ODC010012 MPLS Traffic Protection ISSUE1 - 0

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ODC010012 MPLS Traffic Protection

ISSUE 1.0
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IP network with single internet service is being evolved to multi-service network with voice, data, and multimedia service. It needs to provide more reliability and security. This slide will focus on the protection and restoration of MPLS traffic.
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References
l VRP5 MPLS Operation Manual l MPLS Traffic Engineering Learning
Guide
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Upon completion of this course, you will be able to: [ Master the mode of traffic protection [ Master the principle of path protection [ Master the principle of fast reroute
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Chapter 1 Traffic Protection Overview Chapter 2 Path Protection Chapter 3 Fast Reroute Chapter 4 Comparison of path protection and fast reroute
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Traffic Protection
The factor of traffic switchover speed
lWhen the failure of link or node happens, routing protocol
needs several seconds to convergence and restoration. Events Detection of link failure Factors Medium and special platform Convergence time ~ s (POS + APS) Flooding of routing info. Timers of IGP, network size Routing recalculation ~5-30s
LSDB size, CPU occupancy rate ~1-2s
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The mode of MPLS TE traffic protection

l MPLS TE traffic protection mode mainly includes:
[ Path Protection [ Fast Reroute, sometimes also called local protection ! Link Protection ! Node Protection
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Path Protection Overview

Path Protection
l Path protection is also called end to end protection, establish
backup LSP to protect important master LSP.

l Path protection can setup more than one TE tunnel from
source to end, each tunnel LSP should pass through different path.
l When master LSP is down, the flow can be switched into
backup LSP tunnel in time.

l Backup LSP tunnel will be established in advance, and it will
not transit flow but reserve bandwidth in ordinary situation
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Example for Path Protection

l Primary LSP(RTA-RTB-RTD-RTE) is the best path from source to
destination. l When master LSP is down, the flow will be switched to backup LSP. l Simultaneity, the source of master tunnel re-setup new LSP. l Backup LSP (RTA-RTC-RTE) support two type of Backup LSP: [ Hot-Standby LSP [ Ordinary Backup LSP RTA RTB Primary Tunnel RTD RTE
RTC
Backup Tunnel
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Hot-standby and Ordinary LSP

Hot-standby and Ordinary
l Hot-Standby LSP
[ Hot-Standby LSP needs to be established before flow forwarding. [ Switchover time is short, about 250 ms.
l Ordinary Backup LSP
[ Ordinary Backup LSP initiate setup backup LSP when the source of tunnel receive the failure of the master LSP. [ Once backup LSP is established, the flow will be switched into backup LSP. [ Switchover time is long, about 1-2 seconds
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Chapter 3 Fast Reroute

Section 1 Fast Reroute Overview Section 2 Link Protection Section 3 Node Protection
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Fast Reroute Technology

FRR Concept
l Fast Reroute is usually called local protection, according to the objects to
l l l l
be protected, it can be divided into: [ Link Protection [ Node Protection Protection type of Fast Reroute: [ One-to-one Backup [ Facility Backup Fast reroute is temporary protection measure. When the protected link or node is failed, the flow will be switched to backup tunnel. Advertise failure information to the source of tunnel to trigger tunnel reoptimization. Switchover time is less than 50 ms, more quickly than path protection.
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Protection Type of Fast Reroute

l One-to-one Backup
[ One backup LSP protect one master LSP, this mode is usually called Detour LSP. [ Only one label in forwarding process.
l Facility Backup
[ One backup LSP protect more than one LSP, this mode is usually called Bypass LSP. [ Two labels in forwarding process.
l Most of the vendors support Facility Backup.
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Fast Route Terms

FRR Terms
l PLR (Point of Local Repair) : the source of backup LSP l MP (Merge Point): the endpoint of backup LSP l NHop (Next-hop Router ): only one hop from PLR router l NNHop (Next-next-hop Router ): two hops from PLR router
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Example for FRR

RTA RTC RTE RTG
RTB RTF RTD

Primary tunnel Backup tunnel0(NHop) Backup tunnel0(NNHop)
RTH
Path: RTA,RTC,RTE,RTG Path: RTC,RTD,RTF,RTE Path: RTC,RTD,RTF,RTH,RTG
l RTC is PLR l RTE is the MP of tunnel0, RTG is the MP of tunnel1 l RTE is the NHop of PLR RTC l RTG is NNHop of PLR RTC!

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Link Protection
Link Protection
l Establish a protected tunnel from PLR to MP to protect the link between PLR
and NHop.
l Link protection only protect the link between PLR and MP. l One backup tunnel to protect more than one LSP tunnel, maybe it will bring
network congestion when flow is switched.

l When protected link is down, all the flow in this link will be switched to
backup LSP in 50 ms. Simultaneously, the source of the master LSP carry out tunnel re-optimization as soon as it received the link failure information.
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Implementation of Link Protection

Implementation Step
l Four steps of link protection implementation:
[ Pre-failure configuration [ Failure detection [ Connectivity restoration [ Post-failure signaling
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Pre-failure configuration
Pre-failure configuration
l The steps of Pre-failure configuration:
[ Obtain the label of MP ! The flag of Label Recording Requested in Session_Attribute Class is set as 0x02 [ Enable FRR function in the source of tunnel ! Enable "mpls te fast-reroute # in tunnel interface ! The flag of "Local protection is desired # in Session_Attribute Class is set as 0x01 [ Enable link protection in PLR ! Configure backup tunnel to NHop ! Tie the Protected Link to the Backup Tunnel
Master LSP Establishment

RT8 RT4 RT2 RT9
Pop 14
RT5
RT1
37
RT6 RT7
Setup: Path (R1->R2->R4->R9) Labels Established on Resv message

Backup LSP Establishment

RT8 RT4 RT2 RT5
Pop
RT9
RT1 RT6
17
RT7
22
Setup: Path (R2->R6->R7->R4) Labels Established on Resv message

Failure detection
Failure Detection
l Commonly used failure detection methods:
[ Aim at physical media, for example SDH/SONET APS [ Aim at point to point link, for example PPP keepalive [ RSVP-TE expansion, hello message [ BFD (Bidirectional Failure detection) [ MPLS OAM
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Traffic Switchover
Traffic Switchover
l When the protected link is down, PLR is responsible to switch the flow to
backup LSP : [ Affirm the backup LSP is ready or not, label is ready or not? [ Clear the flag bit of Local Protection Desired in Session_Attribute class. [ IP address value in IPV4 Tunnel Sender Address of Sender_Template is set as the IP address of PLR output interface . [ The value of RSVP_Hop class is set as the IP address of PLR output interface . [ Generate new ERO object [ Refresh RRO object [ The label stack of PLR will be changed, from one label to two labels.
After the failure of link

RT8 RT9 Swap 37->14 Push 17 Primary Tunnel RT2 Pop 14 RT4
Push 37 RT5 RT1 RT7 Pop 22
RT6 Swap 17->22
Label Stack:
R1 37
R2 17 14
R6 22 14
R7 14
R4
R9 None
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Post-failure Signaling
Post-failure Signaling
l The process of post-failure signaling:
[Upstream signal advertisement [IGP routing information advertisement [Downstream signal advertisement
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Upstream Signaling Advertisement

l When the protected link is down, PLR will send Path_Error message to
the source of the TE tunnel.

l Normally, the master LSP will be broke down when received Path_Error
message.
l Now, the master LSP is protected by backup LSP, we need to hold the
UP state of master LSP. Don$t close the master LSP tunnel.

l Expand new features of Path_Error Message, add Code=25(Notification),
Subcode=3(Tunnel locally repaired).

l The function of expansion is to show that the master LSP have been
locally protected, please don $t break down the master LSP, only carry out the Tunnel re-optimization.
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IGP Routing Information Advertisement

l There are two types of failure information advertisement:
[ RSVP Path_Error Message [ IGP routing information

l Normally, RSVP Path_Error message arrived in the source of
TE tunnel quicker than IGP flooding.

l After the interrelated operation of the source of TE tunnel, TE
tunnel receives IGP information of link failure. How to deal with it ? [ The source of TE tunnel should ignore IGP flooding advertisement.
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Downstream Signaling Advertisement

l When the protected link is down, MP node don $t receive the
path message from upstream in several intervals, MP will send Path_Tear message to the downstream to break down the master LSP.
l For the sake of the master LSP hold "UP# state, PLR need to
continuously send Path message along the backup LSP.

l Simultaneously, MP node will continue to send Path message
to downstream node to maintain the soft-state of master LSP.
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Signalling Process After Link Failure

RT1 RT2
RT3
RT4
No Link Protection
Resv Tear Path Tear
Link Protection
Path Error Resv in place
Resv Tear RT4 waits for refresh
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Node Protection
RT8 RT9
RT3 RT2
RT4
RT5 RT1
RT6
RT7
l Node protection: Establish a protected tunnel from PLR (RT2) to NNHop(RT4). l Node Protection can protect NHop(RT3) node and the link of PLR(RT2) to NHop(RT3).
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Comparison of Link Protection and Node Protection(1)
Sameness
l Need to enable FRR function in the source of TE tunnel. l PLR node need to tie the protected link to the backup tunnel. l The process of failure detection. l Flow switchover process after link or node failure. l Signaling process after failure.
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Comparison between Link Protection and Node Protection(2)

Differentia
l Backup tunnel is different:
[ Link protection: PLR->NHop [ Node protection: PLR->NNHop

l The protected object is different:
[ Link protection: the link between PLR and NHop [ Node protection: NHop node and the link between PLR and NHop
l The allocation of label is different:
[ Link protection: need to know the label which NHop node distribute to PLR node [ Node protection: need to know the label which NNHop node distribute to NHop node.
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Comparison between Path Protection and Fast Reroute

Performance Comparison
Protection mode Path Protection Link Protection Node Protection
Switchover Time 250 ms 50 ms 50 ms
Protected Object LSP PLR->NHop Link PLR->NHOP Link and NHop Node
Protection Mode 1:1 1:N 1:N
Scalability Not good Good Good
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Question?
l How many types of traffic protection? l What is the difference between link protection and node
protection?
l What is the difference between path protection and local
protection?
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Summary
l The main mode of traffic protection and
restoration: [ Path protection [ Local protection ! Link protection ! Node protection
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Thank You
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ODC010012 MPLS Traffic Protection

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LSDB size, CPU occupancy rate ~1-2s

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The mode of MPLS TE traffic protection

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Path Protection Overview

backup LSP to protect important master LSP.

backup LSP tunnel in time.

not transit flow but reserve bandwidth in ordinary situation

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Example for Path Protection

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Hot-standby and Ordinary LSP

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Chapter 3 Fast Reroute

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Fast Reroute Technology

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Protection Type of Fast Reroute

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Fast Route Terms

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Example for FRR

RTB RTF RTD

Path: RTA,RTC,RTE,RTG Path: RTC,RTD,RTF,RTE Path: RTC,RTD,RTF,RTH,RTG

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