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[CRASH]
COORDINATE GE0METRY
(CIRCLE)


By:- Nishant Gupta
For any help contact:
9953168795, 9268789880

Content marketed & distributed by FaaDoOEngineers.com

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85
Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880


BASIC

1. Standard form of equation of a circle :
Equation of a circle whose centre is (h, k} and radius r units is
(x h)
2
+ (y - k)
2
= r
2

If centre is (0, 0), then equation of circle is x
2
+y
2
= r
2

2. General form of equation of a circle:
A second degree equation in two variables x & y represents a circle if
(i) Coefficients of x
2
and y
2
are equal.
(ii) Terms containing the product of xy is missing.
General equation of a circle is x
2
+ y
2
+ 2gx + 2fy + c = 0.
Centre is ( - g, -f ) =( -
2
1
coeff of x , -
2
1
coeff. Of y )
Radius is c f g +
2 2

Note : While finding centre & radius a circle, we must make sure that the coefficients of x
2
& y
2
are 1
each.
3. Parametric equations of a circle : Parametric equations of a circle whose centre is (h,k) and radius r is
x = h + r cos , y = k + r sin , ( is parameter)
4. Diametric form:
If A (x1,y1 ) & B( x2, y2 ) be diameter of a circle then its equation is
(x x1) (x x2) + (y y1) (y y2) = 0
5. Intercepts on axes by x
2
+ y
2
+ 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
(a) On X axis c g 2
2

(b) On Y axis c f 2
2


ADDITIONAL

CIRCLE

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Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85
Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

1. Tangent :- To find tangent at (x1, y1) change x
2
& y
2
to xx1 & yy1, x & y to
2
1
(x + x1) and
2
1
(y +
y1) resp. (It is denoted by T=0 )
2. A line touches a circle if distance from the centre is equal to radius
y = mx + c is tangent to x
2
+ y
2
= r
2
if c
2
= r
2
( 1+m
2
) & point of contact is ( -
2 2
1
,
1 m
c
m
mc
+ +
) where c =
2
1 m +
3. Chord with given mid-point (x1, y1) is given by T = S1 y
2
= 4ax yy1 2a(x + x1) = y
2
4ax
S1 is obtained by putting (x1, y1) in curve.
4. Joint equation of tangents from (x1, y1) is SS1 = T
2
,
From (2, 3) to x
2
+ y
2
= 16 is (x
2
+ y
2
16) (2
2
+ 3
2
16) = (2x + 3y 16)
2

5. Angle between tangents from an external point 2 tan
-1

1
S
r

6. Chord of contact :It is line joining points of contact of tangents from any external point to a curve.
Its equation is given by T=0
7. Polar/Pole : Polar of any curve w.r.t. to P(x1, y1) is locus of point of intersection of tangents at
extremities of chords through (x1, y1) & the point P is known as POLE.
Tangent, Polar & Chord of Contact have same equation T = 0
Conjugate pts.:- Two pts are said to be so if polar of each passes through other point.
8. Length of tangents from P to any circle is(After changing to standard form)
1
S
Length of direct common tangent of two circles ( )
2
2 1
2
r r d
Length of alternate common tangent of two circles ( )
2
2 1
2
r r d +
Where r1 ,r2 be radii & d be distance between their centers
NOTE : direct common tangent of two circles divides line joining their centres externally in the ratio
of the radii while alternate divides in same ratio internally
9. Common chord of two circles S1 = 0 & S2 = 0 is S1 S2 = 0
Just subtract after changing to standard forms
10. No. of common tangents to two circle with C1 & C2 centres & radii r1 & r2 & if
(i) c1c2 > r1 + r2 then 4 common tangents
(ii) c1c2 = r1 + r2 then 3 common tangents
(iii) | r1 r2 | < c1c2 < r1 + r2 2 common tangents
(iv) c1c2 = r1 r2 only 1 common tangent
(v) c1c2 < | r1 r2 | . No common tangent
11. Director circle :- It is locus of point of intersection of tangents to any circle [for x
2
+y
2
=a
2
Director
circle is x
2
+y
2
=2a
2
]
It is a concentric circle whose radius is 2 times radius of the original circle
12. Angle between two circles : In general angle between two curves is angle between tangents at their
point of intersection
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Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85
Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

If r1 ,r2 be radii & d be distance between their centers then angle is given by Cos =
2 1
2 2
2
2
1
r r 2
d r r +

13. ORTHOGONALITY CONDITION x
2
+ y
2
+ 2gi x + 2f iy + ci= 0 where i = 1, 2
2 (g1 g2 + f1 f2 ) = c1 + c2
NOT IN SYLLABUS OF AIEEE
14. Radical axis :- Locus of a point which moves s.t. tangents from it to two circleS are of same length.
Equation S1 S2 = 0 (same as common chord)
15. Radical centre of S1 = 0, S2 = 0 and S3 = 0. Find radical axes S1 S2 = 0 & S2 S3 = 0
Their point of intersection is radical centre.
16. Limiting point; Circle with radius zero. If (0, 0) is one limiting point then other is

\
|
|
|
.
|
+

2 2 2 2
g f
fc
,
g f
gc

17. Co-axial system :- If every pair of a family of circle have same radical axis.
We have may take its equation as x
2
+ y
2
+ 2gx + c = 0
































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Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85
Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880


1. 2x
2
+2kxy + 2y
2
+ (k-4)x +6y 5 = 0
represents circle of radius
(a) 32 (b) 23
(c) 22 (d) N/T
2. Equation of the circle centred at (1, 2) and
passing through the point of intersection of
the lines x+ 2y= 3 and 3x +y =4.
(a) x
2
+ y
2
-x-2y+1=0
(b) x
2
+ y
2
- 2x-4y +4=0
(c ) x
2
+ y
2
- 2x-4y -4=0
(c) N/T
3. If circle concentric with the circle x
2
+ y
2
+ 4x-
2y + 4 = 0 and with three times its radius.
(a) x
2
+ y
2
- 4x-2y -4=0
(b) x
2
+ y
2
+ 4x-2y -1=0
(c) x
2
+ y
2
+ 4x-2y- 4=0
(d) N/T
4. The equation of diameter of circle x
2
+ y
2
-2x
+ 4 y = 0 which passes through origin is
(a) x +2y = 0 (b) x 2y = 0
(c) 2x +y = 0 (d) 2x y = 0
5. If 4x 3y- 7 = 0 and 8x 6y -39 = 0 are
common tangents to a circle, then radius is
(a) 5/2 (b) 7/2
(c) 5/4 (d) 3/4
6. Equation of the circle having diameters 2x
3y = 5 and 3x 4y = 7 and radius 8 is
(a) x
2
+ y
2
+ 2x + 2y 2 = 0
(b) x
2
+ y
2
+ 2x - 2y + 62 = 0
(c) x
2
+ y
2
+ 2x + 2y - 62 = 0
(d) none of these.

]
7. Number of tangents drawn from (- 5,2 ) to the
circle x
2
+ y
2
14x + 2y - 25 = 0 are
(a) 0 (b) 2
(c) 1 (d) N/T
8. Tangent to x
2
+ y
2
+ 4x - 4y + 4 = 0 making
equal intercepts on axes ,is
(a) x+ y =2 (b) x+ y =4
(c) x+ y=22 (d) x+ y = 8
9. m = ? such that y = mx + 2 cuts x
2
+ y
2
= 1 at
distinct / coincident pts
(a) [ - , - 3 ] U [ 3 , ] (b) [ - 3 , 3 ]
(c) [ 3 , ] (d) None
10. x + y tan = cos touches x
2
+ y
2
= 4 for
(a) /4 (b) /3
(c) /2 (d) N/T
11. Two circles each of radius 5, have common
tangent at (1, 1) whose eqn. is 3x+4y-7= 0.
Then their centers are
(a) (3, 4) , ( -2,3) (b) (4, -3), (-2,5)
(c) ( 4, 5), (-2-3) (d) N/T
12. The length of the tangent drawn form any
point on the circle x
2
+ y
2
+ 2gx + 2fy + = 0
to the circle x
2
+ y
2
+ 2gx + 2fy + = 0
(a) \( - ) (b) \( - )
(c) \ ( + ) (d) None.
13. If circle x
2
+ y
2
6x 4y + 9 = 0 bisects
circumference of the circle x
2
+ y
2
6y + k = 0,
then k equals
(a) 2 (b)26
(c) 15 (d) 1

ASSIGNMENT
CIRCLE

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Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85
Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880


14. From a point on x
2
+ y
2
= a
2
, two tangents
are drawn to x
2
+ y
2
= a
2
sin
2
then angle
between them is
(a) (b)/2
(c) 2 (d) N/T
15. Locus of point of intersection of tangents to
circle x = rcos , y = r sin at points whose
parametric angles differ by / 3
(a) x
2
+ y
2
= r
2
/3 (b) x
2
+ y
2
= 4r
2
/3
(c ) x
2
+ y
2
= 2r
2
/3 (d) N/T
16. C1 , C2 , C3 .. .. .. be a sequence of circles such
that Cn+ 1 is director circle of Cn . If C1 has
radius a then area bounded by Cn & Cn+ 1 is
(a) 2
n
a
2
(b) 2
n-1
a
2

(c) 2
n-2
a
2
(d) 2
2n-2
a
2

17. If radii of smallest & largest circles passing
through ( 3 , 2 ) & touching
x
2
+ y
2
2 2 y 2 = 0 are r 1 & r2 resp
then AM of r1 & r 2 is
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 2
18. Equation of circle through intersection of
x
2
+ y
2
+ 2x = 0 & x y = 0 & having
minimum radius , is
(a) x
2
+ y
2
-1=0 (b) x
2
+ y
2
x-y =0
(c) x
2
+ y
2
2x-2y =0 (d) x
2
+ y
2
x + y =0
19. Chord through ( 2 , 1) to x
2
+ y
2
- 2 x 2 y
+1= 0 is bisected at ( a , 1/2 ) then a is
(a) 1/2 (b) 1
(c) 0 (d) N/T
20. If one of the circles x
2
+ y
2
+ 2ax + c = 0 , x
2

+ y
2
+ 2bx + c = 0 lies with in the other , then
(a) ab > 0 , c > 0 (b) ab > 0 , c < 0
(c) ab < 0 , c > 0 (d)N/T
21. A ray of light incidents at ( -3, -1 ) , gets
reflected from tangent at ( 0 , -1 ) to x
2
+ y
2
=
1
.
If reflected ray touches the circle , then
equation of reflected ray is
(a) -3x + 4y = 5 (b) -2x +3y = 3
(c) 3x - 2y = 7 (d) N/T
22. Equation of circle through & cutting
intercepts of length a & b on axes
(a) x
2
+ y
2
+ ax+ by = 0
(b) x
2
+ y
2
ax by = 0
(c) x
2
+ y
2
+ bx+ ay = 0
(d) x
2
+ y
2
bx-ay = 0
23. The four distinct points (0, 0), (2, 0), (0 2)
and (k, - 2) are concyclic if k =
(a) 5 (b) 6
(c) 7 (d) 8
24. aix + biy + ci = 0 (i = 1,2) cut axes in concyclic
points then
(a) a1a2 = b1b2 (b) a1b1 = a2b2
(c) a1b2 = a2b1 (d) N/T
25. Number of integral values of k such that x
2
+
y
2
+ k x + ( 1-k) y + 5= 0 represents a circle
whose radius cannot exceed 5 is
(a) 14 (b) 16
(c) 18 (d) 20
26. If A(1,4) &B are symmetrical about tangent
to x
2
+ y
2
- x + y = 0 at origin then B is
(a) ( 1, 2 ) (b) ( 2 , 1 )
(c) ( 4 , 1 ) (d) N/T
27. Tangents to x
2
+ y
2
2gx 2fy + f
2
= 0 from
origin are
r
if
(a) g
2
+ f
2
= 1 (b) g
2
- f
2
= 1
(c) g
2
- f
2
= 0 (d) N/T
28. If a line is drawn through point P(o, | ) to cut
circle x
2
+ y
2
= a
2
at A & B, then PA . PB =
(a) o
2
+
2
| (b)o
2
+
2
| -a
2

(c) a
2
(d) N/T
29. Tangents to x
2
+ y
2
2px 2qy + q
2
= 0 from
origin are
r
if
(a) p
2
= q
2
(b) p
2
+ q
2
= 1
(c) p = q/2 (d) q = 1/ 2
30. Locus of center of circle thro ( 1,2 ) & cutting
x
2
+ y
2
= 4 orthogonally is
(a) x
2
+ y
2
3x 8y + 1 = 0
(b) x
2
+ y
2
6x - 2y = 7
(c) 2x + 4y 9 = 0
(d) 2x + 4y 1 = 0
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Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85
Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

31. Chord of contact of tangents from P to x
2
+ y

2
= a
2
always touches x
2
+ y
2
2ax = 0 ,
locus of P is
(a) y
2
= a( a-2x) (b) x
2
+ y
2
= ( x- a)
2

(c) x
2
= a( a-2y) (d) N/T
32. The locus of the center of the circle x
2
+ y
2
+
4x cos u - 2 y sin u - 10 = 0 is
(a) an ellipse (b) a circle
(c)a hyperbola (d) a parabola
33. Locus of poles of
2 2 2
a y x = + & so that
polar is always touching
2 2 2
b y x = + is
(a)
4 2 2 2
b ) y x ( a = + (b)
4 2 2 2
a ) y x ( b = +
(c)
2 2 2 2
b a y x + = + (d) None
34. Distances of centers of x
2
+ y
2
2 ix = c
2

( i= 1,2,3 ) from origin are in GP then lengths
of tangents from any pt. of x
2
+ y
2

= c
2
to these circles are in
(a) AP (b) GP
(c) HP (d) None
35. If chord of contact of tangents drawn from a
pt. on
2 2 2
a y x = + to
2 2 2
b y x = + touches
2 2 2
c y x = + , then a, b, c are in
(a) A.P (b) G.P
(c) H.P (d) None
36. If abscissae & ordinates of points P & Q are
roots of x
2
+ 2ax = b
2
& x
2
+ 2px = q
2
resp
circle with P Q as diameter is
(a) x
2
+ y
2
+ 2ax + 2py b
2
q
2
= 0
(b) x
2
+ y
2
2ax 2py + b
2
+ q
2
= 0
(c) x
2
+ y
2
2ax2py b
2
q
2
= 0 (d) None
37. Circles x
2
+ y
2
+ x + y = 0 & x
2
+ y
2
+ x y = 0
intersect at an angle of
(a) t /6 (b) t /4
(c) t /3 (d) N/T
38. Image of x
2
+ y
2
6x + 8 = 0 & y = x is
(a) x
2
+ y
2
6y + 8 = 0 (b) x
2
+ y
2
6y = 8
(c) x
2
+ y
2
+ 6x + 8 = 0 (d) N/T
39. Greatest distance of point (10, 7) from circle
x
2
+ y
2
4x 2y 20 = 0 is
(a) 10 (b) 15
(c) 5 (d) N/T
40. Two circles, each of radius 5, have a common
tangent at (1, 1) whose equation is 3x + 4y 7
= 0. Then their centres are
(a) (4, -5), (-2, 3) (b) (4, -3), (-2, 5)
(c) (4, 5) , (-2, -3) (d) N/T
41. If 4 y x
2 2
= + & 9 4 y x
2 2
+ + =0 have
two common tangent then is
(a)
(

e
8
13
,
8
13
(b)
8
13
> or
8
13
<
(c) 8 / 13 < (d) None
42. Two circles x
2
+ y
2
= 6 and x
2
+ y
2
6x + 8 = 0
are given. Then circle through their point of
intersection and the point (1, 1) is
(a) x
2
+ y
2
6x + 4 = 0 (b) x
2
+ y
2
3x + 1 = 0
(c) x
2
+ y
2
4y + 2 = 0 (d) N/T
43. Let PQ & RS be tangents at extremities of
diameter PR of circle of radius r . If PQ & RS
intersect at X on circumference of the circle ,
then 2r is
(a) RS . PQ (b)
2
RS PQ+

(c)
RS PQ
RS . PQ 2
+
(d)
2
RS PQ
2 2
+

44. Two circles of radii a and b ( a > b )
touch each other externally. Then the radius
of circle which touches both of them
externally and also their direct common
tangent is
(a)
( )
2
b a
ab
+
(b) ab
(c) (a+b ) /2 (d) N/ T
45. If tangents to 1
b
y
9
x
2
2 2
= + through ( 1 ,23 )
are at right angles then b is
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 1

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Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85
Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880





























ANSWER (CIRCLE)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
d b c c c d a c a d c a c c b
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
b a d d c a b a a b c c b a c
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
ab a b b b a d a b c d b a a a