MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT LOGO

Machine Design & CAD - II GEAR DESIGN PROJECT

Rack & Pinion Gear Design

GROUP MEMBERS

Khalil Raza Bhatti 07ME40 GL 07ME34 AGL Ayaz Ali Soomro 07ME31 07ME3"

Waqas Ali Tunio Waqar Ahm ! Bhutto

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Contents

Introduction ! " # $ Design Met odolog! Design Consideration Design Calculation Conclusion

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Pro"ect #$"ecti%es&
'nderstand rack and pinion gear (ec anis(. Co(e up wit an inno%ati%e solution )or $uilding t at design as a standard one. Deter(ine t e %arious )orces t at are (es ed wit in gears. In conte*t o) all t e gear para(eters re)erring to rig t selection o) (aterial )or rack and as well as )or pinion.

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Need
Need is to de%elop a s!ste( )or closing and opening o) railwa! crossing gate wit rack and pinion (ec anis(. In order to design t at we will a%e to assu(e so(e data as s own&
Gate is to slide on a rail $! rail and w eel (ec anis(. +liding pat is )rictionless. Two rack and pinion gears are used to slide gate on rail as load will uni)or(l! $e distri$uted (ounted on its ends.

Rack and Pinion Gear Design

Rack , Pinion Gear

A rack and pinion gears s!ste( is co(posed o) two gears. T e nor(al round gear is t e pinion gear and t e straig t or )lat gear is t e rack.
T e rack as teet cut into it and t e! (es wit t e teet o) t e pinion gear.
.

Pinion

Rack

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-asic Mec anis(

Rack and Pinion Gear Design

Rack , Pinion Gear

contd.

Rack and pinion gears pro%ide a greater )eed$ack and steering sensation. A well designed (ec anis( suc as t e rack and pinion gears sa%e e))ort and ti(e.
.

Rack and Pinion Gear Design

Rack , Pinion Gear

contd.

Rack and Pinion Gear Design

Designing Rack , Pinion Gear.

Engineering Design
*! nti+y a ,
.

Conceptual Design Preli(inar! Design .inal Design Manu)acture +ales , Deli%er!

Designing Rack , Pinion Gear

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Rack , Pinion
Rack & Pinion T)o %(&es
Rack and pinion gears are a%aila$le in two %ariations

S%raigh% %ee%h or S&'r T(&e

*e+ica+ %ee%h or *e+ica+ T(&e

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Design Re/uire(ents
Basic Design Characteristic

Speed

Effort

Force

Rack & Pinion

Max: Weight Dimensions

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Preli(inar! Design
.or spur gear design0 pinion and rack $ot a%e straig t teet or spur geo(etr! o) teet . +o )or we will )irst consider t e design o) pinion as spur gear.

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+pur Gear Design and +election

O,-ec%i.es

1 Calculate )orces on teet o) spur gears0 including i(pact )orces associated wit %elocit! and clearances. 1 Deter(ine allowa$le )orce on gear teet 0 including t e )actors necessar! due to angle o) in%olute o) toot s ape and (aterials selected )or gears. 1 'nderstand ow lu$rication can cus ion t e i(pact on gearing s!ste(s and cool t e(.

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S&eci/ica%ions /or s%an0ar0 Gear Tee%h

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.orces on +pur Gear Teet

.t 2 Trans(itted )orce .n 2 Nor(al )orce. .r 2 Resultant )orce 3 2 pressure angle .n 2 .t tan 3 .r 2 .t4Cos 3

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.orces on +pur Gear Teet

Po)er1 P2 3

Tor4'e1

Co($ining t e a$o%e we can write&

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+ur)ace +peed
+ur)ace speed 56(7 is o)ten re)erred to as pitc 8line speed&

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+trengt o) Gear Teet

Le)is /or5 /ac%or 5e%ho0
Lewis e/uation

.s 2 Allowa$le d!na(ic $ending )orce 5l$7

+n 2 Allowa$le stress. 'se endurance li(it and account )or t e )illet as t e stress concentration )actor $ 2 .ace widt 5in.7 9 2 Lewis )or( )actor 5.ro( Ta$le7 Pd 2 Dia(etral pitc

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Le)is /or5 /ac%ors 678

Ta,+e

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Classes o) Gears
1 Trans(itted load depends on t e accurac! o) t e gears 1 Gear Manu)acture : Casting : Mac ining 1 .or(ing 1 Ho$$ing 1 + aping and Planing : .or(ing

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.orce Trans(itted
Trans(itted load depends on t e accurac! o) t e gears. A d!na(ic load )actor is added to take care o) t is. 1 .t 2 Trans(itted )orce 1 .d 2 D!na(ic )orce 1 Co((ercial

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Classes o) Gears
Care)ull! cut

Precision

Ho$$ed or s a%ed

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E*pected error in toot pro)iles

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Design Met ods

1 +trengt o) gear toot s ould $e greater t an t e d!na(ic )orce; .s < .d 1 9ou s ould also include t e )actor o) sa)et!0 Ns).

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+er%ice .actors

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.ace widt o) Gears

Relation $etween t e widt o) gears and t e dia(etral pitc .

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D!na(ic -ea( +trengt o) t e Gear

To increase %he 0(na5ic ,ea5 s%reng%h o/ %he gear
: Increase toot si=e $! decreasing t e dia(etral pitc : Increase )ace widt upto t e pitc dia(eter o) t e pinion : +elect (aterial o) greater endurance li(it : Mac ine toot pro)iles (ore precisel! : 'se proper lu$ricant and reduce conta(ination

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-ucking a( Met od o) Gear Design

1 It o))ers greater )le*i$ilit!. 1 E*pected error is $ased on di))erent8pitc teet . 1 More conser%ati%e design.

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>ear strengt 5-ucking a(7

.w 2 toot wear strengt . Dp 2 dia(etral pitc o) pinion. Dg 2 dia(etral pitc o) gear. $ 2 )ace widt . ?g 2 load stress )actor.

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Re)erence
www.gear(anu)acture.co( www.rackandpinion.design.net www.gear)actor!.co( www.(ec anicaldesign.co( >ikipedia searc Mac ine Design R.+. ? ur(i Hand $ook o) (ec anical engineering.

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Conclusion
+o )ar we a%e $een a$le to calculate t e design o) pinion onl! in t e ne*t p ase o) pro"ect we will $e designing t e rack. Passed on )unda(ental knowledge o) rack and pinion gear (ec anis( and it design procedure , )inall! selecting t e rig t (aterial )or it.

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