White Paper

Intel Quick Capture Technology for the Intel PXA27x Processor Family

Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction 2.0 Related Documents 3.0 Image Size 4.0 Intel Quick Capture Technology Basics 5.0 Mode Summary
5.1 What is Master Mode? 5.2 What is Slave Mode? 5.3 What is Embedded Mode? 5.4 What is the Difference Between Parallel and Serial Modes?

4 4 4 4 5
5 5 5 5

6.0 Color Space Discussion

6.1 Color Space Formats 6.2 Choice of Color Space 6.3 Using a RAW format

6
6 7 8

7.0 Can I Use My Particular Sensor with the Quick Capture Interface on the Intel PXA27x Processor? 8.0 YCbCr and RGB Color Component Output Order 9.0 Example User Scenarios 10.0 Interface Bandwidth and Frame Rate Estimation 11.0 CCD Compatibility 12.0 Conclusion

8 10 12 13 14 14

White Paper

Using Intel Quick Capture Technology

1.0 Introduction
The ability to send and receive digital pictures or video clips has been one of the must-have developments in the cell phone and PDA market segments worldwide. Intel developed Intel Quick Capture Technology, an interface that allows imaging devices to connect to a cell phone or PDA, to improve image quality and reduce the overall cost of adding digital image capabilities for mobile devices. Intel Quick Capture Technology provides the ability to get live video and high-quality still images from a wide range of camera sensors in current and future camera-enabled mobile handsets and PDAs. Intel Quick Capture Technology consists of three primary modes of operation: Quick View mode (providing lowpower, real-time previews), Quick Shot mode (providing highresolution image capture up to four megapixels) and Quick Video mode (providing full-motion, high-quality video capture). Intel Quick Capture Technology is primarily intended for the connection of an Intel PXA27x processor to Intel CMOS type image sensors. It may also be possible to connect the Intel PXA27x to some CCD type image sensors depending on the interface requirements for a given CCD sensor. CCD compatibility is discussed further at the end of this document in Section 11.0, CCD Compatibility on page 14. This guide is intended to provide you with enough information to help with the decision process of choosing an image sensor that is compatible with the Intel PXA27x Processor. For more detailed information such as programming details, please see the Intel PXA27x Processor Developers Manual. For connectivity, see the Intel PXA27x Design Guide.

3.0 Image Size

Image size has a significant impact on almost all aspects of your imaging solution. The size of a digital image is described through the product of the rows and columns. This represents the total number of pixels. A 2048x1536 pixel image has 3,145,728 pixels, (3.1 Megapixel), and a 1280x1024 has 1,310,720 (1.3 Megapixels). The Intel PXA27x has a maximum programmable resolution of 2048x2048 (4.1 Megapixel). The actual usable resolution will depend on system design, application, and required performance. Some common sizes for digital images are provided in the following table:
IMAGE SIZE ROWS AND COLUMNS TOTAL NO. PIXELS

QXGA UXGA SXGA XGA SVGA VGA QVGA CIF QCIF

2048x1536 1600x1200 1280x1024 1280x768 800x600 640x480 320x240 352x288 176x144

3,145,728 1,920,000 1,310,720 983,040 480,000 307,200 76,800 101,376 25344

Table 3: Common Image Sizes used in Digital Imaging

4.0 Intel Quick Capture Technology Basics

Intel Quick Capture Technology includes the following:

2.0 Related Documents

Table 1 lists available supplemental documentation for the Intel PXA27x applications processor. Contact an Intel representative for the latest version of Intel documents.

Data bus: 4, 5, 8, 9, or 10 bits wide Synchronization signals: includes 1 line valid signal and 1 frame valid signal Clocks: includes 1 programmable clock output and 1 pixel clock input Control: typically performed via I2C using SDA and SCLK Available GPIO pins can be used to control any additional signals that may be required

Please contact your Intel Field Applications Engineer for ordering information Intel PXA27x Processor (B-Stepping) Developers Manual Intel PXA27x Processor (B Stepping) Design Guide Intel PXA27x Processor (B Stepping) Electrical, Mechanical, and Thermal Specification
Table 1: Supplemental Documentation

Using Intel Quick Capture Technology

White Paper

INTEL XSCALE PROCESSOR

IMAGE SENSOR MODULE

D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 CLK PCLK VSYNC HSYNC RESET PDWN SDL SDA

CIF_DD[0] CIF_DD[1] CIF_DD[2] CIF_DD[3] CIF_DD[4] CIF_DD[5] CIF_DD[6] CIF_DD[7] CIF_MCLK CIF_PCLK CIF_FV CIF_LV GPIO X GPIO Y SDL SDA

QUICK CAPTURE INTERFACE

Figure 1. Typical 8 bit master parallel interface connections

5.0 Mode Summary

The Intel Quick Capture interface is highly configurable and can operate in a variety of modes: Master mode, slave mode, embedded mode, parallel and serial modes. If you are not familiar with the differences between these modes, please take a few moments to read the rest of this section. Note that the terms master and slave are from the image sensors point of view. In master mode, the image sensor is the master and in slave mode, the image sensor is the slave.

5.3 What is Embedded Mode?

Embedded mode is a mode of operation where the line valid and frame valid signals are embedded in the data stream. This mode of operation provides a reduced pin count solution because separate pins are not required for the line and frame synchronization signals. The embedded mode follows the ITU-R BT.656-4 standard for Start-of-Active-Video, SAV, and End-ofActive-Video, EAV encoding convention. Embedded mode is a master mode and therefore the embedded synchronization encoding is generated by the image sensor and sent to the Intel PXA27x processor.

5.1 What is Master Mode?

Master mode refers to a mode of operation where the image sensor module provides the line and frame synchronization signals. The line synchronization signal is commonly referred to as HSYNC or line valid and the frame synchronization signal is commonly referred to as VSYNC or frame valid. For the Intel PXA27x master mode, this means the line valid and frame valid signals are inputs to the Intel PXA27x Quick Capture interface. Master mode is a common option for many of todays image sensors.

5.4 What is the Difference Between Parallel and Serial Modes?

The parallel option is what you might expect for a typical parallel interface. For example, if you have an 8 bit data bus and 8-bit data, all 8-bits get sent at the same time. The serial mode is slightly different than what you might normally think about regarding a serial interface. Serial mode is really a 4- or 5-bit data bus solution for 8- or 10-bit data. For serial mode, 8-bit data is transferred in two 4-bit transfers over a 4-bit data bus. For 10-bit data, two 5-bit transfers are performed over a 5-bit data bus. Therefore, the data is not transferred over a single data line that is typical of serial interfaces. While the serial option provides a reduced pin count solution, currently a parallel interface is more common.

5.2 What is Slave Mode?

Slave mode refers to a mode of operation where the image sensor receives the synchronization signals externally. For the Intel PXA27x slave mode, this means the line valid and frame valid signals are outputs from the Intel Quick Capture interface.

White Paper

Using Intel Quick Capture Technology

CY

YE

CY

YE

MG

MG

CY

YE

CY

YE

MG

MG

Red, Green, Blue Mosaic Pattern

Cyan, Yellow, Magenta, Green Mosaic Pattern

Figure 2. Illustration of RAW Bayer Formats

6.0 Color Space Discussion

The choice of color space is a very important part of any imaging solution. Your choice of color space format can have a significant impact on the overall performance of your imaging solution.

6.1 Color Space Formats

The color sensitivity for modern image sensors is provided by a color filter array (CFA) applied over an array of photo detectors. The detectors convert the light that passes through the CFA material into a signal that is measured and digitized. There is a lot of variation between manufacturers of color image sensors when it comes to the implementations of CFAs. The filter array material is usually applied in an interleaved fashion. The pattern may be either in stripes or a structured mosaic. The component filter material is designed to pass either the primary colors red, green, and blue, or the secondary colors cyan, yellow, magenta wavelengths. A mosaic pattern for RGB and the CYMG color filters is illustrated in Figure 2, Illustration of RAW Bayer Formats.

The RGB color space provides a scheme for three numbers representing the relative proportions of red, green, and blue at each pixel location. When combined, these three additive primary colors can be used to produce any other color. The RGB color space is used for both the capture and display of image data since the varying proportions can be combined easily. However, the human visual system is more sensitive to the luminance, or brightness of the scene, than to the color, so you can realize a reduction in data in the compression process by taking advantage of this characteristic. The separation of the luminance from the color information is accomplished through the color space transformation of RGB to YCbCr. In this transformation, the luminance, Y, is the weighted average of the R, G, and B components, and each chrominance sample is the weighted difference between the luminance and the R and G components in Figure 3, next page.

Using Intel Quick Capture Technology

White Paper

G R B R

G B R

G B R

G B

Y Cr Cb

Y Cr Cb

Y Cr Cb

Y Cr Cb

G R B R

G B R

G B R

G B

Y Cr Cb

Y Cr Cb

Y Cr Cb

Y Cr Cb

G R B R

G B R

G B R

G B

Y Cr Cb

Y Cr Cb

Y Cr Cb

Y Cr Cb

G R B R

G B R

G B R

G B

Y Cr Cb

Y Cr Cb

Y Cr Cb

Y Cr Cb

RGB a:b:c

YCbCr 4:4:4

Figure 3. Illustration of RGB a:b:c and YCbCr 4:4:4 Formats.

The key advantage of using the YCbCr color space is that we can use a lower spatial resolution when compressing or storing the images since the visual system is less sensitive to the color than luminance. The two formats that are most popular use the 4:2:2 and 4:2:0 sampling patterns. In the 4:2:2 format, the chrominance samples are averaged across two spatial locations whereas the 4:2:0 averages them across four sample locations. The 4:2:2 and 4:2:0 sampling formats are illustrated in Figure 4,next page, Illustration of YCbCr 4:2:2 and YCbCr 4:2:0.

6.2 Choice of Color Space

One of the most important decisions to be made when designing your camera solution is to determine what color space format(s) you are going to use. This decision can greatly impact the amount of processing that is done via hardware and how much is done via software. Intel Quick Capture Technology in the Intel PXA27x processor includes some features which can help with the decision process. This is a good place in the discussion to look at an example user scenario for still capture. See Figure 5, Still capture scenario. Additional example scenarios for video capture and video conferencing can be found in Section 9.0, Example user scenarios on page 12.

White Paper

Using Intel Quick Capture Technology

The situation we have with mobile devices is that the user will typically want to display the camera image on their devices screen for preview as well as encode the data into JPEG or MPEG4 formats so the data can be stored on their device as pictures or video clips. The RGB color space format is normally required for viewing images on a display screen like during preview, and the YCbCr color space format is required for encoding. Hence, we have a need for the same data to be in both YCbCr and RGB color space formats. The Intel PXA27x contains a solution for this situation. Another component of Intel Quick Capture Technology is the hardware color space conversion engine in overlay 2 of the LCD controller. The color space conversion engine is capable of accepting YCbCr data and converting it to the RGB color space format.

software-based color space conversion of RGB to YCbCr will be required. If software-based color space conversion is required, check the latest version of the Intel Integrated Performance Primitives for optimized functions to help with that conversion task. More information about Intel Integrated Performance Primitives can be found at the following URL: http://www.intel.com/software/products/ipp/ Because of the conditions outlined above, it is obvious that YCbCr color space format is the most efficient and therefore the preferred input format for the Intel PXA27x. That is why all of the user scenarios in this document use the YCbCr colorspace format.

6.3 Using a RAW format

For applications where the highest quality still images are required, the use of RAW mode along with a software-based RAW processing chain may be desirable. This is another example of where Intel Wireless MMX Technology and Intel Integrated Performance Primitives can be used to increase the performance of your imaging solution. See the latest release of the Intel Integrated Performance Primitives library for image processing related functions. In RAW mode, image data on the interface data bus is treated as just data so no assumptions are made about the format of that data. This allows the Intel Quick Capture Interface to accept data in most any raw format that can be transferred over an 8, 9,or 10 bit data interface. The key issue to remember with the use of RAW mode is that the

Question:
Why is it important that Overlay 2 can accept YCbCr data?

Answer:
Efficiency. 1) This allows incoming YCbCr data to be streamed directly to overlay 2 without first having to do any RGB conversion. The color space conversion engine in overlay 2 can efficiently convert the YCbCr data to RGB for display. Be aware that the converted data is available for display only by the LCD controller and cannot be accessed outside of the LCD controller. 2) The other benefit is that the incoming YCbCr image data can easily be reformatted from YCbCR 4:2:2 to YCbCr 4:2:0, the preferred format for input into an encoder. Another component of Intel Quick Capture Technology is Intel Wireless MMX Technology. It can be used to efficiently perform the 4:2:2 to 4:2:0 conversion.

software running on the Intel PXA27x must be programmed to understand the particular RAW format in which the sensor is providing data. Figure 2, Illustration of RAW Bayer Formats. on page 6 shows examples of RAW color output formats.

Question:
What if the RGB color space is used as the format for the sensor output?

7.0 Can I Use My Particular Sensor with the Intel Quick Capture Interface on the Intel PXA27x Processor?
To help you determine if your sensor will work with the Intel PXA27x processor, review the image sensors datasheet to answer the list of questions that follow.

Answer:
The Intel Quick Capture Interface is easily configured to receive data in a variety of RGB formats. However, if your user scenario is similar to the scenario above where you want to preview data as well as perform encoding, there will be consequences. If the data is received in RGB format, the processor-intensive task of

Question 1
What mode(s) of operation does your sensor support? If parallel mode is supported go to question 1A, if serial mode is supported, go to question 1B

Using Intel Quick Capture Technology

White Paper

Chrominance Subsampled Y Cr Cb Y Y Cr Cb Y

Chrominance Subsampled Y Cr Cb Y Y Cr Cb Y

Y Cr Cb Y

Y Cr Cb Y Y Y Y Y

Y Cr Cb Y

Y Cr Cb Y

Y Cr Cb Y

Y Cr Cb Y

Y Cr Cb Y

Y Cr Cb Y Y Y Y Y

YCbCr 4:2:2

YCbCr 4:2:0

Figure 4. Illustration of YCbCr 4:2:2 and YCbCr 4:2:0

LCD CONTROLLER Video Preview Stream (low resolutionQVGA/QCIF) YCBCr 4:2:2

SWITCH CMOS
sensor

Overlay 2

Still Encode Stream (high resolutionSXGA/VGA, etc.) HIGH RES (SXGA/VGA)

Overlay 1 Format Convert 4:2:2 to 4:2:0 JPEG Still Image Encode

BASE PLANE

Intel Wireless MMX Technology Routines (tentative, subject to change without notice)
TM

Figure 5. Still capture scenario

White Paper

Using Intel Quick Capture Technology

Question 1A
If parallel, the Intel PXA27x processor supports 8-, 9-, and 10-bit formats.

the Intel PXA27x processor but re-formatting of the data via software may be required. Proceed to question 3.

Question 2B
Raw format? If you have read section Section 6.3, Using a RAW format on page 6, you are already aware that the Intel Quick Capture interface is designed to be very flexible when used in the RAW capture mode. Because the Intel Quick Capture interface makes no assumptions about the format of that data, the Intel Quick Capture interface can accept data in most any raw format that can be transferred over an 8-, 9-,or 10-bit data interface. The key issue to remember is that the software running on the Intel PXA27x processor must be designed to understand the particular RAW format in which the sensor is providing data. If your image sensor provides raw data output and you can support that format via software on the Intel PXA27x processor, data format should not be an issue. Proceed to question 3.

The Intel PXA27x processor supports the following parallel modes:

master parallel embedded-parallel slave parallel

If your sensor supports one of the three parallel modes listed above, mode compatibility should not be an issue. Proceed to question 2

Question 1B
If serial, the Intel PXA27x processor supports 4- or 5-bit data bus solutions.

The Intel PXA27x processor supports the following serial modes: master serial embedded-serial (a master mode)

If your sensor supports one of the two serial modes listed above, mode compatibility should not be an issue. Proceed to question 2

Question 3
What interface does your camera sensor require for sensor programming and control? The typical programming and control interface for images sensors is I2C. The Intel PXA27x processor includes support for I2C. If your sensor requires a different programming and control interface, you must determine if any of the other standard interfaces on the Intel PXA27x processor can be used. If you have reviewed all of the questions and were able to find a match for mode, format, and control, the Intel Quick Capture interface will likely be able to work with your sensor. If you found there was an issue during your assessment, it might still be possible to use your sensor with the Intel PXA27x processor but the specific details required to work a solution may be outside the scope of this document. If you have questions or need assistance, please contact your Intel technical representative through http://premier.intel.com.

Question 2
In what output format does your image sensor provide data? If your image sensor provides pre-processed data go to question 2A, if it provides RAW, go to question 2B. If your sensor is capable of providing both pre-processed and RAW, you should read the options for both.

Question 2A
Pre-processed format?

The Intel PXA27x processor can accept pre-processed data in the following formats:

RGB 8:8:8, includes support for un-packed and packed RGB 6:6:6, includes support for un-packed and packed RGB 5:6:5, packed RGB 5:5:5, packed RGB 4:4:4, packed YCbCr 4:2:2, includes support for planer and interleaved

8.0 YCbCr and RGB Color Component Output Order

When evaluating a sensor, it is very important that you are aware that not all sensor manufacturers output YCbCr and RGB color components in the same order. The following tables show the preferred order for the Intel PXA27x processor to receive data for the most popular output formats. The tables are intended to be used along with your image sensor data sheet to determine if your sensor and the Intel PXA27x processor are both using the same format. Programming your sensor to output data as

If your image sensor supports one of the pre-processed modes listed above, go to Section 8.0. The section describes in what order the Intel PXA27x processor expects the color components to be organized. If your sensors output color component order matches what the Intel PXA27x processor expects, the Intel PXA27x processor should be able to capture its output correctly. If it does not, it may still be possible to interface your image sensor to

10

Using Intel Quick Capture Technology

White Paper

DATA BUS

YCbCr 4:2:2 BYTE SEQUENCE

CIF_DD[7] CIF_DD[6] CIF_DD[5] CIF_DD[4] CIF_DD[3] CIF_DD[2] CIF_DD[1] CIF_DD[0] Y pixel components Cb, Cr pixel components Byte sequence

Cb07 Cb06 Cb05 Cb04 Cb03 Cb02 Cb01 Cb00 0

Y07 Y06 Y05 Y04 Y03 Y02 Y01 Y00

Cr07 Cr06 Cr05 Cr04 Cr03 Cr02 Cr01 Cr00 1

Y17 Y16 Y15 Y14 Y13 Y12 Y11 Y10

Cb27 Cb26 Cb25 Cb24 Cb23 Cb22 Cb21 Cb20 2

Y27 Y26 Y25 Y24 Y23 Y22 Y21 Y20

Cr27 Cr26 Cr25 Cr24 Cr23 Cr22 Cr21 Cr20 3

Y37 Y36 Y35 Y34 Y33 Y32 Y31 Y30

0,1 0 1 2 3 4 5

2,3 6 7

Table 3. 8-bit Data Capture Sequence for YCbCr Color Space.

DATA BUS

RGB 5:6:5 PACKED BYTE SEQUENCE

CIF_DD[7] CIF_DD[6] CIF_DD[5] CIF_DD[4] CIF_DD[3] CIF_DD[2] CIF_DD[1] CIF_DD[0] Byte sequence Pixel Byte order Pixel

G2(0) G1(0) G0(0) R4(0) R3(0) R2(0) R1(0) R0(0) 0 LSB Pixel 0

B4(0) B3(0) B2(0) B1(0) B0(0) G5(0) G4(0) G3(0) 1 MSB

G2(1) G1(1) G0(1) R4(1) R3(1) R2(1) R1(1) R0(1) 2 LSB Pixel 1

B4(1) B3(1) B2(1) B1(1) B0(1) G5(1) G4(1) G3(1) 3 MSB

G2(2) G1(2) G0(2) R4(2) R3(2) R2(2) R1(2) R0(2) 4 LSB Pixel 2

B4(2) B3(2) B2(2) B1(2) B0(2) G5(2) G4(2) G3(2) 5 MSB

G2(3) G1(3) G0(3) R4(3) R3(3) R2(3) R1(3) R0(3) 6 LSB Pixel 3

B4(3 B3(3) B2(3) B1(3) B0(3) G5(3) G4(3) G3(3) 7 MSB

Table 4. 8-bit Data Capture Sequence for RGB 5:6:5 Color Space

11

White Paper

Using Intel Quick Capture Technology

DATA BUS

RGB 8:8:8 BYTE SEQUENCE

CIF_DD[7] CIF_DD[6] CIF_DD[5] CIF_DD[4] CIF_DD[3] CIF_DD[2] CIF_DD[1] CIF_DD[0] Byte sequence Pixel

R7(0) R6(0) R5(0) R4(0) R3(0) R2(0) R1(0) R0(0) 0

G7(0) G6(0) G5(0) G4(0) G3(0) G2(0) G1(0) G0(0) 1 Pixel 0

B2(0) B1(0) B0(0) B4(0) B3(0) B2(0) B1(0) B0(0) 3

R7(1) R6(1) R5(1) R4(1) R3(1) R2(1) R1(1) R0(1) 4

G7(1) G6(1) G5(1) G4(1) G3(1) G2(1) G1(1) G0(1) 5 Pixel 1

B2(1) B1(1) B0(1) B4(1) B3(1) B2(1) B1(1) B0(1) 6

Table 5. 8-bit Data Capture Sequence for RGB 8:8:8

shown below will result in the most efficient design as no reformatting or re-organizing of the data via software is required.

Answer:
The Intel PXA27x camera interface can do color component reduction in hardware. Check to see if your sensor can output RGB 8:8:8. The Intel PXA27x can then convert the RGB 8:8:8 into RGB 5:6:5 as the data is received.

Question:
What if my sensor does not output packed RGB 5:6:5 data in format shown in Table 4?

9.0 Example User Scenarios

The figures in this section are some additional user scenarios for mobile wireless devices.

LCD CONTROLLER Video Preview Stream (low resolutionQVGA/QCIF) CMOS

sensor

YCBCr 4:2:2

Overlay 2

Still Encode Stream (high resolutionSXGA/VGA, etc.) HIGH RES (SXGA/VGA)

Overlay 1 Format Convert 4:2:2 to 4:2:0 JPEG Still Image Encode

BASE PLANE

Intel Wireless MMX Technology Routines (tentative, subject to change without notice)
TM

Figure 6. Video capture scenario

12

Using Intel Quick Capture Technology

White Paper

Self Preview Video Stream

LCD CONTROLLER

CMOS
sensor

YCBCr 4:2:2

Display Scaling 2:1 or 4:1 Downscale

Color Space Conversion

RGB565

Overlay 1

Outgoing Video Encode Stream

Format Convert 4:2:2 to 4:2:0

MPEG4 Video Encode

BASE PLANE

Decode of Incoming Baseband Video Stream Base Band Interface

64kbps bitstream

YCbCr 4:2:0

Overlay 2

MPEG4 Video Decode

Intel Wireless MMX Technology Routines (tentative, subject to change without notice)
TM

Figure 6. Video capture scenario

10.0 Interface Bandwidth and Frame Rate Estimation

This section provides an example on how to estimate the Intel Quick Capture interface bandwidth and maximum frame rate. These estimates are for a given resolution, color depth, and pixel clock. Achievable rates in an actual system will depend on such issues as system design, bus loading, and application performance. Please note that the intention of the examples

here are to show you how to determine if a particular interface configuration is capable of providing the desired bandwidth or frame rate. For example, if you desire a frame rate of 25 fps but your calculation shows the configuration has a limit of 15 fps, your goal of 25 fps may not be achievable. Also, dont forget to note the frame rate limit of the image sensor you are considering. For example, some sensors have an internal limits of 15fps when the sensor is programmed for its maximum resolution.

13

White Paper

Using Intel Quick Capture Technology

CAMERA INTERFACE BANDWIDTH ESTIMATOR

bit width of data interface number of bits clocked per cycle pixel clock frequency (cannot exceed 25 MHz) bits/cycle* cycles/sec conversion from bits to bytes Maximum possible Interface bandwidth Interface frame rate estimator color depthprogrammable X resolutionprogrammable Y resolutionprogrammable total pixels in a frame = X resolution * Y resolution bits per frame = pixels per frame * bits per pixel = conversion from bits to bytes Maximum interface frame rate for the resolution and color depth listed above

8 8 25,000,000 200,000,000 25,000,000 25.00

bits bits/cycle cycles/sec bits/sec bytes/sec MB/sec

16 640 480 307,200 4,915,200 614,400 40.00

bits/pixel pixels/frame pixels/frame pixels/frame bits/frame bytes/frame frames/sec

11.0 CCD Compatibility

Question:
Can I use a CCD type image sensor with the Intel PXA27x processor?

considering provides similar interface signals and only requires a simple clock, it is likely the sensor can be used with the Intel PXA27x processor. Through the use of software, it may be possible to use GPIO pins to create a missing interface signal (if required) or for additional signals like a sensor power-down pin.

Answer:
CCD type sensor interface requirements can vary significantly so CCD compatibility must be determined on a sensor by sensor basis. However, some CCD image sensors have an interface that is very similar to the typical CMOS sensor. In this case typical means:

12.0 Conclusion
Intel Quick Capture Technology included in the Intel PXA27x processor provides components designed to make integrating image sensor technology into handheld devices easy and efficient. 1) The Intel Quick Capture interface provides a highly flexible physical interface. 2) The hardware color space conversion engine in overlay 2 of the LCD controller simplifies the requirements for generating a preview image. 3) Intel Wireless MMX Technology and Intel Integrated Performance Primitives provide optimized functions for performing image processing and accelerating application development.

Line valid and frame valid signals are used The sensor can provide data in YCbCr or RGB color space A similar number of data pins Uses I2C for control communication

One of the more critical issues to focus on is the clock timing. Some CCD sensors have complicated clock and timing requirements. Others can use a single clock input like the one typically used by CMOS sensors. If the CCD sensor you are

14

White Paper

Using Intel Quick Capture Technology

For more information, visit the Intel Web site at: developer.intel.com
Performance tests and ratings contained within this document are measured using specific computer systems the approximate performance of Intel products as measured by those tests. Any difference in system hardware or may affect actual performance. Buyers should consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance are considering purchasing. For more information on performance tests and on the performance www.intel.com/procs/perf/limits.htm or call (U.S.) 1-800-628-8686 or 1-916-356-3104 *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Intel, the Intel logo, and Wireless MMX are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. Copyright 2004 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. 0304/MS/MD/PDF and/or components and reflect software design or configuration of systems or components they of Intel products, reference

Please Recycle

300873-001