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C-DOT MAX-XL
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C-DOT MAX-XL
INDEX
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C-DOT MAX-XL
Chapter1
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• Base Module
• Central Module
• Administrative Module
i) BASE MODULE
The Base Module (BM) is the basic growth unit of the system. It interfaces
the external world to the switch. The interfaces may be subscriber lines,
analog and digital trunks, CCM and PBX lines. Each Base Module can interface
upto 2024 terminations. The number of Base Modules directly corresponds to
the exchange size. It carries out majority of call processing functions and, in
a small-exchange application, it also carries out operation and maintenance
functions with the help of the Input Output Module.
In Single Base Module (SBM) exchange configuration, the Base Module acts as
an independent switching system and provides connections to 1500 lines and
128 trunks. In such a configuration, the Base Module directly interfaces with
the Input Output Module for bulk data storage, operations and maintenance
functions. Clock and synchronization is provided by a source within the Base
Module. It is a very useful application for small urban and rural
environments.
With minimum modifications in hardware through only one type of card, a
Base Module can be remotely located as a Remote Switch Unit (RSU),
parented to the main exchange using PCM links.
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iii) ADMINISTRATIVE MODULE
Administrative Module (AM) performs system-level resource allocation and
processing function on a centralized basis. It performs all the memory and
time intensive call processing support functions and also administration and
maintenance functions. It communicates with the Base Module via the
Central Module. It supports the Input Output Module for providing man-
machine interface. It also supports the Alarm Display Panel for the audio-
visual indication of faults in the system.
IOP interfaces various secondary storage devices like' disk drives, cartridge
tape drive and floppy drive. It supports printers and upto 8 serial ports for
video display units which are used for man- machine communication
interface. All the bulk data processing and storage is done in this module
Thus, a C-DOT DSS exchange, depending upon its size and application,
consists of Base Modules (maximum 32), Central Module, Administrative
Module, Input/Output Module and Alarm Display Panel. The Base Modules can
be remotely located or co-located depending on the requirement.
Only the even numbered BMs can be configured as RSU i.e. a maximum 16
RSUs are possible in C-DOT DSS MAX-XL and 8 RSUs in MAX-L.
TYPES OF SERVICES
The CDOT DSS of different capacities can be put to use at various switching
nodes in the telecommunication network.
MAX
Main Automatic Exchange MAX is expandable to large capacities of order of
2000 lines or beyond. The MAX may have Remote Modules (RM) and Remote
Line Concentrators (RLC) connected to it.
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RAX
Rural Automatic Exchange (RAX) is a small exchange and is expandable upto
2000 lines capacity. Single Base Module configuration (i.e. CDOT SBM RAX
with or without concentration) comes under the RAX category.
TYPES OF APPLICATION
The system can be put to the following applications:
Replacements
The exchange can serve as replacement of an existing switching system due
to be phased out from the network.
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New Exchanges
Wherever new exchanges are opened, the CDOT DSS MAX can provide the
switching network within the existing telecom network.
Extensions
The capacity of an existing CDOT switching system can be increased. For
example if the capacity of an existing CDOT exchange is 512 points, it can be
increased, to say, 4000 lines.
TYPE OF SYSTEM
The system is Stored Programme Controlled (SPC) which makes it possible to
work in attended/non-attended type of working environment.
TYPE OF NETWORK
The switching network within the system is 4-wire digital.
TYPE OF COMPONENTS
The different type of components used include integrated circuits, miniature
relays, PCB, etc. The connecting scheme between various modules emphasis
connectorised hardware.
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Digit 9 is used for getting access to the Strowger STD tandem for point-to-
point subscriber dialled calls. In CDOT DSS, ‘9’ is used for checking STD
barring etc.
MAXIMUM 16 DIGIT RECEPTION FROM TRUNKS
The system has a provision to receive a maximum of 16 digits from a trunk.
MAXIMUM 40 DIGIT RECEPTION FROM SUBSCRIBERS LINES
The system has a provision to receive a maximum of 40 digits from the
subscriber’s line. A typical case when so many digits could be expected in
CDOT DSS is in case of credit card calling or when the facilities of “Dialling
by Equipment Number” is used etc.
PREFIX 00 FOR ISD THROUGH TAX
Code 00 is used as access code for ISD calls through TAX. In early phases of
ISD working in India, a second dial tone after dialling 00 was fed and was to
be followed by further digits. The scheme has changed now. CDOT DSS
provides for both the schemes of working, with second dial tone and without
second dial tone.
The digits 00 are used when checking for ISD barring; similarly, for near ISD
barring checks, digits 09 are used.
C-DOT DSS provides for this type of working also if needed. The digits 900
are used in CDOT DSS for checking ISD and near ISD restrictions (combined).
NORMAL LINE
Line resistance including subscriber’s instrument may go upto 1200 ohms for
which minimum 30 mA loop current is guaranteed. Insulation resistance
between ‘a’ wire (or ‘b’ wire) and ground or between ‘a’ and ‘b’ wires may
be as low as 20K ohms.
ORDINARY LINE
A subscriber may have an ordinary telephone instrument connected to
his/her line.
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telephone. STD – from STD coin box telephones, the STD calls and calls to
some special services are permitted (Not available presently).
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FIG 1.1
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Chapter 2
2.1 CDOT SYSTEM CAPACITY
2.1.1 INTRODUCTION
The capacity of C-DOT DSS is defined in terms of the following parameters:
• .The termination capacity expressed as the number of lines and trunks
• The amount of traffic (in Erlangs) that can be switched
• The number of Busy Hour Call Attempts (BHCA) that can be processed with
a given call-mix while meeting the overall service quality requirements
Base Module and Line Module are the highest level of system elements Each
Base Module has four Terminal Units whereas a Line Module has six Terminal
Units.
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A maximum of 16 BMs can be connected in MAX-L and 32 BMs can be
connected in MAX-XL configurations.
Table 2.1
Table-2.2
Termination Capacity of Exchange Configurations
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Note: out of the total equipped capacity, a maximum of 30,000 lines may be
remote subscribers through RSUs in MAX-XL whereas 14000 lines may be
Remote Subscriber through RSUs in MAX-L.
This figure is based on the ideal traffic of one Erlang per switched circuit.
But the actual traffic carrying capacity of one switched path is always less
than one in practical application. Accordingly capacities are reduced to not
less than 7,500Erlangs incase of MAX-XL and to 3800 in case of MAX-L
exchanges.
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I. SBM-RAX 250 Erlangs. The BHCA capacity depends on
the type of processor used and it may be
12,500 or 30,000.
Note: For some of the sites already commissioned with one of the first three
configurations, overall BHCA handling capacity may be lower due to use of old
processor cards.
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for the isolation of the faulty subsystem and automatically initiates
diagnostic programs for diagnostic purposes. The diagnostic programs have a
design objective of localizing 95 of the faults to a single PCB level and the
rest to a two PCB level. Provision is also made for safety of charge-records.
The charging information is dumped at regular intervals to non-volatile
duplicated back-up memories automatically. The software maintenance
functions include data audits as well; as system integrity monitors and
controls.
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2.2 SUBSCRIBER FEATURES
2.2.1 INTRODUCTION
The C-DOT Digital Switching Systems offer a wide range of telephony features and
supplementary services. Further capabilities can be developed to meet specific
customer needs. Due to mandatory requirement of exchange of messages between
the switching systems and user's equipment, some of the services are exclusively
offered to ISDN-subscribers. In case of few of the services offered to PSTN and ISDN
subscribers, the implementation of services to PSTN subscribers may be partial and
invocation procedure may also differ.
The subscriber services provided by C-DOT DSS MAX exchanges for PSTN
(Analog) as well as ISDN subscribers are-explained as per their logical
grouping:
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iii) Calling Line Identification Restriction Override (CLIRO)
Subscriber with CLIRO as terminating facility instead of CLIP, receives the
call with the calling line identification even if the calling party has
requested that his (the calling party's) identification should not b« presented
to the called user.
The CLIRO facility is offered at the discretion of the administration to special
category subscribers like the police, hospitals, operator positions and other
emergency centres.
iv) Malicious Call Identification (MCID)
This facility is used for ascertaining the origin of malicious calls. During
conversation the subscriber has to use suitable procedure to notify the
exchange about the malicious call. The detail of the call is recorded in the
exchange which can be retrieved later on. If the caller is from an exchange
which does not support identification of calling line, "junction identity" is
found and an "identification request" may be sent to the originating exchange
by tee exchange personnel.
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ii) Call Forwarding Busy (CFB)
This service permits the served user to request the exchange to forward all
incoming calls to other number if the served users number is not free. The
served user's originating service remains unaffected.
i) Call Waiting
A subscriber engaged in an existing call, is given an indication (Call Waiting
tone or ZIP tone) that another caller is attempting to connect to his number.
The caller will hear ring back tone. By flashing the hook-switch the called
subscriber can talk with either party while keeping the other on hold
(acceptance without clearing). If the called subscriber replaces his handset
in response to the tone (acceptance by clearing), the exchange will
automatically extend ring to the subscriber and re-establish the connection
on answer with the party waiting.
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Multi-Party Services
i) Three party conference
The three party call service enables the served user to establish,
participate in, and control a simultaneous communication involving the
served user and two other parties. The served user can request to convert
two party conversation into a three party conference. During the three
party conversation, the served user can disconnect one party, disconnect
the 3-way conversation or choose to communicate privately with one of the
parties, in which case the call to the other party is held.
When the CONF service is invoked, the serving local exchange allocates
conference resources to the served user and add any existing call indicated
by the served user to the conference. On successful invocation of
conference the served user becomes the 'conference controller'. The
conference Controller may then add, drop, isolate, and reattach parties
from the conference. The conference controller can also hold and retrieve
the conference (e.g. to add parties) and finally end the conference.
Miscellaneous Services
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This service is also referred a Fixed Destination Call - Immediate. This allows
a subscriber to establish calls to a pre-registered number by just lifting the
handset. In this service such a connection is set up immediately upon lifting
the handset, hence the subscriber cannot dial normal outgoing calls.
Incoming calls are not affected by this service.
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v. Intrusion Barring Service
For reasons of call security in terms of fully undisturbed call, subscriber can
avail of intrusion barring facility. This can be useful, for example, when data
transmission is being effected on the line.
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Group Line Supplementary Services
Miscellaneous Services:
To move the terminal from one socket to another within the same
basic access.
To suspend the will and subsequently resume it at the same terminal
& socket.
To replace one terminal by another compatible terminal at the same
socket
To move the call from one terminal, to another compatible terminal
at the same basic access.
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This service is used only in the active phase of a call and not in the call
establishment and clearing phases. In addition the service shall
independently apply to the calling and called user.
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Chapter 3
Hardware Architecture
3.1 GENERAL
The Analog Terminal Unit (ATU) is used for interfacing 128 analog
terminations which may be lines or trunks. It consists of terminal cards which
may be a combination of Line Circuit Cards (LCC), CCB with Metering (CCM)
cards, Two Wire Trunk (TWT) cards, E&M Two wire (EMT) Trunk cards and
E&M Four wire (EMF) trunk cards, depending upon the module configuration.
Also, provision has been made to equip Conference (CNF) card to support
“six party” conference, Announcement (ANN) to support 15 user-friendly
announcement messages, and Terminal Test Controller (TTC) for testing of
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analog terminations. Power Supply Unit (PSU-I) provides logical voltages and
ringing current in the ATU.
The 8-bit digital (voice) output of four LCCs is multiplexed to form a 32-
channel, 2 Mbps PCM link - also called a terminal group (TG). Since a
Terminal Unit has a maximum of 16 terminal cards, there are four such
terminal groups. The signalling information is separated by a scan/drive logic
circuit and is sent to the signalling processor on four different scan/drive
signals. The LCC/CCM also provides test access relay to isolate the exchange
side and line side to test it separately by using the Terminal Test Controller
(TTC).
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scan/drive signals.
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Digital Terminal Unit (DTU) is used exclusively to interface digital trunks.
One set of Digital Trunk Synchronization (DTS) card along with the Digital
Trunk Controller (DTC) card is used to provide one E-1 interface.
Each interface occupies one TG of 32 channels and four such interfaces share
4 TGs in a Digital Terminal Unit. The functions performed by TIC and SP in
Analog Terminal Unit, are collectively performed by the Terminal Unit
Controller (TUC) in the Digital Terminal Unit. The scan functions are - HDB3
to NRZ code conversion, frame alignment and reconstitution of the received
frame. The drive functions include insertion of frame alignment pattern and
alignment information. Each interface can be configured as CAS or CCS
interface.
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3.2.4. ISDN - Terminal Unit (ISTU) (Ref. Fig. 3.2C)
One of the four ATUs/ DTUs in a BM can be replaced by ISTU to provide
BRI/PRI interfaces in C-DOT DSS. The only constraint is that ISTU has to be
principal TU i.e. directly connected to TSU on 8 Mbps PCM link. The ATU/DTU
cannot be used in concentration with ISTU. By equipping one ISTU in the
exchange, a max. of 256 B channels are available to the administrator which
can be configured as BRI, PRI or any mix as per site requirement. Depending
on the requirement of number of ISDN-Interfaces, one or more ISTUs can be
integrated in C-DOT DSS, either in one BM or distributed across different
BMs. For details, refer chapter no. 4.
BPC controls time switching within the Base Module via the Base Message
Switch and the Time Switch Controller. It communicates with the
Administrative Processor via Base Message Switch for operations and
maintenance functions. In a SBM configuration, BPC directly interfaces with
the Alarm Display Panel and the Input Output Module.
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requirement.
TERMINAL UNIT-1
1
(TU-1)
TERMINAL UNIT-2
2
(TU-2)
TERMINAL UNIT-3
3
(TU-3)
TERMINAL UNIT-4
4
(TU-4)
BASE PROCESSOR UNIT
5
(BPU)
TIME SWITCH UNIT
6
(TSU)
NOTE: TU CAN BE ATU, DTU, ISTU or #7SU WITH ONLY EXCEPTION THAT TU-4
SHOULD BE ATU IN CASE OF LINE BM AND ANALOG TRUNK BM
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 26
S S
P P
P P
T C T T T C
S T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T S
I / U U I /
U C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C U
C I I I C I
I I
S S
P P
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 26
D
P D D D D D D D P
T T T T T
S T T T T T T T S
U U U U S
U S C S C S C C U
C I I C 3
I 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 I
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 26
P P I I I I I I L L L L L L
L L L L L L L L L L
S S T C I I C T C C C C C C
C C C C C C C C C C
U U C C C C C C 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 16
1 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 26
H H
P P
P P S S S S T T S S S S P P
B C T T C B
S S H H H H U U H H H H S S
M / U U / M
U U M M M M I I M M M M U U
E B C C B E
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4 3
P P
C C
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
H H
P P
P P
B C C B
S S
M / / M
U U
E B B E
II II
P P
C C
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
P S S P
T M M A M M T T T T T T T T M M A M M T
S C C S
G F F F S S S S S S S S S S S S F F F G
U I I U
A C C B D C I M C S S C M I C D B C C A
II C C II
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