The Spatial Analysis for the Allocation of Coastal Land Resources in Taiwan

Sustainable urban and/or rural planning and management YEN, Ke Chin Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chung Hua University 707, Sec 2, Wu-Fu Rd, Hsinchu City 30012, Taiwan ROC dama@chu.edu.tw WANG, Ying-Yen Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chung Hua University 707, Sec 2, Wu-Fu Rd, Hsinchu City 30012, Taiwan ROC ABSTRACT Flexible, complicated and special coast environment not only plays an important place to breed ecology, but also is a buffer zone to join sea and land. Facing climate abnormality caused by global environment change and developing sensitive coast should appropriately make spatial plan via integrated coastal management tools to avoid the balance of ecological system and the damage of geographic resources. Abundant coast resources in Hsinchu County own two important wetlands, even a place where to keep the most natural coast in the western part of Taiwan. Owing to increasing leisure activity and industrial development and how to obtain the optimal balance point and spatial distribution mode of coastal land resources on ecological environment and socio-economic benefit, it will be an important issue for coastal planning and decision-making in Hsinchu Count. In order to solve information lack of coastal land, insufficient representation of management system, difficulties in planning system operation, this study will not only combine Geographic Information System (GIS), ecological planning method and biodiversity analysis according to coastal environment properties, but also employ GIS spatial offset Kriging. Simulating the distribution of environmental resources by quantification to analyze the load of coastal land resources and integrate the spatial allocation of in Hsinchu County will minimize a spatial conflict between the preservation of coastal ecology and land development to the minimum. Eventually, the results obtained from the spatial analysis not only integrate the potential of coastal land and information on ecological sensitivity as well as provide the development of coastal land the preservation of environmental resources for the reference in Hsinchu County in the future, but also can be used for a study foundation of environmental management technologies related to ecology and space. Keywords: coast, land resources, ecological planning, biodiversity, spatial analysis, Kriging

I. Introduction
Taiwan's geographical and ecological environment is diverse, complex and special. Taiwan is a sub-tropical island rich in ecological resources. But in recent decades, extensive development of coastal land has caused serious problems of coastal areas. In recent years, the government put high priority on the issues with damaged coastal environment. CPA (Construction and Planning Agency) in conjunction with experts and scholars have been dispatched to the all coastal areas to conduct overall examination and found in many coastal areas the protected objects (including wildlife, ecology, natural resources, estuaries and sand dunes) had been subject to a certain degree of damage. Before "Coastal Act " is passed, it is in urgent need to formulate a national coastline mid-to-long-term policy, which will integrate and establish the coordinating organization, set up plans to improve the coastal environment, provide subsidy to local governments to conduct "Coastal restoration and landscape improvement demonstration projects", and encourage local governments to conduct tasks of "reduction, environmental restoration and clean-up" for coastal areas. Hsinchu County coastal towns include two administrative districts: Xinfeng Township and Jhubei City, which have active planning for coastal areas in recent years. There are abundant coastal resources, including ecological resources, natural landscape and cultural resources, such as Xinfeng Wetlands (National), Potou Fishing Port, Ginger House Settlement, a hundred-year-old Hackberry Woods, Jhubei Lotus Temple (local level) Wetland, Jhubei Native Woodland, Windbreaks, Crescent Bay, etc. They are very valuable to develop tourism. Therefore, in accordance with No. 0980801473 letter from the Ministry of Interior, Hsinchu County Government on February 27, 2009 acquired the first-phase subsidy and commissioned the Chung Hua University to conduct "2009 Hsinchu County sustainable coastal planning as a whole case, which is mainly in compliance with the legislative principles of the Coast Act (draft) to aim at sustainable coastal development to avoid sporadic, fragmental, individual and exclusive local developments. It will actively seek understanding of coastal ecology and environment through coastal resource investigation, compiling and analysis and focus protection on the key protection objects. Through professional assistance and the dialogue among local communities, the consensus on the future overall direction for Hsinchu County coastal environment is formed and thus a feasible and specific plan for protection, prevention and management can be established. In general, the coastal environmental management related researches in recent years mostly use "Hierarchical Combination Method to address the issues with the environmental impact caused by Hsinchu coastal development. For Xiangshan wetlands, based on the concepts of landscape ecology, ecological networks and partitioning, three main areas are planned: central zone, buffer zone and sustainable zone, with corresponding management strategy. The study is on the correlation between the development behavior of Hsinchu coastal wetlands and the ecological environment change. The growing and declining relationship between the development behavior and the spatial habitats is investigated to discuss the possible ecological environment damage by development behavior. Multi-objective planning method is used to integrate Hsinchu coastal environment resources. The research delivers the result for the optimal development intensity for each type of land. Ecological planning method, multi-criteria decision-making, as well as a gray system and fuzzy theory are used to evaluate the land development and management policies. Hsinchu coastal wetland is used as an example to show a dramatic improvement in acquiring performance criteria, prioritizing land use and development, and land use area. The correlation between coastal development behavior and ecological environment change is used to design a coastal environment information system and build a coastal GIS analysis model. Integrating the spatial information of coastal land-use potential and the ecological sensitivity can provide references to Hsinchu City for future coastal land development and environmental resource conservation. Among the concepts for environmental development in the world and domestic researches, there are few cases that aim at coastal ecology and land use by combining GIS information database for establishment and integration. The study is based on the fundamental
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environment information for natural environment, ecological environment, human geography to carry out integrated analysis of coastal resources, including natural and human and environment variance analysis, and through GIS spatial makeup tools (Kriging) estimate the ecological data that is difficult to obtain or incomplete and plot animal diversity distribution map. Lastly, according to the comprehensive results based on Hsinchu County coastal environment characteristics, environmental resources, and GIS overlay analysis, scientific approach to coastal areas are divided by scientific methods with respect to resource homogeneity into four categories, namely, coastal conservation area, coastal protection area, coastal restoration area and moderate development area, which serve as references for Hsinchu County coastal spatial management and partitioning.

II. Research Scope

Coastal area is the strip adjacent to the land and sea on both sides of coastline, including coastal land and coastal waters. The former is seawater or coastal land affected by coastal factors like salt, while the latter is land or the waters affected naturally or artificially by continental shelf. The main space of utilization is the sea space and coastal land space that has water depth of 30 meters or is offshore by 6 kilometer (Research, Development and Evaluation Commission, the Executive Yuan, 2001). As in the basis and operational principles for Ministry of the Interior designated "Coastal area" established by Construction and Planning Agency, Ministry of the Interior, in accordance with the definition of coastal area by Executive Yuan approved "National land restoration strategy and action plan", the coastal inland uses "the first provincial highway," "coastal main roadway," "ridge line", the three designation indicators as comprehensive guiding principles. In Hsinchu County, the designation is based on the "average high tide line to the first provincial highways, the land area of main coastal roadway or mountain ridge line. Therefore, the scope of this study was in accordance with the Hsinchu Countys "near-shore terrestrial areas" published in "the scope of the coastal area" by Construction and Planning Agency in 2007. Its north starts at the boundary for Taoyuan County and Hsinchu County. Its south reaches the boundary for Hsinchu City and Hsinchu County. The east is generally boundary by Provincial Highway No. 15. The west is boundary by the coastline. The government administrative area covers Xinfeng Township Potou Village, Hohu Village, Poho Village, Hsinfong Village, Fungkung Village, Chunshin Village, Upper Village, as well as Jhubei Citys Shangyi District, Chongyi District, Hsingun District, Baidi District and Dayi District, which includes twelve villages or districts in total. The scope of this study takes up a total area of about 2,146 hectares, mostly non-urban land, but some regions in the scope of urban planning for Xinfeng (New Zhuangzi region) (see Figure 1).

III. Research Content and Method

Hsinchu coastal areas are mostly wetlands and distribution of small-to-medium communities. This study plans to use land-use suitability analysis, combined with GIS-assisted planning features, in an attempt to spatialize planning results with GIS tools, including various ecological environment and land development factors. Land-use suitability analysis is used to conduct simulation for spatial designation distribution. Through spatial makeup technique (Kriging method), that data that is difficult to obtain can be acquired in a quantitative manner and the optimal management model can be sought between ecological resources and land use after spatial integration to resolve the conflict with competing for using various environmental resources. The suitability analysis related to the ecological environment and land-use and the research methods for GIS applications are discussed as follows:

Taoyuan County Coastal Zone (Coastal Waters) Coastal Zone (Coastal Land)

Hsinchu County

Administrative region

Hsinchu City

Announced range of coast line The study area

Figure 1 Coastal Area Range for Hsinchu County 1. Ecological resources and land development surveys and data archiving During literature collection and review, Hsinchu County coastal ecological resources and land development data are examined, collected, complied and archived. Scope of the study is defined to classify ecological characteristics and land development characteristics. On-site observation and examination will be conducted in accordance with the GIS information survey system established in this study with basis on base characteristics for on-site PDA investigation. Eco-environmental analysis is based on aerial photographs and takes reference to the project which is "2009 Hsinchu County sustainable coastal planning commissioned to Chung Hua University by Hsinchu County Government and contains summer and autumn animals and plants survey results and the relevant ecological data; land development uses the latest edition of orthoimage map of color aerial photographs (scale 1:5,000) by the Aerial Survey Bureau, Forest Service, Council of Agriculture, the Executive Yuan as the basic map. Data are mainly based on the planning reports and on-site survey by Hsinchu County to facilitate assuring data correctness and completeness. 2. Establish Hsinchu County Coastal Environment Information Survey System It will combine SuperPad system to establish Hsinchu County Coastal Environment Information Survey System. SuperPad is Taiwanese developed Mobile GIS. The geographic object data model management database designed and improved by Super GIS mainly contains functions like input, encoding, storage, query, display, computing, analysis and overlay, and uses the latest edition of orthoimage map of color aerial photographs (scale 1:5,000) by the Aerial Survey Bureau, Forest Service, Council of Agriculture, the Executive Yuan as the basic map to facilitate comparing the development change for spatial dimension. 3. GIS Spatial Makeup Simulation (Kriging Simulation Analysis) Environmental planning is often limited by funding, resources, or the impact of terrain, leading to sampling points and basic information failing to cover the entire study area. When the information distribution of the whole region is needed, it can be assisted with spatial
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makeup technique. It assumes spatial information has continuity, uses linear regression and few spatial sample points to calculate the overall trend. It inserts the prediction of the entire group of sample points between the measured sample points. Inverse distance weight (IDW), Kriging, spline etc. are adopted. Kriging method is widely used and its error is less. Kriging method is geostatistics that is developed through spatial variability model, regional variable theory, spatial structure analysis, spatial interpolation estimation etc. Its applications include estimation and projection for underground water, soil salinity, precipitation distribution, distribution of plants in land and undersea, animal species distribution and abundance, biodiversity. The development of spatial statistics, a breakthrough for the traditional statistics that does not consider space factor, converts spatial variables through quantification, not only considering the complexity of information, but also integration of statistical analysis techniques to meet the actual situation. Spatial interpolation method is based on the spatial dependence presented by the data, and with the observed values of nearest sampling points, uses the optimized weighed average value as the estimated value for the non-sampling points. This technique is called Kriging method. The research through Super GIS Spatial Statistical Analyst combines the Kriging method that studies the variable spatial dependence in GIS and geostatistics. It also has the GIS spatial data attributes like data query, display and basic statistical skills and the spatial information geostatistical features, and therefore further able to understand the variability and dependencies of spatial information and estimate the value of non-sampling points and enhance the capability for geographic information system in assisting spatial data decision-making analysis. This research intends to make up for the data lacking for eco-environmental resources through the Kriging method, so it can combine with land use development model and simulate the spatial distribution and conduct correlation analysis. 4. Hsinchu County Coastal Resource Integration It adopts the concepts of natural ecological environment opportunity and constraint and puts suitability analytical method of land use and GIS data processing function in the established integration model to generate areas that have different degree of environment impact. Then it uses effective and limited resources for reasonable spatial distribution that allows the decision-maker to conduct reasonable base development strategy within an acceptable load range. To ensure that development activities be compatible with environmental conservation objectives, the research result on the interpretation of role orientation for each area can be used as the basis to review current policies and regulations regarding coastal land development. The integration approach is to conduct comprehensive analysis of various environmental factors and attributes and conducts mapping on Geographic Information System with different ways of presentation according to their suitability for coastal planning. Then through the layer overlapping and calculation of attribute values, suitable area distribution can be determined by layer analysis. The study, based on animal diversity Kriging map, plant natural map, geological disaster-sensitive distribution map, land use maps and other relevant layers, conducts overlay analysis. The comprehensive overlay procedure is shown in Table 1
Table 1 Comprehensive Overlay Procedure Step Description Build first-hand investigated and second-hand collected environmental information on geographic information systems and information make analytical maps of different subjects based on data attributes, including animal diversity Kriging distribution map, plant natural map, geological disaster-sensitive distribution map and land use map. Output
housing agricultural industry

Subject

Step 1

recreation

Step

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Description Define environment-sensitive locations and analytical rules for the analytical maps of various subjects, then conduct spatial location comprehensive overlay and environment attribute analysis to understand spatial development potential and limitation for Hsinchu County coastal area. Based on the development potential and limitation for Hsinchu County coastal area, conduct homogeneous classification and definition for spatial location and regional characteristics by scientific methods. The main divisions include coastal preservation area, coastal protection area, coastal restoration area and moderate development area. Conduct final partitioning integration on the comprehensive overlay of the above-mentioned environmental partitioning maps. With the priority in Hsinchu County sustainable coastal development and respecting environment natural resources, the overlap map is in the following sequence (from top to bottom): coastal preservation area coastal protection area coastal restoration area moderate development area

Output Development Environment Zoning integration limitation zoning

housing agricultural recreation industry

IV. Hsinchu County Coastal Environment Information Survey and Analysis

Hsinchu County coastal areas include Xinfeng Township and Jhubei City, which is the area that has less development in Taiwan's western coastal area. In addition to Xinfeng and Jhubei Lotus Temple wetlands, there are abundant cultural and recreational resources. The study conducts status survey based on the dimensions like natural environment, industry type, primary settlements and recreation landscape and builds GIS database: 1. Natural Environment In recent years, "Biological Diversity Group" of the Executive Yuan's National Council for Sustainable Development seeks to maintain native biological diversity by designating the Construction and Planning Department of the Ministry of Interior to execute "important national wetlands" project and promote wetland eco-tourism and education. To present to the international community with our conservation accomplishment, in December 2007 years, 75 places were designated as "national key wetlands. The important wetlands located in Hsinchu County coastal area are Xinfeng wetland (National) and two Jhubei Lotus Temple wetlands (local level), which ecological resources and characteristics are summarized as follows: (1) Xinfeng wetland (National) Xinfeng Wetland is located in Xinfeng River Estuary. Its north starts from Xinfeng mangrove area, its south extends to 1.2 kilometers from the south side of Fung Hang check point, the east is boundary by Tsiho Bridge on Provincial Rout 15, and the west sea area extends to 6 meters depth counter (see Figure 2). Its total area is 165 hectares. Its administrative authority is Hsinchu County Government. It is not designated as protected area yet. The reason for the formation of Xinfeng marsh wetland is that there is a sand dune terrain at Hongmao River Estuary that causes the river to turn before flowing to sea and therefore there is abundant organic deposition on the banks, forming an estuary wetland that comprises mudflats and beach wetlands. Xinfeng River estuary has about 8.5 hectares of mangroves. In the east of Iron Bridge there is Kandelia pure forest, while in the west there is mixed woods of Kandelia and Haijia Dong. Animals there include arc-side fiddler crabs, Wu thick crab, Grapsidae, Sri Lanka's sand crabs, Hemigrapsus penicillat and Mictyris brevidactylus etc. Reptiles include Swinhoe's japalura, Eumeces elegans Boulenger and Takydromus stejnegeri etc. Amphibians include Microhyla ornate and Chinese tree toad, etc. Fishes include spotted catfish and Candidia barbatus, etc. Birds include Cattle Egret and Black Drongo etc. (2) Jhubei Lotus Temple Lotus Temple wetland is located in the north of Lotus Temple, near the Feng Nose Tail Hill at the junction of Jhubei and Xin Feng (see Figure 2), an area of 1 hectare. The
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administrative authority is Hsinchu County Government. It is not designated as protected area yet. Geology in this area is mainly barren sandstone, mudstone, shale and non-coagulated red soil and gravel, sand and clays. Besides, this area has inherited the abundant Feng Yamazaki Mountain groundwater. Therefore, collapse in this area is very obvious and it tends to form say valley. In sag valley area there tends to form small wetland environment, nourishing many rare breeds of aquatic plants. It is the restoration land for insectivorous plants in Hsinchu County. Insectivorous plants there include Drosera indica, Drosera burmannii, Drosera spathulata and Utricularia caerulea. It is the only habitat for Drosera indica. Aquatic plants include Xyris formosana Hayata, Philydrum lanuginosum, Juncus ohwianus M. T. Kao & DeVol, Lavandulaeleaf Dendranthema, Lobelia alsinoides, Philipine Eriocaulonaceae, Juncellus serotinus, Fuirena, Fimbristyles nutans, Eriocaulon sexangulare L., Rotala mexicana, Sisyrinchium rosulatum etc. Animals there include Luciola anceyi, Potamidae, melanostictus, frogand in the peripheral mountains there are Spilornis cheela, Black Drongo, Hypsipetes leucocephalus etc. The main potential threats to the wetlands started 1997 because West Coast Expressway excavation, leisure and regional expansion, the construction of dams, resulting in reduced groundwater, and habitat destruction, and sandy dryland plant invading original habitat of carnivorous plants. The species to be protected in the wetland should include Drosera indica, Drosera spatulata, Drosera burmannii Vahl, and Utricularia caerulea etc.
Sinfong Wetland Jhubei Lianhua Temple Wetland

Figure 2

Major Wetland Locations in Hsinchu Coastal Area

2. Ecological Environment Within the scope of this study, ecological data from the aggregate data mostly are just records of eco-species, lacking species distribution information such as location and quantity. Thus, the ecological data for animals and plants are mainly primary survey data. The period of survey process is divided into summer and autumn. Summer survey period is July and August, 2009. Autumn survey period is September and October, 2009. The method of ecological survey is in compliance with Technical Specifications for Animal Ecosystem Assessment (92.12.29, EPA No. 0920094979 Notice) published by the Environmental Protection Agency and Technical Specifications for Ecological Assessment of Plants (91.3.28 EPA No. 0910020491 Notice). For ecological information to cover every aspect, sample points cover the whole region, accessible places, pass-through census, establishment of species lists with the scope of study, species number and distribution of location etc. Animal diversity distribution maps are composed of overlaying map sets from Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Reptilia, Arachnida, strip fin Pisces, Insecta, Malacostraca, maxilliped Gang, Bivalvia, and Gastropoda animal. It also calculates the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (divergence index). The compiled animal diversity diagram is presented by
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summer and autumn (see Figure 3). Nioupu River estuary is also the place where rare species usually show up. For the divergence index of Hsinchu County coastal animals in summer and autumn, except in the two survey locations, Xinfeng mangrove and Jhubei virgin forest that Mammalia and Insecta have lower divergence index in autumn than in summer, and Reptilia and Arachnida have higher divergence index in autumn than in summer, there is not much difference. After reviewing the compiled data for divergence index in summer and autumn, it is found that Xinfeng mangrove has higher divergence index in autumn than in summer and Jhubei virgin forest has lower divergence index in autumn than in summer, while Fengshan River and Nioupu River estuary have not much difference in divergence index between summer and autumn see Figure 3). This mainly depends on the habitat of main active species and the habits in each season.

Sampling Points Nioupu River Jhubei Sinfong Fengshan River Diversity Index

Sampling Points Nioupu River Jhubei Sinfong Fengshan River Diversity Index

A Summer

B. Autumn

Figure 3 Animal Divergence Kriging Simulation Distribution Diagram 3. Cultural Geographic Environment The scope of this study is established in accordance to the Range of Coastal Water for Hsinchu County published by the Construction and Planning Department in 2007, an area of about 2,146 hectares, mostly in non-urban development areas. Part of the east of the scope is situated within Xinfeng Township New Zhuangzi urban planning zone, an area of about 35 hectares, accounting for 2% of total area. From the land-use survey results it is found the land in this study is mostly farmland and mixed forest, together accounted for 72% of the total area (see Figure 4).

V. Coastal Resource Integration and Analysis

To ensure environmental conservation and sustainable development of life for the coastal area of Hsinchu County, this study designates environment sensitive areas and restricted development areas based on the natural and human environment conditions of Hsinchu County. In the aspect of layer management and deployment, the study mainly takes reference to the Construction and Planning Agency's "Limited development areas in northern Taiwan and land-use zoning review" report and "regional land use planning management system". The designation and analysis of geographic information systems is conducted in accordance with Hsinchu County's natural environment status survey and land-use status survey.
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Building and road The study area

A. built area

B. land use

Figure 4 Building Areas and Land Use Distribution for Hsinchu County Coastal Area 1. Naturalness Analysis Based on the surface geographical landscape and land use classification map layers and sets of overlapping aerial photographs, and zoning according to their content, the study draws naturalness diagram with the following classification criteria: 1Naturalness 5Undeveloped plant habitat, including mangroves. 2Naturalness 4Including grasslands and secondary forests. 3Naturalness 3Including orchards and tea plantations. 4Naturalness 2Including farmland. 5Naturalness 1Including the waters. 6Naturalness 0Including building sites and roads. The analytical results indicate the highest naturalness is the unaffected area by human activities in Xinfeng mangrovethe next is naturalness 4 and it is Jhubei virgin forest and the Lotus Temple wetlands. The rest were mostly orchards, agricultural land, or mixed forest with naturalness 3 and 2 for agricultural use, accounting for about 72% of the total area; the lowest naturalness is human building areas, accounting for about 22% of the total area. 2. Analysis of Human and Environment Difference By superimposing the land use zoning and animal diversity Kriging simulation, it can be found that in summer and autumn the animals are mainly located in the Jhubei native forest, Xinfeng River mouth and the Fengshan River Basin, which keep more integrity of habitat areas (for details, see Figure 5). Main biological habitats are Xinfeng River basin, the Fengshan River basin, the river's mouth and Jhubei Nioupu native forest. Based on Hsinchu County coastal land use and biological diversity contours distribution, it can be found along the Xinfeng River community and industrial activities are more diverse and complex. However, Xinfeng wetland at the river estuary is an important wetland at national level and it is also a place with relatively higher environment conflict, so it is essential to control the factors like land use intensity and sewage release for the midstream and upstream of Xinfeng River to avoid irrecoverable damage to the wetland ecology. Jhubei virgin forest is the only remaining and more intact native woodlands along Hsinchu County
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coast and the analytical result shows higher potential of conflict for this area. This is mainly because the location is close to the major transportation system (West Coast Expressway) and is more vulnerable to the impact of human activities, and besides, several fires have occurred in recent years. So in the future the protection and management of this woodland should be strengthened. Fengshan River and Nioupu habitats at the estuaries are more intact and the land use along the rivers is relatively simple. So the conflict between land use and eco-environment is little. Thus the ecological integrity of habitats can maintain and grow steadily. However, the Mangrove at Nioupu River estuary has overgrown, changing the estuary geography. For the future, control should be put on the growth of Kandelia to prevent over-rampant, which could affect the drainage function and ecological stability of the habitat.

A Summer

B. Autumn

Figure 5 Contour Maps for Animal Diversity 3. Coastal Resource Management and Zoning According to the comprehensive results based on Hsinchu County coastal environment characteristics, environmental resources, and GIS overlay analysis, the study adopting previous methods divides coastal areas with respect to resource homogeneity into four categories, namely, coastal conservation area, coastal protection area, coastal restoration area and moderate development area. Designating principles are in accordance with Article IX and Article XI of the drafted Coastal Act and applied to coastal conservation area and coastal protection area. Besides, based on the previous comprehensive humanities and the environment analysis, the area with higher environmental conflict potential is designated as coastal restoration area and the area with humanity and geographic development features is designated as moderate development area, which provides the coastal eco-environment rehabilitation education and appropriate development (detailed in Table 2, Figure 6). The designated coastal conservation area is primarily the area for precious and rare animals and plants and important estuarine areas and it is to provide the balance for ecological systems and environmental education function. They include Xinfeng mangroves, Jhubei native forest, and Fengshan River estuaries, etc. Xinfeng Jiangs Residence is an important cultural heritage and is also incorporated within the coastal conservation area.
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Table 2 Designation Scheme for Hsinchu County Coastal Environment Classification Designation Principle Coastal conservation area is to protect rare resources in natural or human environment, maintain the ecosystem balance and provide environmental education or recreation function. With the following coastal conditions within the area, it may be designated as level-1 or level-2 conservation Coastal conservation area: area important aquatic resources areas, rare flora and fauna areas, special landscape resource areas, important cultural assets, important estuarine eco-region, other areas under protection by laws. It is to prevent and control coastal disasters, prevent seawater coastal intrusion and land loss, protect people's lives and property. The protection conditions are as follows: area eroded coast, flood overflow flooded area, surge overflow flooded area, land subsidence, areas with other potential disasters. It is to restore near-natural coast, restore diverse species and habitats coastal etc., and provide coastal protection, including artificial restoration restoration and protection. The conditions are as follows: dike, eroded coast, the area larger scale natural environment. Note Designation by Article IX of the drafted Coastal Act .

Designation by Article XI of the drafted Coastal Act

The study suggests designation be in accordance with Hsinchu County coastal environment characteristics. It is to improve the living environment quality for the residents and The study suggests moderate promote local industry. The conditions are as follows: local industry, designation be in development existing community and landscape. accordance with Hsinchu area County coastal community development plan.

Coastal conservation area Coastal protection area Coastal restoration area Moderate development area

Figure 6 Hsinchu County Coastal Zoning Plan

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Coastal protection area mainly considers potential disaster factors like coastal erosion, flood overflow and flooded vulnerable strata and it is to prevent and control coastal hazards, protect people's lives and property of the designated areas. It is mainly concentrated in the river basin and estuary. To restore near-natural coastal environment, considering species diversity to facilitate habitat restoration, artificial seawall, eroded coast and large scale natural environment areas are designated as coastal restoration area, which includes important estuaries wetlands, coastal lines, and the original woodland hills, etc. Moderate development area considers factors such as local industry features, existing settlement size and function, environment landscape to improve the living environment quality and promote local industry. For examples, it includes Xinfeng duck industry and Jhubei mullet industry.

VI. Conclusions
This study is mainly to establish 2009 Hsinchu County coastal environment database, build analytical model for coastal environment classification, and further complete Hsinchu County coastal environment spatial management and zoning. There are three preliminary accomplishments. On one hand, through this study it is to build analytical model for coastal environment management and apply it to the Hsinchu County coast to understand the accuracy and feasibility for this analysis modelon the other hand, it is to integrate Hsinchu County coastal environment resources and understand the locations of environmental sensitivity and development suitability. The ecological survey on the area that data is difficult to obtain can be conducted by Kriging simulation analysis. It can work with ecological information interpretation based on land use and aerial photographs to understand species distribution and ecological characteristics. This study conducts divergence simulation analysis with Kriging method for summer and autumn animals and superimposes the results onto land use zoning map. The results indicate that in summer and autumn the animals are mainly located in the Jhubei native forest, Xinfeng River mouth and the Fengshan River Basin, which have high integrity of habitat, and compete for some of the surrounding human developed area. Through this research it can be found that the outcome from this integrated environment resource model is reasonable and consistent with present Hsinchu County coastal environment needs and reasonable. Further, According to the comprehensive analysis based on Hsinchu County coastal environment characteristics, environmental resources, and GIS overlay analysis, the coastal area is divided with resource homogeneity into coastal conservation area, coastal protection areas, coastal restoration areas and moderate development area for environment resource protection and regional development management.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors would like to thank the National Science Council of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and Chung Hua University for financially supporting this research under Contract No. NSC 98-2410-H-216-018 and CHU- NSC 98-2410-H-216-018.

REFERENCES
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