1.

1Main service functions

CDMA cellular mobile communication system can provide the following services:
1. Telecom services,
2. Data services,
3. Supplementary services,
4. Short message service, and
5. IN serviced.

1.2Networking of CDMA cellular mobile communication system

1.2.1Networking diagram of CDMA cellular mobile communication system
The schematic diagram of the CDMA cellular mobile communication system is shown in
Fig. 1-5.
MS MSC SCP PSTN
ISDN
Um E PSPDN

Abis A B
BTS BSC MSC/SSP VLR

Q C D G

M N
SC SC HLR VLR

M N
M
SME SME
AUC

Fig. 1-5 Schematic diagram of CDMA cellular mobile communication system

The description is given is Table 1-1.
Table 1-1 Abbreviations descriptions
Abbreviations English means

MSC Mobile Switch Center

VLR Visitor Location Register
HLR Home Location Register
SC Short Message center
SSP Service switch point
AUC Authentication Center
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
ISDN Integrated Service Digital Network
PSPDN Packet Switched Public Data Network
SME Short Message Entity
BTS Base Transceiver Station
 BSC Base Station Controller
BS Base Station
MS Mobile Station

1.2.2 Network entity description

Base station subsystem (BSS)

Base station subsystem is the general term for the wireless devices and wireless channel
control devices that serve one or several cells. Generally, a BSS contains one more base
station controllers (BSC) and base transmitter stations (BTS).

1.4.2.2 Mobile switch center (MSC)

MSC is a functional entity that performs control and switching to the mobile stations
within the area that it serves, and an automatic connecting device for the subscriber traffic
between the CDMA network and other public networks or other MSCs. MSC is the
kernel of the CDMA cellular mobile communication system, and it is different from a
wired switch in that an MSC must consider the allocation of the wireless resources and
the mobility of subscribers, and at least it must implement the follows processing
activities:
1. Location Registration processing;
2. Handoff.

1.4.2.3 Gateway MSC (GMSC)

When a non-CDMA subscriber calls a CDMA subscriber, the call will first be routed to
an MSC, which will inquires the corresponding HLR and further route the call to the
called party’s MSC. This kind of MSC is called Gateway MSC (GMSC). It is up to the
network operator to select which MSCs as GMSCs.

1.4.2.4 Visitor location register (VLR)

VLR is responsible for the storage and updating of the subscriber data of mobile stations
that roamed to the service area of this VLR. The VLR is generally configured together
with the MSC. When the mobile station enters a new location area, the MSC will notice
the VLR, which will initiate registration processing to the HLR to update the subscriber
location information. The VLR also stores necessary information for the establishment of
calls in the database for the MSC to search. One VLR can cover one or more MSC areas.
Specifically, the following information is included:
Service profile information (PROFILE)
Mobile identification number/international mobile subscriber identity
(MIN/IMSI)
Shared secret data SSD
Electronic serial number (ESN)
Mobile station authentication data (AUTHEN)
Mobile station authorization data (AUTHOR)
 Mobile station temporary local directory number (TLDN)
Mobile station location area information (LAI)

1.4.2.5 Home location register (HLR)

The HLR provides subscriber information storage and management functions for the
mobile network, including mobile subscriber subscription and cancellation and service
authorization and cancellation. At the same time, it helps in the implementation of
subscriber’s call and service operations. A CDMA can contain one or more HLRs based
on the number of subscribers, equipment capacity and network organization mode, with
multi-HLR mode realized in the form of virtual HLRs. The subscriber information stored
in the HLR includes the following two types in information:
1. Subscription information
Some location information that enables the realization of call routing and accounting,
such as VLR address, MSC address and local mobile station identity.
2. Subscriber-related information stored in the HLR
Mainly including:
Service profile information (PROFILE)
Mobile identification number/international mobile subscriber identity (MIN/IMSI)
Shared secret data SSD
Electronic serial number (ESN)
Mobile directory number (MDN)
IMSI/MIN and MDN are often used as key for access to the mobile subscriber database.
The HLR also contains the following mobile subscriber information:
Telecom services
Data services
IN services
Short message service data
Service restriction (such as roaming restriction)
Supplementary service parameters

1.4.2.6 Authentication center (AUC)

Authentication center is a function entity for the management of authentication
information related to the mobile station. It implement mobile subscriber authentication,
stores the mobile subscriber authentication parameters, and is able to generate and
transmit the corresponding authentication parameters based on the request from
MSC/VLR. The authentication parameters in the AUC can be stored in the encrypted
form. The authentication center is generally configured together with the HLR. The
authentication parameter stored in the AUC include:
1. Authentication key (A_KEY);
2. Share secret data (SSD);
3. Mobile identification number/international mobile subscriber identity (MIN/IMSI);
4. Authentication algorithm (AAV);
5. Accounting (COUNT).

1.4.2.7 Short message center (MC or SC)

As an independent entity in the CDMA cellular mobile communication system, the short
message center works in coordination with other entities such as MSC, HLR to
implement the reception, storing and transfer of the short messages from CDMA cellular
mobile communication system subscribers, and store subscriber-related short message
data.

1.4.2.8 Short message entity (SME)

SME is a function entity for synthesis and analysis of short messages.

1.4.2.9 Operation and maintenance Center (OMC)

The OMC provides the network operator with network operation and maintenance
services, manages the subscriber information and implements network planning, to
enhance the overall working efficiency and service quality of the system. Based on the
main maintenance functions, there two type of operation and maintenance centers: OMC-
S and OMC-R. An OMC-S is mainly used for the maintenance work at the mobile
switching subsystem (MSS) side; an OMC-R is mainly used for the maintenance work at
the base station subsystem (BSS) side. Of course, for an operation and maintenance
system, these two parts are not strictly distinguished from each other. In fact, from the
approach of the whole system, the entire CDMA mobile communication system
(including MSC/VLR, HLR/AUC, SC, BSC, BTS etc.) should be controlled by a highly
efficient operation and maintenance system.

1.2.3Descriptions of inter-entity interfaces

1.4.3.1 Interface between MSC and BSS (A-interface)

In fact, it is the interface between MSC and BSC. Adopting 2Mb/s PCM digital link, the
standard protocols for this interface include IS-634, IOS2.4, IOS4.0 etc.
A-interface is mainly used to transmit the following information:
1. BSS management information,
2. Call processing, and
3. Mobility management information.

1.4.3.2 Interface between MSC and VLR (B-interface)

This interface is an internal interface, without standard definition. Its functions are as
follows:
VLR is the location and management database for subscribers that have roamed into
related MSC area. When the MSC needs the subscriber data of the particular MSC area,
the MSC is to inquire the VLR; in the case of mobile station location updating, the MSC
will request VLR to store the related information; when the user activates the
supplementary services or modifies data, the MSC will request the HLR (through VLR)
to store the related data.
This interface has no standard definition, and generally uses an internal interface.

1.4.3.3 Interface between MSC and HLR (C-interface)

Interface between the MSC and the HLR.
The system adopts the IS-41E protocol. This interface is based on 2Mb/s digital interface
or 64Kb/s interface, with its interface electrical performance conforming to GF002-
9002.1 The General Technical Specifications for Telephone Switching Equipment of the
Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications Volume 1 Digital SPC Switching Equipment
General Technical Specifications Chapter 7 and GB7611-87 Pulse Coding Modulation
Communication System Network Digital Interface Parameters; As for the signaling
specifications, for detailed description of MAP, refer to Technical Requirements for
800MHz CDMA Digital Cellular Mobile Communication Network Mobile Application
Part (MAP); for detailed description of SCCP, refer to GF010-95 Technical Requirements
for National No.7 Signaling Mode Technical Specifications Signaling Connection
Control Part (SCCP); for detailed description of MTP, refer to GF001-9001 China
Telephone Network No.7 Signaling Mode Technical Specifications.
C-interface adopts 24-bit No.7 signaling mode.

1.4.3.4 Interface between VLR and HLR (D-interface)

The system adopts the IS-41E protocol. This interface is based on 2Mb/s digital interface
or 64Kb/s interface , with its interface electrical performance conforming to GF002-
9002.1 The General Technical Specifications for Telephone Switching Equipment of the
Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications Volume 1 Digital SPC Switching Equipment
General Technical Specifications Chapter 7 and GB7611-87 Pulse Coding Modulation
Communication System Network Digital Interface Parameters; As for the signaling
specifications, for detailed description of MAP, refer to Technical Requirements for
800MHz CDMA Digital Cellular Mobile Communication Network Mobile Application
Part (MAP); for detailed description of SCCP, refer to GF010-95 Technical Requirements
for National No.7 Signaling Mode Technical Specifications Signaling Connection
Control Part (SCCP); for detailed description of MTP, refer to GF001-9001 China
Telephone Network No.7 Signaling Mode Technical Specifications.
D-interface uses 24-bit No.7 signaling mode.
This interface is used for switching of subscriber location information, authorization
information and service data. The major service function of a mobile station is: it must
have the capability of initiating and receiving calls within the service area. In order to
support this capability, the HLR has to perform data switching. The VLR notifies the
HLR about the subscriber location information, and provides the subscriber roaming
number. The HLR sends the subscriber service data required by the VLR. The switching
data usually occurs when a subscriber requests for a special service, or when a subscriber
or network operator modifies the subscriber data.

1.4.3.5 Interface between MSC and MSC (E-interface)

The system adopts the IS-41E protocol. This interface is based on 2Mb/s digital interface
or 64Kb/s interface, with its interface electrical performance conforming to GF002-
9002.1 The General Technical Specifications for Telephone Switching Equipment of the
Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications Volume 1 Digital SPC Switching Equipment
General Technical Specifications Chapter 7 and GB7611-87 Pulse Coding Modulation
Communication System Network Digital Interface Parameters; as for the signaling
specifications, for detailed description of MAP, refer to Technical Requirements for
800MHz CDMA Digital Cellular Mobile Communication Network Mobile Application
Part (MAP); for detailed description of SCCP, refer to GF010-95 Technical Requirements
for National No.7 Signaling Mode Technical Specifications Signaling Connection
Control Part (SCCP); for detailed description of MTP, refer to GF001-9001 China
Telephone Network No.7 Signaling Mode Technical Specifications.; the ISUP part is still
to be defined.
E-interface adopts the 24bit No.7 signaling mode. Its functions are as follows:
When a mobile station roams from one MSC to another, the MSC will perform handoff in
order to keep the subscribers’ conversation uninterrupted. In this case data switching must
be implemented between the MSCs.

1.4.3.6 Interface between MSC and EIR (F-interface)

This interface has no standard definition. Its functions are as follows:
When the mobile station is in communication, and the MSC authenticates the mobile
station, it has to inquire the EIR, so as to determine whether the mobile station is legal,
and thus deciding whether to provide services to this mobile station.

1.4.3.7 Interface between HLR and AUC (H-interface)

Currently an internal interface is used. Its functions are as follows:
When the HLR receives an authentication request from an MS, the HLR gets data from
the AUC. When the AUC initiates the authentication instruction to the MS, the AUC
transfers the authentication information to the subscriber via the HLR.

1.4.3.8 Interface between MC and SME and MC (M-interface)

Current the SMPP phase III standard is used. The interface’s function is as follows:
When the short message center performs information interaction with the short message
entity and another short message center, this protocol must be abided by.

1.4.3.9 Interface between HLR and MC (N-interface)

The interface standard is ANSI-41E. Its function is as follows:
When the short message center sends a short message to a subscriber, if the called
subscriber’s address information is not available, it has to inquire the HLR for the
subscriber’s route before it can send the short message to the subscriber.

1.4.3.10 Interface between MC and MSC (Q-interface)

The interface standard is ANSI-41E. Its function is as follows:
During the submission and reception of a short message, short message transfer needs to
be conducted between the short message center and mobile switching center. At the same
time, when the subscriber’s short message capability changes, the mobile switching
center needs to notify the short message center in time.

1.4.3.11 Interface between MSC and OMC

This interface conforms to the network requirements of TMN, and provides standard Q3
interface to the upper-level TMN.

1.4.3.12 Interfaces with PSTN/ISDN (Ai/Di Interfaces)

The CDMA digital cellular mobile network inter-works with PSTN/ISDN through the
mobile switching center (MSC) and provides voice, data and certain supplementary
services for subscribers. Its interfaces are 2048kb/s-based digital interfaces. TUP and
ISUP of the SS7 signaling are adopted with priority as the interface signaling
specifications. Where conditions are not available, China No.1 signaling can be used.

1.4.3.13 Interfaces with Other PLMN Networks

The CDMA digital mobile network is normally connected with different types of PLMN
networks (such as GSM) through other public networks (such as PSTN and ISDN), or
directly connected with other types of PLMN networks. The adopted protocol can be
TUP or ISUP, or China No.1 signaling.

1.4.3.14 Interfaces with PSPDN

The high-layer interface protocol is the IS-658 protocol, and the bottom layer adopts the
X.25 or TCP/IP protocol. This interface is based on 2Mb/s digital interface or 64Kb/s
interface , with its interface electrical performance conforming to GF002-9002.1 The
General Technical Specifications for Telephone Switching Equipment of the Ministry of
Posts and Telecommunications Volume 1 Digital SPC Switching Equipment General
Technical Specifications Chapter 7 and GB7611-87 Pulse Coding Modulation
Communication System Network Digital Interface Parameters; for the details of signaling
specifications, refer to The Technical Requirements for Interface between CDMA Digital
Cellular Mobile Communication Network MSC and PSTN network.
1.3Features MSS system
1. Supporting the CDMA IS 95A/B function, and compatible with the CDMA2000 1X
system;
2. Combining the advantages of domestic and foreign-made mobile switching systems,
the system’s hardware structure, software system and overall technology are all in the
leading position;
3. On the hardware design, ultra scale integrated circuits are adopted to cut down on the
number of stand-along components. This greatly enhances the system’s reliability and
reduces the power consumption;
4. Carried out strictly conforming to the software engineering requirements, the software
programming adopts from-the-top-down, layered and modularized design principle, so
that the software system is easy for maintenance and expansion.

1.3.1 Open signaling interface

MSS is a CDMA mobile communication system developed on the basis of the large-scale
digital SPC switch. It provides externally the MAP protocol interface based on No.7
signaling, which fully conforms to the ANSI-41E specifications. The CDMA mobile
communication system MSS system links with other entities in the network through the
standard MAP signaling. Every independent entity of the CDMA mobile communication
system MSS can be connected with devices of other manufacturers as an individual
product.
1.3.2 High-reliability and high-performance database system
The database system of the CDMA mobile communication system MSS adopts the
advanced cluster technology. High-speed data links are used for the connection between
dual machines, and the disk array supports large-capacity database access.
Microsoft Windows NT operating system is used as the software platform, together with
the powerful commercial database management function of MS SQL Server, ensuring the
safety and reliability of real-time data access.

1.3.3 Networking capability - large capacity and flexible configuration

1. Series products provided, namely MSC, VLR, HLR, AUC, SC, VM, SSP, TMSC2 and
LSTP can be integrated together, and some of them can be independently configured,
with open interfaces provided;
2. The system has excellent inter-network inter-working function, with China No.1 and
SS7 signaling modes provided;
3. Based on multi-level modularized design concept, the system capacity can be flexibly
configured and smoothly expanded, so as to provide the optimum performance-to-
cost solution.

1.3.4 Virtual HLR and SC functions

In order to satisfy the requirements of administration area management, subscribers
belonging to different areas and administration scopes are managed separates. The
number of virtual HLRs and SCs can be flexibly defined according to the system capacity
and management requirements.
The system can support up to 256 virtual HLRs and virtual SCs.

1.3.5Powerful service functions

1. Mobile subscribers’ automatic roaming and mobility management, handoff processing,
authentication processing, failure treatment, operation and maintenance function etc.;
2. Automatic telephone service and mobile data service between mobile subscribers and
PSTN subscribers, ISDN subscribers, and mobile subscribers;
3. Providing supplementary services such as call forwarding, call barring, call
completion, calling number identification, call waiting, call holding, call transfer,
multi-party calling, subscriber PIN access, subscriber PIN interception, Do-not-
disturb service etc.;
4. Providing WIN services such as pre-paid charging service;
5. Layered and phased software design fully takes into account the transition to the third
generation cellular mobile communication system.

1.3.6Excellent compatibility and expandability

The system strictly abides by the CDMA technical specifications and related standards of
the Ministry of Information Industry, and can be successfully inter-connected with
products conforming to these specifications and standards. It provides the open A-
interface, as well as the standard interfaces with PLMN, PSTN, ISDN, PSPDN etc.
The multi-layer and modularized structure is adopted in the system design to enable
flexible capacity expansion and application. The user can perform flexible configuration
according to the actual requirements.

1.3.7Superexcellent reliability
Critical parts, such as the main processor and switching plane, all work in active/standby
and hot backup mode, with the function of automatic switchover at failures, so as to
ensure the uninterrupted operation of the system.
The database system uses Cluster dual-system structure and RAID mode.
The control system adopts dual-system dual-bus structure, with dual-network structure
adopted, to enhance the system reliability.
Security protection measures are taken, such as cascade authority control.

1.3.8 Perfect operation and maintenance system

1. Windows NT is used as the man-machine interface, which provides flexible,
convenient and reliable operations;
2. Multiple near-end and far-end access modes are provided, allowing both local
maintenance and remote maintenance via the network system. Operation maintenance
can be implemented on both the entire system and the specific functional entities;
3. Good security, cascade authority protection;
4. The system is possessed of multiple management functions, such as accounting
management, security management, performance management, failure management,
configuration management, service observation, signaling tracing, version
management, clock management etc. and is able to provide accurately, reliably,
practically and conveniently multiple operation and maintenance facilities, and
corresponding functions can be added based on the actual network operation status
and the users’ requirements;
5. The system provide abundant on-line help contents, with multiple help means such as
table of contents, index etc.; the universal Windows interface and operation modes
tally with the users’ daily operation habit;
6. The Client/Server architecture facilitates the user to obtain the dynamic information
and history information.
 Billing
Q3 Network
center X.25/DDN OMC-S management
center
TCP/IP

HLR/AUC MSC/VLR/SSP SC/VM

PLMN

SS7 PSTN
ISDN
PSPDN
A Interface

BSS
Subsystem

Fig. 1-6 Network structure CDMA cellular mobile communication system solution

1.3.9 Features of CDMA cellular mobile communication system solutions

CDMA cellular mobile communication system has the following features:
1. Standardization
Conforming to IS95A/B and CDMA2000 1X, making full use of the technical
advantages of CDMA;
The No.7 signaling system completely conforms to the related technical
specifications stipulated by the Ministry of Information Industry and passed tests;
Strictly abiding by the country’s mobile communications trade standards for CDMA
mobile communication networks;
Strictly abiding by various CDMA technical specifications and protocols laid by the
Ministry of Information Industry;
The first system that provides GB ISO4.0 and IOS2.x A interfaces. In addition, it
supports the IS634 standard, and is compatible with the CDMA base station systems
of multiple manufacturers;
The kernel network supports the ANSI41-E protocol, and is compatible with the
ANSI41 series protocols;
In the aspect of WIN, the system supports IS-771 and IS-826 and various related
national WIN standard protocols corresponding to these standards;
Providing flexible supports to different frequency bands to facilitate the network
operators’ selection;
The interface with fixed network is air interface or SS7.
2. Superior Performances
The partial separated and modularized system design integrates network entities,
such as MSC and VLR, HLR and AUC, and SC and VM respectively;
The modularized architecture satisfies flexibly and reliably different requirements for
configuration and capacity expansion;
 BSS adopts internally the packet transmission mode, which enhances the E1
utilization;
Supporting various soft and hard handoff modes;
Supporting large number of subscribers;
Flexible and stable accounting and network management;
High security and reliability, and perfect operation and maintenance system;
All the service functions required by CDMA 2000 1X can be realized by means of
addition of hardware entities and software upgrading of the system.
3. Easy Maintenance
Friendly graphic operation and maintenance tools in both Chinese and English;
Universal Windows interface and on-line help;
Well-equipped system maintenance functions;
Multiple communication modes are supported to realize remote/local maintenance,
extremely reliably and conveniently.
Based on the above analysis, we can come the following conclusion: The early stage
investment of this system appears a little bit high, but, in the long run, considering the
transition to cellular network and expansion for new services, this scheme undoubtedly
the best choice. Therefore, we recommend to use this scheme to build up cellular mobile
communication systems.

1.4 Routing plan

Route plan is closely related to the network structure. Digital mobile communication
network usually adopts a 3-level structure: Tandem MSC 1 (TMSC1), Tandem MSC 2
(TMSC2) and local mobile switching center (MSC). That is: TMSC1s are established in
the macro cell, and the TNSC1s are connected one another through meshed networks; in
principle, one or two province-level TMSCs, also called TMSC2s, are established in each
province, and the TMSC2s of various provinces should be connected with the
corresponding TMSC1s; the network is divided into several mobile service local
networks, and each mobile service local network contains one or several MSCs, which
are connected with the corresponding TMSC2s.

1.4.1Setting of circuit groups

The trunk circuit groups between various TMSCs, between TMSCs and mobile end
offices and between mobile telephone end offices can be classified into two types: low
call loss circuit group and high-efficiency direct circuit group.

1.7.1.1 Setting of low call loss circuit groups

Low call loss circuit groups should be provided between TMSC1s.
Low call loss circuit groups should be provided between various mobile end offices and
TMSCs and between TMSC2s and TMSC1s.
The call loss index of low call loss circuit groups should be below 1%, and their traffic is
not allowed to overflow to other routes.

1.7.1.2 Setting of high-efficiency direct circuit groups

High-efficiency direct circuit groups should be established as required between any two
MSCs with high traffic. The traffic of high-efficiency circuit groups is allowed to
overflow to other routes. The specific setting can be carried out according to related
specifications about public networks.

1.4.2Route selection

1.7.2.1 Route selection principles

Routes are generally selected according to the principle of high-efficiency direct routes
first and then low call loss routes. Calls initiated by fixed subscribers to mobile
subscribers are immediately directed to a nearby mobile network, and the mobile network
implements the connection; calls initiated by mobile subscriber to fixed subscriber are
immediately directed a fixed network, and the fixed network performs the connection.
The basic principle of “reliability, fastness and ease for billing” is essentially adhered to
in route selection in China.

1.7.2.2 Mobile subscriber calls fixed subscribers

When a mobile subscriber calls a fixed subscriber, the call is first routed to the GMSC,
and the GMSC performs called number analysis. There are two cases of analysis results:
1. The GMSC routes the call directly to the LS of the fixed subscriber, as shown in Fig.
1-7.

Fig. 1-7 Schematic Route Connection for Call from Mobile Subscriber to Local Fixed Subscriber
2. The GMSC directs the call to the trunk office, and PSTN network is used for the
connection to the fixed subscriber, as shown in Fig. 1-8.

Fig. 1-8 Schematic Route Connection for Call from Mobile Subscriber to Out-of-town Fixed Subscriber

1.7.2.3 Fixed subscriber calls mobile subscribers

When a fixed subscriber calls a mobile subscriber, the call is first directed to the nearby
local GMSC, which implements inquiry of the called route information and connects the
call to the MSC of the called party, as shown in Fig. 1-9.
Fig. 1-9 Schematic Route Connection for Call from Fixed Subscriber to Mobile Subscriber

1.7.2.4 Mobile subscriber calls mobile subscribers

When a mobile subscriber calls a mobile subscriber, the initiating MSC analyzes the
called number, inquires the called subscriber’s route information, and implements call
connection in the mobile network.
1.5 Numbering plan
1.5.1 Numbering plan
1. Mobile Subscriber Directory Number (DN)
DN refers to the number to be dialed by the calling subscriber when the present
network’s mobile subscriber acts as the called party.
The structure of DN is shown Fig. 1-10.

CC + MAC + H0H1H2H3 + ABCD

International mobile subscriber DN number

National valid subscriber DN number

Fig. 1-10 DN structure

In which,
CC: country code, 91 for India
MAC: mobile access code.
H0H1H2H3: HLR identification number, which is assigned by the service
provider;
ABCD: mobile subscriber number.
2. International Mobile Subscriber Identifier (IMSI)
IIMSI is the number that exclusively identifies a mobile subscriber in the CDMA digital
mobile network. The structure of IMSI is shown in Fig. 1-11.

Fig. 1-11 IMSI structure

In Which,
MCC: mobile country code, 404for India
MNC: mobile network code, such as 00 for India
MSIN: mobile subscriber identification number, which is a 11-digit decimal
numeral
3. Mobile Station Identification Number (MIN)
MIN implements mobile station identification as defined by the AMPS standard. The
structure of MIN is shown in Fig. 1-12.
Fig. 1-12 MIN structure
In which,
NPA: numbering plan area;
H0H1H2H3: the same as H1H2H3 in DN;
ABCD: subscriber number.
4. Temporary Local Directory Number (TLDN)
When a mobile subscriber is called, the MSC temporarily assigns a number to the
mobile subscriber to enable the network to perform route selection. The number
structure is shown in Fig. 1-13.

Fig. 1-13 Structure of TLDN

5. Electronic Serial Number (ESN)
ESN is a number that exclusively identifies one mobile station device, and an exclusive
ESN is assigned to each mobile station. It contains 32 bits. The supplier of the mobile
station sets the equipment serial number.
6. System Identifier (SID) and Network Identifier (NID)
In the CDMA network, a pair of identifier numbers (SID and NID) jointly identifies a
mobile service local network. The system identifier (SID) contains 15 bits.
The network operator assigns the SID and NID. “0” an “65535” of the NID are
reserved. “0” indicates those base stations that do not belong to specific NID areas in a
certain SID area, while “65535” indicates the mobile subscriber can roam in the whole
SID.
7. Registration Zone Identifier (REG_ZONE)
REG_ZONE is a number that exclusively identifies a location area in the SID area or
NID area. Containing 12 bits, it is assigned by the network operator, as long as it is not
repeated in the SID or NID range.
8. GT Number Setting
In all messages, the GTI (GT Indication) of the SCCP layer is set as 4.
When the mobile station roams to a new visited MSC, the visited MSC sends messages
to the HLR for the first time (registration message and registration authentication
message). The calling GT of this message SCCP layer should be set as the MSC
number of this MSC, with the translation type (TT) set as 0; the called GT of the SCCP
layer should be set as the IMSI number of the mobile station, with TT set as 0.
When the mobile station is called, the originating MSC sends messages to the HLR.
The calling GT of this message SCCP layer should be set as the MSC number of this
originating MSC, with the translate type (TT) set as 0; the called GT of the SCCP layer
should be set as the MDN number of the called mobile station, with TT set as 0.
When the mobile station sends short messages, the messages can be transferred via the
MC to which the calling mobile station belongs. The called GT of this message SCCP
layer sent to the MC should be set as the MDN number of the mobile station, with TT
set as 128. The calling GT should be set as the MSC number of the calling mobile
station service MSC, with TT set as 0.
When the mobile station receives short messages, the messages can be transferred via
the MC to which the called mobile station belongs. The called GT of this message
SCCP layer sent to the MC should be set as the MDN number of the mobile station,
with TT set as 128.
 The MSC IN, Sender IN and Destination Address parameters in the MAP (ANSI41)
messages should be set as the corresponding GT numbers.
The SCCP layers in other MAP and WIN messages should all be set with corresponding
GT information.
9. Base Station Identifier (BSID)
As a 16-bit integer, BSID exclusively identifies a base station under an NID. It is
assigned by the network operator.