FE1007 Tutorial 7

2009

(1)

Consider the following first-order ordinary differential equation:

x2 dy = ( y + 2 x)dx y

(a) (b)

Determine whether the equation is exact. Multiply both sides of the equation by yn, where n is an integer. Determine the value of n if the resulting differential equation is exact. Solve the exact differential equation obtained in part (b).

(c)

(2)

Solve the following ODEs: (a) x y x e + ln y + dx + + ln x + sin y dy = 0 x y

(b)

( y 1) dx + ( x 3) dy = 0
(by two different methods).
2 + ye xy 2 y xe xy

(c)

y'=

(d)

dy 2t 2 = y+ 2 dt 1 + t 1+ t2 dx x 1 x = + tan 1 + c Note: ( a 2 + x 2 ) 2 2a 2 ( a 2 + x 2 ) 2a 3 a

(3)

If the substitution y = vx n transforms the differential equation

dy 1 x 2 y 3 = dx x3 y 2

into a variable separable equation, determine the value of n. equation. (4)

Hence solve the

Suppose that a lake is stocked initially with P(0) = 100 fish and that the fish population P(t) thereafter satisfies the differential equation :

dp =k p dt

(k : constant).

If after t = 6 months there are 169 fish in the lake, how many will there be after 1 year?

(5)

According to one cosmological theory, there were equal amounts of uranium isotopes 235 U and 238U at the creation of the universe in the big bang. At present there are 137.7 238U atoms for every one 235U atom . Using the known half-lives 4.51 billion years for 0.71 billion years for calculate the age of the universe.
238 235

U U

(6)

At time t = 0, a tank contains 0.2 kg of salt dissolved in 100 litre of water. Suppose that brine containing 0.2 kg of salt per litre of water is allowed to enter the tank at the rate of 5 litre/min and that the mixed solution is drained from the tank at the same rate. Find the amount of salt in the tank after 10 minutes (t = 10). Assume that the solution is well mixed in the tank as the brine enters.

(7)

An object of mass m is dropped from rest at time t = 0. If we assume that the only forces acting on the object are the constant force due to gravity and a retarding force of air resistance, which is proportional to the velocity v(t) of the object, then the velocity will satisfy the equation

dv = mg kv dt

Where k is a positive constant and g is the acceleration due to gravity. (a) Find v(t) and
t

lim v(t ).

(b)

Find the distance x(t) that the object has fallen at time t given that x = 0 when t = 0.

ANSWERS TO TUTORIAL 7

(a) (b) (c)

Not exact n = 1
x+ x2 = c2 y

(a)
(b) (c) (d)

e x + x ln y + y ln x cos y = c2

( x 3) y x = c2
2 x + e xy y 2 = c2 y = t + (1 + t 2 )(tan 1 t + c)

3.

x3 y 3 3x = c2

4.

256 fish

5.

5.99 billion years

6.

y(10) = 8 kg
kt 1 e m mg lim v ( t ) = k x mg k

7.

(a) v ( t ) =

(b)

x=

kt mg m 2g m 1 t+ e k k2