Um Interface and

Radio Channels

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Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Contents
1. Overview

2. Processing of Voice Signal

3. Radio Channel

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Radio Interface
Another MSC
PSTN
ISDN
BTS

BSC

MS A-bis A MSC/VLR

HLR/AUC
MS
SMC
OMC
Um

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Hierarchical Structure of Um Interface
Communication management (CM)
Network application layer (L3)
Mobility and security management
(MM)

Radio resources management (RR)

Data link layer (L2)

Integrated management

RACH BCCH AGCH/PCH SDCCH SACCH TCH FACCH

Physical link layer (L1) TCH0 TCH1 TCH2 。。SACCH

。。 。。TCH23
。。 IDL
Multiframe

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Radio Access Technology
Time Time TDMA
FDMA

Frequency Frequency

Time
CDMA

Code

Frequency

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Radio Access Technology
Time Time TDMA
FDMA

Frequency Frequency

Time
CDMA

Code

Frequency

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 Contents
1. Overview

2. Processing of Voice Signal

3. Radio Channel

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 Voice Signal Processing

20ms
8KHz，
，13bit Segme Speech 13kbit/s
Voice A/D
A/D Segme Speech Channel
ntation coding Channel coding
coding
ntation coding

22.8kbit/s

33.8kbit/s
Interleaving
Interleaving Encryption
Encryption Burst
Burst formatting
formatting Modulation
Modulation Transmission

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Speech Coding

The coding mode is called Regular Pulse Excited-Long
Term Prediction (RPE-LTP).

It works as follow: 8KHZ of sampling is performed first, then

divided into frames with 20ms; every frame has 4 sub-
frames; the duration of every sub-frame is 5ms; and the
pure bit rate is 13kbit/s.

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Channel Coding
+3 *2+4

Block
Block
50bit
coder
coder
456bit
Excited
Excited
coder
coder
132bit

78bit

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 Interleaving
B
11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 ...
... ...
... 452
452 453
453 454
454 455
455 456
456

First interleaving: B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
. . . . . . . .
.... . . . . . . . .
....
. . . . . . . .
449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456

Second interleaving:

{A4,B0}
{A4,B0} {A5,B1}
{A5,B1} {A6,B2}
{A6,B2} {A7,B3}
{A7,B3} {B4,C0}
{B4,C0} {B5,C1}
{B5,C1} {B6,C2}
{B6,C2} {B7,C3}
{B7,C3}

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 Interleaving
B
11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 ...
... ...
... 452
452 453
453 454
454 455
455 456
456

First interleaving: B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
. . . . . . . .
.... . . . . . . . .
....
. . . . . . . .
449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456

Second interleaving:

{A4,B0}
{A4,B0} {A5,B1}
{A5,B1} {A6,B2}
{A6,B2} {A7,B3}
{A7,B3} {B4,C0}
{B4,C0} {B5,C1}
{B5,C1} {B6,C2}
{B6,C2} {B7,C3}
{B7,C3}

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Voice Burst

33 57
57 11 26
26 11 57
57 33

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Timing Advance (TA)

The mobile phone should

send the signal in advance!!

TA
Transmission delay t

Transmission delay t

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Timing Advance (TA)

The mobile phone should

send the signal in advance!!

TA
Transmission delay t

Transmission delay t

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Frequency Hopping
Frequency

f0

f1

f2

f3

f4

Frame Time

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Frequency Hopping
Frequency

f0

f1

f2

f3

f4

Frame Time

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DTX

DTX: Discontinuous Transmission
 Shut off the transmission at voice intervals;

 Only transmit SID frames’

 The transcoder at the RX terminal produces comfortable noise.

VAD: Voice Activity Detection

 Implemented by the transcoder.

Prolong battery life and

reduce interference

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DTX

DTX: Discontinuous Transmission
 Shut off the transmission at voice intervals;

 Only transmit SID frames’

 The transcoder at the RX terminal produces comfortable noise.

VAD: Voice Activity Detection

 Implemented by the transcoder.

Prolong battery life and

reduce interference

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Power Control

Prolong battery life

Reduce network interference

Include both uplink power control and downlink power control

Level and quality are taken into account

BSC or BTS is the final adjudicator

Signal level

Target level value:

BCCH Carrier is not e.g. -85 dm
involved in power control.

Time

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 Contents
1. Overview

2. Processing of Voice Signal

3. Radio Channel

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Frame and Channel
Frequency

200kHz

BP Time
Slit

15/26ms

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 Logical Channel Type

GSM900 and DCS1800 have the same logical channel category

Logical channel

Common channel Dedicated channel

(CCH) (DCH)

Broadcast control channel Common control channel Control channel Voice channel
(BCH) (CCCH) (TCH)

FCCH SCH BCCH PCH AGCH RACH FACCH TCH/F TCH/H

SDCCH
(system information)

SACCH

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Downlink Logical Channel

FCCH
Common BCCH SCH
Channel BCCH

PCH
CCCH
AGCH

SDCCH
Dedicated DCCH SACCH
Channel FACCH

TCH/F
TCH
TCH/H

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Downlink Logical Channel

FCCH
Common BCCH SCH
Channel BCCH

PCH
CCCH
AGCH

SDCCH
Dedicated DCCH SACCH
Channel FACCH

TCH/F
TCH
TCH/H

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Uplink Logical Channel

Common
channel
RACH CCCH

SDCCH
DCCH Dedicated
SACCH
channel
FACCH

TCH/F
TCH
TCH/H

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Uplink Logical Channel

Common
channel
RACH CCCH

SDCCH
DCCH Dedicated
SACCH
channel
FACCH

TCH/F
TCH
TCH/H

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 Use of Logical Channels
“off” state
Search for frequency correction burst FCCH
Search for synchronization sequence SCH
Read system information BCCH
idle mode
Listen paging message PCH
Send access burst RACH
Wait for signaling channel allocation AGCH
dedicated Call setup SDCCH
mode
Assign traffic channel SDCCH
Conversation TCH
Call release FACCH
idle mode

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Burst
• Access burst (AB): Used in MS initial access
Guard interval
Tail bit Data Tail bit

41 synchronous 36 encrypted
8bit bits
3bit 68.25bit
bits

• Frequency correction burst (FB): Used in frequency synchronization

between MS and BTS
Tail bit Data Tail bit Guard interval

3bit 142bit 3bit 8.25bit

• Synchronous burst (SB): Used in timing synchronization between MS

and BTS
Tail bit Data Data Tail bit Guard interval

39 encrypted 39 encrypted
3bit bits
64 synchronous bits
bits
3bit 8.25bit

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Burst

• Normal burst (NB): Used to carry the information of the traffic channel
and the control channel except for RACH
Tail bit Data Training sequence Data Tail bit Guard interval

3bit 57 encrypted bits 1 26bit 1 57 encrypted bits 3bit 8.25bit

Frame
stealing
flag

• Dummy burst (DB): Used in transmission of filling frames by

BTS at timeslots when there is no information delivered
Tail bit Tail bit Guard interval

3bit 142 modulation bits 3bit 8.25bit

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Physical Combination of Logical Channel

26-frame multi-frame
TCH/F+SACCH/F (full-rate TCH)
TCH/H+SACCH/H (half-rate TCH)

51-frames multi-frame
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH (main BCCH)
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4+SACCH/4 (combined BCCH)
BCCH+CCCH (extended BCCH)
SDCCH/8+SACCH/8 (main SDCCH)

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Structure of Main BCCH
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink
Group3,4
Group Group1 Group2 (same as Grpup5
Group2)

Channel F S BX4 CX4 F S CX4 CX4 …… F S CX4 CX4 I

Frame
0 1 2-5 6-9 10 11 12-15 16-19 20-39 40 41 42-45 46-49 50
Number

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink

Channel R R R R R R R R R R R R R R……R R R R R

Frame
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13-46 47 48 49 50
Number

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; I:IDLE; R:RACH

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Structure of Combined BCCH
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink

Group Group1 Group2 Group3 Group4 Grpup5

B× C× C× C× D0 D1 D2 D3 A0 A1
Channel F S F S F S F S F S I
4 4 4 4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4

B× C× C× C× D0 D1 D2 D3 A2 A3
Channel F S F S F S F S F S I
4 4 4 4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4

Frame 12- 16- 22- 26- 32- 36- 42- 46-

0 1 2-5 6-9 10 11 20 21 30 31 40 41 50
Number 15 19 25 29 35 39 45 49

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink

Channel D3×4 R R A2×4 A3×4 R……R D0×4 D1×4 R R D2×4

Channel D0×4 R R A0×4 A1×4 R……R D0×4 D1×4 R R D2×4

Frame
0-3 4 5 6-9 10-13 14-36 37-40 41-44 45 46 47-50
Number

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; D:SDCCH ;A:SACCH; I:IDLE; R:RACH

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 Structure of Logical Channel
Combination Frame-Main SDCCH
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink

D0× D1× D2× D3× D4× D5× D6× D7× A0× A1× A2× A3×
Channel I I I
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

D0× D1× D2× D3× D4× D5× D6× D7× A4× A5× A6× A7×
Channel I I I
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Frame 12- 16- 20- 24- 28- 32- 36- 40- 44-
0-3 4-7 8-11 48 49 50
Number 15 19 23 27 31 35 39 43 47

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink

A5× A6× A7× D0× D1 D2× D3× D4× D5× D6× D7× A0×
Channel I I I
4 4 4 4 ×4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
A1× A2× A3× D0× D1 D2× D3× D4× D5× D6× D7× A4×
Channel I I I
4 4 4 4 ×4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Frame 15- 19- 23- 27- 31- 35- 39- 43- 47-
0-3 4-7 8-11 12 13 14
Number 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50

D:SDCCH; A:SACCH; I:IDLE

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 Structure of Logical Channel
Combination Frame-TCH

1 multi-frame (26TDMA Frames) 120ms

Channel T T T T T T T…T A T,,,T T T T T T T I

Frame
0 1 2 3 4 5 6…11 12 13…18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Number

T:TCH;A:SACCH; I:IDLE

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 Frame
1 hyper frame=2048 super-frames=2715648TDMA frames (3 hours, 28 minutes, 53 seconds and 760 milliseconds)

TCH 0 1 2 3 2044 2045 2046 2047

SACCH/T
FACCH BCCH
1 super-frame=1326TDMA frames (6.12 seconds) CCCH
SDCCH
0 1 2 3 47 48 49 50
0 1 24 25

1 multiframe=26TDMA frames (120ms) 1 multiframe=51TDMA frames (3060/13ms)

0 1 24 25 0 1 49 50

1TDMA frame=8 timeslots (120/26=4.615ms)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 timeslot=156.25 bit duration (15/26=0.577ms)

(1 bit duration: 48/13=3.68us)
TB 26 training TB GP
Normal burst (NB) 3 58 information bits sequences 58 information bits 3 8.25
TB GP
Frequency correction burst (FB) TB Constant bit 142 3 8.25
TB: Tail bit
3
TB GP GP: Guard period
Synchronous burst (SB) TB Information bit 39 Extended training sequence 64 Information bit 39
3 3 8.25
TB Synchronous sequence 41 TB GP 68.25
Access burst (AB) 3 Information bit 36 3

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 Frame
1 hyper frame=2048 super-frames=2715648TDMA frames (3 hours, 28 minutes, 53 seconds and 760 milliseconds)

TCH 0 1 2 3 2044 2045 2046 2047

SACCH/T
FACCH BCCH
1 super-frame=1326TDMA frames (6.12 seconds) CCCH
SDCCH
0 1 2 3 47 48 49 50
0 1 24 25

1 multiframe=26TDMA frames (120ms) 1 multiframe=51TDMA frames (3060/13ms)

0 1 24 25 0 1 49 50

1TDMA frame=8 timeslots (120/26=4.615ms)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 timeslot=156.25 bit duration (15/26=0.577ms)

(1 bit duration: 48/13=3.68us)
TB 26 training TB GP
Normal burst (NB) 58 information bits sequences 58 information bits 3 8.25
3
TB GP
Frequency correction burst (FB) TB Constant bit 142 3 8.25 TB: Tail bit
3
Extended training GP: Guard period
TB Information bit 39 TB GP
Synchronous burst (SB) sequence 64 Information bit 39 3 8.25
3
TB Synchronous sequence 41 Information bit 36 TB GP 68.25
Access burst (AB) 3 3

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Configuration of Common Control Channel

Downlink CCCH Uplink CCCH

PCH AGCH RACH

How to determine the total CCCH resources of the cell? How to

allocate AGCH and PCH reasonably?

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Thank you
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