Microsoft Power Point - 9 OMF000407 Multiple Rate Algorithm ISSUE2

Multiple Rate Algorithm
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Understand the multiple rate algorithm function and types.
Master the parameters of multiple rate algorithm.
Be able to configure the data of multiple rate algorithm.
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Full Rate
Traffic Channel (TCH) carries coded voice data. The full-
rate TCH is initially adopted to carry information at the
gross rate 22.8Kbit/s. The information contains the source
coding rate of 13Kbit/s.
As technologies develop, the enhanced full rate, half rate,

multiple rate and other coding are introduced.
Circuit Pool Function
“Circuit pool number” actually represents the circuit type,
indicating the support capability of the voice codec.
Different circuit pool numbers can support different voice rates.
Circuit Pool Number Supported Rate
1 FR speech version 1；FR data (12, 6, 3.6 Kbps)

2 HR speech version 1；HR data (6, 3.6 Kbps)
FR speech version 1；FR data (12, 6, 3.6 Kbps)；
3
HR speech version 1；HR data (6, 3.6 Kbps)
FR speech version 1；FR speech version 2
5
FR data (12, 6, 3.6 Kbps)
FR speech version 2；FR data (12, 6, 3.6 Kbps)

6
HR speech version 1；HR data (6, 3.6 Kbps)
Circuit Pool Number Supported Rate

7 FR data (12, 6, 3.6 Kbps)；HR speech version 1
HR data (6, 3.6 Kbps)
23 FR speech version 3；HR speech version 3
24
HR speech version 3
HR speech version 3
27
HR speech version 1；HR speech version 3
HR data (6, 3.6 Kbps)
Contents
1. EFR
2. HR
3. AMR
The Function of EFR
The Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) is a speech coding scheme with
an enhanced full rate. Using this coding scheme, you can provide
services with better speech quality.
In the wireless communications system, the EFR applies to only
speech services and is irrelevant to data services or signaling
services.
The EFR function adopts the CELP( Code Excited Linear
Predictive Coding) coding scheme, thus improves the quality of
the speech signal.
When EFR is adopted, the transmission rate of the speech
signal of an MS on the air interface is 12.2 kbit/s.
EFR Call Set-up Flow
Start
Speech version in the

assignment request is EFR
Determine whether the circuit No

pool where a call ocuupies the Common call (FR)
CIC supports EFR
Yes
EFR call
Finish
EFR Call Signaling Processing
MS BTS BSC MSC
ASS REQ(1)
Channel ACT(2)
Channel ACT ACK(3)
ASS CMD(4)
SABM(5)
UA(6)
EST IND(7)
ASS CMP(8)
ASS CMP(9)
EFR Data Configuration
In BSC, to support EFR function, it is necessary to configure
the number of the circuit pool in A interface.
If the half rate and AMR functions are not adopted, the
number of the circuit pool for the EFR function is
recommended to set to 5.
You can dynamically modify the number of the circuit pool
that the circuits reside on the FTC board. choose BSC
Dynamic Configuration without Command Trunk Circuit.
The dialog box is displayed as shown in following slides.
Click Trunk Circuit.
The select FTC dialog box is displayed as shown in the following.
Contents
1. EFR
2. HR
3. AMR
The Function of HR
The half rate voice coding uses a new voice coding
algorithm to reduce the voice coding rate to half that of full
rate voice service. Thus, one physical channel that can
only support one call under the full rate can support two
calls under half rate.
If the half rate service is used, the voice capacity expands

twice without adding TRXs. By adopting half rate service,
the operator can fully use the current network to expand
the system capacity. This saves the cost and eases the
spectrum use.
The Function of HR
T T T T T T S T T T T T T
T T T T T T T T T T T T S T T T T T T T T T T T T I
T T T T T T T T T T T T S
The Function of HR
Single：When a timeslot is used as two TCH/H channels, one
TCH/H channel is busy and another is idle. The idle
TCH/H channel is called single channel or channel
fragment or fragment.
Idle Busy
The Function of HR
Couple：When a timeslot is used as two TCH/H
channels, and these two channels are both free. This
timeslot is called a couple.
Idle Idle
Busy Busy
The Function of HR
I B B B B B I B B B B B B B B B
I I B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
I: Idle B：
：Busy
Channel Assignment Strategies
If the half rate function is used, when BSC receives the
“assignment request” from the MSC, it will decides to use the
channel allocation algorithm according to channel assignment
strategy specified in the data configuration.
MSC channel assignment strategy
Assign the channel according to the MSC request. If the request from MSC
is "TCHF preferred", assign the full rate channel preferentially. If it is
"TCHH preferred", assign the half rate channel preferentially.
BSC channel assignment strategy

When the assignment request sent from MSC is "Full rate TCH preferred"
or" Half rate TCH preferred", BSC assigns the proper channel according to
the availability of idle full rate channel in the cell and the allowance of MSC.
Channel Assignment Strategies
The BSC channel allocation strategy is the default strategy.
That is, when the network is idle, the full rate is used,
otherwise, the half rate is used.
For the call that uses the half rate preferentially, the single
channel is assigned preferentially to reduce the fragment.
If a cell has multiple TRXs, the channels on the TRXs that do

not allow the rate adjustment are assigned preferentially.
Rate Adjustment Flow
If the channel assignment request is to choose the full rate channel only:
When there is idle full rate channel, assign the channel directly.
When there is no idle full rate channel in the cell, but there is idle couple
channel, convert the couple channel to full rate channel and then assign the
converted full rate channel.
When there is no idle full rate channel and idle couple channel in the cell, but
there is idle single channel, check whether the number of single channel in
the cell is more than one. If yes, initiate intracell handover to form a couple
channel and then convert the couple channel to full rate to assign.
Otherwise, reject the assignment request.
Start
Assignment request
for TCHF only
Yes
Full rate available? Assign full rate channel
No
Yes Convert couple channel to full
Couple channel
rate channel and then assign
available?
the converted channel
No
Yes
More than one half Initiate intra-cell handover to
rate channel? form couple channel, and then
convert the couple channel to
No
full rate channel to assign
Request reject
End
If the channel assignment request is to half rate only :
When there is idle single channel in the cell, assign the idle half rate channel
on the single channel directly.
When there is no idle single channel in the cell, but there is idle couple channel
in the cell, assign the idle half rate channel on the couple channel.
When there is no idle single channel and idle couple channel in the cell, but
there is idle full rate channel in the cell, convert the full rate channel into couple
channel and then assign the idle half rate channel on the couple channel.
Otherwise, reject the request.
Start
Half rate assignment request
Yes
Single channel available? Assign half rate channel
No
Yes
Couple channel available? Assign the half rate channel
on the couple channel
No
Yes Convert the full rate channel
Full rate channel available? into couple channel and
then assign the half rate
No channel on it
Assignment fails
End
If the channel assignment request is to choose the full rate channel
preferentially:
When there is idle full rate channel in the cell, assign it directly.
When there is no idle single channel in the cell, but there is idle couple channel
in the cell, convert the couple channel into full rate channel and then assign it.
When there is no idle full rate channel and couple channel in the cell, check
whether the number of adjustable half rate channel in the cell is more than one.
If yes, initiate intracell handover to form a couple channel and then convert the
couple channel to full rate to assign
Otherwise, assign the idle half rate channel on the single channel.
Start
Assign request for full rae preferentially
Yes
Full rate available? Assign full rate channel
No
Yes Convert the couple channel

Couple channel available? into full rate channel to
assign
No
Form couple channel by
Yes intracell handover and then
More than one half rate
channel? convert couplechannel into
full rate to assign
No
Assign request for full rae preferentially
End
HR Data Configuration
First configure the BIE as half rate networking.
Configure the system information
Configure the parameters for TRX
Configure whether channel rate is adjustable
TCH Traffic Thrsh(%)
Content：During the allocation of BSC channel, if the
occupation rate of the current channel reaches or exceeds this
threshold, the dual rate user is allocated with half-rate channel
preferentially. Otherwise, allocate the full-rate channel
preferentially.
Value range:0-100
Recommendation:50
Enhanced Chan. Convert Enable
Content：Determines whether to allow handing over the call on
the SINGLE and then trigger the adjustment when converting
half-rate channel into full-rate channel.
Recommendation: selected
Chan. Conversion Timer(100ms)
Content：This timer measures the waiting time for the channel
conversion during call establishment. If the channel conversion
does not complete within the time, the call is cleared and the
timer counts the timeout times.
Value Range:20-255
Recommendation:30
Contents
1. EFR
2. HR
3. AMR
The Function of AMR
The Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) is a set of multiple voice
Codec algorithms. The BTS and MS can automatically
choose a proper Codec algorithm according to the actual
radio environment to adjust the rate. Thus the voice quality
can be improved. Different Codec algorithm generates
different rate voice code stream.
The AMR is only used in voice service. It is not used in the
data service or signaling service. Thus, the AMR is not
considered when process the signaling of data service or
signaling service.
The Function of AMR
The core thought is that compromise and balance shall be realized between
the channel coding and source coding in sharing the bandwidth of wireless air
interface (the full rate channel 456/20 = 22.8Kbit/s, and the half arte channel
is at 11.4Kbit/s).
When interference increase is detected at the network side and it exceeds a
certain threshold, the voice coding rate will be reduced automatically. In other
words, some useful voice information is removed. The redundancy of voice
coding is added on condition of the unchanged transmission bandwidth. As a
result, distortion of the voice recovered at the receiver side may rise. The
error rate falls because elements for error check and correction increase. It
prevents the voice quality from deteriorating sharply.
The AMR coder selects one from multiple rates in real time according to the
channel type (full rate or half rate). By so doing, the optimal combination of
the voice coding and channel coding to satisfy the transient wireless channel
condition and local capacity requirement.
AMR
The core functions of the AMR are to provide multiple voice Codec
algorithms and automatically choose of voice coding rate according to
radio communication quality.
Full Rate AMR
It supports full rate channel AMR voice coding and decoding and includes
8 voice rates: 12.2k (GSM EFR), 10.2k, 7.95k, 7.40k (IS-641), 6.70k,
5.90k, 5.15k, 4.75k;The full rate AMR can adjust the coding rate according
to the radio quality indication (RQI). The coding rate is adjusted in the
active coding set (ACS).
Half Rate AMR
It supports half rate channel AMR voice coding and decoding and includes
5 voice rates: 7.40k (IS-641), 6.70k, 5.90k, 5.15k, 4.75k;The half rate
AMR can adjust the coding rate according to the radio quality indication
(RQI). The coding rate is adjusted in the ACS.
AMR M OS E xp e r im e n t 1 a - T e s t R e s u lts
5 .0
4 .0
3 .0
EFR
1 2 .2
1 0 .2
7 .9 5
2 .0 7 .4
6 .7
5 .9
5 .1 5
4 .7 5 C o n d i ti o n s
1 .0
No Er r o r s C/I= 1 6 d B C/I= 1 3 d B C/I=1 0 d B C/I= 7 d B C/I= 4 d B C/I= 1 d B
EFR 4 .0 1 4 .0 1 3 .6 5 3 .0 5 1 .5 3
1 2 .2 4 .0 1 4 .0 6 4 .1 3 3 .9 3 3 .4 4 1 .4 6
1 0 .2 4 .0 6 3 .9 6 4 .0 5 3 .8 0 2 .0 4
7 .9 5 3 .9 1 4 .0 1 4 .0 8 3 .9 6 3 .2 6 1 .4 3
7 .4 3 .8 3 3 .9 4 3 .9 8 3 .8 4 3 .1 1 1 .3 9
6 .7 3 .7 7 3 .8 0 3 .8 6 3 .2 9 1 .8 7
5 .9 3 .7 2 3 .6 9 3 .5 9 2 .2 0
5 .1 5 3 .5 0 3 .5 8 3 .4 4 2 .4 3
4 .7 5 3 .5 0 3 .5 2 3 .4 3 2 .6 6
MOS (Mean Opinion Score)
AMR Call Set Up Process
BSC receives the assigning
request sent by MSC
Deciding whether to N
Normal Call
support AMR function
Deciding whether to assign N

Normal Call
channel that supports AMR
function
Finishes AMR call set up
AMR Channel Allocation and Rate Adjust
When the call is just set up, the rate configured in “starting
mode” will be adopted.
MS/BTS automatically adjust the current voice codec rate

based on a certain algorithm and the RQI.
In AMR, the number and range of adjustable rates depend

on the activated code set. In accordance with the protocol, 4
activated code sets at most can be supported.
The AMR coding rate adjustment means the coding rate is
judged and adjusted based on the MS reported RQI (call
carrier-to-interference ratio).
When RQI is high, it will be adjusted to a high rate. When

RQI is low, it will be adjusted to a low rate.
C/I
CODEC_MODE_4
THR_3 + HYST_3 = THR_MX_Up(3)
THR_3 = THR_MX_Dn(4)
CODEC_MODE_3
CODEC_MODE_2
CODEC_MODE_1
When MS responds to uplink AMR rate adjustment, it should be the
next voice frame if possible, and not more than three voice frames.
If rate adjustment crosses the code set, for example, adjustment

from coding rate 1 to coding rate 4, MS continuously adjusts rates. It
adjusts the rate to coding rate 2, then to coding rate 3, and finally to
coding rate 4. There are two voice frames in each process.
When BS responds to downlink AMR rate adjustment, the rate must

be adjusted in the earliest voice frame, unless BS is under network
control, and MS request need be ignored.
Normally, AMR rate is adjusted step be step. However, it is
adjusted by leaping over steps in the following cases:
Handover: After handover is completed, MS uses the initial
coding rate, regardless of the coding rate it used previously.
The AMR configuration request message changes AMR

configuration.
When the uplink code is checked on the BS side, the coding mode
change command is initiated if it is found to reach the above configured
threshold. After converting the coding mode, MS returns the coding mode
indication.
BTS found RQI

threshold is met
coding mode change command
coding mode indication
The downlink code is checked on the MS side. When it is found to reach
the threshold with the same algorithm, MS initiates the coding mode
request. As required, BS ignores this request or immediately responds to
this request. It then sends the coding mode indication to MS.
BTS found RQI

threshold is met
coding mode request
coding mode indication
AMR Feature
Activated voice code set: Supporting setting of different ACS,
coding rate adjustment threshold and hysteresis , and initial
coding rate according to cell
Adding the statistic index of AMR call at the cell level to cell
performance measurement
Providing the RQI performance statistic function distributed by TA
at the carrier level
TC support capability can be queried at the BSC maintenance
console: If various voice code algorithms are supported
AMR Feature
Supporting dynamic configuration of the Activated Code Set (ACS)
and threshold used for the cell, enabling or disabling it (dynamic
configuration does not affect the established AMR call)
Supporting real time query about the coding mode currently used
for the specified channel: the system can output the used coding
mode and C/I information (indicating RQI) in the queried period
Providing the user’s cell capacity and quality equalization control
policy by realizing the HR-FR handover in cell based on RQI
Adopting different power control parameters for AMR call and non
AMR call, keeping the algorithm consistent
Configuration
To enable the AMR function, it is a must to set “Allow full rate
voice coding and decoding algorithm 3” and “Allow half rate voice
coding and decoding algorithm 3” at MSC configuration. In
addition, it is necessary to configure the phase flag of A interface
protocol to PhaseII+.
Configure the following data at BSC: the A interface circuit to
support the AMR function. As described in the protocol, the circuit
pool number indicates the support capability of the voice codec.
To support the AMR function, it is recommended to configure the
circuit pool to 27. The configuration interface is shown below.
Configuration
Configuration
The circuit support capability configured for the circuit pool
cannot exceed the actual support capability of TC board.
Check the support capability of TC board from the

maintenance console: Select the TC board through the
maintenance console, and then right click to select “Query
board” from the floating menu. The board querying interface
is shown below.
Configuration
Configuration
Configuration
If ACS contains four coding rates, “Initial coding mode” can
be configured to 0, 1, 2 or 3. Both of the coding rate
adjustment thresholds and hysteresis is significant and must
be configured correctly.
The configuration of the coding rate adjustment threshold and

the hysteresis must observe the following rules:
0 < th[i] < th[i+1] < 63; i = 1, 2
0 < th[i] + hyst[i] < th[i+1] + hyst[i+1] < 63; i = 1, 2
Configuration
Configuration
Summary
In this course，we learn about：
Master the function of EFR, HR, AMR
Configuration of EFR, HR, AMR
Thank You
Thank you
www.huawei.com

Microsoft Power Point - 9 OMF000407 Multiple Rate Algorithm ISSUE2

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Microsoft Power Point - 9 OMF000407 Multiple Rate Algorithm ISSUE2

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Multiple Rate Algorithm

Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Master the parameters of multiple rate algorithm.

Be able to configure the data of multiple rate algorithm.

As technologies develop, the enhanced full rate, half rate,

Different circuit pool numbers can support different voice rates.

1 FR speech version 1；FR data (12, 6, 3.6 Kbps)

FR speech version 2；FR data (12, 6, 3.6 Kbps)

FR speech version 1；FR speech version 2

Speech version in the

Determine whether the circuit No

Channel ACT ACK(3)

If the half rate service is used, the voice capacity expands

BSC channel assignment strategy

If a cell has multiple TRXs, the channels on the TRXs that do

Otherwise, reject the request.

Half rate assignment request

Assign request for full rae preferentially

Yes Convert the couple channel

Assign request for full rae preferentially

MOS (Mean Opinion Score)

Deciding whether to assign N

Finishes AMR call set up

MS/BTS automatically adjust the current voice codec rate

In AMR, the number and range of adjustable rates depend

When RQI is high, it will be adjusted to a high rate. When

If rate adjustment crosses the code set, for example, adjustment

When BS responds to downlink AMR rate adjustment, the rate must

The AMR configuration request message changes AMR

BTS found RQI

coding mode indication

BTS found RQI

coding mode request

coding mode indication

Check the support capability of TC board from the

The configuration of the coding rate adjustment threshold and

Configuration of EFR, HR, AMR

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen