Momentum Practice Solutions

Version 001 Momentum Practice Ross (20691) 1
This print-out should have 31 questions.

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
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before answering.
Animal Rescue Plane
001 (part 1 of 2) 0.0 points
An animal-rescue plane ying due east at
17 m/s drops a bale of hay from an altitude of
67 m.
The acceleration due to gravity is
9.81 m/s
2
.
If the bale of hay weighs 200 N, what is the
momentum of the bale the moment it strikes
the ground?
Correct answer: 816.396 kg m/s.
Explanation:
Let : v
plane
= 17 m/s ,
h = 67 m, and
W = 200 N.
v
plane
v
67 m
The bale strikes the ground at an angle, so
its nal velocity v will have both a horizontal
and a vertical component, and
v
2
= v
2
+ v
2
h
Vertically, conservation of energy gives us
E
kf
= E
po
1
2
mv
2
= mg h
v
2
= 2 g h
The horizontal component of the bale is v, the
speed of the plane, so the speed of the bale as
it strikes the ground is
v =
_
v
2
+ v
2
plane
=
_
2 g h + v
2
plane
The momentum of the bale is thus
p = mv =
W
g
_
2 g h + v
2
plane
=
200 N
9.81 m/s
2
_
2 (9.81 m/s
2
) (67 m) + (17 m/s)
2
= 816.396 kg m/s .
At what angle of inclination will the bale
strike? Answer between 180
and +180
.
Correct answer: 64.8791
.
Explanation:
When the bale strikes the ground, the ver-
tical component is the side opposite the angle
of inclination and the horizontal component
is the side adjacent, so
tan =
v
v
plane
= arctan
_
v
v
plane
_
= arctan
_
2 g h
v
plane
_
= arctan
_
_
2 (9.81 m/s
2
) (67 m)
17 m/s
_
= 64.8791
.
keywords:
Conceptual 06 01
Calculate the momentum for a 0.2 kg rie
bullet traveling 100 m/s.
Correct answer: 20 kg m/s.
Explanation:
Let : m = 0.2 kg and
v = 100 m/s .
p = mv
= (0.2 kg)(100 m/s) = 20 kg m/s .
What momentum does a 1100 kg automobile
traveling 0.3 m/s (a few miles per hour) have?
Explanation:
Let : m = 1100 kg , and
v = 0.3 m/s .
p = (1100 kg)(0.3 m/s) = 330 kg m/s .
What momentum does a 40 kg person running
11 m/s (a fast sprint) have?
Explanation:
Let : m = 40 kg , and
v = 11 m/s .
p = (40 kg)(11 m/s) = 440 kg m/s .
What momentum does a 18000 kg truck trav-
eling 0.04 m/s (a slow roll) have?
Explanation:
Let : m = 18000 kg , and
v = 0.04 m/s .
p = (18000 kg)(0.04 m/s) = 720 kg m/s .
Hewitt CP9 07 R32
007 0.0 points
Can momenta cancel? Can kinetic energies
cancel?
1. Neither can cancel.
2. They both can cancel.
3. Momenta cannot cancel; kinetic energies
can.
4. Momenta can cancel; kinetic energies can-
not cancel. correct
Explanation:
Momentum is a vector quantity, so the to-
tal momentum of two moving objects can be
less than the momentum of either one alone.
Kinetic energy is a scalar and always positive,
so the total kinetic energy of two moving ob-
jects is always greater than the kinetic energy
of either one alone.
Hewitt CP9 07 R33
008 0.0 points
If a moving object doubles its speed, how
much more momentum does it have? How
much more kinetic energy?
1. Momentum wont change; kinetic energy
doubles.
2. Both will double.
3. Both will remain the same.
4. Unable to determine
5. Momentum doubles; kinetic energy wont
change.
6. Momentum doubles; kinetic energy will
increase by four times. correct
Explanation:
Momentum is dened as mv and kinetic
energy is dened as
1
2
mv
2
; so momentum
doubles and kinetic energy increases by four
times when the speed doubles.
AP M 1993 MC 16
009 0.0 points
A balloon of mass M is oating motionless in
the air. A person of mass less than M is on
a rope ladder hanging from the balloon. The
person begins to climb the ladder at a uniform
speed v relative to the ground.
How does the balloon move relative to the
ground?
1. The balloon does not move.
2. Down with speed v
3. Up with speed v
4. Up with a speed less than v
5. Down with a speed less than v correct
Explanation:
Let the mass of the person be m.
Total momentum is conserved (because the
exterior forces on the system are balanced),
especially the component in the vertical di-
rection.
When the person begins to move, we have
mv + M v
M
= 0 ,
= v
M
=
m
M
v < v
= |v
M
| =
m
M
v < v,
since m < M =
m
M
< 1.
Thus the balloon moves in the opposite
direction.
Cannon Recoil
A revolutionary war cannon, with a mass of
2100 kg, res a 17.7 kg ball horizontally. The
cannonball has a speed of 141 m/s after it has
left the barrel. The cannon carriage is on a
at platform and is free to roll horizontally.
What is the speed of the cannon immedi-
ately after it was red?
Correct answer: 1.18843 m/s.
Explanation:
Let : m = 17.7 kg ,
M = 2100 kg , and
v = 141 m/s .
The cannons velocity immediately after it
was red is found by using conservation of
momentum along the horizontal direction:
M V + mv = 0
V =
m
M
v
where M is the mass of the cannon, V is the
velocity of the cannon, m is the mass of the
cannon ball and v is the velocity of the cannon
ball. Thus, the cannons speed is
|V | =
m
M
|v|
=
17.7 kg
2100 kg
(141 m/s)
= 1.18843 m/s .
The same explosive charge is used, so the total
energy of the cannon plus cannonball system
remains the same.
Disregarding friction, how much faster
would the ball travel if the cannon were
mounted rigidly and all other parameters re-
mained the same?
Explanation:
By knowing the speeds of the cannon and
the cannon ball, we can nd out the total
kinetic energy available to the system
K
net
=
1
2
mv
2
+
1
2
M V
2
.
This is the same amount of energy available
as when the cannon is xed. Let v
be the
speed of the cannon ball when the cannon is
held xed. Then,
1
2
mv
2
=
1
2
(mv
2
+ M V
2
) .
v
=
_
v
2
+
M
m
V
2
= v
_
1 +
m
M
= (141 m/s)
1 +
17.7 kg
2100 kg
= 141.593 m/s .
Thus, the velocity dierence is
v
v = 141.593 m/s 141 m/s

= 0.592967 m/s .
Jump Up
012 0.0 points
Bill (mass m) plants both feet solidly on the
ground and then jumps straight up with ve-
locity

v .
The earth (mass M) then has velocity
1. V
Earth
= +

v
man
.
2. V
Earth
= +
_
m
M
v
man
.
3. V
Earth
= +
_
M
m
_
v
man
.
4. V
Earth
=
_
m
M
v
man
.
5. V
Earth
=
_
m
M
_
v
man
. correct
6. V
Earth
=
_
M
m
_
v
man
.
7. V
Earth
=
v
man
.
8. V
Earth
= +
_
m
M
_
v
man
.
Explanation:
The momentum is conserved. We have
m

v
man
+ M
V
Earth
= 0
So
V
Earth
=
_
m
M
_

v
man
.
Attack Helicopter
An attack helicopter is equipped with a 20-
mm cannon that res 158 g shells in the
forward direction with a muzzle speed of
1160 m/s. The fully loaded helicopter has
a mass of 2820 kg. A burst of 140 shells is
red in a 1.66 s interval.
What is the resulting average force on the
helicopter?
Correct answer: 15457.4 N.
Explanation:
The impulse imparted to the shells equals
the change in momentum:
F
av
t = mv
The mass change is
m = nm = (140 shells) (158 g) = 22.12 kg ,
so the average force is
F =
v m
t
=
(1160 m/s) (22.12 kg)
1.66 s
= 15457.4 N .
Since the velocity of the shells is much greater
than the velocity of the helicopter, there is no
need to use relative velocity.
By what amount is its forward speed reduced?
Explanation:
From conservation of momentum p = 0,
so
v =
mv
M
=
(22.12 kg) (1160 m/s)
2820 kg
= 9.09901 m/s ,
Force on a Golf Ball
015 0.0 points
A golf ball (m = 72.6 g) is struck a blow that
makes an angle of 35.4
with the horizontal.

The drive lands 284 m away on a at fairway.
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s
2
.
If the golf club and ball are in contact for
10.2 ms, what is the average force of impact?
Neglect air resistance.
Explanation:
Let : g = 9.8 m/s
2
,
m = 72.6 g ,
= 35.4
, and
t = 10.2 ms .
Note that the range of the golf ball is given by
L =
v
2
sin 2
g
,
so the initial velocity of the ball is
v
0
=
Lg
sin(2 )
=
(284 m) (9.8 m/s

2
)
sin(2 35.4
)
= 54.2875 m/s .
The average force exerted is the change in its
momentum over the time of contact
F =
mv
0
t
=
(72.6 g) (0.001 kg/g) (54.2875 m/s)
(10.2 ms) (0.001 s/ms)
= 386.399 N .
Hammer and Nail
016 0.0 points
A(n) 3.6 lb hammer head, traveling at 6.7 ft/s
strikes a nail and is brought to a stop in
0.00078 s.
The acceleration of gravity is 32 ft/s
2
.
What force did the nail receive?
Correct answer: 966.346 lb.
Explanation:
Let : W = 3.6 lb,
v
o
= 6.7 ft/s , and
t = 0.00078 s .
Impulse is the change in momentum:
Ft = mv = m(v
f
v
o
) .
The hammers nal velocity is 0, so
F t =
W
g
(0 v
o
)
Thus the force the hammer felt was
F =
W v
o
g t
(it had to be a negative force to stop it) and
by Newtons Third Law of Motion, the force
the nail received was
F =
W v
o
g t
=
(3.6 lb) (6.7 ft/s)
(32 ft/s
2
) (0.00078 s)
= 966.346 lb .
Rebounding Ball 02
017 0.0 points
A 2.3 kg steel ball strikes a massive wall at
6.67 m/s at an angle of 31.5
with the plane of

the wall. It bounces o with the same speed
and angle.
x
y
6
.
6
7
m
/
s
6
.
6
7
m
/
s
31.5
31.5
If the ball is in contact with the wall for

0.244 s , what is the magnitude of average
force exerted on the ball by the wall?
Explanation:
Let : m = 2.3 kg ,
v = 6.67 m/s ,
= 31.5
, and
t = 0.244 s .
x
y v
f
m
v
i m
Ft = p .
Only the component of the balls velocity
perpendicular to the wall will change. This
velocity component before hitting the wall is
v
= v cos = (6.67 m/s) cos 31.5
= 5.68711 m/s .
After hitting the wall, this component is
5.68711 m/s, because the rebound angle is
also 31.5
. The change in momentum during

contact with the wall is therefore
p = mv
f
mv
0
= m(v
) mv
= 2 mv
= 2 (2.3 kg) (5.68711 m/s)

= 26.1607 kg m/s ,
so the average force on ball is
F =
p
t
=
26.1607 kg m/s
0.244 s
= 107.216 N .
Velocity Change in Space
018 0.0 points
Small rockets are used to make small adjust-
ments in the speed of satellites. One such
rocket has a thrust of 51 N.
If it is red to change the velocity of a(n)
74000 kg space craft by 59 cm/s, how long
should it be red?
Correct answer: 856.078 s.
Explanation:
Impulse is dened by
I = F t = mv
so
t =
mv
F
Dimensional analysis: for t
kg cm/s
N

1 m
100 cm
=
kg m/s
kg m/s
2
= s
AP M 1998 MC 13
019 0.0 points
A disc of mass m moves horizontally to the
right with speed v on a table with negligible
friction when it collides with a second disc of
mass 2 m. The second disc is moving horizon-
tally to the right with speed
v
6
at the moment
of impact.
m
2 m
v
v
6
before
The two discs stick together upon impact.
3 m
v
f
after
What is the speed of the composite body
immediately after the collision?
1. None of these is correct.
2. v
f
=
2
3
v
3. v
f
=
5
21
v
4. v
f
=
4
9
v correct
5. v
f
=
5
9
v
6. v
f
=
3
10
v
7. v
f
=
1
3
v
8. v
f
=
11
35
v
9. v
f
=
2
5
v
10. v
f
=
7
15
v
Explanation:
The total momentum of the system is con-
served because there is no exterior force. So
what we have is
(m + 2 m) v
f
= mv + 2 m
v
6
3 mv
f
= mv
_
1 +
2
6
_
3 v
f
=
_
6
6
+
2
6
_
v
3 v
f
=
8
6
v
v
f
=
8
(6) (3)
v
=
8
18
v , so
=
4
9
v .
keywords:
Inelastic Collision 08
020 0.0 points
If all three collision in the gure are totally
inelastic, which cause(s) the most damage?
m
v
brick
wall
I
m
2m
v 0.5v
II
m
0.5m
v 2v
III
1. III correct
2. I, II
3. II, III
4. II
5. all three
6. I, III
7. I
Explanation:
The right car in III loses more kinetic en-
ergy in the collision than the right car in II or
the wall (which has zero kinetic energy) in I.
Since any amount of kinetic energy lost goes
into deforming the cars, the most damage oc-
curs in III.
Water Fills a Bucket
021 0.0 points
Water ( = 1000 kg/m
3
) falls without splash-
ing at a rate of 0.253 L/s from a height of
62.3 m into a 1.05 kg bucket on a scale.
2
.
If the bucket is originally empty, what does
the scale read after 3.56 s ?
Explanation:
From conservation of energy, the velocity is
mg h =
1
2
mv
2
v =
_
2 g h
=
_
2 (9.8 m/s
2
) (62.3 m)
= 34.944 m/s .
u is the volume rate of the ow, so the mass
rate of the ow is
u
m
= u
= (1000 kg/m
3
)(0.253 L/s)
_
1 m
100 cm
_
3
1000 cm
3
1 L
= 0.253 kg/s .
The force exerted by the water hitting the
bucket is
F
w
=
mv
t
=
u
m
t v
t
= u
m
v
= (0.253 kg/s) (34.944 m/s)
= 8.84082 N.
Thus the overall force on the scale is
F = F
w
+
_
M
bucket
+ u
m
t
_
g
= 8.84082 N
+
_
1.05 kg + (0.253 kg/s) (3.56 s)
_
(9.8 m/s
2
)
= 27.9575 N .
Circular Hole in a Square
022 0.0 points
A circular hole of diameter 16.3 cm is cut
out of a uniform square of sheet metal having
sides 32.6 cm, as in the gure.
d
l
l
What is the distance between the center of
mass and the center of the square?
Correct answer: 2.81602 cm.
Explanation:
Choose the center of the square as the ori-
gin. Let the radius of the circle be r. Using
the formula for center of mass, we have
x
cm
=
m
i
x
i
m
i
and likewise in y direction. Notice that the
side of the square has length 4 r. Thinking of
the absence of the circle as being a negative
mass element there, we have, assuming mass
density of ,
x
cm
=
(4 r)
2
(0) r r
2
(4 r)
2
r
2
=
_

16
_
r .
The calculation is the same in y direction.
Therefore, the distance from the center of the
square is
s =
2
_

16
_
r .
Serway CP 08 08
023 0.0 points
A water molecule consists of an oxygen atom
with two hydrogen atoms bound to it. The
angle between the two bonds is 106
.
y
x
53
53
H
+
H
+
0
.
1
2
7
n
m
0
.
1
2
7
n
m
If each bond is 0.127 nm long, how far from
the oxygen atom is the center of mass of the
molecule? Take the mass of an oxygen atom
to be 16 times the mass of a hydrogen atom.
Correct answer: 0.00849227 nm.
Explanation:
Given : = 106
,
L = 0.127 nm, and
m
O
= 16 m
H
.
From
x
cm
=
m
i
x
i
m
i
if we choose the x-axis to start from the oxy-
gen atom and so that the hydrogen atoms are
symmetrical with respect to it, then
y
cm
= 0
x
cm
=
2 m
H
Lcos

2
2 m
H
+ 16 m
H
=
2 m
H
Lcos

2
18 m
H
=
Lcos

2
9
=
(0.127 nm) cos 53
9
= 0.00849227 nm .
Tipler PSE5 12 20
A square plate is produced by welding to-
gether four smaller square plates, each of side
a. The weight of each of the four plates is
shown in the gure.
x
y
90 N
20 N 80 N
80 N
(0, 0)
(2a, 0)
(0, 2a)
(2a, 2a)
Find the x-coordinate of the center of grav-
ity (as a multiple of a).
Correct answer: 1.09259 a.
Explanation:
Let : x
1
= x
2
=
1
2
a ,
x
3
= x
4
=
3
2
a ,
W
1
= 90 N,
W
2
= 20 N,
W
3
= 80 N, and
W
4
= 80 N.
y
x
W
1
W
2
W
3
W
4
a
2
3 a
2
a
2
3 a
2
The total weight is
W = W
1
+W
2
+W
3
+W
4
= 270 N.
Applying the denition of center of gravity,
x
cg
=
i
W
i
x
i
W
1
+W
2
+W
3
+W
4
=
(W
1
+W
2
)
a
2
+ (W
3
+W
4
)
3 a
2
W
=
(90 N + 20 N) + 3 (80 N + 80 N)
2 (270 N)
a
= 1.09259 a .
Find the y-coordinate of the center of gravity
(as a multiple of a).
Correct answer: 0.87037 a.
Explanation:
Let : y
1
= y
4
=
1
2
a and
y
2
= y
3
=
3
2
a .
y
cg
=
i
W
i
y
i
W
1
+W
2
+W
3
+W
4
=
(W
1
+W
4
)
a
2
+ (W
2
+W
3
)
3 a
2
W
=
(90 N + 80 N) + 3 (20 N + 80 N)
2 (270 N)
a
= 0.87037 a .
Bucket of Water
026 0.0 points
The bottom and the top of a bucket have
radii 25 cm and 39 cm, respectively. The
bucket is 32 cm high and lled with water.
Where is the center of gravity relative to the
center of the bottom of the bucket? Ignore
the weight of the bucket itself.
Correct answer: 18.2967 cm.
Explanation:
Let : r
b
= 25 cm,
r
t
= 39 cm, and
h = 32 cm.
The center of gravity lies above the center
of the bottom. Consider a disk of water at
height y above the bottom. Its radius is
r = r
b
+ y
r
t
r
b
h
,
its area is
A = r
2
=
_
r
b
+ y
r
t
r
b
h
_
2
=
_
r
b
+ y
r
h
_
2
,
its volume is
V = Ady = dy
_
r
b
+ y
r
h
_
2
,
and its mass is
m = V = dy
_
r
b
+ y
r
h
_
2
.
The total mass of the water is
M =
_
h
y=0
dm =
_
h
y=0

_
r
b
+ y
r
h
_
2
dy
=
_
r
2
b
h + hr r
b
+
1
3
hr
2
_
.
The height of the center of gravity is
y
CG
=
_
h
0
y dm
M
=

M
_
h
0
r
2
y dy
=

M
_
h
0
_
r
b
+ y
r
h
_
2
y dy
=
1
2
r
2
b
h
2
+
2
3
r r
b
h
2
+
1
4
r
2
h
2
r
2
b
h + r r
b
h +
1
3
r
2
h
Since
1
2
r
2
b
h
2
+
2
3
r r
b
h
2
+
1
4
r
2
h
2
=
1
2
(25 cm)
2
(32 cm)
2
+
2
3
(14 cm) (25 cm) (32 cm)
2
+
1
4
(14 cm)
2
(32 cm)
2
= 6.09109 10
5
cm
4
and
r
2
b
h + r r
b
h +
1
3
r
2
h
= (25 cm)
2
(32 cm)
+ (14 cm) (25 cm) (32 cm)
+
1
3
(14 cm)
2
(32 cm)
= 33290.7 cm
3
, then
y
CG
=
6.09109 10
5
cm
4
33290.7 cm
3
= 18.2967 cm .
Serway PSE 12 08
027 0.0 points
Pat builds a track for his model car out of
wood. The track is 9 cm wide (along the z
coordinate), 1 m high (along the y coordi-
nate) and 3.4 m long (along the x coordinate
starting from x = 0).
The runway is cut such that it forms part
of the left-hand side of a parabola, see gure
below.
x
1
m
y
3.4 m
y =
1
(11.56 m)
[x (3.4 m)]
2
9 cm
Locate the horizontal position of the center
of gravity of this track.
Correct answer: 0.85 m.
Explanation:
Let : a = 3.4 m,
b = a
2
= 11.56 m,
z = 9 cm, and
= surface density .
Basic Concepts:
r
CM
=
_
r dV
_
dV
=
_
r dV
M
x
1
m
y
3.4 m
y =
1
(11.56 m)
[x (3.4 m)]
2
9 cm
x
dx
Solution: Let represent the mass-per-
face area. A vertical strip at position x, with
width dx and height
(x a)
2
b
, has mass
dm =
(x a)
2
b
dx .
The total mass is
M =
_
dm =
_
3.4 m
x=0
(x a)
2
b
dx
=

b
_
3.4 m
0 m
(x
2
2 a x + b) dx
=

b
_
x
3
3
a x
2
+ b x
_
3.4 m
0 m
.
The x coordinate of the center of gravity is
x
cg
=
1
M
_
x dm
=
1
M
_
3.4 m
x=0
x (x a)
2
dx
b
=

b M
_
3.4 m
x=0
x (x a)
2
dx
=

b M
_
3.4 m
0 m
(x
3
2 a x
2
+ b x) dx
=

b M
_
x
4
4

2 a x
3
3
+
b x
2
2
_
3.4 m
0 m
=
x
4
4

2 a x
3
3
+
b x
2
2
x
3
3
a x
2
+ b x
3.4 m
0 m
=
11.1361 m
2
13.1013 m
= 0.85 m.
Chain Falling o Table
Given: Auniform exible chain whose mass
is 7.6 kg and length is 4 m. A table whose top
is frictionless.
Initially you are holding the chain at rest
and one-half of the length of the chain is hung
over the edge of the table. When you let loose
of the chain it falls downward.
2
.
a
4
m
2
.
4
m
Radius of table
is negligible
compared to the
length of chain
Mass of chain
is 7.6 kg .
Find the acceleration a of the chain when
the length of the chain hanging vertically is
2.4 m.
Correct answer: 5.88 m/s
2
.
Explanation:
Note: The initial condition does not enter
into the consideration for the acceleration.
Let : g = 9.8 m/s
2
,
L = 4 m,
= 2.4 m, and
m = 7.6 kg .
The linear density of the chain is
=
m
L
=
7.6 kg
4 m
= 1.9 kg/m.
F = g
cm
The free body diagram in the vertical di-
rection gives
F
y
= g = La .
Therefore
a =

L
g (1)
=
2.4 m
4 m
(9.8 m/s
2
)
= 5.88 m/s
2
.
Find the magnitude of the velocity of the of
the chain when 2.4 m of the chain is hanging
vertically.
Explanation:
The change in kinetic energy is
K =
1
2
mv
2
=
1
2
Lv
2
. (2)
Let
i
=
L
2
and
f
= .
Using the table top as the origin of the
y-coordinate and down as the positive y di-
rection
y
cm
=
m
on table
_
0
_
+ m
hanging
_
2
_
m
on table
+ m
hanging
y
cmi
=
_
L
L
2
_
0 +
L
2

_
L
4
_
L
y
cm
f
=
(L ) 0 +
_
2
_
L
The vertical center of mass dierence y
cm
is
y
cm
= y
cm
f
y
cmi
=

2

L
2
L
4
L
=
1
8 L
[4
2
L
2
] . (3)
The change in potential energy is
U = Lg y
cm
=
1
8
g [4
2
L
2
] . (4)
From conservation of energy K = U, Eq.
2 and Eq. 4, we have
1
2
Lv
2
=
1
8
g (4
2
L
2
)
v
2
=
g
4 L
[4
2
L
2
] . (5)
Therefore
v =
_
g
4 L
[4
2
L
2
] (6)
=
(9.8 m/s
2
)
4 (4 m)
[4 (2.4 m)
2
(4 m)
2
]
= 2.07654 m/s .
Alternative: You can use the kinematic
expression and remember that the center of
mass accelerates at g [not Eq. 1], since the
acceleration of gravity is not a function of
mass.
v
2
= 2 a y
cm
= 2 g
1
8 L
[4
2
L
2
]
=
g
4 L
[4
2
L
2
] , (7)
where y
cm
is obtained from Eq. 3.
Note: Equation 7 is identical to Eq. 5.
Figuring Physics 01
030 0.0 points
Consider the pair of identical blocks about to
be simultaneously released from rest. Block
A is completely free, and block B is attached
to one end of a massive chain, the other end
held as shown. When dropped, both blocks
hit the oor below a vertical distance equal
to the length of the chain.
A B
Which block hits rst?
1. Block A
2. The density of the chain must be given to
determine which block hits the oor rst.
3. Both blocks hit the oor simultaneously.
4. Block B correct
Explanation:
Block B hits the oor rst. Notice that
the race isnt between blocks A and B, but
between A and the end part of the B plus
chain system, which isnt in free fall because
one end is fastened to the post. So it doesnt
have to accelerate at g like block A. The
B plus chain center of mass, initially closer
to the oor, accelerates at less than g. But
acceleration of its free end increases in fall,
surpassing g like the tip of a falling pole
accelerates more than g when it rotates to the
ground.
What a surprise this is to bungee jumpers
to be falling faster than g. So whereas the only
downward force on block A is due to gravity,
block B is additionally pulled downward by
the chain and gravity.
Alternative: The distance the center of
mass of Block A falls is greater than the dis-
tance the center of mass of Block B plus the
chain. Therefore it will take Block A longer
to fall.
See Paul Hewitts books for more examples
of Figuring Physics.
Vertical Chain Drop
031 0.0 points
A chain whose mass is 8 kg and length is
3 m is shown below in the gure.
2
.
Consider a chain held at one end such that
the bottom end of the chain just touches the
oor. The top end of the chain is released.
3
m
Chain is
falling
to the
oor
9.8 m/s
2
Mass of
chain is
8 kg .
What is the force exerted by the chain on
the oor just as the last link of the chain lands
on the oor?
Explanation:
Let : m = 8 kg ,
L = 3 m,
=
m
L
= 2.66667 kg/m,
g = 9.8 m/s
2
, and
x = length of chain on the oor .
L
x
Lx
dx
Length of
chain on
the oor
is x
N
g
v
Mass of
chain is
m.
Since the mass of the chain on the oor is
m = x , the normal force is
N
d p
dt
= m
d v
dt
+ v
d m
dt
= x g + v
d m
dt
=
m
L
x g + v
d m
dt
, (1)
where m is the mass of the chain and L is the
length of the chain.
The rst term is the weight of that part of
the chain already on the oor.
From energy conservation
1
2
mv
2
= mg x
v
2
= 2 g x . (2)
The second termof Eq. 1 is the force exerted
by the link just landing and being brought to
rest. If dm is the mass and dx is the length
of a link (dm = dx) and v is the speed with
which it strikes the oor, we have
v
d m
dt
= v
dx
dt
= v
m
L
d x
dt
=
m
L
v
2
, using Eq. 2
=
m
L
(2 g x) , (3)
where x is the original height above the oor
of the link just landing.
Substituting v
d m
dt
from Eq. 3 into Eq. 1,
the normal force becomes
N =
m
L
x g + 2
m
L
x g
= 3
m
L
x g
x=L
= 3 mg (4)
= 3 (8 kg) (9.8 m/s
2
)
= 3 (78.4 N)
= 235.2 N ,
where x = L just as the last link lands on the
table.
It is useful to drop a chain into your hand
and notice that the force when the last link
touches your hand is much greater than the
force required to just hold the stationary chain
in your hand.
Insight: Suppose you have a length of
string of length x held at a height L above
the oor with the same linear density as
the chain; i.e., =
m
L
. When the string is
dropped from a height x it will impact the
oor for a period of time t =
x
v
=
x
2 g x
.
The impulse I p (change in momentum)
will be I = F t = p = mv = x v .
Therefore the force exerted on the oor will
be
F =
I
t
=
mv
x
v
=
x v
x
v
=
m
L
v
2
, from Eq. 2
=
m
L
2 g L, where x = L
= 2 mg , (3
)
which is the same as Eq. 3.

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Version 001 Momentum Practice Ross (20691) 1

This print-out should have 31 questions.

v = 141.593 m/s 141 m/s

with the horizontal.

(284 m) (9.8 m/s

with the plane of

If the ball is in contact with the wall for

= v cos = (6.67 m/s) cos 31.5

. The change in momentum during

= 2 (2.3 kg) (5.68711 m/s)

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