, negative perception may also arise if during land acquisition process, no agreement on compensation amount is attained through amicable discussion and if the payment is made through other parties. Based on the above description, land acquisition activity will create significant negative impact, namely dissociation.
6.2 Construction Phase 6.2.1 Soil Chemical-Physical Qualities Changes in soil chemical physical qualities due to activities during pipe installation construction phase, although not obvious, consist of changes in several important soil parameters, namely texture, aggregate stability, organic materials, and soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), especially for soil in slope area. Changes in several soil parameters before and after pipe installation can be seen by comparing soil chemical physical qualities of initial top soil to soil chemical physical qualities of subsoil which will be revealed during and after pipe installation construction (Table 5.62). Changes in soil chemical physical qualities, especially C-organic from 1.48 to
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 1.25%, CEC from 30.15 to 27.42 meq / 100 q, are not obvious or relatively small so that they will not create serious impacts. It can be said that other parameters will not experience obvious changes. Senoro field pipe installation activities, which will be carried out by JOB Pertamina Medco during the construction phase, consist of land preparation, ROW road construction and pipe installation; these activities will create negative but insignificant impact to the component of soil chemical physical qualities, based on several impact criteria, according to the Decree of Head of Environmental Impact Management Agency No. 056 Year 1994, namely impact duration, impact intensity, total number of other environmental components imposed by the impact, impact cumulative quality, and impact reversibility. Also, based on the total number of people imposed by the impact and total area of impact distribution, activities in the construction phase will not create any significant impacts to soil chemical physical qualities. Table 6.2. Comparison of Soil Chemical Physical Qualities of Top Soil and Subsoil
Soil Quality Texture Aggregate Stability C-organic (%) CEC (meq / 100 q) Top Soil Dusty clay Stable 1.48 30.15 Subsoil Clay (rocky) Not too stable 1.25 27.42 Difference Gravel rock appears Easy to slide 0.23 2.73
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION The most upper layer of natural soil profile which has not been eroded and is covered with dense vegetation will not have high organic materials which are usually called manure (horizon A0). The layer
below it is humus (horizon A0) or weathered organic materials so that it is fertile because in addition to N element source, it is also absorption complex of other cation nutrient elements. Furthermore, below horizon A0 mineral layer will be found which is rich in nutrient elements and relatively darker in color (horizon A1) than the layers below it (Picture 5.17). Such profile condition is seen at almost along the pipeline,
except on soil with thin solum (Litosol), namely 25 cm. Such profile condition will not be found on soil whose layers are thin, namely Litosol soil, such as the land across Oil Palm Plantation of PT Kurnia Luwuk Sejati (PT KLS) around Tangkiang Village or Kalolos Village and Buyangge Village. Those insignificant negative mpacts on soil chemical-physical qualities will create secondary impacts to other environmental components, namely water quality and vegetation condition.
6.2.2
Soil Erosion Increase in erosion incurs because of change in land cover along the pipeline and ROW from covered with vegetation (CP = 0.01 0.10) to open with no vegetation (CP = 0.90). This change of land cover
increase CP index in the formula of erosion prediction so that with fixed

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION value of other erosion prediction parameters (R, K and LS factors), the erosion along the ROW will become much higher. Changes in such erosion prediction values are presented in Table 6.3. Erosion speed index at ROW during construction increases sharply, namely from 1,749.7 to 683,463.9 tons / ha / year, thousand times higher than tolerable erosion value (TSL), namely only 10 40 tons / ha / year. Such huge erosion estimation happens in hills area which will be passed by the pipes, namely Tangkiang, Kalolos, Buyangge, Uso, Lamo, Tolando, Bakung, Bone Balantak and Gori-gori (Sinorang) Villages. Soil erosion is limited to areas around the ROW, but the significantly high erosion intensity will create secondary impacts to other components, namely water turbidity and aquatic biota.
Considering that Batui area is generally of rocky subsoil, land stripping must be conducted carefully in order to avoid slides. Table 6.3 Calculation of Erosion Increase Estimation in Sloping Area in the Study Site due to Pipe Installation during Construction Phase
Notes: Penggunaan Lahan Sesudah Alang-alang Belukar Berumput = = = = Land Use After Reed Grassy Shrub Sebelum Belukar Utuh Kebun Campuran = = = Before Whole Shrub Mixed Garden / Plantation
Based on the above description, land clearing and preparation and pipe installation activities during the construction phase will create significant negative impacts to soil erosion, according to the criteria of impact duration, impact intensity, total number of other
environmental components imposed by the impact, impact cumulative quality, and impact reversibility. Meanwhile, based on the total number of people imposed by the impact and total area of impact distribution, activities during the construction phase will not create any significant impacts to soil erosion.
6.2.3
Drainage and Irrigation Systems Trunk line of the pipeline which distributes gas from Senoro Wells #1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 to CPF around Senoro #2 will pass rice field area in Gorigori and Slametharjo Villages. Also the transmission pipeline from
CPF will pass by rice field area in Gori-gori (Sinorang) and Bakung Villages. At construction phase, irrigation system, namely the quartery channel which is not built with permanent cement, of those rice field areas will be disturbed and quartery channel will be cut for as long as 12 meters at the pipeline. Meanwhile, trunk line and transmission
9
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION pipes which pass by secondary and tertiary irrigation channels built permanently will disturb technical irrigation system in Sinorang and Bakung Irrigation Areas, unless it is done using thrustboring technique. During the construction phase, debit of those irrigation channels, particularly quartery channels which will go directly into rice fields will be disturbed; water puddles will be created and spread if the construction is not well anticipated and paddy / rice plants in the field will be disturbed. This condition will become worse during the wet season which may cause siltation of those irrigation channels. According to impact duration, impact intensity, total number of other environmental components imposed by the impact, impact cumulative quality, total area of impact distribution, and impact reversibility, pipe installation activity will create negative impact to the drainage and irrigation systems. Meanwhile, based on the total number of people imposed by the impact, activities during the construction phase will not create any significant impacts to drainage and irrigation system.
6.2.4
Fresh Water Quality During the construction phase, impact happen to fresh water quality is estimated to come from pipe installation activity, which passes several Rivers, such as Batui, Kayowa, Bakung and Sinorang Rivers. This impact can be direct impact of pipe laying down in the river, or indirect impact of pipe installation on land which will cause changes in soil
10
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION quality and soil erosion. Pipe installation in sediment, changes in soil quality, and soil erosion are estimated to increase turbidity in water which will decrease the quality of river waters. Stripped soil is
estimated to enter rivers and create turbidity, which will affect the life of aquatic biota. In addition, rivers in the project site are generally used for domestic activities, such as bathing and washing, so that turbidity will also create impacts to communitys social problem. When pipe installation passes the rivers, technology applied is open cut of river bottom. Open cut of river bottom is in the form of ditch across the river which can cause turbidity. Turbidity caused by digging activity happens due to mixing of river bottom. The total concentration of suspended materials as the cause of turbidity can be determined by the basic characteristics of waters, particularly the size of sediment. Observation survey shows that the basic condition of river waters is generally rocks and sandy; only small part is silt and clay (< 2%). Silt and clay materials are estimated to contribute to water turbidity if they are mixed in the water. Material potential to cause turbidity can also be estimated through the measurement of ditch digging plan (width and depth) for pipes which are connected to river width. Is digging width and depth are assumed at 1 m and 2 m, respectively, (please refer to description of Subchapter 4.52.4) and river width is assumed at 28 m, the volume of stripped material will be 56 m3. Some of the materials are rocks and sand, and only 2% of the materials is fine material, which means that
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION materials that can contribute to suspended materials reach 1.12 m3. By considering that there is a time interval of 3 minutes between stripping and each stripping produces 1.5 m3, in each stripping, suspended material potential to be produced is 0.03 m3 or 69 kg (mud density of 2.3 kg / dm3). Considering that only some of fine materials will be exposed by the water as the cause of turbidity, it is estimated that only 3 kg will enter the waters in each stripping time within the time period of 3 minutes. In flowing river, within 3 minutes with water debit of 0.15 m / second, water volume which mixes with suspended materials is 54 m3 (1 m x 2 m x 0.15 m / sec x 3 minutes). Hence, during stripping, turbidity
concentration at stripping source is estimated to reach 55 mg / l. This turbidity will further be carried by the river flow and distributed in the river. By taking into account turbidity intensity, which is relatively small, it will not create any cumulative impacts and the impacts are reversible over time, and the process will last within a period of approximately 2 hours; hence, it is estimated that the impact of river bottom digging to the river water quality will be insignificant negative. Turbidity may also come from stripped soil due to changes in soil quality and river bank erosion. The estimation detailed in the above Subchapter 6.2.1 shows that land stripping through changes in soil quality will create insignificant negative impact to water quality. However, changes to soil physical surface may have caused erosion, particularly in area around the ROW. In areas near the rivers soil
12
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION erosion will enter the rivers which will significantly contribute to turbidity. Subchapter 6.2.2 shows that this erosion process creates significant impact according to impact intensity, impact duration, impact cumulative quality, and impact reversibility. This shows that while
erosion takes place, erosion is potential to contribute to turbidity. This means that construction activities, especially land preparation, which will create soil erosion, will also cause turbidity. Since the intensity of erosion speed is high, namely up o 683,463.9 tons / ha / year, and it lasts for a long time, it is cumulative and reversible, erosion caused by laying down of pipes will cause significant negative impact to river water quality. This increase in turbidity will lead affect the life of biota and to other aquatic biological processes in the rivers. The affects of activities during the construction phase to fresh water quality are waste water from hydrostatic testing activity, for as much as 12,342 m3. The water used for this activity is from river water and is not given any anticorrosive substance. Hence, chemically waste water from hydrostatic test into the river environment will create insignificant negative impact to river environment.
6.2.5
Sea Water Quality Decrease in sea water quality during the construction phase can be from ditch stripping for laying down of pipes on Bangkiriang coast for as long as 4 km. The digging of parallel ditch foundation on the beach
13
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION is estimated to create impact to turbidity of coastal waters, which will further affect the life of marine biota. Laying down of pipes will be done at the depth of > 13 m, according to the regulation (Decree of Mining and Energy Minister No.
300.K/38/M.PE/1997 regarding Safety of Natural Oil and Gas Transmission Pipes) where pipe laying down should not be done through stripping at the bottom of the sea. Stripping will only be done from coastal border to the sea with a distance of around 50 m and depth of 2 m, so that the actual stripping volume is 400 m3. Stripped soil will be backfilled, so that not so many materials will add to turbidity. Observation on Bangkiriang coastal texture shows that it only contains < 3% of silt and clay. These components are estimated to add to water turbidity. Fine material mixing happens during stripping and
disturbance to stripped material stockpile by current and wave. The total of fine material mixed and becoming part of the suspended materials is 0.03 m3 or 69 kg (mud density of 2.3 kg / dm3), whereas only exposed part will become part of suspended materials, so it is estimated that only 3 kg will enter the waters within 3 minutes in each stripping. Considering the average sea current speed is 0.20 m / second for 3 minutes, the water volume which will mix the suspended is 72 m3 (1 m x 2 m x 0.20 m / sec x 3 minutes). In this case, incurring turbidity in the centre of stripping activity will reach 41.7 mg / l. Such turbidity will further experience spreading in the river carried by the sea current.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Considering the intensity of turbidity which is relatively low, it will not create any cumulative impact and the impact will be reversed over time; hence, it is estimated that the impact of stripping of sea bottom to sea water quality is insignificant negative.
6.2.6
Vegetation Land clearing and preparation activities during the construction phase, consist of tree and shrub cutting and clearing in the project site plan whose total area is according to the needed land allocation. Installation of production transmission pipes from each cluster to CPF will use 8 pipe. Installation of transmission pipes will pass through several types of vegetation. Pipes from Senoro #3 to Senoro #4 will pass through rice fields, mixed gardens / plantation, and beach vegetation; from Senoro #4 to CPF will pass through mixed gardens / plantation. Installation of other transmission pipes is from Senoro #1 to transmission pipeline and so on heading for CPF. From Senoro #5 transmission pipes will also be constructed heading for CPF. Construction of transmission pipes starts from CPF to sales point in (Tangkiang) Kintom using 24 pipes for as long as 40 km. Observation result shows that types of vegetation to be passed through by the transmission pipeline are mixed gardens / plantation, rice fields and shrubs.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Result of vegetation analysis (floristic data) shows that transmission pipeline site consists of mixed gardens / plantation, rice fields, shrubs and beach vegetation. Those areas passed through are mixed
gardens owned by the people in the villages passed through. Analysis on impacts caused by land clearing are specifically related to change in peoples land status from mixed gardens and rice fields to pipeline (ROW). Senoro gas field development and Senoro Kintom gas
piping are estimated to create impacts to cultivation vegetation indicated by ecological functions; those impacts are estimated to be insignificant negative.
6.2.7
Wild Animals Theoretically impacts or disturbances that could happen to wild animals are direct and indirect disturbances. Activity impacted wild animals is clearing of vegetation which is the habitat of wild animals; this impact is direct impact. Impact source estimated to create impacts to wild
animals is gas pipe installation activity, namely clearing of lands for gas pipe installation sites. Placement of pipeline around Bangkiriang Animal Conservation will not directly intersect with the conservation area because the pipes will pass by sea area. According to information on environment baseline, potential habitat for wild animals is natural forest, namely Bangkiriang Animal Conservation
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION area. Since the pipe installation activity will not directly intersect with wild animals habitat, it is estimated that land clearing activity in the construction phase will not create any significant impacts to wild animals.
6.2.8
Aquatic Biota Turbidity as a result of erosion will create impacts to aquatic biota, especially to sedentary benthos. Turbidity can disturb fish respiration process on its gills, but since fish can move, the impact will be minor. Moreover, turbidity is only temporary. Based on impact intensity and duration, as well as total area of impact distribution during the construction phase, the impact is insignificant negative.
6.2.9
Job Opportunity Equipment / material mobilization and demobilization activities will create job opportunity for local people. The need for local workers will be absorbed particularly for porter workers. Land clearing / preparation, facility construction, pipe installation and development well drilling activities will also create job opportunities for local people. Potentially available job opportunities are technicians and casual workers who will handle types of rough work due to their low level of education. The needs for local workers will be absorbed especially for security officers,
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION construction workers, welders, painters, assistants to heavy equipment operators, and probably also skilled workers. To fill those job
opportunities, workers can be recruited from local people if they are available and can meet the qualifications specified the Company / Contractor. Land clearing / preparation, facility construction, pipe installation, and development well drilling activities will require workers, both local and external workers. Based on data from the Office of Manpower of Banggai Regency, in Banggai Regency registered workers are 2,409 people from various levels of education; they are job seekers who are yet to be placed. Although the contribution is not too significant, considering that job opportunity is very rare and difficult, the existence of JOB Pertamina Medco is quite valuable in terms of labor absorption. If recruitment does not involve local workers, dissociation will likely incur in all construction activities. Other component imposed by the impact is peoples income, particularly community whose family members work in those activities. From the 6 criteria of significant impact, total number of people imposed by the impact in those activities is quite significant; total area of impact distribution is quite vast, namely covering the area of Banggai Regency; and impact duration is while construction activities take place,
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION namely around 2 years. Other components imposed by the impact are income increase and positive public perception. Based on the above details, it can be concluded that land clearing / preparation, facility construction, pipe installation, and development well drilling activities have major impacts to the increase in job opportunity and peoples income; hence, the impacts are categorized as significant positive impacts. However, if in the recruitment of
workers, local workers are not given priority, the wage level is not in compliance with the applicable Provincial Minimum Wage standard, and labor recruitment is not allocated proportionally, labor recruitment activity will create significant negative impacts to the occurrence of dissociation, both vertical and horizontal.
6.2.10 Business Opportunity Another impact from equipment / material mobilization, facility construction, and pipe installation activities is the creation of business opportunity for local people. Equipment / material mobilization activity is estimated to open business opportunities, such as transportation service for pipe transportation and crane (to move pipes from the stockpile to pipe transporting trucks or to unload pipes from the trucks) rental service. Land clearing activity opens business opportunities,
such as land clearing contractor and heavy equipment rental service. Facility construction activity is estimated to create business
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION opportunities, such as facility construction contractor and construction material supplier. Pipe installation activity is estimated to create
business opportunities, such as heavy equipment rental service. Those business opportunities can be executed by the local people as long as they meet the requirements specified by JOB Pertamina Medco. The entry of external workers brought by the contractor will surely require places to live. Hence, local people can rent their houses or rooms for those external workers. Other business opportunity
estimated to incur is transportation service for project workers. Other business opportunity will be business activity to fulfill daily needs of the employees / workers, such as restaurants, grocery stores, etc. From the 6 criteria of significant impact, total number of people imposed by the impact in those activities is quite significant; total area of impact distribution is quite vast, namely covering the area of Banggai Regency; and impact duration is while construction activities take place, namely around 2 years. Other components imposed by the impacts are income increase and positive public perception. Based on the above details, it can be concluded that equipment / material mobilization / demobilization, land clearing / preparation, facility construction, pipe installation, and development well drilling activities have major impacts to the increase in business opportunity
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION and peoples income; hence, the impacts are categorized as significant positive.
6.2.11 Accessibility Equipment / material mobilization and demobilization activities which pass by public roads are estimated to increase traffic volume and to cause damages to the roads which will lead to disturbance to street users. Meanwhile, pipe installation activity which trespasses small
streets will also disturb users traffic. Mobilization and demobilization activities have relatively low frequency, namely only 2 trips (= 6 passengers car unit) daily. If compared to the average daily traffic volume of 1,069 passengers car unit, mobilization activity will only contribute as much as 0.56% to traffic density. Pipe installation activity which will pass through village streets is also estimated not to create traffic disturbance because the streets passed through will only be passed by two-wheeled, instead of four-wheeled, vehicles with very low frequency (averagely 1 motorbike per hour). Hence, equipment / material mobilization / demobilization and pipe installation activities will have minor impact of traffic disturbance and the impact can be classified as insignificant negative. On the other side, land clearing activity can increase peoples accessibility because of the roads / streets to be constructed to gas field site and pipeline. It will be easier for villagers to reach farming
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION areas, downtown or economic centers. The streets and pipe ROW which will be constructed during the construction phase will continuously be utilized by the villagers until the operational and post operational phases. But pipe ROW cannot be used by the villagers for transportation route for the safety of the pipes. Hence, the existence of pipe ROW will lead to very minor impact to increase in accessibility. Similarly to the existence of roads / streets to gas field site, whereas the impact is estimated to be minor since the streets have already been there and will only need to be made wider and improved. Hence, land clearing activity for pipeline and streets to the gas field will have minor impact of increase in accessibility, which is categorized as
insignificant positive.
6.2.12 Social Process (Dissociation) a. Equipment / Material Mobilization / Demobilization and Facility Construction Activities Equipment / material mobilization / demobilization activity can also create dissociation in case of traffic disturbances (road damage and traffic accident) due to mobilization activity. Facility
construction activity is estimated to create dissociation in case of noise and air quality decrease which will disturb public comfort. Equipment and material mobilization will pass by village roads in public settlement area, such as Slametharjo (Quarter I), Toili
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION (Quarter I) and Sinorang (Gori-gori, Central SInorang and Pousubuloli) public settlement areas. Settlement areas are
located on the sides of village roads whose condition is still made of soil and sand-rock hardened with width of around 4 meters. In dry season the roads will be dusty, whilst in wet season some places will have water puddles. If heavy equipment passes, it will speed up village road damage. Road dust and damage can lead to dissociation with the surrounding people. Noise created by facility construction activity is estimated to disturb the convenience of Central Sinorang villagers. Production facility construction site is approximately 200 m from that settlement area. With regard to the criteria of significant impact, it can be seen from, among others, the total number of people impacted, which is quite significant, namely around 156 heads of households in Central Sinorang, Gori-gori and Pousubuloli; and impact duration, which will be as long as construction activities take place, namely around 2 years. Based on the above description, only equipment / material mobilization / demobilization and land clearing / preparation activities will have a major impact on the creation of dissociation; hence, it is categorized as significant negative.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION b. Pipe Installation Activity Installation of pipes which pass through the river is estimated to create dissociation if turbidity happens to the river used by the villagers for bathing-washing-toileting. Pipe installation will pass through Sinorang, Kayowa, Bakung, Batui, Omolu, Tangkiang, and Kintom Rivers. Those rivers are used by the villagers for bathing, washing, and toileting. In addition, the pipeline will also pass by the village roads. Those rivers and roads will be dug during pipe installation which will create turbidity in rivers and disturbance to the convenience of village street users. Installation of pipes which pass through irrigation channels is also estimated to create dissociation in case of any disturbances to water channels used to irrigate the rice fields. Besides that,
dissociation might also incur if pipe installation activity does not take into account locally applicable customs and norms. With regard to the criteria of significant impact, it can be seen from, among others, the total number of people impacted, which is quite significant; total area of impact distribution, which is quite vast, namely covering 3 (three) sub-districts and 16 (sixteen) villages; and impact duration, which will be as long as construction activities take place, namely around 2 years.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Based on the above description, pipe installation activity will have a major impact on the creation of dissociation; hence, it is categorized as significant negative.
6.2.13 Disturbance to Fishermens Catch Jetty construction and underwater flowline pipe installation activities are estimated to disturb fishermens livelihood. Concrete piling for the jetty and hole digging and flowline pipe installation which will pass through the sea will create turbidity in sea water. Based on analysis, turbidity distribution during concrete piling will be around 500 m from the activity site, while during pipe hole digging turbidity distribution will be around 700 m. The nearest fishermens catching area from the activity site is in Nonong, which is around 9-10 km from the activity site. Within a distance of around 750 m from
Nonong Beach there are rumpons made of coconut leaves put up by the fishermen as a place for the fish to lay eggs and for fish habitats. Distribution of turbidity due to concrete piling and underwater pipe installation activities will not reach rumpon locations or the nearest fishermens catching area; hence, fishermens livelihood will not be disturbed. In addition, jetty concrete piling and pipe hole digging
activities will take place very quickly, namely around 3 weeks for pipe installation and 1.5 months for concrete piling.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Based on the above description, jetty concrete piling and underwater pipe installation activities will have a minor impact on the disturbance to fishermens catch; hence, it is categorized as insignificant negative.
6.2.14 Public Attitude and Perception All impacts caused by project activities will lead to public attitude and perception, which can be positive and negative. Land clearing and preparation activities can create positive perception if the activities significantly absorb local workers and logging wastes are handled properly so that they will not disturb the esthetics of the surrounding environment; but the perception can be negative if the activities use external workers and logging wastes are disposed recklessly. Since impact distribution area is quite vast, the activities are estimated to affect public perception. Production facility installation activity can lead to negative perception if it creates noise and dust which disturb the villagers; however, the perception can also be
positive, if the activity absorbs local workers and will not create other significant disturbances. Pipe installation activity may lead to negative perception, if disturbance occur at irrigation channel and high turbidity takes place in rivers used for bathing-washing-toileting. Since total
number of people impacted by the impacts is relatively significant and impact distribution area is quite vast, pipe installation activity is estimated to affect public perception.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 6.3 Operational Phase 6.3.1 Ambient Air Quality Change in air quality in the operational phase can be due to gas combustion in the flare. This field activity aims to produce gas so that the amount of gas burnt in the flare is very little, namely 0.02 MMSCFD, which is meant to be for safety purpose only, in case of significant increase in pressure in gas production system. Due to this gas
combustion, almost all hydrocarbons will change to H2O and CO2. H2S concentration in the gas is already very low because H2S in gas has been changed into solid sulfur in the form of sulfur cake during the production process. After desulfurization process, H2S concentration in the gas will become less than 4 ppmv. Gas combustion in the flare will change H2S into SO2. Considering that H2S concentration in the gas combusted is very low and the total amount of gas burnt is also very little, SO2 gas and hydrocarbon emission from the flare will not increase its concentration in the ambient air up to a dangerous level. Hence, impact of gas combustion in the flare at CPF to ambient quality air is insignificant negative.
6.3.2
Noise Noise during the operational phase of gas production comes from the sound of compressor at the CPF. Noise impact estimation uses
production facility noise impact analogy at observation station in Matra

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION field of PT Expan Nusantara South Sumatera. Within a distance of 100 m from the production facility, noise level is averagely 63 dBA. Noise impact estimation in various distances from the production level is presented in Table 6.4. From that impact estimation result, it can be seen that noise level which meets noise level quality standard for settlement and residential areas of 55 dBA is attained within the distance of 250 m from the production facility. The distance between CPF Senoro and the nearest public settlement area (Senorang Village) is around 200 m. Noise within the distance of 200 m from the CPF is estimated to be around 56.9 dBA or above the quality standard of noise for residential and settlement areas. This noise will last for a long Hence,
period, namely while gas production process takes place.
noise impact from gas production operation is significant negative impact which requires management and monitoring. Table 6.4 Estimation of Noise Impact from CPF Senoro #1 (based on Analogy)
No. 1. Distance from Source (meter) 0 (within the production facility location / compressor) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 100 150 200 250 300 63.0 59.5 56.9 55.1 53.5 Noise Level (dBA) 103 105
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 6.3.3 Sea Water Quality The impact of gas field development operational activity in Senoro to sea water quality may incur through produced water disposal. Excessive disposal level, particularly chemical concentration which is not easily degradable, is estimated to reduce the quality of sea water in the coastal area. Information on waste disposal describes the characteristics of chemical substances carried in the waste water, which consist of sulfide, oil and fat, and pH. These chemical compounds in the sea water may affect the life of marine biota. To provide illustration on the impact, disposed waste in sea water is simulated by using SMS software version 8.1. Several constraints in this simulation are that produced water disposal reaches 2000 bpwd, simulation time is 15 days, and the condition of current is generated from tidal data in January for 15 days taken from forecast book by Office of Hydro-Oceanography (Dishidros, 2006). Simulation result
shows that hydrodynamically, the simulation does not give obvious differences from the data on in-situ one-time measuring result. The simulation result on dispersion of pollutants can be seen in Picture 6.2. Pollutant dispersion tends to move to Southwest. Concentration of
50% - 40% is more localized in the radius of 50 100 m. Concentration change is smaller based on next different distances. Change happens very fast to the Northeast, but it takes place slowly to
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION the Southwest. At coastal perpendicular direction, concentration
decrease of 17% is estimated to happen within a distance of 500 m and it will become 12% within a distance of around 1,000 m. This condition will surely be different it goes to the Southwest whereas 12% can become further. Furthermore, if assumed that produced water disposal concentration contains 25 ppm of oil and fat and 0.5 ppm of H2S, estimated concentration based on distance is presented in Table 6.5. Table 6.5 Estimation of H2S and Oil and Fat Concentration in Waste Entering the Sea according to Simulation Result
Component H2S Oil and fat Unit 50 mg / l mg / l 0.25 12.5 Distance from Disposal Pipe (m) 100 0.2 10 500 0.085 4.25 1,000 0.06 3
The above data show that based on its intensity and duration, impact is significant, considering that the process can take place during the operational phase activities, in addition to total area of impact dispersion, impact cumulative quality, and other environmental components imposed by the impact. Therefore, impact of operational activity of gas field development to sea water quality is classified as significant negative (S).
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 6.3.4 Aquatic Biota Decrease in water quality due to production operational process is estimated to create a secondary impact to aquatic biota component. Impact created is negative, but based on impact intensity, impact is classified as insignificant negative.
6.3.5
Job Opportunity Production operational activity requires workers, both skilled and unskilled. This need for workers will open job opportunity for local Additionally,
people, such as administrative worker and office boy.
production facility maintenance activity will create job opportunity, such as janitor, gardener, line checker, etc. The number is relatively small but it lasts as long as the production operation lasts. Although the contribution is not too significant, considering that job opportunity is very rare and difficult, the existence of JOB Pertamina Medco is quite valuable in terms of labor absorption. If recruitment does not involve local workers, dissociation will likely incur in all construction activities. Other component imposed by the impact is increase in peoples income, particularly community whose family members work in those activities.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION From the 6 criteria of significant impact, total number of people imposed by the impact in those activities is relatively small; total area of impact distribution is quite vast, namely covering the area of Banggai Regency; and impact duration is while operational activities take place, namely around 30 years. Other components imposed by the impact are income increase and positive public perception. Based on the above details, it can be concluded that production operational activity have major impacts to the increase in job opportunity and peoples income; hence, the impacts are categorized as significant positive.
6.3.6
Regional Income Operational process activity will produce gas whose sales outcome will contribute to the increase in regional income. Various corporate
responsibilities will increase share in regional income as oil and gas producer. This regional income will be used to develop Banggai
Regency and will last for as long as the company is in operation. Local economy has developed due to multiple effects of the increase in money circulation (employees salary, company expensese, and land compensation money). In addition, the growth of various companies which utilize gas, such as LNG mini plant, methanol, CNG (Compressed Natural Gas), etc. will also increase local economic activities.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION In 2003 mining and excavation sector only contributed 1.21% to the Gross Regional Domestic Product of Banggai Regency. However,
mining and excavation sector in the last few years has continuously grown quite significantly. In 2002 and 2003 mining and excavation sector grew by 4.57% and 5.61%, respectively. The operation of
Senoro Gas Field will allow more contribution from mining and excavation sector. Such income amount is in accordance with laws and regulations on production sharing of natural oil and gas industry between the central government and provincial / regency / city government. With regard to criteria of significant impact, total number of people imposed by the impact in those activities is relatively significant, namely all people of Banggai Regency; total area of impact distribution is quite vast, namely covering the entire area of Banggai Regency; and impact duration is while operational activities take place, namely around 35 years. Based on the above details, it can be concluded that operational process activity has a major impact to the increase in regional revenue, which is categorized as significant positive.
6.3.7
Social Process and Public Perception Production operational activity which causes noise and gas odor (H2S) is estimated to lead to dissociation between the community and the
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION company and a secondary impact to the creation of negative perception. Dissociative process can also incur if the production
process activity does not involve the local people as workers. Gas transmission is also estimated to create impact on the incurrence of public concern about the incurrence of pipe explosion. Based on
interview with the respondents, 21.9% of the respondents express their concern on the incurrence of pipe and production facility explosion. The nearest settlement area (Central Sinorang Quarter) is around 200 meters from the production process location. Based on air quality
analysis, unpleasant odor dispersion within the distance of 200 m will no longer disturb air quality, so it will not disturb the community. However, since the community can very easily protest for any inconvenience they experience, dissociation and negative perception potentials still exist. With regard to criteria of significant impact, the total number of people imposed by the impact is relatively significant, namely people residing in Central Sinorang, i.e. 156 heads of households; and impact duration is while the company is in operation (30 years). Based on the above details, it can be concluded that operational process activity has a significant negative impact, namely the creation of dissociation.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 6.3.8 Public Health Decrease in air quality will have a secondary impact on public health disturbance. The location of production process activity at CPF
Alternative #1 is within a distance of 200 m from the nearest settlement area (Central Sinorang Quarter). Based on air quality analysis, noise level within a distance of 200 m (CPF Alternative #1) still exceeds the quality standard so that it will lead to hearing disturbance. Meanwhile, noise level at CPF Alternative #2, which is around 3,000 m from settlement area, is estimated to disturb public health. With regard to noise source at CPF Alternative #1 air quality management needs to be done in order to prevent public health disturbance. Based on the above description, production process activity will create impact of public health disturbance at CPF Alternative # 1 which is categorized as significant negative impact.
6.4 Post Operational Phase 6.4.1 Business Opportunity Facility dismantling activity will create business opportunities, such as facility dismantling and dismantled material transportation services. This activity will create limited business opportunities, will only last for a short period (< 1 month), and will not require many workers.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Therefore, facility dismantling activity will have minor impact on the creation of business opportunity, which is classified as insignificant positive impact.
6.4.2
Accessibility Ex facility material transportation activity will pass by public roads so that it will increase traffic volume and the incurrence of public road damage. The frequency of ex facility material transportation activity will be very low, namely around 1 trip (one passengers car unit) per day. If compared to traffic volume in baseline, i.e. 1,069 passengers car unit and service level (V/C ratio) which is only 0.35 (A), demobilization activity will only contribute 0.28% to traffic density. From impact
duration, ex facility material transportation activity will only last for a short period (< 1 month). Based on the above description, it can be concluded that transportation activity will have minor impact of traffic disturbance, which is categorized as insignificant negative impact.
6.4.3
Social Process (Dissociation) During post operational phase, activity estimated to be potential to create impact of dissociation is Work Relation Termination (layoff) activity. This is because during the post operational phase there will be
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION layoff, which will affect domestic economy, which consequently will create unexpected new problems. Layoff policy will surely create unrest among the workers, but the Company and the contractor have policies which prevail and must be executed in settling layoff issues. create dissociation. Looking at the above details, layoff activity during post operational phase by the Company and the Contractor is estimated to lead to significant negative impact of public attitude and perception. However, this is still potential to
6.4.4
Public Perception All impacts created by project activities during the post operational phase will lead to public perception, which can be positive or negative.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Facility dismantling activity which will use local contractor and workers can create positive perception. But negative perception may incur if the activity uses external workers and dismantled materials are disposed recklessly. In addition, layoff (Work Relation Termination) process can also create negative perception if not well prepared or if not in compliance with the prevailing manpower regulations. Layoff activity will be done according to applicable manpower regulations by providing all workers entitlements. Hence, facility dismantling and layoff activities will have minor impact of the incurrence of negative perception, which can be categorized as insignificant negative.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 7. EVALUATION OF MAJOR AND SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS
Evaluation of significant impacts is a holistic description on the entire significant impacts (positive and negative) which happen at various activity phases with regard to the existing main issues to analyze feasibility of the environmental aspects. In this impact evaluation analysis will only focus on significant impacts. Furthermore, the result of significant impact evaluation will be used as the basis to prepare Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans (RKL and RPL).
7.1
Evaluation on Major and Significant Impacts The methods used in evaluating major and significant impacts are significant impact evaluation matrix (Table 7.1) and significant impact flow chart (Picture 7.1) accompanied with descriptive details of each impact at each activity phase.
7.1.1 Pre-Construction Phase Land acquisition activity during this phase is estimated to create social process (dissociation) if no agreement is reached on land and crops compensation value to be received by the villagers. Although
agreement is reached, any mistakes in the payment process may create dissatisfaction of the villagers, which is potential to create dissociation.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 7.1.2 Construction Phase Erosion will increase because of change in land cover along the pipeline ROW, namely from closed by vegetation to open with no vegetation. If increase in CP value is from 0.01 0.10 to 0.09, while other parameters (R, K, and LS factors) are assumed to be fixed, erosion along the pipeline ROW is estimated to be higher, namely from around 1,749.7 tons / ha / year to around 683,463.9 tons / ha / year. Tolerable erosion value is only around 10 40 tons / ha / year. Such significantly high intensity will create a serious secondary impact to other environmental components, namely turbidity in water bodies. Turbidity also comes from excavated soil on river bank, especially at rivers with steep river bank. This excavated soil is estimated to enter the river water and create turbidity. High turbidity will affect the life of aquatic biota. In addition, it will also affect domestic activities, such as bathing and washing, which take place at the rivers. During the construction phase, irrigation debit, particularly at quartery channels which go directly into the fields, will be disturbed. Water
puddles will appear and spread out if the construction is not well anticipated, and some of the rice plants in the fields will be disturbed and will even be damaged and die. The condition will worsen if during pipe installation heavy rain falls within a relatively long period, in addition to excessive amount of excavated soil which can spread around the rice fields and will create siltation to the irrigation channel. Hence, land clearing / preparation and pipe installation activities are
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION estimated to create significant negative impacts to soil erosion, river water quality, and drainage and irrigation systems. During this phase, labor to be absorbed will be prioritized for the local people in accordance with the specified requirements and qualifications. Equipment / material mobilization, land clearing / preparation, and pipe installation activities during the construction phase are estimated to create business opportunities for the local people / contractors, namely selling daily needs for project workers, transportation facility and heavy equipment rental services, and supplier of construction materials and catering food materials, as long as they all meet the specified requirements. Although the construction phase takes place within a relatively short period, it is estimated to be highly beneficial for the local people; hence the impact is significant positive. During the construction phase, equipment / material mobilization and demobilization activities will create dissociative impact if they create traffic disturbances (road damage and traffic accident). Additionally, dissociative process can also incur if villagers convenience is disturbed due to noise and decrease in air quality and water quality. This dissociative process will finally lead to the creation of public negative perception.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 7.1.3 Operational Phase H2S concentration in natural gas which comes from the production wells is around 600 ppmv, after being separated at the separator which will be processed at H2S Removal installation into solid sulfur. The total of 0.02 MMSCFD of gas burnt at the flare stack only contains H2S in the flow of 10 ppmv. Meanwhile the quality standard of H2S
disposal into the air is maximum 70 ppmv. Noise which will be created by the processing installation at CPF up to a radius of 350 m is estimated to be 56.1 dBA. Meanwhile, currently the location of public settlement area of Sinorang Village, which is the nearest location from the CPF site plan, is around 200 m; hence, the noise level is still above the quality standard of noise level for settlement and residential areas, i.e. maximum 55 dBA. Produced water as a result of production process is maximum 8,000 BWPD (0.015 m3 / second), after being treated at the Waste Water Treatment Plant, the level of water quality parameter is in accordance with the specified rules and regulations. The volume of waste water to be disposed into the sea water is around 0.025 m3 / second. Based on the above details, it can be concluded that production process activity is estimated to create significant negative impacts on the change in ambient air quality, noise and sea water quality. Gas emission and noise from the processing installation are estimated to create disturbance to public convenience and health within the
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION radius of up to 350 m around the CPF. This can lead to dissociative process. Impact estimated to incur is significant negative. Natural gas production activity in Senoro Field will directly and indirectly stimulate local / regional economic growth, in addition to urge acceleration of equal distribution of development outcomes through increase in regional income obtained from tax and production share of oil and gas producing regions.
7.1.4 Post Operational Phase The post operational phase, namely during layoff process, is estimated to create dissociation. This is because during this phase workers will be reduced, which will further affect domestic economy; hence it will consequently create unexpected new problems. Although the
Company and the contractor have set up applicable terms and conditions to handle layoff issue, it is still potential to create dissociation.
7.2
Environmental Feasibility Assessment Assessment on environmental feasibility aspect of an activity plan is done by considering that the existence of a project will cumulatively provide more advantages (positive impact) than disadvantages. Another thing to be brought up is that the incurring significant impacts can be prevented, minimized and / or resolved through both technological and social approaches.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Based on analysis to various significant impacts estimated to happen due to activities of Senoro Gas Field Development and Gas Pipeline from Senoro to Kintom, in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, it can be concluded that the negative impacts can basically take place, if in the implementation no impact control measures are taken, not only preventive measures prior to impact occurrence, but also measures to overcome the impacts while they are incurring and after they happen. If that can be implemented and formulated under the Environmental Management Plan document, various significant negative impacts estimated to happen will be able to minimize. On the other hand, significant postive impacts estimated to incur also need to be managed so that they can be maximized. Thereby, the plan for the development of Senoro Gas Field and Gas Pipeline from Senoro to Kintom, in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, can be assessed as it has met the aspect of environmental feasibility; hence, the actiity plan can be proceeded.
7.3
Analysis as the Basis for Management To formulate anticipation and handling measures of significant negative impacts and or maximization of siginificant positive impacts, identification of various environmental elements which are vulnerable to those signifincant impacts need to take place before hand. This is meant to facilitate the
formulation of direction and design of effective and efficient management efforts under the Environmental Management Plan document.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION The above-mentioned details are based on the definition or interpretation of sensitive environmental elements, namely elements from environmental element group which is susceptible to fundamental changes due to project activities and can create secondary impacts to other environmental components. Through management of sensitive environmental elements, the secondary significant impacts incurring to the other environmental elements can also be managed, so that public perception to JOB Pertamina Medco E&P Tomori Sulawesi will expectedly become positive. Based on the above, environmental elements classified as sensitive element because they can easily change due to the activities of Senoro Gas Field Development and Gas Piping from Senoro to Kintom in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province are: social process, public attitude and perception, job opportunity, business opportunity, soil erosion, drainage and irrigation systems, water quality, noise and public health against the activity plan.
7.4
Direction of Environmental Management Environmental management needs to be done as a strategy to anticipate and handle significant negative impacts that could possibly happen and various efforts to maximize positive impacts. Priority in environmental management is given to sensitive environmental elements with regard to positive impacts estimated to happen. Such various environmental management efforts /
strategies need to be more accurately and thoroughly designed and outlined under one separate document, namely the Environmental Management Plan
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION (RKL). To measure the success or drawback in environmental management, RKL will be compelemented with Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL). Based on activity phases, the basis of environmental management that needs to be prepared at each activity phase is as follows: Pre-construction Phase * Dissociative process and negative public perception will be managed through amicable discussions with regard to land acquisition and will be coordinated with government officials. Construction Phase Erosion increase, disturbed irrigation, increasing turbidity are managed through topsoil securing measures, construction of ditches on the left and right sides of ROW, replanting with covering vegetation and technical civil measures for ground water and other water conservation after backfilling with topsoil; Management of dissociative process is done by performing soil digging and pipe installation in the rivers at night, installing steel board or plate on village roads dug for pipe holes, speeding up digging and pipe installation processes, undertaking CD programs, holding selamatan (asking for safety and security from the God) prior to pipe installation activity, and coordination with customary institutions and village officials.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Operational Phase The decreasing ambient air quality can be worked out by conducting routine inspection and taking the appropriat prompt measures in case of any disturbances to gas production equipment and management is done by directing what sort of actions that must be taken by the villagers in case of gas leak at CPF or at gas pipes; Increasing noise can be worked out by setting up green lane with narrow interval on the side of CPF area facing the nearest settlement area; Increasing turbidity can be overcome by reducing the concentration of compounds disposed into the river; Management of the incurring social process and increase in contribution share in the regional income can be fulfilled by paying all companys obligations and supporting industries / factories utilizing gas. Post Construction Phase Management of layoff impacts during post operational phase can be done through setting up a layoff program before commencing post operational phase and the layoff process is based on the prevailing terms and conditions, not only in determining layoff system, but also in settling severance payment.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (RKL)
DEVELOPMENT OF SENORO GAS FIELD AND SENORO KINTOM GAS PIPELINE, BANGGAI REGENCY, CENTRAL SULAWESI PROVINCE
Jakarta, November 2006
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN No.: MGMT 462 / XI / 06
The undersigned, Name Position : : M. Indra Kusuma General Manager
as the Officer-in-Charge in the implementation of Environmental Management and Environmental Monitoring of business activity: Activity Name : DEVELOPMENT OF SENORO GAS FIELD AND SENORO KINTOM GAS PIPING BY JOB PERTAMINA SULAWESI Office Address : 18th floor, Bidakara Tower Jl. Jenderal Gatot Subroto Kav. 71 73 Jakarta 12870 Activity Location herewith states: that we have filled in the form of Environmental Management Plan (RKL) and Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL) with the correct and actual information and we
RKL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi 1
MEDCO
E&P
TOMORI
Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION will implement the plans in accordance with the requirements and obligations specified under the Environmental Management Plan (RKL) and Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL). In case of any changes in the project development, we are willing to prepare and make adjustment in accordance with the prevailing regulations. This Statement Letter is made to be used whenever needed. Jakarta, November 2006 JOB PERTAMINA MEDCO E&P TOMORI SULAWESI Signed, stamped and attached with stamp duty of Rp 6,000 M. Indra Kusuma General Manager
RKL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi
PREFACE
The Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro Kintom Gas Pipeline in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, are estimated to create impacts to the environment, not only negative, but also positive. To maximize positive impacts and to minimize negative ones, JOB Pertamina Medco Tomori Sulawesi plans to carry out environmental management as a part of Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL) study. This Environmental Management Plan (RKL) contains environmental management activities for impacts classified as significant impacts. The formulation of Environmental Impact Assessment AMDAL document refers to the Decree of Head of Environmental Impact Management Agency No. 9 Year 2000 regarding the Guidelines for the Formulation of Environmental Impact Assessment.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION We are hopeful that this document will be useful as consideration material in undertaking the entire project activities.
Jakarta, November 2006 JOB PERTAMINA MEDCO E&P TOMORI SULAWESI Signed and stamped M. Indra Kusuma General Manager
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface Table of Contents List of Tables List of Pictures
1.
INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2 Background Objectives and Intensions of the Environmental Management Plan (RKL) 1.3 1.4 Environmental Policy The Use of Environmental Management
2.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT APPROACHES 2.1 2.2 2.3 Technological Approach Social-Economic Approach Institutional Approach
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 3. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 3.1 Pre-Construction Phase 3.1.1 Management of Impact from Land Acquisition on the Incurrence of Dissociation 3.2 Construction Phase 3.2.1 Management of Impact on Soil Erosion 3.2.2 Impact on Drainage and Irrigation Systems 3.2.3 Management of Water Quality Disturbance 3.2.4 Management of Impact from Mobilization / Demobilization, Land Clearing and Preparation, Facility Construction, and Pipe Installation to Job Opportunity and Public Income 3.2.5 Management of Impact from Mobilization / Demobilization, Land Clearing and Preparation, Facility Construction, and Pipe Installation to Business Opportunity 3.2.6 Management of Impact from Equipment / Material Mobilization / Demobilization and Facility Construction to the Incurrence of Dissociation 3.2.7 Management of Impact from Pipe Installation to the Incurrence of Dissociation
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 3.3 Operational Phase 3.3.1 Management of Noise Impact 3.3.2 Management of Water Quality Disturbance 3.3.3 Management of Impact on the Increase in Regional Income 3.3.4 Management of Impact from Operational Process Activities to the Incurrence of Dissociation 3.3.5 Management of Impact from Operational Process Activities to Public Health Disturbance 3.4 Post Operational Phase 3.4.1 Management of Impact on Termination of Work Relation (Layoff) to the Incurrence of Dissociation 4. BIBLIOGRAPHY
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1
Matrix of Environmental Management Plan on the Development of Senoro Kintom Gas Field
LIST OF PICTURES
Picture 3.1 Design of Control Box / Basin and Drop Structure / Rip Rap Picture 3.2 Design of Quartery or Tertiary Channel Picture 3.3 Environmental Management Location Map
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 1. 1.1 PENDAHULUAN Background
PT JOB Pertamina Medco E&P Tomori Sulawesi (JOB Pertamina Medco) plans to undertake development of gas field in Senoro and gas transmission through transmission from Senoro to Kintom, for various needs of industries to be developed in this area, in addition to condensate transmission to lay down and shipping locations in Nonong area. The development of gas field and pipeline requires a total area of 232 Ha. Field development activity consists of drilling of development wells, construction of production facilities and processing stations, as well as installation of pipes for gas and condensate transmission. Production plan from this field is 240 MSCFD
(Million Standard Cubic Feed per Day) of gas and 10,000 BCPD (Barrels Condensate Per Day) of condensate. Gas field development and gas / condensate pipeline are estimated to create significant impacts to several environmental components. JOB Pertamina Medco intends to implement Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL) study. This is in accordance with the commitment to carry out protection to the environment in each activity, in addition to Law No. 23 Year 1997 regarding Environmental Management, Government Regulation No. 27 Year 1999 regarding Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL), and Decree of Environment State Minister No. 17 Year 2001 regarding Type of Business and / or Activity that Must Be Completed with Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL).
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION The outcome of Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL) study basically consists of information on various activity components estimated to create significant impacts (negative and positive), environmental feasibility assessment for the activity plan, and alternative environmental management and monitoring plans to be implemented. In gas field development plan, activities to be carried out in the outline consist of: Permitting and acquisition of 232 Ha of land, equipment and material mobilization, and recruitment of labor for construction and operational phases; Clearing and preparation of land for gas field development, rehabilitation of ex excavation land, labor release, and gas pipeline management. Based on Law No. 23 Year 1997 regarding Environmental Management, Government Regulation No. 27 Year 1999 regarding Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL), and Decree of Environment State Minister No. 17 Year 2001 regarding Type of Business and / or Activity that Must Be Completed with Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL), gas field development activity in Senoro and gas transmission activity through transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom are included as activities compulsory to be completed with Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL), because those activities are potential to create significant impacts to the environment. To prevent or resolve all significant impacts estimated to incur and to maximize continuously the significant positive impacts estimated to incur, various
environmental management efforts need to be designed, namely in the form of

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Environmental Management Plan (RKL) document. This document contains points of direction, principles, criteria or requirements for impact prevention / anticipation / control.
1.2
Objectives and Intensions of Environmental Management Plan (RKL)
The objectives and intensions of Environmental Management Plan (RKL) are to implement laws and regulations on environmental management and to carry out environmentally friendly development policy. objectives of RKL formulation are: To formulate various policy efforts to prevent, handle, and control significant negative environmental impacts and to maximize significant positive environmental impacts, as integrated parts in the implementation of activity plan. To identify parties involved in the implementation, coordination and supervision of environmental management activities in the context of activity plan. To formulate directions for the preparation of Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL) document which will provide feedback information on the success and effectiveness of environmental management activities to be implemented. On a related matter, the specific
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 1.3 Environmental Policy
The activity plan is estimated to create significant and major impacts to the environment. On the other side, this activity is highly needed particularly in the fulfillment of gas in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, and nationally in line with the enhancement of national development. From the perspective of the importance to preserve environmental roles, functions, and benefits, management efforts are needed to be implemented wisely, carefully planned and appropriately controlled. This management effort is meant to minimize impacts to ecosystem
balance and socio-economic-cultural condition of the people around the activity location. Environmental management conducted through various appropriate
policies and actions in order to minimize impacts that will occur. Measures taken through the formulation of the RKL and RPL are expected to result in anticipation and controlling efforts of various negative impacts predicted to take place and to develop positive impacts incurred by gas field development activities for the sake of public welfare. In order to attain those targets, JOB Pertamina Medco as a company that realizes its roles and responsibilities in sustainable national and regional development will do its best to: Comply with all prevailing regulations in environmental management area, both nationally and locally; Continuously carry out improvements in implementing its activities by referring to RKL and RPL;
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Try to cooperate with the local people around the activity area by applying mutual respect, active partnership, and long term commitment.
1.4
The Use of Environmental Management
The uses of RKL formulation for the development of gas field in Senoro and gas transmission through transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom are: * For Project Executor / Implementer: To be used as guidelines in
implementing environmental management programs, so the operational of gas field development in Senoro and gas transmission through transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom can take place environmentally wisely; * For the Government: To be used as information source and guidelines in implementing maintenance, supervision, and preservation of environment found around the area of gas field development in Senoro and gas transmission through transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom; * For the People: To be used as information source to learn and have an understanding on gas field development in Senoro and gas transmission through transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom which will be environmentally friendly, in order to avoid misunderstanding and to establish mutually beneficial cooperation between the Management and the
surrounding people.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 2. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT APPROACHES
Prevention, control and handling measures of negative impacts due to activity plan basically depend on available science and technology, are economically feasible, and can be executed by the Company. Alternative approaches are (1) technology; (2) social economy; and (3) institutional, with environmental management targets are environmental components estimated to be imposed by significant impacts and activities which are the sources of significant impacts. Technological approach provides the kinds and specification of technology used in handling significant impacts. Social, economic and cultural approach explains
impact handling aspects, including intensive and / or non-intensive approach. Institutional approach identifies institutions that are responsible for and have interests in environmental management implementation.
2.1
Technological Approach
In planning environmental management, the main issues that need to be firstly identified are the targets of environmental management so that the management can take place efficiently and effectively, by taking into account latest technological development, particularly technology used for road, railway and river tracks, namely using HDD technology; while for data baseline, inspection uses Intelligent Pigging technology, through the use of MFL (Magnet Flux Leakage) method. Hence, the purposes of management can be attained and the management can provide maximum use for the initiator, government and people.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION With regard to the management of impacts, technological approach will be used on: Management of Impacts due to Gas Field Development Principally, technological approach for management of impacts due to activities will be done to primary / direct impacts. Impacts of noise disturbance Technological approach to be used consists of: * To undertake routine inspection to all production facilities so that they will remain in good condition; * To set up green lane with narrow interval on the side of CPF area facing the nearest settlement area. This activity can use bamboo plant and other tree species with relatively dense leaves, such as evergreen and ketapang. Impacts of Soil Erosion Disturbance Technological approach to be used consists of: * In sloping area, to carry out securing measures on top soil in a safe place, considering that in several places soil solum is very shallow or rocky in the subsoil. * To make ditches on the left and right sides of ROW; this will require further action, namely planting of covering vegetation, such as cover crops or other shrubs.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Impacts of Drainage and Irrigation System Disturbance Technological approach to be used consists of the construction of evading channels or temporary siphon so that the irrigation water can still flow in quartery or tertiary channel. Impact of Water Quality Disturbance Technological approach on water quality disturbance consists of: * Approach used on the incurrence of turbidity is the same with the one used on impact of soil erosion disturbance. * To reduce lead concentration through Waste Water Treatment Installation.
2.2
Social-Economic Approach
Social-economic approach in environmental management on significant impacts estimated to incur will be from the aspects of cost, simplicity / easiness, and social economy. Impacts of Land Acquisition * Land and crops compensation payment process is done through amicable discussion and in accordance with the prevailing regulations between the initiator and land owners in the presence of government officials.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION * Land and crops compensation payment is made directly to land owners with no intermediary in the presence of government officials. * Establishing coordination with customary institutions from the
community whose lands will be released in order to avoid horizontal conflict between villagers who agree on the acquisition and those who disagree. Impact of Labor Recruitment * Labor wage scheme will refer to Banggai Regency Minimum Wage applicable when project is running. * Establishing coordination with customary institutions in order to avoid horizontal conflict among villagers. Impact of Business Opportunity To encourage contractor to prioritize local workers as long as they meet the requirements and qualifications of labor recruitment. Activity Impacts on the Incurrence of Dissociation * * To observe the applicable traffic rules and regulations. To coordinate with authorized officials in the use of village streets that will be passed by. * To set the speed (maximum 20 km / hour) for transporting vehicles when passing by residential areas.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Impacts on Regional Income * To pay all corporate obligations (royalty, retribution, Land and Building Tax, VAT, Income Tax, etc.) in accordance with the prevailing regulations. * To support industries / factories using gas as raw material by transmitting gas to the locations of requiring industries / factories. Impact of Work Relation Termination (Layoff) * To prepare layoff program prior to post operational phase and to base the process on the prevailing regulations, not only in determining the layoff system, but also in the settlement of severance pay.
2.3
Institutional Approach
Institutional approach to be conducted is by undertaking coordination with the related institutions in implementing management of existing impacts. Incurring impacts and related institutions are: Impacts of Erosion, Water Quality, Air Quality and Noise: * Coordination with Provincial Development Planning Agency,
Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, and the Directorate General of Oil and Gas. institutions is when gas has been operated. Supervision from those
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Impacts of Soil Erosion and Drainage System: * Coordination with Office of Irrigation of Banggai Regency, Provincial Development Planning Agency, and Environmental Impact
Management Agency of Banggai Regency.
Supervision from those
institutions needs to be done, particularly during construction of irrigation channels. Impacts of Increase in Job Opportunity and Public Income: * Coordination with Manpower Office at Regency and City levels, especially in regulating local workers. Supervision from those
institutions needs to be done, especially to protect the rights of the workers. Impacts to Regional Income: Institutional approach used consists of: * * Coordination with the Directorate-General of Oil and Gas. Coordination with local government where pipe installation activity takes place, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, and Provincial Development Planning Agency.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 3. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
Environmental management plan to be implemented by PT JOB Pertamina Medco E&P Tomori Sulawesi is prepared based on the type of activities which become the sources of impacts in each environmental components / parameters estimated to be imposed by significant impacts by the activities of gas field development in Senoro and gas transmission through transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom. This is in accordance with the outcome of Environmental Impact Analysis (ANDAL), where management will focus on significant impacts, both negative and positive. To easily attain the objectives of environmental management of various significant impacts, this environmental management plan analysis will consist of: (1) impact source; (2) environmental component to be imposed by significant impact; (3) impact standard; (4) environmental management implementation method; (5) environmental management location; (6) environmental management period; and (7) environmental management funding.
3.1
Pre-Construction Phase 3.1.1 Management of Impacts from Land Acquisition to the Incurrence of Dissociation a. Significant Impact Significant impact estimated to happen is the incurrence of dissociation between land owners and the project implementer.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION b. Impact Source The acquisition of around 220 Ha of land for gas field development, construction of supporting facilities, condensate laydown facilities and jetty, and for pipeline installation. c. Impact Standard * Satisfaction of land owners and cultivators who receive compensation; * No incurrence of dissociation during and after land acquisition. d. Environmental Management Plan Objective To avoid the incurrence of dissociation during and after land acquisition process. e. Environmental Management * Undertaking amicable discussion to determine
compensation value (both land and crops) by involving land owners, head of the neighborhood, head of community, village and sub-district officials, customary institution, and National Agency for Land Affairs. * Land and crops compensation process to be done based on amicable discussion and the prevailing regulations
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION between the initiator and land owners in the presence of government officials. * Payment of land and crops compensation to be made directly to the land owners without intermediary in the presence of government officials. * Undertaking coordination with customary institution of the villagers whose lands are going to be released to avoid horizontal conflicts between villagers who agree on the land acquisition and villagers who disagree. f. Environmental Management Locations Management covers villages imposed by land acquisition, namely Slametharjo, Toili and Moilong (Saluan Village), Sinorang, Bone Balantak, Masing, Nonong, Sisipan, Tolando, Balantang, Lamo, Honbola, and Uso Villages, in addition to Kalolos, Tangkiang, and Padang Villages. g. Environmental Management Period Management is done during land acquisition process with the following period: * Coordination with customary institution and government officials is done before land acquisition takes place.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION h. Environmental Management Funding Environmental management funding will be shouldered by JOB Pertamina Medco. i. Environmental Management Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management
Agency of Banggai Regency, National Agency for Land Affairs of Banggai Regency. * Reporting : Environment Ministry, Environmental
Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, and Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency.
3.2
Construction Phase 3.2.1 Management of Impact of Soil Erosion a. Significant Impact Significant impact of soil erosion happens due to indicative prediction of increase in erosion speed which is highly significant during construction phase, namely around1,749.7 to 683,463.9
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION tons / ha / year (in area with inclinity of > 40% and slope length of > 100 m, for example in Batui area), while the tolerable erosion is 10 40 tons / ha / year. b. Impact Source Almost all activities during the construction phase are the sources of erosion. The most potential activities to create
significant negative impacts to environmental component of soil erosion are land clearing / preparation and pipeline installation activities. c. Impact Standard Standard used for environmental management is soil
sedimentation as a result of erosion around the ROW at the basin or valley, particularly in sloping areas during pipe installation. d. Environmental Management Plan Objective To avoid soil around gas pipeline track to be carried or flown to further places, particularly locations directly heading for body of water, such as river. e. Environmental Management To attain the above objective, the management to be undertaken includes, firstly, securing topsoil in sloping area to a safer place, considering that soil solum is shallow or rocky on
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION subsoil. After gas has been buried and ditches have been
constructed on the left and right sides of the ROW, the next step will be planting of covering vegetation, such as cover crops (for example Calopogonium) or other shrubs which do not have deep rooting (less than 50 cm) and technical civil measures of conservation of soil, water, etc. The technical civil building is gulud terrace and control basin and drop structure (small rip rap) at water channels on the right and left sides of ROW (Picture 3.1). f. Environmental Management Locations Land rehabilitation activity is done along gas pipeline on the ground. g. Environmental Management Period Land rehabilitation activity is done during the construction phase up to six months after the construction phase is completed. h. Environmental Management Funding Environmental management funding will be shouldered by JOB Pertamina Medco. i. Environmental Management Institutions: * Implementing : JOB Pertamina Medco.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION * Supervising : Environmental Impact Management
Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Settlement and Regional Infrastructure of Banggai Regency. * Reporting : Environment Ministry, Environmental
3.2.2 Impact to Drainage and Irrigation Systems a. Significant Impact This gas field development activity will create significant impact to many physical, chemical, and biological environmental components, such as drainage and irrigation systems. b. Impact Source Sources of impact to drainage and irrigation systems are land clearing / preparation and pipeline installation. c. Impact Standard Standard that can be used for environmental management plan is the total area of water puddle around the pipeline or ROW on
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION the fields during pipe installation and passing through tertiary / quartery irrigation channels. d. Environmental Management Plan Objectives To prevent or minimize impacts on the disturbed water supply of irrigation to the fields on the downstream from the channels passed by the pipeline and to minimize damage to existing irrigation channels. e. Environmental Management To attain the above objective, the management to be undertaken includes the construction of evading channel or temporary siphon so that the irrigation water can still flow on the quartery or tertiary channels or irrigation water supply will not be disturbed (Picture 3.2). f. Environmental Management Locations Land rehabilitation activity is done along gas pipeline which passes through or passes by tertiary / quartery irrigation channels. g. Environmental Management Period Management is done until irrigation channel is back to normal, namely to supply water just like before gas pipeline installation takes place during the construction phase.
3.2.3 Management of River Water Quality Disturbance a. Significant Impact Pipe installation activity through rivers will create significant impact to river water quality.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION b. Impact Source Source of impact that can impose impacts to the environment is the secondary impact of pipe installation through rivers, especially in river area with steep river banks. In such condition soil stripping at river bank is needed so that pipe installation can turn naturally to the river bottom. This soil stripping at river bank is estimated to cause erosion, especially during rain. Eroded soil may enter the river so that it will create turbidity in river water. c. Impact Standard Impact standard that can be used for environmental
management plan is the total amount of soil material entering the river water in the form of turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) (Government Regulation No. 32 / 2001). d. Environmental Management Plan Objective To reduce soil erosion level so that it will not enter river water, which may decrease water quality, particularly the turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS). e. Environmental Management Environmental management is done while handling soil erosion.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION f. Environmental Management Locations Pipeline track on Kayowa, Bakung, Sinorang, and Batui Rivers. g. Environmental Management Period Land rehabilitation activity is done along the pipeline until the water quality is back to normal, just like before gas pipeline installation takes place. h. Environmental Management Funding Environmental management funding will be shouldered by JOB Pertamina Medco. i. Environmental Management Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Agency of Impact Banggai Impact Central Ministry, Management Regency, Management Sulawesi, Directorate
Environmental Agency of
Environment
General of Oil and Gas. * Reporting : Environmental Agency of Impact Banggai Impact Central Management Regency, Management Sulawesi,
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Environment Ministry, Directorate
General of Oil and Gas.
3.2.4 Management of Impacts from Mobilization / Demobilization, Land Clearing / Preparation, Facility Construction, and Pipe Installation to Job Opportunity and Public Income a. Significant Impact Significant impact estimated to incur is increase in job opportunity, which will have a secondary impact, i.e. increase in public income. b. Impact Source Equipment / material mobilization / demobilization, land clearing/ preparation, facility construction, pipe installation, and well drilling activities will create job opportunity for the local people. c. Impact Standard Impact standards that can be used are: Total number of workers and composition of local workers that can be absorbed in the project activities during the construction phase for impact of increase in job opportunity, i.e. around 30% from the total workers recruited based on needs.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Regency Minimum Wage which is applicable for workers wages. d. Environmental Management Plan Objective To optimize participation of local workers in Senoro gas field development activity. e. Environmental Management * To absorb local workers based on qualification and competence; * To use Provincial Minimum Wage of Central Sulawesi as reference for waging; * To avoid the incurrence of horizontal conflict between villages by applying social approach, e.g. through customary institution, village officials or neighborhood officials; * To undertake CD programs according to the peoples needs and company ability, and or based on the prevailing regulations. f. Environmental Management Locations Management is done particularly to all villages where land acquisition takes place, namely Slametharjo, Toili and Moilong (Saluan Village) in Toili Sub-district; Sinorang, Bone Balantak,
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Masing, Nonong, Sisipan, Tolando, Balantang, Lamo, Honbola, and Uso Villages in Batui Sub-district; and Kalolos, Tangkiang, and Padang Villages in Kintom Sub-district; and generally to the entire population of Banggai Regency. g. Environmental Management Period Management is done during the construction phase, namely while recruitment process takes place. h. Environmental Management Funding Environmental management funding will be shouldered by JOB Pertamina Medco. i. Environmental Management Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management
Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Manpower of Banggai Regency. * Reporting : Environment Ministry, Directorate
General of Oil and Gas, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 3.2.5 Management of Impacts from Mobilization / Demobilization, Land Clearing / Preparation, Facility Construction, and Pipe Installation to Business Opportunity a. Significant Impact Significant impact estimated to incur is the creation of business opportunity for local people, which will have a secondary impact, i.e. increase in public income. b. Impact Source Equipment / material mobilization / demobilization, land clearing/ preparation, facility construction, pipe installation, and well drilling activities will create business opportunity for the local people. c. Impact Standard Impact standards that can be used are: Total number and type of business opportunities to be performed by the local people. Total number of local workers that can be absorbed in the available business sectors / opportunities. d. Environmental Management Plan Objective To optimize participation of local people and contractor / business actors in increasing business opportunity.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION e. Environmental Management To provide opportunity for local business actors to become partners (of the company) by observing procedures applied by the Company. f. Environmental Management Locations Management is done at the representative office of JOB Pertamina Medco. g. Environmental Management Period Management is done during the construction phase, namely during the selection process for contractors. h. Environmental Management Funding Environmental management funding will be shouldered by JOB Pertamina Medco. i. Environmental Management Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management
Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Manpower of Banggai Regency.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION * Reporting : Environment Ministry, Environmental
Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency.
3.2.6 Management of Impacts from Equipment / Material Mobilization and Demobilization and Facility Construction to the Incurrence of Dissociation a. Significant Impact Significant impact estimated to incur is the creation of dissociation between the villagers with project executor due to decrease in air quality which disturbs public convenience. b. Impact Source Equipment / material mobilization and demobilization activities which pass by the village roads. c. Impact Standard Impact standard is public claim on the disturbance to public convenience. d. Environmental Management Plan Objective To prevent the incurrence of dissociation while equipment / material mobilization and facility construction take place.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION e. Environmental Management * * To observe prevailing traffic regulations. To coordinate with the authorized officials in utilizing the village roads to be passed by. * To regulate speed (maximum 20 km / hour) of transporting vehicles when pass by settlement areas. f. Environmental Management Locations Management is done along the village roads passed by vehicles transporting equipment and materials. g. Environmental Management Period Management is done while equipment / material mobilization and facility construction processes take place. h. Environmental Management Funding Environmental management funding will be shouldered by JOB Pertamina Medco. i. Environmental Management Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management
Agency of Banggai Regency.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION * Reporting : Environment Ministry, Environmental
Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Management Sulawesi. Environmental Agency of Impact Central
3.2.7 Management of Impacts from Pipe Installation Activity to the Incurrence of Dissociation a. Significant Impact Significant impact estimated to incur is the creation of dissociation due to water turbidity in the rivers used for bathing, washing, toileting; disturbance to convenience of village road users; and disturbance to irrigation system. b. Impact Source * Pipe installation activity which trespasses rivers. Pipe
installation will pass by Sinorang, Kayowa, Bakung, Batui, Omolu, Tangkiang, and Kintom Rivers. Those rivers are used by the villagers for their daily needs. * Pipe installation which trespasses village roads. Rivers and village roads will be dug during pipe installation which will create turbidity in river and disturbance to village road users convenience.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION * Pipe installation trespassing irrigation channels is also estimated to create dissociation if any disturbances take place on the water channel used to irrigate the rice fields. c. Impact Standard Impact standard is total number and type of public claims on the disturbance to water source for bathing, washing, and toileting, in addition to disturbance to drainage system. d. Environmental Management Plan Objective To prevent the incurrence of dissociation during pipe installation, which trespasses rivers, village roads, and irrigation channels. e. Environmental Management To carry out persuasive approach to the community by socializing the activity plan, which will pass through irrigation channels, rivers and village roads. f. Environmental Management Locations * Sinorang, Kayowa, Bakung, Batui, Omolu, Tangkiang, and Kintom Rivers. * Roads in Slametharjo, Toili, Moilong (Saluan Village) Villages, Sinorang Village (Sinorang Tenga, Gori-gori, and Pousubuloli Quarters).
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION * Irrigation channels in Slametharjo, Toili, Moilong (Saluan Village) Villages in Toili Sub-district; Sinorang, Bone Balantak, Maisng, Nonong, Sisipan, Tolando, Balantang Villages. g. Environmental Management Period Management is done while pipe installation takes place. h. Environmental Management Funding Environmental management funding will be shouldered by JOB Pertamina Medco. i. Environmental Management Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management
Agency of Banggai Regency. * Reporting : Environment Ministry, Environmental
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 3.3 Operational Phase 3.3.1 Management of Noise Impact a. Significant Impact Due to noise from the sound of gas compressors, noise level in the nearest settlement area, namely Sinorang Village, is estimated to reach 62 dBA or above the quality standard for settlement and residential areas, i.e. 55 dBA. b. Impact Source Noise comes from the sound of gas compressors at CPF Senoro. c. Impact Standard Impact standard is noise quality standard according to the Decree of Environment Minister No. KEP-48/MENLH/11/1996 for settlement and residential areas, namely 55 dBA. d. Environmental Management Plan Objective To maintain noise level in the nearest settlement area from the CPF to be maximum 55 dBA. e. Environmental Management Environmental management is done by setting up green lane with narrow intervals along the side of CPF land / site which
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION faces the nearest settlement area. This can use bamboo
vegetation and other tree species with dense leaves, such as evergreen and ketapang. f. Environmental Management Locations Management is done along the side of the CPF area which borders or faces the settlement area. g. Environmental Management Period Management is done one time for planting of vegetation / green lane to muffle noise from CPF and will be continued with maintenance during the operational phase of gas production at CPF. h. Environmental Management Funding Environmental management funding will be shouldered by JOB Pertamina Medco. i. Environmental Management Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management
Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, Environment Ministry.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION * Reporting : Environmental Impact Management
3.3.2 Management of Disturbance to Sea Water Quality a. Significant Impact Disposal of waste water which can create significant impact to sea water quality. b. Impact Source Source of impact that can create impacts to the environment is the disposal of produced water which contains several chemical compounds, such as oil and H2S. Chemical compound of
produced water entering the water area will create decrease in water quality and affect the life of organisms in the sea waters. c. Impact Standard Chemical compound concentration, especially H2S, oil and fat, as well as phenol from produced water entering the river and sea waters (Decree of Environment Minister No.
42/MENLH/10/1996) and or other applicable regulations.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION d. Environmental Management Plan Objective The objective of environmental management is for the quality of water to be disposed into the water body / environment to meet the quality standard specified by the Government. e. Environmental Management To reduce the concentration of H2S and oil and fat through Waste Water Treatment Facility. f. Environmental Management Locations Management location is at the Waste Water Treatment Facility. g. Environmental Management Period Twice a year by considering the representation of wet and dry seasons while operational phase takes place. h. Environmental Management Funding Environmental management funding will be shouldered by JOB Pertamina Medco. i. Environmental Management Institutions: * Implementing : JOB Pertamina Medco.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION * Supervising : Environmental Agency of Impact Banggai Impact Management Regency, Management
Environmental
Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, Environment Ministry, and Directorate General of Oil and Gas. * Reporting : Environmental Agency of Impact Banggai Impact Management Regency, Management
Environmental
Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, Environment Ministry, and Directorate General of Oil and Gas.
3.3.3 Management of Impact on the Increase in Regional Income a. Significant Impact Significant impact estimated to incur is increase in regional income from oil and gas production result, in addition to other activities related to gas exploration activity. Besides that, the emerging of various companies which utilize gas, such as LNG and methanol mini plants, will also improve local economic activities. b. Impact Source
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Operational activity will produce gas whose sales result will be allocated to the region as royalty and retribution based on the applicable regulations. c. Impact Standard Statistics of regional income from mining sector in Banggai Regency. d. Environmental Management Plan Objective The target of management is social economic component, namely to improve company participation in increasing regional income and Gross Domestic Regional Product from the mining sector. e. Environmental Management * * f. Production improvement and maintenance. Maintaining safety of supply
Environmental Management Locations Impact management location is mining are and gas processing facility in Senoro field.
g.
Environmental Management Period Once a year or according to the prevailing regulations.
h.
Environmental Management Funding

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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Environmental management funding will be shouldered by JOB Pertamina Medco. i. Environmental Management Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Environment Ministry, Environmental
Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Management Environmental Agency of Impact Central
Sulawesi Province, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, and Regional of
Development
Planning
Agency
Banggai Regency. * Reporting : Environment Ministry, Environmental
Sulawesi Province, Directorate General of Oil and Gas.
3.3.4 Management of Impact from the Operational Process Activities to the Creation of Dissociation a. Significant Impact
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Significant impact estimated to incur is the creation of dissociation between the community and the company. b. Impact Source Production process activities creating noise are estimated to create dissociation between the community and the company. Dissociative process can also incur if the production process activities do not involve local people as workers. c. Impact Standard No dissociation incurs. d. Environmental Management Plan Objective To avoid the incurrence of dissociation during the operational process in Senoro field. e. Environmental Management Management is done by managing the primary impact, namely noise. f. Environmental Management Locations Sinorang Village (operational process site), especially Central Sinorang Village.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION g. Environmental Management Period Management is done as long as operational process takes place, whenever there is a claim from the community. h. Environmental Management Funding Environmental management funding will be shouldered by JOB Pertamina Medco. i. Environmental Management Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management
Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Health. * Reporting : Environment Ministry, Environmental
Sulawesi Province.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 3.3.4 Management of Impact from the Production Process Activities to Public Health Disturbance a. Significant Impact Significant impact estimated to incur is public health disturbance to increase in noise. b. Impact Source Production process activities which create noise. c. Impact Standard Total number and type of public claims due to the incurrence of noise. d. Environmental Management Plan Objective To avoid disturbance to public health. e. Environmental Management Management is done to the noise impact sources. f. Environmental Management Locations Sinorang Village, especially Central Sinorang Village. g. Environmental Management Period According to noise management.
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Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Health. * Reporting : Environment Ministry, Environmental
Sulawesi Province.
3.4
Post Operational Phase 3.4.1 Management of Impact from Labor Layoff to the Creation of Dissociation a. Significant Impact Significant impact estimated to incur is the creation of dissociation.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION b. Impact Source Impact source is labor layoff during post operational phase. c. Impact Standard Whether or not there is unrest and claim from the workers imposed by the layoff. d. Environmental Management Plan Objective To minimize the incurrence of dissociation between the company and the workers while layoff process is ongoing. e. Environmental Management To prepare layoff program before the post operational phase starts and to base the process on the prevailing regulations, not only in determining the layoff system, but also in settling the severance payment f. Environmental Management Locations Management is done at the company and contractors offices. g. Environmental Management Period Management is done during the post operational phase.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION h. Environmental Management Funding Environmental management funding will be shouldered by JOB Pertamina Medco. i. Environmental Management Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Central Sulawesi Governor c.q.
Environmental
Impact
Management
Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, Regent of Banggai c.q. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, and Directorate General of Oil and Gas. * Reporting : Central Sulawesi Governor c.q.
Environmental
Impact
Management
Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, Regent of Banggai c.q. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, and Directorate General of Oil and Gas.
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NO. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT A 1. PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE Dissociation Incurrence of dissociation between land owners and the project implementer The acquisition of around 220 Ha of land for gas field development, construction of supporting facilities, condensate laydown facilities and jetty, and for pipeline installation.
Matrix of Environmental Management Plan for the Development of Senoro Gas Field
TYPE OF IMPACT IMPACT SOURCE IMPACT STANDARD MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVE MANAGEMENT PLAN MANAGEMENT LOCATION MANAGEMENT PERIOD ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONS IMPLEMENTING SUPERVISING REPORTING
* Satisfaction of land owners & cultivators who receive compensation; * No incurrence of dissociation during & after land acquisition.
To avoid the incurrence of dissociation during and after land acquisition process.
* Undertaking amicable discussion to determine compensation value (both land and crops) by involving land owners, head of the neighborhood, head of community, village and subdistrict officials, customary institution, and National Agency for Land Affairs. * Land and crops compensation process to be done based on amicable discussion and the prevailing regulations between the initiator and land owners in the presence of government officials. * Payment of land and crops compensation to be made directly to the land owners without intermediary in the presence of government officials. * Undertaking coordination with customary institution of the villagers whose lands are going to be released to avoid horizontal conflicts between villagers who agree on the land acquisition and villagers who disagree.
Slametharjo, Toili and Moilong (Saluan Village), Sinorang, Bone Balantak, Masing, Nonong, Sisipan, Tolando, Balantang, Lamo, Honbola, and Uso Villages, in addition to Kalolos, Tangkiang, and Padang Villages.
Done before land acquisition.
JOB Pertamina Medco.
Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, National Agency for Land Affairs of Banggai Regency.
Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, and Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency.
B. 1. CONSTRUCTION PHASE Soil Erosion Indicative prediction of increase in erosion speed which is highly significant. Land clearing / preparation and pipeline installation activities. Soil sedimentation as a result of erosion around the ROW at the basin or valley, particularly in sloping areas during pipe installation. To avoid soil around gas pipeline track to be carried or flown to further places, particularly locations directly heading for body of water, such as river. * planting of cover crops; * construction of gulud terrace and control basin and drop structure at water channels on the right and left sides of ROW. Gas pipeline. Up to six months after the construction phase is completed. Medco. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Settlement and Regional Infrastructure of Banggai Regency. Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, and Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency. 2. Drainage and Irrigation Systems Disturbed drainage and irrigation systems. Land clearing / preparation and pipeline installation activities. Total area of water puddle around the pipeline / ROW in the fields during pipe installation and intersecting tertiary / quartery irrigation channels. To prevent or minimize impacts on the disturbed water supply of irrigation to the fields on the downstream from the channels passed by the pipeline and to minimize damage to existing irrigation channels. Construction of evading channel or temporary siphon. Along gas pipeline which passes through or passes by tertiary / quartery irrigation channels. Done until irrigation channel is back to normal, namely to supply water just like before gas pipeline installation takes place during the construction phase. JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Settlement and Regional Infrastructure of Banggai Regency. Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, and Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency. 3. Water Quality Incurrence of turbidity in river area. Pipe installation through rivers, especially in river area with steep river banks. Total amount of soil material entering the river water in the form of turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) (Govt Regulation No. 32 / 2001). To reduce soil erosion level so that it will not enter river water, which may decrease water quality, particularly the turbidity & total suspended solids (TSS). Environmental management is done while handling soil erosion. Pipeline track on Kayowa, Bakung, Sinorang, and Batui Rivers. Land rehabilitation activity is done along the pipeline until the water quality is back to normal, just like before gas pipeline installation takes place. JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi, Environment Ministry, Directorate General of Oil and Gas. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi, Environment Ministry, Directorate General of Oil and Gas.
4. Job Opportunity Increase in job opportunity, which will have a secondary impact, i.e. increase in public income. Equipment / material mobilization / demobilization, land clearing/ preparation, facility construction, pipe installation, and well drilling activities will create job opportunity for the local people. Total number of workers and composition of local workers that can be absorbed in the project activities during the construction phase for impact of increase in job opportunity, i.e. around 30% from the total workers recruited based on needs. Regency Minimum Wage which is applicable for workers wages. To optimize participation of local workers in Senoro gas field development activity. * To absorb local workers based on qualification and competence; * To use Provincial Minimum Wage of Central Sulawesi as reference for waging; * To avoid the incurrence of horizontal conflict between villages by applying social approach, e.g. through customary institution, village officials or neighborhood officials; * To undertake CD programs according to the peoples needs and company ability, and or based on the prevailing regulations. 5. Business Opportunity Business opportunity for local people, which will have a secondary impact, i.e. increase in public income. Equipment / material mobilization / demobilization, land clearing / preparation, facility construction, pipe installation, and well drilling activities will create business opportunity for the local people. Total number of local workers that can be absorbed in the available business sectors / opportunities. Total number and type of business opportunities to be performed by the local people. To optimize participation of local people and contractor / business actors in increasing business opportunity. Provide opportunity for local business actors to become partners (of the company) by observing procedures applied by the Company. Representative office of JOB Pertamina Medco. During the construction phase, namely during the selection process for contractors. JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Manpower of Banggai Regency. Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency. All villages where land acquisition takes place and to the entire population of Banggai Regency. During the construction phase, namely while recruitment process takes place. JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Manpower of Banggai Regency. Environment Ministry, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency.
6. Dissociation The incurrence of dissociation between the villagers with project executor due to decrease in air quality which disturbs public convenience. Equipment / material mobilization and demobilization activities which pass by the village roads. Public claims on the disturbance to public convenience. To prevent the incurrence of dissociation while equipment / material mobilization and facility construction take place. * To coordinate with the authorized officials in utilizing the village roads to be passed by. * To regulate speed (maximum 20 km / hour) of transporting vehicles when pass by settlement areas. 7. Dissociation The incurrence of dissociation due to water turbidity in the rivers used for bathing, washing, toileting; disturbance to convenience of village road users; and disturbance to irrigation system. Pipe installation activities trespassing rivers, roads, and irrigation channels. Total number and type of public claims on the disturbance to water source for bathing, washing, and toileting, in addition to disturbance to drainage system. To prevent the incurrence of dissociation during pipe installation, which trespasses rivers, village roads, and irrigation channels. Persuasive approach to the community. Rivers and roads passed by. Done while pipe installation takes place. JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency. * To observe prevailing traffic regulations. Along the village roads passed by vehicles transporting equipment and materials. While equipment / material mobilization and facility construction processes take place. JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency. Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi. Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi. C. 1. OPERATIONAL PHASE Noise Incurrence of noise near the settlement area. The sound of gas compressors at CPF Senoro. Noise quality standard according to the Decree of Environment Minister No. KEP-48/MENLH/11/ 1996 for settlement and residential areas, i.e. 55 dBA. To maintain noise level in the nearest settlement area from the CPF to be maximum 55 dBA. Setting up green lane which borders with settlement area. In settlement area. Done one time for planting of vegetation / green lane to muffle noise from CPF and will be continued with maintenance during the operational phase of gas production at CPF. JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, Environment Ministry. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, Environment Ministry.
2. Water Quality Disturbance to sea water quality. Disposal of produced water which contains several chemical compounds, such as oil and H2S. Chemical compound of produced water entering the water area will create decrease in water quality & affect the life of marine organisms. Chemical compound concentration, especially H2S, oil and fat, as well as phenol from produced water entering the river and sea waters (Decree of Environment Minister No. 42/MENLH/10/ 1996) and or other applicable regulations. For the quality of water to be disposed into the water body / environment to meet the quality standard specified by the Government. To reduce the concentration of H2S and oil and fat through Waste Water Treatment Facility. At Waste Water Treatment Facility. Twice a year by considering the representation of wet and dry seasons while operational phase takes place. JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, Environment Ministry, and Directorate General of Oil and Gas. 3. Regional Income Increase in regional income. Operational activity will produce gas whose sales result will be allocated to the region as royalty and retribution based on the applicable regulations. Statistics of regional income from mining sector in Banggai Regency. To improve company participation in increasing regional income and Gross Domestic Regional Product from the mining sector. * Maintaining safety of supply. * Production improvement and maintenance. Field operational area. Once a year or according to the prevailing regulations. JOB Pertamina Medco. Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, and Regional Development Planning Agency of Banggai Regency. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, Environment Ministry, and Directorate General of Oil and Gas. Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, Directorate General of Oil and Gas.
4. Dissociation The incurrence of dissociation between the community and the company. Production process activities creating noise are estimated to create Dissociative process can also incur if the production process activities do not involve local people as workers. No dissociation incurs. To avoid the incurrence of dissociation during the operational process in Senoro field. Setting up green lane which borders with settlement area. In villages around CPF. As long as operational process takes place, whenever there is a claim from the community. JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Health. Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province. 5. Public Health Disturbance to public health due to increase in noise. Production process activities which create noise. Total number and type of public claims due to the incurrence of noise. To avoid disturbance to public health. Setting up green lane which borders with settlement area. In villages around CPF. According to noise management. JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Health. Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province. D. POST OPERATIONAL PHASE The incurrence of dissociation. Labor layoff during post operational phase. Whether or not there is unrest and claim from the workers imposed by the layoff. To minimize the incurrence of dissociation between the company and the workers while layoff process is ongoing. To prepare layoff program before the post operational phase starts and to base the process on the prevailing regulations, not only in determining the layoff system, but also in settling the severance payment. Management is done at the company and contractors offices. During the post operational phase. JOB Pertamina Medco. Central Sulawesi Governor c.q. Environmental Impact Mgt Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, Regent of Banggai c.q. Environmental Impact Mgt Agency of Banggai Regency, and Directorate General of Oil and Gas. Central Sulawesi Governor c.q. Environmental Impact Mgt Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, Regent of Banggai c.q. Environmental Impact Mgt Agency of Banggai Regency, and Directorate General of Oil and Gas.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN (RPL)
DEVELOPMENT OF SENORO GAS FIELD AND SENORO KINTOM GAS PIPELINE, BANGGAI REGENCY, CENTRAL SULAWESI PROVINCE
Jakarta, November 2006
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION PREFACE The Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro Kintom Gas Pipeline in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, are estimated to create impacts to the environment, not only negative, but also positive. To maximize positive impacts and to minimize negative ones, and to monitor the successful convening of environmental management, JOB Pertamina Medco Tomori Sulawesi plans to carry out environmental monitoring as a part of Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL) study, which is a continuation of environmental management. This Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL) contains environmental monitoring activities on impacts classified as significant impacts. The formulation of Environmental Impact Assessment AMDAL document refers to the Decree of Head of Environmental Impact Management Agency No. 9 Year 2000 regarding the Guidelines for the Formulation of Environmental Impact Assessment. We are hopeful that this document will be useful as consideration material in undertaking the entire project activities.
Jakarta, November 2006 JOB PERTAMINA MEDCO E&P TOMORI SULAWESI Signed and stamped M. Indra Kusuma General Manager
RPL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface Table of Contents
1.
INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2 1.3 Background Objective and Intension of the Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL) The Use of Environmental Monitoring
2.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 2.1 Pre-Construction Phase 2.1.1 Monitoring of Impact from Land Acquisition on Land Possession 2.2 Construction Phase 2.2.1 Monitoring of Impact on Soil Erosion 2.2.2 Monitoring Impact on Drainage and Irrigation Systems 2.2.3 Monitoring of Water Quality
RPL for the Development of Senoro Gas Field and Senoro-Kintom Gas Piping, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. JOB Pertamina Medco E & P Tomori Sulawesi
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 2.2.4 Monitoring of Impact from Mobilization / Demobilization, Land Clearing and Preparation, Facility Construction, and Pipe Installation to Job Opportunity and Public Income 2.2.5 Monitoring of Impact from Mobilization / Demobilization, Land Clearing and Preparation, and Facility Construction to Business Opportunity 2.2.6 Monitoring of Impact from Equipment / Material Mobilization / Demobilization and Facility Construction to the Incurrence of Dissociation 2.2.7 Monitoring of Impact from Pipe Installation to the Incurrence of Dissociation 2.3 Operational Phase 2.3.1 Monitoring of Noise Impact 2.3.2 Monitoring of Impact to Air Quality 2.3.3 Monitoring of Water Quality 2.3.4 Monitoring of Impact from Operational Process Activities to Increase in Regional Income 2.3.5 Monitoring of Impact from Production Process Activities to the Incurrence of Dissociation 2.3.6 Public Health Disturbance
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 2.4 Post Operational Phase 2.4.1 Monitoring of Impact from Termination of Work Relation (Labor Layoff) to the Incurrence of Dissociation 3. BIBLIOGRAPHY
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1
Matrix of Environmental Monitoring Plan on the Development of SenoroKintom Gas Field
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 1. 1.1 Background PENDAHULUAN
PT JOB Pertamina Medco E&P Tomori Sulawesi (JOB Pertamina Medco) plans to undertake development of gas field in Senoro and gas transmission through transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom, for various needs of industries to be developed in this area, in addition to condensate transmission to lay down and shipping locations in Nonong area. The development of gas field and pipeline requires a total area of 232 Ha. Field development activity consists of drilling of development wells, construction of production facilities and processing stations, including installation of pipes for gas and condensate transmission. Production plan from this field is 240 MMSCFD (Million Standard Cubic Feed per Day) of gas and 10,000 BCPD (Barrels Condensate per Day) of condensate. Gas field development and gas / condensate pipeline are estimated to create significant impacts to several environmental components. JOB Pertamina Medco intends to implement Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL) study. This is in accordance with the commitment to carry out protection to the environment in each activity, in addition to Law No. 23 Year 1997 regarding Environmental Management, Government Regulation No. 27 Year 1999 regarding Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL), and Decree of Environment State Minister No. 17 Year 2001 regarding Type of Business and / or Activity that Must Be Completed with Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL).
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION The outcome of Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL) study basically consists of information on various activity components estimated to create significant impacts (negative and positive), environmental feasibility assessment for the activity plan, and alternative environmental management and monitoring plans to be implemented. In gas field development plan, activities to be carried out in the outline consist of: Permitting and acquisition of 232 Ha of land, equipment and material mobilization, and recruitment of labor for construction and operational phases; Clearing and preparation of land for gas field development, rehabilitation of ex excavation land, labor release, and gas pipeline management. Based on Law No. 23 Year 1997 regarding Environmental Management, Government Regulation No. 27 Year 1999 regarding Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL), and Decree of Environment State Minister No. 17 Year 2001 regarding Type of Business and / or Activity that Must Be Completed with Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL), gas field development activity in Senoro and gas transmission activity through transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom are included as activities compulsory to be completed with Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL), because those activities are potential to create significant impacts to the environment. To prevent or resolve all significant impacts estimated to incur and to maximize continuously the significant positive impacts estimated to incur, various environmental management efforts need to be designed, namely in the form of Environmental Management Plan (RKL) document.
This
7
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION document contains points of direction, principles, criteria or requirements for impact prevention / anticipation / control. The management efforts which refer to the above RKL document need to be monitored for their successful and effective implementation. Those monitoring
efforts are specified in a document of Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL) The successful and effective implementation of environmental management is proven by the condition of monitoring indicators or other success criteria specified in RPL document, which can be a proof of compliance and care of PT JOB Pertamina Medco E&P Tomori Sulawesi in environmental management. Additionally, it is also a proof of governments success in implementing environmentally friendly sustainable development as expected by the community.
1.2
Objective and Intension of Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL)
The objective and intension of Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL) in the development of gas field in Senoro and gas transmission through transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom are to implement laws and regulations on environmental management and to carry out environmentally friendly development policy. On a related matter, the specific objectives of Environmental Monitoring Plan are to identify effectiveness of the implemented environmental management efforts, based on directions recommended under the RKL document for the development of gas field in Senoro and gas transmission through transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom.
1.3
The Use of Environmental Monitoring
The uses of RPL formulation for the development of gas field in Senoro and gas transmission through transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom are: * For Project Executor / Implementer: As guidelines in implementing environmental monitoring programs used to evaluate the effectiveness and to follow up the implementation of environmental management; As a data and information source on the effectiveness of environmental management efforts to minimize significant negative impacts and to maximize significant positive impacts as the consequences of the formulation of various policy measures and prevention / anticipation / control measures of significant negative environmental impacts and to optimize significant positive environmental impacts, as an integrated part in the implementation of activities for the development of gas field in Senoro and gas transmission through transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom; As a relevant and accountable data and information source and as a facility of self-defense in environmental cases which are potential to incur. * For the Government: To be used as information source and guidelines in implementing its obligations as a development advisor and supervisor so that
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION gas field development in Senoro and gas transmission through transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom will always refer to the principles of sustainable development; * For the People: As an information source on the implementation of gas field development in Senoro and gas transmission through transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom, which will be environmentally friendly; As an information source and guidelines in undertaking public supervision.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 2. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
Environmental monitoring plan to be implemented by JOB Pertamina Medco is formulated based on activity components / parameters estimated to be the sources of significant impacts and environmental components estimates to be imposed by significant impacts due to the activities of gas field development in Senoro and gas transmission through transmission pipeline from Senoro to Kintom. This is in
compliance with the result of ANDAL study, whereas monitoring will focus on significant impacts, not only negative, but also positive ones, and have gone through management as detailed in RKL document. For easy attainment of environmental monitoring objectives of various significant objectives, this environmental monitoring plan analysis will consist of: (1) impact source; (2) significant impact to be monitored; (3) impact standard; (4) environmental monitoring objective/s; (5) environmental monitoring method; (6) environmental monitoring location; and (7) environmental monitoring period.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 2.1 Pre-Construction Phase 2.1.1 Monitoring of Impact from Land Acquisition to Land Possession / Ownership a. Significant Impact Significant impact estimated to happen is the incurrence of dissociation between land owners and the project implementer. b. Impact Source The acquisition of around 220 Ha of land for gas field development, construction of supporting facilities, condensate laydown facilities and jetty, and for pipeline installation. c. Parameter Monitored Social process, particularly dissociation, during and after land acquisition process. d. Environmental Monitoring Objective To identify efforts undertaken by JOB Pertamina Medco in avoiding the incurrence of dissociation during and after land acquisition process. e. Environmental Monitoring Method Monitoring method is through interviewing land owners imposed by land acquisition, community / customary leaders, village
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION officials, members of communication forum, or public complain center. f. Environmental Monitoring Locations Monitoring is done in all villages where land acquisition takes place, namely Slametharjo, Toili and Moilong (Saluan Village) Villages in Toili Sub-district; Sinorang, Bone Balantak, Masing, Nonong, Sisipan, Tolando, Balantang, Lamo, Honbola, and Uso Villages in Batui Sub-district; and Kalolos, Tangkiang, and Padang Villages in Kintom Sub-district. g. Environmental Monitoring Time and Period Monitoring is done one time after land acquisition process has completed. h. Environmental Monitoring Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management
Agency of Banggai Regency, National Agency for Land Affairs of Banggai Regency. * Reporting : Environment Ministry, Environmental
Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, and Environmental Impact

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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Management Agency of Central
Sulawesi Province.
2.2
Construction Phase 2.2.1 Monitoring of Impact of Soil Erosion a. Significant Impact In the construction phase, Senoro gas field development and Senoro Kintom gas pipeline activities in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi, by JOB Pertamina Medco E&P Tomori Sulawesi will create significant impact of soil erosion (please refer to ANDAL document). b. Impact Source Almost all activities during the construction phase Senoro gas field development and Senoro Kintom gas pipeline activities in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi, by JOB Pertamina Medco E&P Tomori Sulawesi are the sources of fundamental changes to environmental components imposed by significant impacts. Activities which are most potential to create significant negative impacts to the environmental component of soil erosion are land clearing / preparation and pipeline installation.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION c. Parameters Monitored Soil erosion parameters for environmental monitoring are level of cover crop or other types of cover vegetation, and level of sediment at basin or valley or control basin / box. Standards that can be used for environmental monitoring plan are: * * Percentage of coverage by crop cover along the ROW; Quantity and dispersion of soil sediment as a result of erosion around the ROW at basin or valley, particularly in sloping area during pipe installation; * Quantity of soil sediment in control basin / box along water channels in ROW. d. Environmental Monitoring Plan Objective To identify the development of sediment produced by soil erosion as a progress of environmental management effort that has been implemented. e. Environmental Monitoring Method Standard of coverage percentage by crop cover is mapped at certain total area unit, such as 1 m2. As time goes by, coverage percentage must increase so that it will reach more than 75% at the end of the construction phase. Total amount of sediment is
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION measured by calculating the volume of observed sediment, namely the result of multiplication of sediment total area and its average height; sediment distribution is mapped afterwards. As time goes by, total sediment must decrease / become lower until the end of construction phase. f. Environmental Monitoring Location Land rehabilitation activity is done along gas pipeline or ROW, particularly at basin or valley and ditch / trench control basin along the ROW. g. Environmental Monitoring Time and Period Environmental monitoring time for coverage percentage by crop cover along pipeline ROW and level of sedimentation is one year after the revegetation starts. h. Environmental Monitoring Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management
Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, and Environmental

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency.
2.2.2 Monitoring of Impact to Drainage and Irrigation Systems a. Significant Impact In the construction phase, gas field development activity will create significant impact to drainage and irrigation systems (please refer to ANDAL document). b. Impact Source Activities that create significant negative impacts to
environmental components of drainage and irrigation systems are land clearing / preparation and pipeline installation. c. Parameters Monitored Parameters that can be used for environmental monitoring plan are whether or not irrigation function is disturbed and or whether or not flowing smoothness of irrigation channels intersected by pipeline in rice fields during pipe installation by collecting data on whether or not irrigation will be diverted during the construction phase in certain locations.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION d. Environmental Monitoring Objectives To ensure that water supply for irrigation or irrigation channels to rice fields will not be disturbed. e. Environmental Monitoring Method Monitoring is done through field observation method to construction implementation. f. Environmental Monitoring Location Environmental monitoring is done along irrigation channels intersected by gas pipeline and ROW in rice field area. g. Environmental Monitoring Time and Period Monitoring time is at the end of construction phase of pipe installation intersecting irrigation channels. h. Environmental Monitoring Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management
Impact Management Agency of Central

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Sulawesi Province, and Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency.
2.2.3 Monitoring of Water Quality a. Significant Impact Pipe installation activity through rivers will create significant impact to river water quality. b. Impact Source Source of impact that can impose impacts to the environment is the secondary impact of pipe installation passing the rivers, through stripping of river bank, which will create erosion that may enter the river and create turbidity. c. Parameters Monitored Environmental parameters monitored are turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) (Government Regulation No. 32 / 2001). d. Environmental Monitoring Objective To determine level of turbidity and total suspended solids in water areas within the limit specified by the prevailing regulations.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION e. Environmental Monitoring Method Monitoring is done through river water sampling for as much as 1 (one) liter which is further analyzed at the laboratory.
No. 1. 2. Turbidity Suspended Solids Parameter Unit NTU mg / l Method Nephelometric Gravimetric Tool Spectrometer Analytical Balance
f.
Environmental Monitoring Locations Pipeline on Kayowa, Bakung, Sinorang, and Batui Rivers.
g.
Environmental Monitoring Time and Period Monitoring is done along the pipeline after management is done.
h.
Environmental Monitoring Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Agency of Impact Banggai Impact Central Ministry, Management Regency, Management Sulawesi, Directorate
Environment
General of Oil and Gas. * Reporting : Environmental Agency of Impact Banggai Management Regency,
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Environmental Agency of Impact Central Ministry, Management Sulawesi, Directorate
Environment
General of Oil and Gas.
2.2.4 Monitoring of Impacts from Mobilization / Demobilization, Land Clearing / Preparation, Facility Construction, and Pipe Installation to Job Opportunity and Public Income a. Significant Impact Significant impact estimated to incur is increase in job opportunity, which will have a secondary impact, i.e. increase in public income. b. Impact Source Equipment / material mobilization / demobilization, land clearing/ preparation, facility construction, pipe installation, and
development well drilling activities will create job opportunity for the local people. c. Parameters Monitored Parameters that can be used during the construction phase of pipe installation are: Total number of workers that can be absorbed;
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Composition of local workers that can be absorbed; Workers income compared to applicable Regency Minimum Wage. d. Environmental Monitoring Objective To identify efforts taken by JOB Pertamina Medco in the optimization of local workers absorption and the successful implementation of impact management for job opportunity parameter. e. Environmental Monitoring Method Monitoring method will be through observation of secondary data and direct interview with local people working in the construction activities. Interview is also done with personnel
department of JOB Pertamina Medco or the contractor or Office of Manpower and Transmigration of Banggai Regency. f. Environmental Monitoring Locations Monitoring is done at the contractors personnel department (workers camp) and in Slametharjo, Toili and Moilong (Saluan Village) Villages in Toili Sub-district; Sinorang, Bone Balantak, Masing, Nonong, Sisipan, Tolando, Balantang, Lamo, Honbola, and Uso Villages in Batui Sub-district; and Kalolos, Tangkiang, and Padang Villages in Kintom Sub-district.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION g. Environmental Monitoring Time and Period Monitoring is done within the following time and period: * Monitoring of total number of local workers absorbed is done at the end of the construction phase; * Monitoring of Regency Minimum Wage is done while the construction phase is ongoing and every one year. h. Environmental Monitoring Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Environment Ministry, Environmental
Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, and Office of Manpower of Banggai Regency. * Reporting : Environment Ministry, Directorate
General of Oil and Gas, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Management Environmental Agency of Impact Central
Sulawesi Province.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 2.2.5 Monitoring of Impacts from Mobilization / Demobilization, Land Clearing / Preparation, Facility Construction, and Pipe Installation to Business Opportunity a. Significant Impact Significant impact estimated to incur is the creation of business opportunity for local people, which will have a secondary impact, i.e. increase in public income. b. Impact Source Equipment / material mobilization / demobilization, land clearing/ preparation, development facility well construction, drilling activities pipe will installation, create and
business
opportunity for the local people. c. Parameters Monitored Parameters to be used are: Total number and type of available business opportunities to be performed by the local people; Total number of local workers that can be absorbed by available business sectors / opportunities. d. Environmental Monitoring Objective To identify total number and type of business opportunities to be performed by the local people and the total number of local
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION workers that can be absorbed by available business sectors / opportunities. e. Environmental Monitoring Method Monitoring is done through observation of secondary data and interview with local people performing available business opportunities. f. Environmental Monitoring Locations Monitoring is done at the contractors personnel department (workers camp) and in Slametharjo, Toili and Moilong (Saluan Village) Villages in Toili Sub-district; Sinorang, Bone Balantak, Masing, Nonong, Sisipan, Tolando, Balantang, Lamo, Honbola, and Uso Villages in Batui Sub-district; and Kalolos, Tangkiang, and Padang Villages in Kintom Sub-district. g. Environmental Monitoring Time and Period Monitoring is done one time, namely at the end of the construction phase. h. Environmental Monitoring Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Environment Ministry, Environmental
Impact Management Agency of Banggai
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Regency, and Office of Manpower of Banggai Regency. * Reporting : Environment Ministry, Directorate
General of Oil and Gas, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, and Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central
Sulawesi Province.
2.2.6 Monitoring of Impacts from Equipment / Material Mobilization and Demobilization and Facility Construction to the Incurrence of Dissociation a. Significant Impact Significant impact estimated to incur is the creation of dissociation between the villagers with project executor due to decrease in air quality which disturbs public convenience. b. Impact Source Impact sources are equipment / material mobilization and demobilization activities which will pass by the village roads. Facility construction activity is also estimated to cause dissociation if it creates noise and decrease in air quality which will disturb public convenience
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION c. Parameters monitored Parameters used are total number and type of public claims received on the disturbance to public convenience (road damage and road dust) and efforts taken by the initiator in following up those claims. d. Environmental Monitoring Objective To identify efforts taken by the initiator in minimizing the incurrence of dissociation due to equipment / material mobilization and demobilization activities, which will pass by the village roads, and the level of successful implementation of impact management. e. Environmental Monitoring Method Data collection is done through direct interview with road users, village officials and community leaders, especially those who live on the sides of the village roads. f. Environmental Monitoring Locations Monitoring location is along the village roads passed by vehicles transporting equipment and materials, namely roads in
Slametharjo, Toili and Moilong (Saluan Village), and Sinorang (Central Sinorang, Gori-gori and Pousubuloli Quarters) Villages.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION g. Environmental Monitoring Time and Period Monitoring is done one time while heavy equipment / material mobilization activity takes place. h. Environmental Monitoring Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management
Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Transportation. * Reporting : Environment Ministry, Environmental
2.2.7 Monitoring of Impacts from Pipe Installation Activity to the Incurrence of Dissociation a. Significant Impact Significant impact estimated to incur is the creation of dissociation due to water turbidity in the rivers, disturbance to convenience of village road users, and disturbance to irrigation system.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION b. Impact Source * Pipe installation activity which intersects rivers. Pipe
installation will pass by Sinorang, Kayowa, Bakung, Batui, Omolu, Tangkiang, and Kintom Rivers. * Pipe installation which intersects village roads which leads to disturbance to village road users convenience. * Pipe installation intersecting irrigation channels is also estimated to create dissociation if any disturbances take place on the water channels. c. Parameters Monitored Total number and type of public claims received on the disturbance to river water and drainage system, and efforts taken by the initiator in following up those claims. d. Environmental Monitoring Objective To identify efforts taken by the initiator in minimizing the incurrence of dissociation due to pipe installation activity, which intersects rivers, village roads, and drainage system, and the level of successful implementation of impact management. e. Environmental Monitoring Method Data collection is done through interview with:
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Road users, especially those live on the sides of village roads; f. River water users; Owners of rice fields passed by the pipeline; Village officials, customary institutions, or community leaders.
Environmental Monitoring Locations Monitoring location is along the pipeline, namely roads in Slametharjo, Toili, Moilong (Saluan Village), Sinorang (Central Sinorang, Gori-gori, and Pousubuloli Quarters), Bone Balantak, Masing, Nonong, Sisipan, Tolando, and Balantang Villages.
g.
Environmental Monitoring Time and Period Monitoring is done one time, namely during the construction phase.
h.
Environmental Monitoring Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management
Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate General of Oil and Gas. * Reporting : Environment Ministry, Directorate
General of Oil and Gas, Environmental

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Management Sulawesi. Environmental Agency of Impact Central
2.3
Operational Phase 2.3.1 Monitoring of Noise Impact a. Significant Impact Environmental aspect to be monitored is noise level at CPF and in the settlement area near CPF. b. Impact Source Impact source is the noise comes from the sound of gas compressors at CPF. c. Parameter Monitored Noise level in the settlement and residential areas. d. Environmental Monitoring Objective To identify whether or not noise level in the settlement area around CPF has met noise level quality standard for settlement and residential areas.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION e. Environmental Monitoring Method Environmental monitoring is done through direct measuring of noise level at CPF and in settlement area around CPF using Sound Level Meter. f. Environmental Monitoring Locations Monitoring of noise is done at CPF and in settlement area around CPF, namely Sinorang Village. g. Environmental Monitoring Time and Period Monitoring is done twice a year, namely during the wet and dry seasons. h. Environmental Monitoring Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management
Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, Environment Ministry. * Reporting : Environmental Impact Management
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 2.3.2 Monitoring of Impact to Air Quality a. Significant Impact In gas production operational phase, there is no environmental management activity to air quality. In the operational activities, H2S concentration in gas after the treatment is only 4 ppmv, whereas H2S concentration in gas prior to treatment is 600 ppmv. However, precaution still needs to be taken for any
failure in H2S treatment process to become solid sulfur at CPF which may cause H2S gas pollution from the CPF to the surrounding area. Hence, monitoring of H2S and hydrocarbon around the CPF needs to be carried out. b. Impact Source Impact source is gas treatment process at CPF, namely in case of any failure in H2S treatment process to become solid sulfur or in case of any gas leakage. c. Parameter Monitored Air quality parameter to be monitored is H2S. d. Environmental Monitoring Objective The identify whether or not there is any H2S pollution around the CPF, particularly in the public settlement area. Pollution
happens if the parameter exceeds the quality standard for odor

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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION level (H2S) as specified by the Decree of Environment Minister No. KEP-50/MENLH/II/1996 for H2S. e. Environmental Monitoring Method Monitoring is done through on-site direct sampling and laboratory analysis afterwards. Mercurythiocyanate method. f. Environmental Monitoring Locations Monitoring is done at CPF and settlement area around CPF, namely Sinorang Village. g. Environmental Monitoring Time and Period Twice a year, namely during wet and dry seasons. h. Environmental Monitoring Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management Analysis method used is
Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, and
Environment Ministry. * Reporting : Environmental Impact Management
Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, and
Environment Ministry.
2.3.3 Monitoring of Water Quality a. Significant Impact Disposal of waste water which can create significant impact to sea water quality. b. Impact Source Source of impact is the disposal of water waste produced during the operational phase, where the chemical compound
concentration can disturb life of marine organisms. c. Parameters Monitored Environmental parameters to be monitored are H2S, oil and fat, and pH (Government Regulation No. 32/2001 and Decree of Environment Minister No. 51/2004). d. Environmental Monitoring Objective The objective of environmental monitoring is to determine that the concentration of chemical compounds of H2S, oil and fat, and pH in the water area is within the limit specified under the prevailing regulations.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION e. Environmental Monitoring Method Monitoring is done through sea water sampling for as much as 1 liter for further analysis at the laboratory.
No. 1. 2. 3. Sulfide Oil and Fat pH Parameter Unit mg / l mg / l Complex Gravimetric infrared Potentiometric partition Method Tool Spectrophotometer and Analytical balance & spectrophotometer pH meter
f.
Environmental Monitoring Locations There are 3 monitoring location points, namely at disposal pipe location in the sea.
g.
Environmental Monitoring Time and Period Twice a year by considering the representation of wet and dry seasons while operational phase takes place.
h.
Environmental Monitoring Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Agency of Impact Banggai Impact Management Regency, Management
Environmental
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION * Reporting : Environmental Agency of Impact Banggai Impact Management Regency, Management
Environmental
2.3.4 Monitoring of Impact from Operational Phase Activities on the Increase in Regional Income a. Significant Impact Significant impact estimated to incur is increase in regional revenue from various company obligations which will increase the share of regional income as oil and gas producer. Besides that, the emerging of various companies which utilize gas, such as LNG and methanol mini plants, etc., will also improve local economic activities. b. Impact Source Production process activities which will produce gas whose sales result will be allocated to the region as royalty and retribution based on the applicable regulations.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION c. Parameters Monitored Gross Regional Domestic Product from Mining and or Oil and Gas sectors in Banggai Regency. d. Environmental Monitoring Objective To see improvement in regional economy / income because of the influence of oil and gas industries during the operation of JOB Pertamina Medco. e. Environmental Monitoring Method Gross Regional Domestic Product statistical data analysis in Banggai Regency. f. Environmental Monitoring Location Monitoring location will be at the Central Agency for Statistics in Banggai Regency. g. Environmental Monitoring Time and Period Monitoring is done once a year during the operational phase. h. Environmental Monitoring Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management
Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate General of Oil and Gas.

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION * Reporting : Environment Ministry, Directorate
Sulawesi Province.
2.3.5 Monitoring of Impact from the Production Process Activities to the Creation of Dissociation a. Significant Impact Significant impact estimated to incur is disturbance to public health due to decrease in air quality. b. Impact Source Production process activities creating noise and gas smell (H2S) and condensate are estimated to create dissociation between the community and the company. Dissociative process can also incur if the production process activities do not involve local people as workers. c. Parameters Monitored Total number and type of public claims on disturbance to air quality (odor and noise) and efforts taken by the initiator to follow up those claims.
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION d. Environmental Monitoring Objective To identify efforts taken by the initiator to minimize dissociation due to disturbance to air quality (odor and noise) produced by the operational process and condensate transmission activities. e. Environmental Monitoring Method Data collection is done through interview with the villagers, village officials, and customary institutions in the villages of operational process and condensate laydown locations. f. Environmental Monitoring Location Monitoring location is in Central Sinorang Quarter (operational process site). g. Environmental Monitoring Time and Period Monitoring is done once every six months during the operational phase. h. Environmental Monitoring Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management
Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, Office of Health of Banggai Regency.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION * Reporting : Environment Ministry, Directorate
Sulawesi Province.
2.3.6 Monitoring of Public Health Disturbance a. Significant Impact Significant impact estimated to incur is public health disturbance due to decrease in air quality. b. Impact Source Production process activities which create gas (H2S) and noise. c. Parameters Monitored Public health condition and public claims on health disturbance caused by odor and noise. d. Environmental Monitoring Objective To identify efforts taken in managing impact of disturbance to public health.
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION e. Environmental Monitoring Method Data collection is done through interview with the villagers, medical personnel at Sinorang Public Health Center
(Puskesmas) and Community Development Department of JOB Pertamina Medco. f. Environmental Monitoring Location Monitoring location is Central Sinorang Quarter. g. Environmental Monitoring Time and Period Monitoring is done once every year during the operational phase. h. Environmental Monitoring Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management
Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate of Oil and Gas, Office of Health of Banggai Regency. * Reporting : Environment Ministry, Directorate of Oil and Gas, Environmental Agency of Impact Banggai Impact Central
Management Regency, Management
Sulawesi Province.
2.4
Post Operational Phase 2.4.1 Monitoring of Impact from Labor Layoff to the Creation of Dissociation a. Significant Impact Significant impact estimated to incur is the incurrence of dissociation. b. Impact Source Impact source is labor layoff during post operational phase. c. Parameter Monitored Parameter to be monitored is the incurrence of dissociation due to the end of JOB Pertamina Medco Tomori Sulawesi. d. Environmental Monitoring Objective The purpose of environmental monitoring plan is to measure the successful implementation of impact management to the component of social process (dissociation) during the post operational phase. e. Environmental Monitoring Method Data collection is done through direct interview with ex workers using questionnaire and from report data by JOB Pertamina
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Medco Tomori Sulawesi for further analysis using tabulation method. f. Environmental Monitoring Locations Monitoring is done at the company and contractors offices. g. Environmental Monitoring Time and Period Monitoring is done during the post operational phase with a period of one month after the layoff takes place. h. Environmental Monitoring Institutions: * * Implementing Supervising : : JOB Pertamina Medco. Central Sulawesi Governor c.q.
Environmental
Impact
Management
Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, Regent of Banggai c.q. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, and Directorate General of Oil and Gas. * Reporting : Central Sulawesi Governor c.q.
Environmental
Impact
Management
Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, Regent of Banggai c.q. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai
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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION Regency, and Directorate General of Oil and Gas.
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NO. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT A 1. PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE Public Attitude and Perception The acquisition of around 220 Ha of land for gas field development, construction of supporting facilities, condensate laydown facilities and jetty, and for pipeline installation. Incurrence of dissociation between land owners and the project implementer.
Matrix of Environmental Monitoring Plan for the Development of Senoro Gas Field
SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SOURCE SIGNIFICANT IMPACT PARAMETERS MONITORED MONITORING OBJECTIVE MONITORING LOCATION MONITORING METHOD MONITORING TIME AND PERIOD ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING INSTITUTIONS IMPLEMENTING SUPERVISING REPORTING
Social process, especially dissociation, during and after land acquisition process.
To identify efforts undertaken by JOB Pertamina Medco in avoiding the incurrence of dissociation during and after land acquisition process.
In all villages where land acquisition takes place.
Through interview.
One time after land acquisition activity ends.
JOB Pertamina Medco.
Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, National Agency for Land Affairs of Banggai Regency.
Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, and Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province.
B. 1.
CONSTRUCTION PHASE Soil Erosion Land clearing / preparation and pipeline installation activities. The incurrence of soil erosion. Level of cover crop or other types of cover vegetation, and level of sediment at basin or valley or control basin / box. To identify the development of sediment produced by soil erosion as a progress of environmental management effort that has been implemented. Done along gas pipeline or ROW, particularly at basin or valley and ditch / trench control basin along the ROW. Standard of coverage percentage by crop cover is mapped at certain total area unit, such as 1 m2. As time goes by, coverage percentage must increase so that it will reach more than 75% at the end of the construction phase. Total amount of sediment is measured by calculating the volume of observed sediment, namely the result of multiplication of sediment total area and its average height; sediment distribution is mapped afterwards. As time goes by, total sediment must decrease / become lower until the end of construction phase. Environmental monitoring time for coverage percentage by crop cover along pipeline ROW and level of sedimentation is one year after the revegetation starts. JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Settlement and Regional Infrastructure of Banggai Regency. Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, and Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency.
2. Drainage and Irrigation Systems Land clearing / preparation and pipeline installation activities. Disturbed drainage and irrigation systems. Whether or not flowing smoothness of irrigation channels intersected by pipeline in rice fields. To ensure that water supply for irrigation or irrigation channels to rice fields will not be disturbed. Along irrigation channels intersected by gas pipeline and ROW in rice field area. Monitoring is done through field observation method to construction implementation. Monitoring time is at the end of construction phase of pipe installation intersecting irrigation channels. JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Settlement and Regional Infrastructure of Banggai Regency. Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, and Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency. 3. Water Quality Disturbed river water quality. Pipe installation passing the rivers, through stripping of river bank, which will create erosion that may enter the river and create turbidity. Turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) (Govt Regulation No. 32 / 2001). To determine level of turbidity and total suspended solids in water areas within the limit specified by the prevailing regulations. Pipeline on Kayowa, Bakung, Sinorang, and Batui Rivers. Monitoring is done through river water sampling for as much as 1 (one) liter which is further analyzed at the laboratory. Monitoring is done along the pipeline after management is done. JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi, Environment Ministry, Directorate General of Oil and Gas. 4. Job Opportunity Equipment / material mobilization / demobilization, land clearing/ preparation, facility construction, pipe installation, and development well drilling activities. Increase in job opportunity, which will have a secondary impact, i.e. increase in public income. Composition of local workers that can be absorbed; Workers income compared to applicable Regency Minimum Wage. Total number of workers absorbed; To identify efforts taken by JOB Pertamina Medco in the optimization of local workers absorption and the successful implementation of impact management for job opportunity parameter. All villages where land acquisition takes place and to the entire population of Banggai Regency. Through observation of secondary data and direct interview with local people working in the construction activities. Interview is also done with personnel department of JOB Pertamina Medco or the contractor or Office of Manpower and Transmigration of Banggai Regency. * Monitoring of Regency Minimum Wage is done while the construction phase is ongoing and every one year. * Monitoring of total number of local workers absorbed is done at the end of the construction phase; JOB Pertamina Medco. Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Manpower of Banggai Regency. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi, Environment Ministry, Directorate General of Oil and Gas. Environment Ministry, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province.
5. Business Opportunity Equipment / material mobilization / demobilization, land clearing / preparation, facility construction, pipe installation, and well drilling activities will create business opportunity for the local people. Total number of local workers that can be absorbed in the available business sectors / opportunities. Business opportunity for local people, which will have a secondary impact, i.e. increase in public income. Total number and type of business opportunities to be performed by the local people. To identify total number and type of business opportunities to be performed by the local people and the total number of local workers that can be absorbed by available business sectors / opportunities. Representative office of JOB Pertamina Medco. Monitoring is done through observation of secondary data and interview with local people performing available business opportunities. Monitoring is done one time, namely at the end of the construction phase. JOB Pertamina Medco. Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Manpower of Banggai Regency. Environment Ministry, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, and Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province. 6. Public Attitude and Perception Equipment / material mobilization and demobilization activities which pass by the village roads. Facility construction activity is also estimated to cause dissociation if it creates noise and decrease in air quality which will disturb public convenience. 7. Public Attitude and Perception Pipe installation activities trespassing rivers, roads, and irrigation channels. The incurrence of dissociation due to water turbidity in the rivers used for bathing, washing, toileting; disturbance to convenience of village road users; and disturbance to irrigation system. Total number and type of public claims received on the disturbance to river water and drainage system, and efforts taken by the initiator in following up those claims. To identify efforts taken by the initiator in minimizing the incurrence of dissociation due to pipe installation activity, which intersects rivers, village roads, and drainage system, and the level of successful implementation of impact management. Rivers and roads passed by. Direct interview. One time, namely during the construction phase. JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate General of Oil and Gas. Environment Ministry, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi. The incurrence of dissociation between the villagers with project executor due to decrease in air quality which disturbs public convenience. Total number and type of public claims received on the disturbance to public convenience (road damage and road dust) and efforts taken by the initiator in following up those claims. To identify efforts taken by the initiator in minimizing the incurrence of dissociation due to equipment / material mobilization and demobilization activities, which will pass by the village roads, and the level of successful implementation of impact management. Along the village roads passed by vehicles transporting equipment and materials. Direct interview with road users, village officials and community leaders, especially those who live on the sides of the village roads. One time while heavy equipment / material mobilization activity takes place. JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Office of Transportation. Environment Ministry, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi.
C. 1. OPERATIONAL PHASE Noise Noise / sound of gas compressors at CPF Senoro. Noise from the sound of gas compressors at CPF. Noise quality standard according to the Decree of Environment Minister No. KEP-48/MENLH/11/ 1996 for settlement and residential areas, i.e. 55 dBA. To identify whether or not noise level in the settlement area around CPF has met noise level quality standard for settlement and residential areas. Monitoring of noise is done at CPF and in settlement area around CPF, namely Sinorang Village.. Through direct measuring of noise level at CPF and in settlement area around CPF using Sound Level Meter. Monitoring is done twice a year, namely during the wet and dry seasons. JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, Environment Ministry. 2. Air Quality H2S gas processing activity at CPF. Failure in H2S treatment processing to become solid sulfur at CPF which will cause H2S pollution. H2S The identify whether or not there is any H2S pollution around the CPF. At CPF and settlement area around CPF. On-site direct sampling and laboratory analysis afterwards. Twice a year. JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, and Environment Ministry. 3. Water Quality Disposal of produced water which contains several chemical compounds, such as oil and H2S. Chemical compound of produced water entering the water area will create decrease in water quality & affect the life of marine organisms. Disposal of waste water which can create significant impact to sea water quality. H2S, oil and fat, and pH (Government Regulation No. 32/2001 and Decree of Environment Minister No. 51/2004). To determine that the concentration of chemical compounds of H2S, oil and fat, and pH in the water area is within the limit specified under the prevailing regulations. At disposal pipe location. Monitoring is done through sea water sampling for as much as 1 liter for further analysis at the laboratory. Twice a year by considering the representation of wet and dry seasons while operational phase takes place. JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, Environment Ministry, and Directorate General of Oil and Gas. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, Environment Ministry. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, and Environment Ministry. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, Environment Ministry, and Directorate General of Oil and Gas.
4. Increase in Regional Income Production process activities. Increase in regional revenue from various company obligations which will increase the share of regional income as oil and gas producer. Besides that, the emerging of various companies which utilize gas, such as LNG and methanol mini plants, etc., will also improve local economic activities. 5. Public Attitude and Perception Production process activities. Disturbance to public health due to decrease in air quality. Total number and type of public claims on disturbance to air quality (odor and noise) and efforts taken by the initiator to follow up those claims. To identify efforts taken by the initiator to minimize dissociation due to disturbance to air quality (odor and noise) produced by the operational process and condensate transmission activities. Operational process sites. Interview with the villagers, village officials, and customary institutions in the villages of operational process and condensate laydown locations. Once every six months during the operational phase. JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, Office of Health of Banggai Regency. Environment Ministry, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province. 6. Public Health Production process activities which create gas (H2S) and noise. Disturbance to public health due to decrease in air quality. Public health condition and public claims on health disturbance caused by odor and noise. To identify efforts taken in managing impact of disturbance to public health. Central Sinorang Quarter. Interview. Once a year. JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate of Oil and Gas, Office of Health of Banggai Regency. Environment Ministry, Directorate of Oil and Gas, Environmental Impact Mgt Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Mgt Agency of Central Sulawesi Province. Gross Regional Domestic Product from Mining and or Oil and Gas sectors in Banggai Regency. To see improvement in regional economy / income because of the influence of oil and gas industries during the operation of JOB Pertamina Medco. Central Agency for Statistics in Banggai Regency. Statistical data analysis in Banggai Regency. Once a year. JOB Pertamina Medco. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Directorate General of Oil and Gas. Environment Ministry, Directorate General of Oil and Gas, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province.
D. 1. POST OPERATIONAL PHASE Labor Layoff Labor layoff activity. The incurrence of dissociation. The incurrence of dissociation due to the end of JOB Pertamina Medco Tomori Sulawesi. To measure the successful implementation of impact management to the component of social process. At the company and contractors offices. Direct interview with ex workers using questionnaire One month after the layoff takes place. JOB Pertamina Medco. Central Sulawesi Governor c.q. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, Regent of Banggai c.q. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, and Directorate General of Oil and Gas. Central Sulawesi Governor c.q. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Central Sulawesi Province, Regent of Banggai c.q. Environmental Impact Management Agency of Banggai Regency, and Directorate General of Oil and Gas.

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UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 1. 1.

Implementation of Government's Duties in Natural Oil and Gas.

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION expenditure, and land compensation payment). In

Sisipan Tolando Batalang Lamo Honbola Uso

Kalolos Tangkiang Padang

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION 3. METHOD OF STUDY

Methods and Location

Physiography and Morphology

Land Inclinity Slope Length

and Regional Geology

Project site plan (gas plant, well and pipeline)

Communitys wells in villages around the project site plan.

Along the pipeline, projected CPF and jetty location.

The Entire Study Area (Representative Area)

Scale Board Sea Territory Included in Study Area Borders -

Chemical Direct sampling Laboratory Analysis

Land Ownership Job Opportunity Business Opportunity PAD

Market Intersection in Gori-gori

Public Attitude and Perception

Air Quality and Noise Measuring Locations

Air Quality Parameter, Analysis Method and Equipment

Hydrocarbon H2S CO Dust (TSP) PM10

Water Quality and Sediment Sampling Locations

16. 17. 18. 19.

Fractionation Extraction Gravimetric Partition Infrared Atom Absorption

Filter Spectrophotometer and Balance and Spectrophotometer Spectrophotometer

oceanography (DISHIDROS) of Indonesian Navy or other

UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION relevant institutions. Current will be locally measured,

Respondent sampling method used is

= Noise level within R1 distance from noise source

Criteria for Soil Chemical Quality Analysis

Source: Soil Research Center, 1983.

Terms of Reference: Soil Capability Survey,

Analysis of Several Soil Physical Quality Parameters

Parameter Infiltration Speed / Permeability (cm / hour)

Aeration Pore (%)

Available Water Catching Pore (%)

Formzahl number Main single tidal component caused by solar gravity

Main single tidal component caused by lunar gravity

Main double tidal components caused by solar gravity

Main single double components caused by lunar gravity

Tidal type criteria: 0 < F 0.25 = double tidal type;

advection diffusion equation, which is formulated as follows:

= Cartesian coordinate axis.

= Diffusion coefficient whose value ranges at 0.5 2.5 x 103s

u, v = Horizontal speed components Hence, equation (3.7) can be written as:

= Pollutant source per time unit.

between total area of species-i covering (Ci) and total area of

= Species-i significance value = The total of significance value of all species

= Plankton abundance (individual / liter or individual / m3)

= Total number of plankton in the entire field of view

= Total number of observed fields of view

= Total number of species found = Total number of individuals.

= Dominance index = Total number of species-i individuals = Total number of individuals.

Classification of Population Density

Population Density (people/km2) 1 50 51 250 251 400 > 400

= Dependency Ratio = Total number of population of the ages of (0 to 14 years)

= Total number of population of the age of 65 above

= Total number of population in the middle of a year

Notes: Jumlah penggarap = Total number of farmers

Quality Scale based on Kerapatan Tegakan

Vegetation Strata Tree Pole Stake Seedling