BASIC MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL

Nurfajrina muthmainnah*), Muh Nurul kamal P, nurul qalbi fadilah, Andi sriatu N Chemistry Department of Mathematic and Science Faculty of the State University of Makassar
Abstract. This report contains experimental basic measurement of electrical Where in this report has summarized all the goals, theories, mathematical formulas are used, tools and materials, working procedures, data from experimental / trial and outcome data that has managed to be the end result, the discussion of the final results and conclusions from the data is the end result. This experiment use a Basic Meter to determine the Voltage and Current of electrical and we use rheostat to determine the resistance. Experiment / experiment was conducted to investigated the relation between voltage and current in a simple set electic and to calculated the resistancee of a resistor and compare results that have been obtained by theoretical results. Principle work of this experiment is to determine the voltage, current and resistancee with move the rheostat step by step and determine the voltage and current. Manipulation Variable in this experiment is voltage, Respnd Variable is Current | Electricity and control variable is Resistancee From this experiment we get that R = |

KEYWORDS: current, voltage, rheostate, ohm law, resistance. INTRODUCTION Today, electricity is one of the important requirements for humans. Symptoms of electricity generated by the flow of electrical charge between two points. All lat electricity we use every day is an arrangement of electrical components that form a closed path is called a circuit. Furthermore, the electric circuit can be assembled in series and parallel. Usually the electricity that was supplied to households included in the parallel circuit. There are some advantages and disadvantages which are owned by the second circuit. Theres some theory rules about electrical that proposed each scientist. On of the scientist is George Simon Ohm. Simon Ohm found relation between Voltage, Current elecrical and resistancee. Generally function that use in Ohm rules is , where V is Voltage with Volt units, I is curren electrical with Ampere unit, and R is Resistancee with Ohm units. On of the ohm rules is Current in a square segment same withthe voltage that across segments. ohm but also said "barrier is a constant that does not depend on voltage and electric current. ohms also said that the relationship V = IR can be applied to any resistor. while the resistance of a conductor to the flow of charge caused by frequent collisions between the charge electrons moving with stationary atoms. theory behind this theory in laksanakannya in this experiment. This experiment was basically carried out to investigate the relationship between voltage and electric current in a simple circuit and to calculate a resistor big obstacle. Principle work of this experiment is to determine the voltage, current and resistancee with move the rheostat step by step and determine the voltage and current. THEORY OHM law proposed by a physicist from Germany, Georage Simon Ohm in 1825. Then Ohm's Law was published in 1827 through a paper entitled "The Galvanic Circuit Investigated Mathematically." OHM's Law is the law that determines the relationship between potential difference with an electric current. George Simon Ohm discovered that the ratio between the potential difference in an electrical load to the electric current flowing in the electrical load that produces a constant rate. The constant is then called the electrical resistance or resistance (R). To appreciate the services unit called barriers with OHM (). The sound of Ohm's Law Ohm's Law reads: "The strength of an electric current flowing in a straight sauatu electrical load is proportional to the mains voltage and inversely proportional to the barriers." Here's an example of an Ohm's Law:

PICTURE 1. The series of Ohm's Law Note : V = voltage found on both ends of the conductor in units of volts (V). I = electric current flowing in a conductor in units of amperes (A). R = the value of the electrical resistance (resistance) contained in a conductor in units of Ohms () Based on Ohm's law, 1 Ohm defined as barriers used in a circuit through which a strong current of 1 Ampere with a potential difference of 1 Volt. Therefore, we can define the notion of barriers is a comparison between the potential difference and strong currents. The greater the voltage source, the greater the current generated. Thus, the size of the electrical resistance is not influenced by the voltage and amperage but is influenced by the length of the cross-section, cross-sectional area and the type of material. Barriers influenced by three factors: the length, area and type of material. Barriers berbading with long straight object, the greater the longer the bottleneck of an object. Barriers also falls off the cross sectional area of the object, the broader cross-section, the smaller obstacles. This is the reason why the existing wires on power poles made large, the goal is to reduce barriers so that the voltage can flow easily. Barriers also directly proportional to the type of object (resistivity) the greater the species barrier, the greater the obstacles that thing. Application of Ohm's Law Here is an example of the application of Ohm's Law to turn on the LED lights.

PICTURE 2. Application of Ohm's Law Calculating Resistor Series In some series resistors in series, the resistor value can be obtained by adding up the total of all the resistors in series. This refers to the notion that the value of the strong currents in all points in a series circuit is always the same.

PICTURE 3. Resistor Series circuit Calculating the Parallel Resistors In some series resistors are arranged in parallel, the total resistor value calculation refers to the notion that great strong current into large percabangansama with strong currents coming out of the branching (I in = I out). With reference to Ohm's Law calculation formula can be obtained as follows.

PICTURE 4. Parallel Resistor circuit Calculating Capacitor Series In a series capacitor in series then the total value of the capacitor is obtained by the following calculation.

PICTURE 5. The series Capacitors Series Calculating the Parallel Capacitors In some series capacitors arranged in parallel then the total value of the capacitor is the sum of all the values of the capacitors are arranged in parallel.

PICTURE 6. Parallel capacitor circuit Ohm's Law Function The main function of Ohm's Law is to determine the relationship of voltage and current strength and can be used to determine the electrical load resistance without the use of measuring instruments ohmmeter. EXPERMENT METHODOLOGHY The Instruments and Materials on this experiment there are: 1. Power Supply DCF 2. Basic Meter 3. Rheostate 4. Resistancee 5. Connective cable Variable Identification As for the identification of variables that Appear in this experiment are as follows: 1. 2. 3. Variable Manipulation Respond Variable Control Variable : Voltage (V) : Current Electricity (A) : Resistor (/R)

Definition of Variable Identification 1. Variable Manipulation Variable Manipulation of this experiment is Voltage sources. Voltage Source in this experiment is the voltage in the circuit flows originating or derived from the volt volts 2. Respond Variable Respond Variabel of this experiment is Current Electricity (I) . currents is measured flow in the circuit using the unit ampere. 3. Control Variable Control variable in this experiment is Resistor, an obstacle that is placed in a circuit that has a certain value in ohms.

First, prepare the Instrument and material that we need and assemble the following circuit.

Rheostat

Vs

R Second, before turning on the power supply, be sure to install voltmeer and ammeters are at the high limit measure to avoid damage. The third turn on the power supply and note the voltmeter and ammeter appointment. Fourth sliding rheostat to minimum. Read the voltmeter and ammeter on the appointment of the position on the chart and record observations. Sixth raise energy sources by sliding rheostat until the voltmeter shows greater value and read the Appointment of ammeters and do activities last 6 with a linear change until you have 8 measurements. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DATA ANALYSIS Observation R Value = 100 NST Voltmeter = 0,2 Volt NST Amperemeter = 0,002 A Table 1. relation between voltage and electricity current No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 voltage (V) |8,4 0,1| |8,2 0,1| |7,6 0,1| |7,2 0,1| |6,8 0,1| |6,0 0,1| |5,2 0,1| |4,2 0,1| Electricity current (A) |0,064 0,001| |0,062 0,001| |0,060 0,001| |0,056 0,001| |0,052 0,001| |0,046 0,001| |0,040 0,001| |0,034 0,001|

DATA ANALYSIS
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 y = 135.11x - 0.2917 R = 0.9937

DK =

100 %

= 0.9937 x 100 % = 99,37 % KR = 100% - DK = 100% - 99,37 % = 0,63 %

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DISCUSSION Result of this experiment from the observation result and Graphic Analysis we can see that based on the table observation relation between Voltage and current electricity is the higher the voltage value in the column, the higher the value of the current is strong. From the results of the graph, the graph looks forming a straight line upward direction, which means the voltage is directly proportional straight with strong currents.

And we can also compare the resistance values with the theory with experimental results, the theoretical value of resistance conductor is held constant but the experimental results are not constant but the differences were not so significant. CONCLUSION From this experiment we can conclude that Voltage and current electricity is the higher the value of the current and its means the voltage is directly proportional straight with strong currents. if the value of the voltage is increased then the current value will also rise. And the value of resistance in a circuit tend to be constant

REFERENCE [1]Demtrder, W., et. all. 2006. Atoms, Molecules, andPhotons, AnIntroductionto Atomic-, Molecular-, andQuantum-Physics. Springer, New York. [2]Subaer, dkk. 2013. Penuntun Praktikum Eksperimen Fisika I Unit Laboratorium Fisika Modern Jurusan Fisika FMIPA UNM.