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Switchboard: Definition?
A Switchboard is a point in an electrical network at which an incoming-power supply divides into separate circuits, each of which is controlled and protected by the fuses or switchgear of the switchboard. switchboard
Switchboard:
A distribution switchboard is divided into a number of functional units, each comprising all the electrical and mechanical elements that contribute to the fulfillment of a given function. It represents a key li k in link i the th dependability d d bilit chain. h i Distribution switchboards are critical to the dependability of an electrical installation. They must comply with well-defined standards governing the design and construction of LV switchgear assemblies assemblies.
Picture: Switchboard panel with open-type knife switches is an Edison DC type. from The Frick Power House, 1904 A.D.
Switchboard Parameters:
Rated Operational Voltage (Ue) : This is the maximum continuous voltage at which equipment may be used. Rated Insulation Voltage (Ui) : The highest operating voltage that will not cause a dielectric strength failure. The rated insulation voltage is used as a parameter for dielectric strength tests and for the creepage distance. The rated insulation voltage must always be higher than the rated operating voltage (Ue). Rated Impulse Voltage (Uimp) : The peak value of an impulse voltage of which the circuit of an assembly is capable of withstanding without failure failure. Rated current (In) : Maximum current that the device can carry continuously without abnormal temperature rise rise.
Switchboard Parameters:
Rated short time withstand current (Icw) : Maximum short time withstand current that the equipment can carry without damage. Rated Peak withstand current (Ipk) : The rated peak withstand current of a circuit of an assembly is the value of peak current assigned to that circuit by the manufacturer which that circuit can withstand satisfactorily. Rated short-circuit making capacity (Icm) Maximum current (peak) (p ) a device can make at its rated voltage g according g to the conditions of standard. Devices without protection like switches, must be able to withstand short-circuit current with a value & duration resulting from action of the associated protection device.
Switchboard Parameters:
Rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity (Icu) : This is the maximum short-circuit current value that a circuit breaker can break at t a given i voltage lt and d phase h angle l ( (cos ). ) The Th tests t t are executed t d according to the sequence O - t - CO. O represents an automatic break operation, t a time interval and CO a make operation followed by an automatic break operation. Following the test, the circuit breaker must continue to provide a minimum level of safety (isolation, dielectric strength). ( g ) Rated service short-circuit breaking capacity (Ics) : This is the value al e expressed e pressed as a percentage of Ic Icu. It will ill be one of the following values: 25% (category A only), 50%, 75% or 100%. The circuit breaker must be capable of operating normally after breaking the Ics current several times using the sequence O-t-CO-t-CO.
LV Switchboard: Standard
International Standard IEC-61439-1 IEC 61439 1 & 2 (Old Standard IEC-60439-1 IEC 60439 1 is still valid for KSA market till 2014). Certified switchboard is called Verified assembly or in old std. Type Tested Assembly American Standard ANSI-C37.20.1 or IEEE, UL-508 (Out of Power Center Scope) p )
MV Switchgear: Standard
IEC-61439-2: Verification
Customer send his inquiry in different ways Single Line Diagram (Example)
Drawings (Example)
Specification:
Additional information with inquiry: Customer specification should be attached with SLD/Schedule/drawing etc.
Housing (Enclosure) Bus-bar Incoming g CB/Fuse/Switch Outgoing CB/Fuse/Switch Metering & Indication Control & Accessories etc etc.
Housing (Enclosure)
Enclosure: Function?
Protection of switchgear, against i t mechanical h i li impacts, t vibrations and other external influences (EMI, dust, moisture, vermin, etc.) The protection of human life against the possibility of direct and indirect electric
Application: Indoor/Outdoor Degree g of Protection: IP Rating, g, IP-31, , IP-42 or IP-55 Mechanical Strength (IK) Rating Material: Mild Steel/Stainless Steel/Polyester/GRP Certification: Type Tested/Universal Form of Separation: Form-1/2a/2b/3a/3b/4a/4b Entry: Top/Bottom Access: Front/Rear
Form of Separation:
Bus-bar
Bus bar is a conductor of electricity e.g. strip or bar of copper, brass or aluminum that conducts electricity within a switchboard, distribution board board, substation substation, battery bank or other electrical apparatus etc. Cu-ETP (Electrolytic-Tough-Pitch) R240 grade of bus bar is specified in switchboard application as per EN 1650
Thumb Rule: 1.5A/mm2 (Not Accurate & just for rough estimation) S l t suitable Select it bl size i from f tables t bl d developed l db by CDA CDA. Tables Developed by switchboard manufacturers Using Formula Using Software
Switchgear & CB
A Switchgear is the combination of electrical disconnect switches, fuses or circuit breakers used to control, protect and isolate electrical equipment A Circuit Breaker is a manually or automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit.
Overload Protection
Electrical Hazard
LV & MV Switchgear
There are three types of LV Circuit Breakers in market MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) in two frame size upto 63A/upto 120A (Schneider Electric iC60 & iC120 range) MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breaker) available normally upto 1600A (Schneider Electric MCCB NSX/Easypact range upto 630A & NS from 630A upto 3200A) ACB (Air Circuit Breaker) available upto 6300A (Schneider Electric NT range upto 1600A & NW range upto 6300A)
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Selection Criteria of LV CB
What are the characteristics for choosing a circuit breaker? Current parameter: In Icu Ics Icm
Voltage parameters: Ue Ui Uimp Fixed or withdrawable Standard T Type of f trip t i unit it Number of poles Need for discrimination
Normally Metering consists of Digital multimeter or Analog Ammeters & Voltmeters 72X72 or 96X96 size with selector switch, Current transformers & control fuses/fuse holders Indication Lamps consist of three in Indication Lamps of 22mm diameter with Red/Yellow/Blue colors for all phases
Types of Switchboard
Switchboard or Main Distribution Board (Example: Blokset, Prisma Plus-P) Motor Control Center (Example: Blokset, Prisma Plus-P) Panelboard or Sub Main Distribution Board (Example: Prisma Plus P & G Plus-P Loadcenters or Final Distribution Board (Example: Prisma Pack, Disbo)
Technology in Switchboard
Traditional distribution switchboards: Switchgear and fuse gear, etc. are normally located on a chassis at the rear of the enclosure. Required careful designing having knowledge of dimension of all components. (Example: Universal Enclosure p panels) ) Functional distribution switchboards: Made up of functional modules d l th that ti include l d switchgear it h d devices i t together th with ith standardized accessories for mounting & connections, ensuring a high level of reliability & a great capacity for last-minute and future changes.
Product Range
Switchboards up-to 6300A & up-to Form-4b Panel-boards L dC Load Centers t MCC (DOL/Y-/VFD/Soft-starter) Auto & Manual Synchronizing Panels Auto. ATS & MTS Lighting Control Panels PFC Panels (Capacitor Bank)
Product Characteristics
E di l f Ecodial for coordination di i study d of f electrical l i l network k Rapsody for design Prisma Plus switchboard switchboard. Schneider online Electrical Calculation Tools
Basic Calculation
Basic Calculation
Basic Calculation
Questions
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