Small Wind Energy Programme

Amita Pandya
Project Executive

Gujarat Energy Development Agency

Windmill Applications & Potential

Windmill for Water Pumping (Mechanical) Application Windmills for Power Generation (Electrical) Application Potential for Power Generation through Small Wind Energy Application in India alone is

Classification of Wind Generators

Small Wind Aerogenerator 50 W to 5 kW; best suited for low average wind speeds from 4 to 4.5 m/sec. Medium Wind Aerogenerator 10 kW to 100 kW for wind speeds from 4.5 m/sec and up Large Wind Turbine Generators : 250 kW and above for wind speeds from 5.5 m/sec and up.

Water Pumping Windmill

Simplest Wind Energy Application for Water Lifting in minor irrigation and drinking water. Standard Water Pumping Windmill (GM2) works at wind speed of 2.7 m/sec and up. 10 m WPWM is a gear-type windmill coupled to a reciprocating pump (2 to 2.5) for pumping water from maximum 100 ft depth from open or bore well. The discharge of water is estimated at about 12000 to 15000 litres/day depending on the availability required wind speeds. Suitable for small irrigation, gardening and drinking water facility in remote areas.

Water Pumping Windmill

The present cost of the WPWM is about Rs.1 lakh. The Central Govt. Subsidy of Rs.30,000/Users Share is about Rs.70,000/Application for Subsidy can routed to MNRE through GEDA . Contact GEDA or approved manufacturers of WPWM for assistance. Financial Assistance is also available for R&D project on further development in sector.

GM2 Field Installation

GM2 Installation

Open Well Installation

Storage

GM2 in Locked Position

WPWM Installation

Field Performance Monitoring

Components of GM2

Reciprocating Pump

Gear Box

Small Wind Aerogenerator

Wind Machines ranging from 50 W to 100 kW are categorized as small wind generators suitable in low wind speed regions (between 4 to 4.5 m/sec) Suitable for off-grid power applications, i.e. decentralized systems such as streetlights, standby power application, etc. These systems are essentially battery based. Installed on open windy spaces and rooftops.

Limitations of

Stand-alone Aerogenerators
Ideally suitable for regions where wind is available for maximum time of the year for better utility. Power generation during non-windy months reduces drastically. Requires routine maintenance of batteries.

Power from Wind

The Power from Wind is governed by the most basic equation : P = pAV3
P= Power of Wind p= Air Density A= Rotor Swept Area V= Wind Velocity

The crux of the wind energy lies in its swept area, in other words rotor diameter, rather than the name plate rating of wattage.

Wind Aerogenerator

3.3 kW System Powering Street Lights

Performance of

3.3 kW Wind Aerogenerator

Wind Solar Hybrid Power Systems

In Wind Solar Hybrid System wind and solar energies are complementary to each other, which ensure electricity generation mostly throughout the year making the hybrid systems more reliable alternative power system compared to purely Wind-based Power Systems.
The Combination of Wind:Solar will be 60:40 or 50:50

Components of

Wind Solar Hybrid System

The main components of the Wind-Solar Hybrid System are wind aero generator and tower, solar photovoltaic panels, batteries, cables, charge controller and inverter. The Wind-Solar Hybrid System generates electricity that can be used for charging batteries and with the use of inverter we can run AC appliances. The Battery capacity can be designed according use of the system.

Off and On Grid RE Systems

The system which uses power through battery is called Off grid system. The system which is directly use the power of is called On-grid system. Off grid systems are more popular for different applications, viz. home lighting, street lighting, telecommunication towers, railway signal lighting. On grid systems allows feeding the generated power to the grid or power load connected to the grid and hence has to be converted as per requirement of application.

Site Selection Criteria for

Wind Solar Hybrid System

The site should be free from the obstacle like tall trees, high buildings, electric transmission lines etc. within the radius of about 100 meters The site for installation of aero generator should preferably have annual average wind speed of about 4.17 m/sec at a particular site.

Requirement at Site
The Wind component of the system can be installed on the ground/roof. Open space of about 100 sq. ft where the aero generator can be installed. The Solar Component of the system can be installed on the terrace. Open space of about 150 sq ft on terrace/ground where Solar Panel can be installed. The load for installation of the solar panel will be about 20-30 kg/sq.m The Battery Room of 10ftx10ft either in the building or in vicinity of the Aero generator/solar photovoltaic or open space of 100 sq ft where this battery room can be constructed.

Cost of Wind Solar Hybrid System

Approx cost for installation of Wind Solar Hybrid System is Rs.2.50 lakh per kW. The subsidy of Rs.1.50 lakh per kW is available for Govt./Public/Charitable/R&D, Academic and other non profit making institutions. The subsidy of Rs. 1.00 lakh per kW is available for all other category.
The cost of wind-solar hybrid system is less than only Solar Systems giving better reliability

Power Generation
1 kW Wind Aerogenerator would generate 4 units per day at 5 m/sec wind speed. 1 kW Wind Solar Hybrid System would generate 6 units per day at 4 m/sec. Advantage of Hybrid System is assured generation due to solar energy availability for almost 300 days per annum

System Centre: 10kW Wind Solar Power Plant

Rooftop WindSolar Hybrid Systems

Powering Farm Houses

10 kW Wind Solar Hybrid System